| heterorhabditis spp. and steinernema (= neoaplectana) spp.: temperature, and aspects of behavior and infectivity. | the infectivity of several species/strains of nematodes of the genera heterorhabditis and steinernema for postfeeding, 3rd instar larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, was tested in sand at various temperatures. of the two genera, the steinernematids were more active at lower temperatures and parasitized l. cuprina over a greater temperature range. the temperature range of infectivity for l. cuprina differed between nematodes of the same genus and between strains of the same species. par ... | 1986 | 3743713 |
| ecological analysis of field trials conducted to assess the potential of sex-linked translocation strains for genetic control of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina (wiedemann). | field trials were conducted with translocation/eye colour (te) strains of l. cuprina to measure the mating ability of the males under field conditions and assess their potential for suppressing sheep blowfly populations. rates of increase in l. cuprina were highest in spring (3.9-9.1 per generation), consistently low during summer (0.1-0.6 per generation) and somewhat higher during autumn (1.1-3.4 per generation). the te strains released had the potential to prevent population increases of this ... | 1985 | 4091754 |
| preliminary evaluation of 1,1-bis (4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane as an oviposition deterrent for the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina, and development of methods for evaluating oviposition deterrents against sheep blowfly. | 1,1-bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane (gh74) was evaluated as an oviposition deterrent for the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. in several test situations, flies laid only very few egg masses on fleece to which 0.5% gh74 had been applied, and which had been exposed in the field for up to 6 months. however, a significant number of egg masses were laid on the breech of severely scouring sheep when tested several weeks after application of gh74 at the same concentration. procedures for evaluating ov ... | 1982 | 7168716 |
| genetic analysis of field trials of sex-linked translocation strains for genetic control of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wiedemann). | the results of progeny tests of males and females captured during two field trials of sex-linked translocation strains for genetic control of l. cuprina are presented. males released as mature larvae survived to adulthood and mated with field females. however, the levels of genetic death introduced into the population were insufficient to suppress the native population. this was due partly to seasonal ineffectiveness of the release method, and partly to poor performance of the released males. on ... | 1985 | 4091755 |
| carbamate resistance in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina (wied). | | 1973 | 4782514 |
| developmental and biochemical characteristics of sterile cultures of the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1974 | 4857578 |
| chemosterilization of lucilia cuprina with n,n'-hexamethylenebis-(1-aziridinecarboxamide). | | 1972 | 5085794 |
| incorporation in vitro of ( 14 c)leucine into the mitochondrial protein of lucilia cuprina. 2. energy requirements. | | 1971 | 5099220 |
| pheromonal stimulation of the sexual activity of males of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (calliphoridae) by the female. | | 1969 | 5370967 |
| cuticular lipids of adults and puparia of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wied.). | the presence of a strong contact component in the sex and ovipositing behavior of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina wied. prompted an investigation into the chemical composition of the cuticular wax of the adult male and female flies as well as that of the blowfly puparia. thin-layer chromatography indicated that the lipids in all the waxes examined comprise hydrocarbons, nonglyceryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and hydroxy compounds, probably diglycerides and monoglycerides. phospho ... | 1970 | 5411981 |
| an electron-microscopic study of flight muscle development in the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1968 | 5674712 |
| polytene chromosomes and linkage group-chromosome correlations in the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | | 1969 | 5800665 |
| functions of the white and topaz loci of lucilia cuprina in the production of the eye pigment xanthommatin. | the white and topaz eye color mutants of l. cuprina are defective in the production of the brown screening pigment xanthommatin. both white and topaz mutants were found to be unable to accumulate xanthommatin precursors in the larval malpighian tubules, correlating with their reduced early pupal level of this metabolite. in addition, white mutants showed reduced rates of accumulation of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine in the adult eyes. another mutant strain, grape, was also defective in its ... | 1980 | 7470018 |
| the localization of a particle-bound tyrosine activating enzyme in lucilia cuprina and the distribution of free amino acids during the life cycle. | | 1965 | 5828290 |
| mutations in the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wied.). ii. studies on genes for black pupa and dieldrin-resistance. | | 1965 | 5892467 |
| immunization of sheep with larval antigens of lucilia cuprina. | sheep were immunized with antigens extracted from third-instar larvae of l. cuprina. this procedure produced substantial titres of circulating antibody as measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay or immunodiffusion or by both techniques. however, immunization did not confer protection against subsequent implant challenge with first-instar larvae. in vitro studies indicated that pooled sera from immunized sheep (mean immunodiffusion titre = 3) significantly reduced larval survival. antigen specif ... | 1981 | 6171245 |
| integumental chitin synthase activity in cell-free extracts of larvae of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, and two other species of diptera. | chitin synthase activity has been demonstrated in crude homogenates of larval integuments from l. cuprina and in similar preparations from musca domestica and calliphora erythrocephala. this is the first report of an insect integumental chitin synthase. this activity brings about the incorporation of radioactivity from udp-n-acetyl-[14c]glucosamine into an ethanol- and alkali-insoluble form. a major part of this labelled product has been characterized as chitin by its insolubility in alkali, res ... | 1983 | 6228213 |
| dieldrin and diazinon resistance in populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, from sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips. | populations of l. cuprina collected from adjacent sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips in victoria (mansfield and warrnambool) and new south wales (lismore) were tested for resistance to the insecticides diazinon and dieldrin. populations from sheep-grazing areas had a significantly higher diazinon rop-1 allele frequency than those from adjacent tips with the victorian populations being more resistant than those from lismore. victorian sheep and tip populations had similar gene frequencies at th ... | 1984 | 6536262 |
| oviposition deterrency of 1, 1-bis (4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane against the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, in relation to concentration and method of application. | | 1983 | 6685475 |
| a sticky-trap for studying the spatial distribution of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1984 | 6743160 |
| excretory/secretory chymotrypsin from lucilia cuprina: purification, enzymatic specificity and amino acid sequence deduced from mrna. | two chymotrypsin-like proteases were purified from the secretory and excretory material of first-instar larvae of lucilia cuprina. the hydrolysis of n-succinyl-l-phenylalanine-nitroanilide was used to monitor the purification of these proteases which was achieved by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-sepharose followed by anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. the enzymatic specificity of the most abundant protease (lucilia chymotrypsin b; lctb) was furthe ... | 1994 | 7704304 |
| a model for the aging of fly larvae in forensic entomology. | a method is described for determining the time of hatching of blowfly larvae on a corpse with respect to temperature. temperature is known to have a profound effect on the rate of growth of fly larvae, and it is suggested that past assumptions that the growth of larvae found in a corpse has taken place at one approximated ambient temperature may have led to large overestimates of the development time of the larvae, and thus overestimates of time of death. larvae of lucilia cuprina, calliphora vi ... | 1984 | 6745822 |
| insecticides and acaricides: resistance and environmental impact. | insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of haematobia irritans irritans, h. irritans exigua and lucilia cuprina. similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespre ... | 1994 | 7711312 |
| asymmetric distribution of gap junctions amongst identified photoreceptor axons of lucilia cuprina (diptera). | the relative number of gap junctions within the ring of axon terminals of identified adult photoreceptors has been counted, in the lamina cartridges of lucilia cuprina. terminals are similar in size, but some pairs of terminals make up to four times as many junctions with each other as do other pairs; the frequency of connection varies markedly along the length of the cartridge. junctions across the cartridge occasionally occur out of the normal sequence, frequently in the upper cartridge betwee ... | 1984 | 6746765 |
| the association between body strike and dermatophilosis of sheep under controlled conditions. | the association of dermatophilosis with body strike of sheep caused by lucilia cuprina was studied in a controlled environment. when sheep with areas of wet normal fleece and areas of wet fleece containing scabs induced by infection of the skin with dermatophilus congolensis were exposed to gravid l. cuprina the files oviposited only on dermatophilosis-affected areas. in wet dermatophilosis-affected fleece, naturally oviposited l. cuprina eggs hatched and the larvae developed to the second insta ... | 1981 | 6895592 |
| selection for insecticide resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | egg implant studies on sheep demonstrate that the relative fitness of resistance genotypes of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, changes over time for the 2 insecticides dieldrin and diazinon. the results suggest that selection may occur following exposure of larvae to sub-lethal concentrations and help to explain the relative rates of the development of resistance to dieldrin and diazinon by l.cuprina. | 1982 | 7056365 |
| differential sex chromosome replication and dosage compensation in polytene trichogen cells of lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | non banded sex chromosome elements have been identified in polytene trichogen cells of lucilia cuprina using y-autosome translocations, c-banding and quinacrine fluorescence. the x chromosome is an irregular granular structure while the much smaller y chromosome has both a dense darkly stained and a loosely organised segment. the x and y chromosomes are under-replicated in polytene cells but comparison of c- and q-banding characteristics of sex chromosomes in diploid and polytene tissues indicat ... | 1982 | 7160277 |
| responses of the sheep blowflies lucilia sericata and l. cuprina to odour and the development of semiochemical baits. | the literature relating to the attraction of the sheep blowflies lucilia sericata and lucilia cuprina to their ovine hosts is reviewed. the responses of the two species are similar and different components of the behaviour leading to host location and oviposition appear to involve at least two distinct sets of semiochemical cues. activation, upwind orientation and landing appear to occur in response to putrefactive sulphur-rich volatiles, originating from bacterial decomposition products. ovipos ... | 1994 | 7841484 |
| isolation of a trypsin-like serine protease gene family from the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | various protease inhibitors active against both trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases were used to characterize gut proteases from lucilia cuprina by in vitro feeding assays. significant larval growth retardation was observed on feeding first-instar larvae with trypsin inhibitors, particularly soybean trypsin inhibitor. feeding of chymostatin, a specific chymotrypsin inhibitor, resulted in no significant growth retardation. this information suggests that trypsin-like serine proteases a ... | 1994 | 7894748 |
| ultrastructural changes in the cuticle of the sheep blowfly, lucilia, induced by certain insecticides and biological inhibitors. | the ultrastructural effects on larval cuticle of lucilia cuprina of two inhibitors of chitin synthesis, diflubenzuron and polyoxin d and an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, aminopterin, are compared with those of the insecticide, cyromazine. diflubenzuron and polyoxin d both prevent the formation of a normal lamellate appearance in procuticle and interfere with deposition of epicuticle. aminopterin and cyromazine cause necrotic lesions in the cuticle which, in the case of cyromazine, are co ... | 1985 | 3923653 |
| immunisation of sheep against experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis and fleece-rot associated body strike. | sheep immunised with an experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine and unvaccinated control sheep were challenged by induction of experimental dermatitis with the homologous strain. all of 6 control sheep developed ulcerative dermatitis, and 2 of the 6 challenge sites were struck by larvae of lucilia cuprina. neither severe dermatitis nor strike occurred in 6 vaccinated sheep. these results were confirmed in an experimental challenge using 3 different serotypes of p. aeruginosa on each of 3 vac ... | 1985 | 3994605 |
| vaccination of sheep with purified serine proteases from the secretory and excretory material of lucilia cuprina larvae. | sheep were vaccinated with two purified serine proteases, lct25a and lct25b, isolated from the secretory and excretory material from first instar larvae of lucilia cuprina. the immunization produced a strong antibody response to lct25b and a weaker response to lct25a as measured by elisa. however, neither protease induced an ovine immune response which affected the development of first instar larvae growing on sera derived from these sheep. further, direct in vivo bioassays of larval growth on t ... | 1994 | 7928080 |
| c, q and h-banding in the analysis of y chromosome rearrangements in lucilia cuprina (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae). | in lucilia cuprina c-banding produces procentric bands on all autosomes and deep staining over most of the x and y chromosomes which conciderably facilitates the analysis of complex y chromosome rearrangements. the y chromosome is generally darkly c-banded throughout while in the x chromosome a pale staining segment is found in the distal portion of the long arm. modulation of the banding reaction results in 'grey' areas in both x and y. when c-banding is compared with allocycly it is clear that ... | 1980 | 7189455 |
| aspects of the development of flight-muscle sarcosomes in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, in relation to changes in the distribution of protein and some respiratory enzymes during metamorphosis. | 1. changes in the amounts and distribution of protein and respiratory enzymes have been estimated during the life cycle of the fly lucilia cuprina. 2. the fully fed larva contains about 7mg. of protein, the pupa and newly emerged fly about 4mg., and the mature adult about 3mg. 3. there are two periods of incorporation of protein into particles at the expense of the soluble protein; the first, immediately after pupation, may store protein (0.5mg./insect) for use in adult development; the second, ... | 1967 | 4291561 |
| insecticide resistance status of lucilia cuprina in new zealand using biochemical and toxicological techniques. | the resistance status to diazinon based organophosphorus insecticides has been examined in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, a recent arrival to new zealand. samples, representative of the distribution of l. cuprina in new zealand, were scored for the presence or absence of a microsomal esterase (e3) associated with resistance. iso-female lines were generated from four sites to examine variation in resistance levels using toxicological data. results from both techniques show resistance at a hi ... | 1994 | 7975126 |
| the ovipositional response of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, to fleece-rot odours. | the ovipositional response of lucilia cuprina flies to odours emanating from fleece-rot lesions of greasy wool in which pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria proliferated, was studied. fractionation of the fleece-rot odours was carried out by bubbling the volatile components through hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions to remove basic odours and acidic odours respectively. it was found that the acidic/neutral odours of fleece-rot wool, when perfused into wet, greasy wool stimulated l. cupr ... | 1981 | 7337595 |
| ultrastructure of pigment granules in the eyes of adults of the ommochrome-deficient mutant yellow of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | compound eyes from adult flies of the ommochrome deficient mutant yellow of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, are processed for transmission electron microscopy using conventional methods. the ultrastructure of the pigment granules in the primary and secondary pigment cells is compared with that in corresponding cells of the wild-type strain and of yellow adults raised from larvae fed a diet supplemented with 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk). the pigment granules in both cell types of yel ... | 1980 | 7358058 |
| controlled release insecticide devices for protection of sheep against head strike caused by lucilia cuprina. | the effectiveness of polymer matrix tags containing (w/w) 8.5% cypermethrin, 7.5% flucythrinate, 13.7% tetrachlorvinphos or 20.0% diazinon in protecting sheep against head strike by the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina wiedemann) was investigated in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. tags impregnated with cypermethrin reduced the total number of egg masses deposited on the heads of sheep in fly cage studies over a 6 week period by 73.3% compared with no treatment. tags impregnated with fl ... | 1994 | 8030177 |
| immunoglobulin g antibodies to the antigens of lucilia cuprina in the sera of fly-struck sheep. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to demonstrate that sheep with myiasis caused by the larvae of the australian sheep blowfly, l. cuprina, had serum igg antibodies to antigens present in an extract of the ground-up larvae. previously struck animals demonstrated a more severe myiasis than their unstruck counterparts when both groups were subjected to a standard larval challenge. the effects of immunosuppressive therapy were expressed in terms of a decrease in the total number of larvae grow ... | 1980 | 7396805 |
| genetic basis of resistance to diazinon in victorian populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | populations of l. cuprina from the bairnsdale, glenrowan, hamilton and torrita areas of victoria were found to have similar high diazinon resistance status, following near fixation of a single allele at the r1 locus. pure-breeding resistant strains were derived from each area and used as base populations for a selection program on adults. an approximate doubling of the level of resistance to diazinon was achieved in each strain after eight generations of selection. relaxation of selection over s ... | 1980 | 7396809 |
| susceptibility of organophosphorus resistant and non-resistant larvae of lucilia cuprina to a triazine pesticide. | a triazine pesticide, 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine was found equally effective at low concentrations against first instar larvae of susceptible and organophosphorus resistant strains of the sheep flowfly, lucilia cuprina. exposure to 1 ppm of the chemical in sheep's liver medium for 48 hours should be effective for use in surveillance testing of field populations. | 1980 | 7414921 |
| larvicidal activity of inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase on the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the formation of the sclerotizing agent (n-acetyl dopamine) of the blowfly cuticle, have been tested for larvicidal activity against l. cuprina. a significant level of dopa decarboxylase activity has been shown to be present throughout larval life in this species. four potent in vitro inhibitors of l. cuprina larval dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa, benserazide, methyl tyrosine and methyl dopa) have been shown to be effective larvicides when fed t ... | 1980 | 7436865 |
| insecticide resistance in field strains of lucilia cuprina. | a survey was conducted in 1977-78 to determine the level of insecticide resistance in field strains of lucilia cuprina from a wide area of queensland. discriminating dose data showed that all 19 strains tested were resistant to diazinon, dichlofenthion, fenthion-ethyl and chlorfenvinphos, but resistance factors in all strains were low, the highest being 18.9 for diazinon. six strains showed no resistance to butacarb. a strain collected in 1967 and selected with diazinon for 117 generations, atta ... | 1980 | 7436892 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | crystals of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina have been grown from ammonium sulphate by the hanging drop vapour diffusion method. successful crystallization required the presence of the inhibitor s-hexylglutathione. the crystals belong to the tetragonal space group p4(1)22 (or p4(3)22) with cell dimensions of a = b = 88.1 a and c = 66.9 a. they contain one monomer in the asymmetric unit and diffract beyond 2.8 a resolution. | 1994 | 8126729 |
| the transposable element mariner can excise in non-drosophilid insects. | plasmid-based excision assays performed in embryos of two non-drosophilid species using the mariner transposable element from drosophila mauritiana resulted in empty excision sites identical to those observed after the excision of mariner from d. mauritiana chromosomes. in the presence of the autonomous mariner element mos1, excision products were recovered from d. melanogaster, d. mauritiana and the blowfly lucilia cuprina. when a hsp82 heat shock promoter-mos1 construct was used to supply mari ... | 1995 | 7500947 |
| characterization of a juvenile hormone binding lipophorin from the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | the larval haemolymph of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (weidemann) contains a juvenile hormone binding protein with a kd for racemic jh iii of 33 +/- 6 nm. the density of the binding sites is 212 +/- 33 pmol/mg haemolymph protein. the binding protein is equally specific for jh iii and methyl farnesoate. some natural juvenoids were ranked for their ability to displace [3h]jh iii with jh iii > jh ii > jh i > jh iii acid > jh iii diol > jhb3 = no detectable displacement. these data, together wi ... | 1994 | 7553348 |
| the sulfakinins of the blowfly calliphora vomitoria. peptide isolation, gene cloning and expression studies. | the nonapeptide, phe-asp-asp-tyr(so3)-gly-his-met-arg-phe-nh2 was isolated from heads of the blowfly calliphora vomitoria. designated callisulfakinin i, the peptide is identical to the earlier known drosulfakinin i of drosophila melanogaster and to neosulfakinin i of neobellieria bullata. it belongs to the sulfakinin family, all known members of which (from flies, cockroaches and locusts) have the c-terminal heptapeptide sequence asp-tyr(so3)-gly-his-met-arg-phe-nh2. the callisulfakinin gene of ... | 1995 | 7556217 |
| efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid against strike by some primary and secondary blowflies of sheep. | merino sheep, which were hand jetted with ivermectin jetting fluid, and untreated sheep were challenged with larval implants of lucilia cuprina, lucilia sericata, calliphora nociva and chrysomya rufifacies at intervals of about 2 weeks from 6 to 16 weeks after treatment. both lucilia species produced strike rates of about 90% in untreated sheep; the respective rates were lower for chr rufifacies (55%) and c nociva (60%). strike rates for the treated group were about 17, 11, and 9% for l cuprina, ... | 1993 | 8343088 |
| genotype, environment and the asymmetry phenotype. dieldrin-resistance in lucilia cuprina (the australian sheep blowfly). | dieldrin-resistant (rdl/rdl and rdl/+) and susceptible (+/+) phenotypes of lucilia cuprina were scored for departures from bilateral symmetry for bristle characters after development at different temperatures, larval densities or concentrations of dieldrin. the asymmetry phenotype of resistant flies was dominant and independent of developmental temperature and larval density. the asymmetry of susceptibles increased for temperatures and larval densities above and below standard rearing conditions ... | 1995 | 7558887 |
| evidence for an essential serine residue in the active site of the theta class glutathione transferases. | a consistent feature of the alpha-, mu- and pi-class glutathione transferases (gsts) is the presence near the n-terminus of a tyrosine residue that contributes to the activation of glutathione. while this residue appears to be conserved in many theta-class gsts, its absence in some suggested that the theta-class gsts may have a significantly different structure or catalytic mechanism. the elucidation of the crystal structure of the theta-class gst from the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cupri ... | 1995 | 7575461 |
| antibody degradation in wound exudates from blowfly infections on sheep. | sheep were immunised with ovalbumin and then infected with the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina in order to study immunoglobulin and specific antibody degradation at the wound site. serum and wound exudates were collected over the infection period and the dry weight and protein content of the exudates were determined. exudates were analysed by sds-page and immunoblotting for igg degradation. levels of igg and specific anti-ovalbumin antibodies in the exudates were measured by elisa. the total weig ... | 1995 | 7635640 |
| variation in immune responsiveness of sheep to the antigens of intestinal nematodes and blowfly larvae. | the total and igg1 antibody responses to the intestinal nematode parasites haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis were measured in the serum of 160 lambs, 4 months of age. these antibodies had developed as the result of natural exposure to the parasites on pasture. three sires were examined and strong sire effects on half-sib progeny were found. plotting of elisa antibody results in two dimensions revealed clustering of responses within sire groups. bimodal antibody distribution ... | 1995 | 7635641 |
| [myiases of economic importance]. | a simplified list of the principal diptera capable of causing myiasis is followed by a brief presentation of the biology, lesions inflicted, and methods of treatment and control of the myiases of economic importance. cochliomyiasis caused by cochliomyia hominivorax is of greatest interest, in view of the damage and losses caused by this disease. a brief account of the outbreak of infestation in libya illustrates the danger of this parasite. other important traumatic myiases are described: that d ... | 1994 | 7711305 |
| a comparison of inflammatory exudates released from myiasis wounds on sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to lucilia cuprina. | sheep bred for resistance (r) or susceptibility (s) to fleece rot and myiasis (blowfly strike) were experimentally infected with l. cuprina larvae. exudates released from the wound site were collected during the infection at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. the exudates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and proteins were silver stained and identified by immunoblotting with specific antibody and by their isoelectric points and molecular weights. comparisons of exudate composition were ... | 1995 | 7732645 |
| a cluster of at least three esterase genes in lucilia cuprina includes malathion carboxylesterase and two other esterases implicated in resistance to organophosphates. | three distinct malathion carboxylesterase (mce) phenotypes have been identified among strains of lucilia cuprina. the high-activity phenotype shows 1.6- and 33-fold more mce specific activity than the intermediate- and low-activity phenotypes, respectively. flies with high mce activity are 1000-fold more resistant to malathion than flies with either low or intermediate mce phenotypes, which are equally susceptible. high and low mce specific activity are allelic and encoded by the rmal gene on ch ... | 1994 | 7748160 |
| leu-callatostatin gene expression in the blowflies calliphora vomitoria and lucilia cuprina studied by in situ hybridisation: comparison with leu-callatostatin confocal laser scanning immunocytochemistry. | in situ hybridisation studies using a digoxigenin-labelled dna probe encoding the leu-callatostatin prohormone of the blowflies calliphora vomitoria and lucilia cuprina have revealed a variety of neurones in the brain and thoracico-abdominal ganglion, peripheral neurosecretory neurones, and endocrine cells of the midgut. with two exceptions, the hybridising cells are the same as those previously identified in immunocytochemical studies of sections and whole-mounts using leu-callatostatin cooh-te ... | 1995 | 7781033 |
| cytokine mrna expression in skin in response to ectoparasite infection. | cellular infiltration and local cytokine mrna levels were examined during the first 48 h of infection of skin by larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. at the cellular level the response involved a dramatic influx of leucocytes (cd45+ cells). among these infiltrating cells were large numbers of granulocytes, including neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as macrophage-like cells and lymphocytes. many of the lymphocytes expressed cell surface markers characteristic of t cells including cd4, ... | 1994 | 7838594 |
| digestion of ovine immunoglobulin g in larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1995 | 8541603 |
| the immune response of sheep infected with larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina monitored via efferent lymph. | changes in lymphocyte traffic in efferent lymph from the prescapular lymph node of sheep were monitored during local primary and secondary infection with blowfly, lucilia cuprina. during primary infections the response was characterised by an increase in the output of cd4+ t cells over cd8+ t cells for the first 48 h after wound initiation. by 72 h the output of cd8+ t cells exceeded that of cd4+ t cells. during secondary infections the increased output of cd8+ t cells was more pronounced and oc ... | 1994 | 7913782 |
| resistance and the control of sheep ectoparasites. | for about 100 years australian woolgrowers have used a variety of chemicals to control blowflies, lice and other ectoparasites of sheep. while the chemicals have changed considerably the application technology has not changed very much at all. chemicals registered for use on sheep have paralleled the evolution of synthetic insecticides with the unfortunate consequence of the development of resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, following closely behind. organochlorine (diel ... | 1995 | 8635885 |
| the effect of immune and inflammatory mediators on growth of lucilia cuprina larvae in vitro. | immune and inflammatory responses occurring during dermal infestation by larvae of lucilia cuprina can retard larval growth and development. this study examined the effect of 4 classes of humoral inflammatory mediators on larval growth in an in vitro assay. mediators of plasma leakage (histamine, bradykinin, platelet-activating factor and serotonin), leucocyte chemotactic agonists (activated complement, leukotriene b4 and interleukin-8), effector molecules of immune responses (interleukin-1 beta ... | 1994 | 7915257 |
| resistance to two organophosphorus insecticides in new zealand populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | a treated-surface test was used in a bioassay to detect insecticide resistance to the organophosphorus compounds diazinon and propetamphos, in larvae of field strains of lucilia cuprina in new zealand during 1990/91 and 1991/92 (december-april). mean lc50s for both diazinon and propetamphos showed a significant increase between seasons although this is not necessarily indicative of a trend. mean lc50s for diazinon increased from 1.16 to 1.60 mg/l (p < 0.001) and for propetamphos from 0.49 to 0.5 ... | 1994 | 7949314 |
| a case of sheep strike in a neonatal lamb caused by lucilia cuprina. | | 1981 | 7336834 |
| isolation of alpha cluster esterase genes associated with organophosphate resistance in lucilia cuprina. | pcr primers designed from the alpha-esterase gene cluster of drosophila melanogaster have been used to isolate fragments from eight esterase genes in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. phylogenetic analysis suggests that three are homologues of the alpha e7, alpha e8 and alpha e9 genes of the alpha-esterase cluster of d. melanogaster. a further three are also probably alpha-esterases, whereas the remaining two more closely resemble beta-esterases. transcripts for five of the alpha-es ... | 1996 | 8799740 |
| the peritrophic membrane: its formation, structure, chemical composition and permeability in relation to vaccination against ectoparasitic arthropods. | peritrophic membrane (pm) lines the gut of many arthropods and other animals, and thus separates ingested food from the gut epithelium. its main functions are connected with its partitioning of the gut lumen into regions between which the transfer of large macromolecules and other particles is limited by its permeability properties. in the context of vaccinating mammalian hosts against parasitic arthropods. pm may either restrict penetration of ingested immune effector components within the para ... | 1994 | 8021105 |
| a cluster of esterase genes on chromosome 3r of drosophila melanogaster includes homologues of esterase genes conferring insecticide resistance in lucilia cuprina. | we identify an esterase isozyme in drosophila melanogaster, est 23, which shares biochemical, physiological, and genetic properties with esterase e3, which is involved in resistance to organophosphate insecticides in lucilia cuprina. like e3, the d. melanogaster est 23 is a membrane-bound alpha-esterase which migrates slowly toward the anode at ph 6.8. both enzymes have similar preferences for substrates with shorter acid side chain lengths. furthermore, on the basis of their high sensitivity to ... | 1994 | 8031294 |
| insecticide resistance and malathion carboxylesterase in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | resistance to the organophosphorus insecticide malathion in genetically related strains of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina was examined. separate lines of blowflies were established by homozygosis of the fourth chromosome of the parental rm strain. both the rm and the derived resistant (der-r) strains are approximately 100 times more resistant to malathion than the related susceptible der-s strain, resistance being correlated with a 45- to 50-fold increase in a malathion carboxylest ... | 1994 | 8031296 |
| the production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to lucilia cuprina larval antigens. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against three lucilia cuprina larval preparations that are unlikely to be exposed to the sheep's immune system during a normal infection. antibodies were successfully produced against a crude third instar midgut homogenate preparation (mg), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) and triton x-114 (tx) detergent extracts of first instar larvae. characterisation of the relevant antigens was performed using 1- and 2d gel electrophoresis and immunoblott ... | 1994 | 8070955 |
| selection at the diazinon resistance locus in overwintering populations of lucilia cuprina (the australian sheep blowfly). | in excess of 70 per cent mortality is observed during the overwintering stage of the life cycle of l. cuprina. the mortality is selective in the absence of a fitness modifier; phenotypes resistant to diazinon overwinter less successfully than susceptibles. in the presence of the modifier the overwintering success of all genotypes is similar. the effect is dominant. laboratory and field experiments show that selection against resistant individuals increases with time in arrested development. the ... | 1994 | 8077112 |
| rainfall and breed effects on the efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid for the prevention of fly strike and treatment of infestations of lice in long-wooled sheep. | an ivermectin-based jetting fluid was assessed for its efficacy in the prevention of blowfly strike and treatment of lice in long-wooled sheep. the ivermectin concentrate was diluted to 0.03 mg/ml and applied via a standard hand jetting technique. in insectary studies, using laboratory-reared lucilia cuprina, sheep jetted with ivermectin were protected from induced breech and body strikes for 18 weeks after treatment. merino and corriedale sheep were equally protected, as were sheep subjected to ... | 1994 | 8080404 |
| efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid for the curative treatment of blowfly strikes in sheep. | a jetting fluid containing 7.5% w/v ivermectin, which was diluted to 0.03 mg/ml in water and applied using a standard hand jetting technique, was assessed for its efficacy in treating blowfly strikes on merino sheep. strikes were induced on sheep held under insectary conditions using laboratory-reared lucilia cuprina. all struck sheep jetted at 28, 48 or 72 hours after exposure to flies were successfully treated. all 1st, 2nd and early 3rd instar larvae were killed within 24 hours of treatment. | 1994 | 8166612 |
| purification, molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). | three glutathione s-transferases from lucilia cuprina (australian sheep blowfly) pupae were purified by affinity chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. one isoenzyme was composed of m(r)-24,800 subunits, and two isoenzymes had subunits of m(r) 23,900. the m(r)-23,900 subunits showed immunological identity and were immunologically distinct from the m(r)-24,800 subunits. all three enzymes were active with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and had low activity with 1,2-dichloro-4 ... | 1994 | 8172603 |
| vaccination against lucilia cuprina: the causative agent of sheep blowfly strike. | the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, is responsible for over 80% of cases of blowfly strike in australia and the losses in production and sheep deaths due to flystrike exceed $200 million per annum. traditional methods of control are becoming less effective because of the blowfly's resistance to insecticides and thus other methods of control are necessary. in general, sheep develop very little immunity to flystrike even after repeated infestation, however vaccination against l. cuprina has shown ... | 1993 | 8270274 |
| the structure, sequence and developmental pattern of expression of the white gene in the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | we have sequenced the complete coding region of the white gene of lucilia cuprina. strong sequence identity exists between this gene and its homologue from drosophila melanogaster at both nucleotide and derived amino acid levels (68% and 78% respectively). the exon/intron structure of the two genes is also largely conserved, although the lucilia gene contains one extra intron. expression of the gene peaks during mid-pupal stage, with secondary peaks in late larval and early adult stages. compari ... | 1996 | 8933176 |
| reproductive development and survival of lucilia cuprina wiedemann when fed sheep dung containing ivermectin. | when fed dung from sheep treated with ivermectin 24 h previously, lucilia cuprina adults exhibited reduced survival, delayed ovarian development and reduced egg production. these effects were absent in dung produced 2 or more days after ivermectin treatment. such transient toxicity is ideal to restrict the evolution of resistance to this drug. this situation may change if the current practice of oral treatment is replaced by a slow-release system of administering avermectins. the avoidance of co ... | 1993 | 8346633 |
| effect of avermectin residues in sheep dung on mating of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | male and female lucilia cuprina adults were separated after emergence and then fed either dung excreted from sheep after an oral treatment with ivermectin (ivomec) or non-treated sheep dung. fresh dung (non-treated or ivermectin-treated) was collected daily and fed to adults for 6 days after drenching. after this feeding period, males and females from each feeding treatment were paired and all aspects of mating behaviour recorded. feeding on avermectin residues by adults had a significant effect ... | 1993 | 8346634 |
| comparison of an esterase associated with organophosphate resistance in lucilia cuprina with an orthologue not associated with resistance in drosophila melanogaster | orthologous e3 and est23 carboxylesterases have been enriched over 200-fold from organophosphate (op) susceptible strains of lucilia cuprina and drosophila melanogaster, respectively. mutants of e3 are associated with op resistance but no resistance mutations of est23 are known. the behaviours of the two enzymes were very similar during purification which involved differential centrifugation followed by three or four ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographic steps. nondenaturing polyacryla ... | 1996 | 8980033 |
| genetic maps of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina: linkage-group correlations with other dipteran genera. | linkage data and revised genetic maps for 72 autosomal loci in lucilia cuprina are presented. comparison of the linkage relationships of biochemically and morphologically similar mutations in ceratitis capitata, drosophila melanogaster, and musca domestica supports the hypothesis that the major linkage elements have survived relatively intact during evolution of the higher diptera. the relationship of the linkage groups of the mosquito aedes aegypti to these species is less clear. | 1993 | 8349126 |
| vaccination of sheep against larvae of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). | four first stage larval antigens from the sheep blowfly were identified using supernatants from cultures of antibody secreting cells. these partially purified larval antigens, when added to montanide isa-25 containing recombinant ovine il-1 beta (rovil-1 beta) were used to successfully vaccinate sheep against larvae of the sheep blowfly. significantly less strikes were recorded on vaccinated sheep compared to controls (p < 0.033) with surviving larvae from vaccinated sheep up to 85% smaller than ... | 1996 | 9004444 |
| identification and quantification of juvenile hormone biosynthesized by larval and adult australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | recent evidence indicates that higher dipterans biosynthesize predominantly the novel juvenile hormone (jh) bisepoxide, methyl (2e,6trans)-6,7,10,11-bisepoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecen oate (jhb3), together with a small proportion of methyl (2e,6e)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate (jhiii) and possibly its 6,7-epoxy isomer. a strategy of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) involving cool on-column gc and negative-ion chemical ionization ms has enabled the selective analysi ... | 1993 | 8353527 |
| habitat preferences and carcase colonization by sheep blowflies in the northern north island of new zealand. | in urban auckland, from september 1991 to may 1992, only six specimens of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, were collected in farmed parkland and in garden habitats. the common green blowfly, lucilia sericata, was the most common calliphorid trapped in these habitats. neither of the two lucilia species were found in native bush remnants in urban or rural areas where calliphora hilli was dominant. similarly very few l.cuprina (0.3% of the total) were trapped in rural rubbish tips in ... | 1993 | 8481532 |
| the responses of lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep, offal and bacterial cultures. | the responses of gravid female lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep urine, faeces and gut mucus, and to odours from liver/sodium sulphide mixtures was tested using a bioassay which measured the movement and probing response of walking flies. the same bioassay was used to test the response to odours from cultures of bacteria isolated from liver/sodium sulphide and liver/water mixtures. a significant movement towards odours from faeces, gut mucus and urine was observed. odours from cultures of the ... | 1997 | 9061678 |
| uptake and fate of specific antibody in feeding larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | the quantity of specific antibody ingested by larvae of lucilia cuprina and its fate after ingestion were studied in larvae grown on sheep and on an artificial diet. larvae grown to late first or early second instar on sheep vaccinated with horse myoglobin contained 66% less specific antibody detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay than larvae grown to a similar stage on an artificial diet containing 75% serum from the same sheep. a similar result was obtained when larvae were grown to mid ... | 1993 | 8481535 |
| the ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland/corpus allatum/corpus cardiacum ring complex of the australian sheep blowfly larva lucilia cuprina (wied.) (insecta: diptera). | the ultrastructure of the constituent endocrine glands within the ring complex of lucilia cuprina larvae has not been previously described. this study investigated the ring complex of mid-third instar larvae. three distinct endocrine cell types were identified: (1) prothoracic gland (ptg) cells which constituted the major cell type; (2) corpus allatum (ca) cells, localized in the anterior central region, and (3) corpus cardiacum (cc) cells, located posteriorly, ventral to the aorta. ptg cells we ... | 1993 | 8485517 |
| lucilia cuprina: inhibition of larval growth induced by immunization of host sheep with extracts of larval peritrophic membrane. | a culture system has been established to produce gram amounts of peritrophic membrane from larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. peritrophic membrane obtained from this culture has been used to immunize sheep. the immunization produced an immune response which resulted in the average weight of larvae on immunized sheep being only 50% of that of larvae grown on control sheep (p < 0.05). fractionation of the components of the peritrophic membrane followed by immunization trials showed that ... | 1993 | 8496004 |
| efficacy of dressings for killing larvae of the sheep blowfly. | resistance to organophosphorus (op) insecticides in the australian sheep blowfly has decreased the larvicidal effectiveness of several popular products used as dressings for flystrike. laboratory bioassays in which near full-size australian sheep blowfly larvae were immersed in flystrike dressings at registered concentrations for times ranging from 5 to 180 s indicated that none of the products was completely effective in killing highly op-resistant larvae. several products performed poorly, eve ... | 1995 | 8534226 |
| characterization of a major peritrophic membrane protein, peritrophin-44, from the larvae of lucilia cuprina. cdna and deduced amino acid sequences. | the peritrophic membrane is a semi-permeable chitinous matrix lining the gut of most insects and is thought to have important roles in the maintenance of insect gut structure, facilitation of digestion, and protection from invasion by microrganisms and parasites. proteins are integral components of this matrix, although the structures and functions of these proteins have not been characterized in any detail. the peritrophic membrane from the larvae of the fly lucilia cuprina, the primary agent o ... | 1996 | 8621536 |
| use of a monoclonal antibody to ovine ige for fly strike studies in sheep. | a new monoclonal raised against sheep ige was used to examine sera and wound exudates from sheep which had been struck by lucilia cuprina in the field. the antibody was also used to detect the presence of ige in sera and skin sections from sheep which had been artificially infected with fly larvae 3 times. neither total, nor l. cuprina specific circulating ige could be detected in serum or wound exudates from struck sheep. cell bound ige was, however, identified by the monoclonal in skin section ... | 1995 | 8719964 |
| a single amino acid substitution converts a carboxylesterase to an organophosphorus hydrolase and confers insecticide resistance on a blowfly. | resistance to organophosphorus (op) insecticides is associated with decreased carboxylesterase activity in several insect species. it has been proposed that the resistance may be the result of a mutation in a carboxylesterase that simultaneously reduces its carboxylesterase activity and confers an op hydrolase activity (the "mutant ali-esterase hypothesis"). in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, the association is due to a change in a specific esterase isozyme, e3, which, in resistant flies, ha ... | 1997 | 9207114 |
| activity of novel juvenoids on arthropods of veterinary importance. | different juvenile hormone mimics were compared regarding their efficacy against larval and pupal stages of the diptera aedes aegypti, musca domestica, and lucilia cuprina as well as the cat flea ctenocephalides felis. structure-activity relationship of a series of new diphenylethers was analyzed and compared to juvenoids like methoprene, hydroprene, and fenoxycarb. selected compounds were taken for a competition binding assay and their effect on jh-degradation by esterases was examined. the res ... | 1996 | 8756312 |
| cellular inflammatory responses in skin of sheep selected for resistance or susceptibility to fleece rot and fly strike. | leucocyte populations were examined in normal and inflamed skin of sheep bred for resistance (r) or susceptibility (s) to bacterial fleece rot and the common sequela, body strike caused by the dipteran parasite lucilia cuprina. no differences between r and s lines were found in numbers of neutrophils accumulating in acute inflammatory lesions induced by activated complement, leukotriene b4, interleukin (il)-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, il-8 or endotoxin from pseudomonas aeruginosa. t19+ ... | 1994 | 7970865 |
| an estimate of the number of serine protease genes expressed in sheep blowfly larvae (lucilia cuprina). | a large and diverse family of serine protease genes was identified in first-instar larval cdna of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). this complex repertoire of genes was identified via a pcr approach using highly degenerate primers based on structurally conserved regions which surround the active site his and ser residues found in all serine proteases. pcr products from entire first-instar larval cdna, or from third-instar larval salivary glands or cardia, generated using a microscale rt-pcr m ... | 1994 | 7987520 |
| the hermit transposable element of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, belongs to the hat family of transposable elements. | we report the cloning of hermit, a member of the hat family of transposable elements from the genome of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. hermit is 2716 bp long and is 49% homologous to the autonomous hobo element, hfl1, at the nucleic acid level. hermit has 15 bp terminal inverted repeats that share 10 bp with the terminal inverted repeats of hfl1. conceptual translation reveals a 583 residue open reading frame (orf) that is 64% similar and 42% identical to the hfl1 orf. however, t ... | 1996 | 8851880 |
| antibody-mediated inhibition of the growth of larvae from an insect causing cutaneous myiasis in a mammalian host. | many insects feed on blood or tissue from mammalian hosts. one potential strategy for the control of these insects is to vaccinate the host with antigens derived from the insect. the larvae of the fly lucilia cuprina feed on ovine tissue and tissue fluids causing a cutaneous myiasis associated with considerable host morbidity and mortality. a candidate vaccine antigen, peritrophin 95, was purified from the peritrophic membrane, which lines the gut of these larvae. serum from sheep vaccinated wit ... | 1997 | 9256413 |
| novel vaccines for ectoparasites. | novel vaccines against ectoparasites have the potential to be cost-effective new technology for pest control that avoids some of the real and perceived problems with insecticide and acaricide usage. nevertheless, their development is in its infancy. a vaccine against the cattle tick boophilus microplus, the world's first vaccine against an ectoparasite, is in field use in australia. considerable effort had gone into the development of a vaccine against the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina, while ot ... | 1997 | 9261979 |
| the major excretory/secretory protease from lucilia cuprina larvae is also a gut digestive protease. | the larvae of the fly lucilia cuprina excrete or secrete a chymotrypsia (lctb) onto the skin of sheep to facilitate the establishment of the larval infestation. a combination of immunoblotting and rt-pcr approaches has established that this protease is also a gut digestive protease. lctb is synthesized primarily in the cardia, a small highly specialized organ located at the anterior end of the midgut and by midgut cells. there is also some expression by the hindgut but no expression by salivary ... | 1996 | 8875307 |
| the white gene of the tephritid fruit fly bactrocera tryoni is characterized by a long untranslated 5' leader and a 12kb first intron. | a 300 bp fragment from exon 6 of the white gene of bactrocera tryoni was used to screen a b. tryoni genomic library. one positive (approximately 14 kb) insert contained exons 2-6 of white by nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity to the white genes of d. melanogaster (o'hare et al., 1984; pepling & mount, 1990). lucilia cuprina (garcia et al., 1996). ceratitis capitata (zwiebel et al., 1995) and anopheles gambiae (besansky et al., 1995). a white 5' cdna fragment containing exons 1, 2 and ... | 1997 | 9359576 |
| environmental and genetic effects on the asymmetry phenotype: diazinon resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | the asymmetry phenotype of diazinon-resistant flies lacking a fitness/asymmetry modifier (+/+; r/-) was dominant and independent of developmental temperature, larval density and diazinon concentration. asymmetry score, pooled over three bristle characters, was approximately 50% greater for these phenotypes than for those of modified genotypes (m/+; +/+) and unmodified susceptibles (+/+; s/s) reared under standard laboratory conditions. modified and susceptible phenotypes showed increased asymmet ... | 1996 | 8878688 |
| stress and asymmetry during arrested development of the australian sheep blowfly. | the dieldrin and diazinon resistance systems of the australian sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina) have been used previously to relate stress, departures from bilateral symmetry, developmental stability and relative fitness. these systems are now used to consider stress and asymmetry in a developmental context. larval to adult development is shown to be significantly impaired after arrested development at 8 degrees c, however the asymmetry score of adults of a given genotype is similar after arreste ... | 1997 | 9447731 |
| asymmetry--where evolutionary and developmental genetics meet. | the mechanisms responsible for the fine tuning of development, where the wildtype phenotype is reproduced with high fidelity, are not well understood. the difficulty in approaching this problem is the identification of mutant phenotypes indicative of a defect in these fine-tuning control mechanisms. evolutionary biologists have used asymmetry as a measure of developmental homeostasis. the rationale for this was that, since the same genome controls the development of the left and right sides of a ... | 1996 | 8885722 |