| host-parasite interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids. | there is relatively little information available concerning the physiological and biochemical interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids. in this report, we describe interactions between aphelinid parasitoids and their aleyrodid hosts that we have observed in four host-parasite systems: bemisia tabaci/encarsia formosa, trialeurodes vaporariorum/e. formosa, b. tabaci/eretmocerus mundus, and t. lauri/encarsia scapeata. in the absence of reported polydnavirus and teratocytes, these paras ... | 2005 | 16304614 |
| assessment of cross-resistance potential to neonicotinoid insecticides in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | laboratory bioassays were carried out with four neonicotinoid insecticides on multiple strains of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) to evaluate resistance and cross-resistance patterns. three imidacloprid-resistant strains and field populations from three different locations in the southwestern usa were compared in systemic uptake bioassays with acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. an imidacloprid-resistant strain (im-r) with 120-fold resistance originally collected from imperial va ... | 2005 | 16336702 |
| dna markers for identifying biotypes b and q of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and studying population dynamics. | the two most widespread biotypes of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) in southern europe and the middle east are referred to as the b and q-type, which are morphologically indistinguishable. in this study various dna markers have been developed, applied and compared for studying genetic diversity and distribution of the two biotypes. for developing sequence characterized amplified regions (scar) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (caps) techniques, single random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd ... | 2005 | 16336708 |
| closely related wolbachia strains within the pumpkin arthropod community and the potential for horizontal transmission via the plant. | phylogenetic studies have implicated frequent horizontal transmission of wolbachia among arthropod host lineages. however, the ecological routes for such lateral transfer are poorly known. we surveyed the species of two arthropod communities, one on pumpkin and the other on loofah plants, for wolbachia, constructed wsp gene phylogenies of those wolbachia strains found to infect community members, and established ecological links among infected members. four taxonomically diverse insects in the p ... | 2006 | 16598632 |
| whitefly (bemisia tabaci) genome project: analysis of sequenced clones from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous and non-viruliferous) cdna libraries. | the past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses. among the most important plant viruses to be transmitted by b. tabaci are those in the genus begomovirus (family, geminiviridae). surprisingly, little is known about the geno ... | 2006 | 16608516 |
| comparative study on biological parameters of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from varamin-iran. | during 2003 biological parameters of sweetpotato whitefly, b. tabaci (genn.) (horn. aleyrodidae) as a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals were studied. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from varamin-iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were r ... | 2005 | 16628901 |
| identification and localization of a rickettsia sp. in bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | whiteflies (homoptera: aleyrodidae) are sap-sucking insects that harbor "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum," an obligatory symbiotic bacterium which is housed in a special organ called the bacteriome. these insects are also home for a diverse facultative microbial community which may include hamiltonella, arsenophonus, fritchea, wolbachia, and cardinium spp. in this study, the bacteria associated with a b biotype of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci were characterized using molecular fing ... | 2006 | 16672513 |
| microsatellites reveal extensive geographical, ecological and genetic contacts between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment. | human-mediated bioinvasions provide the opportunity to study the early stages of contact between formerly allopatric, divergent populations of a species. however, when invasive and resident populations are morphologically similar, it may be very difficult to assess their distribution in the field, as well as the extent of ecological overlap and genetic exchanges between invasive and resident populations. we here illustrate the use of data obtained from a set of eight microsatellite markers toget ... | 2006 | 16709274 |
| bemisia tabaci transmission of specific lettuce infectious yellows virus genotypes derived from in vitro synthesized transcript-inoculated protoplasts. | bemisia tabaci transmission was demonstrated for virions derived from cloned infectious cdnas of lettuce infectious yellows virus (liyv). rna transcripts synthesized from the cdna clone of liyv rna 1 and for clones of seven genotypes (pr6, p1-1a, p1-2b, p1-2f, p1-4h, p1-5b, and p1-5d) of liyv rna 2 produced virions or virion-like particles (vlps) when inoculated to tobacco protoplasts. pr6, p1-1a, and p1-2f virions were transmissible to plants by b. tabaci and transmission frequencies ranged fro ... | 2006 | 16750548 |
| mi-1-mediated aphid resistance involves salicylic acid and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. | the tomato mi-1 gene confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.), potato aphids (macrosiphum eluphorbiae), and whiteflies (bemisia tabaci and b. tabaci biotype b). resistance to potato aphid is developmentally regulated and is not associated with induction of a hypersensitive response. the nahg transgene that eliminates endogenous salicylic acid (sa) was used to test the role of the sa signaling pathway in the resistance mediated by mi-1 to potato aphids. aphids survived longer ... | 2006 | 16776299 |
| post-transcriptional gene silencing in controlling viruses of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex. | tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is caused by a group of geminiviruses that belong to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) complex and are transmitted by the whitefly (bemisia tabaci genn.). the disease causes great yield losses in many countries throughout the mediterranean region and the middle east. in this study, the efficacy of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) to control the disease caused by tylcv complex was investigated. non-coding conserved regions from the genome ... | 2006 | 16862387 |
| effectiveness of two insect growth regulators against bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) and helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and their impact on population densities of arthropod predators in cotton in pakistan. | field efficacies of two insect growth regulators (igrs) at two recommended application rates, buprofezin at 370 and 555 g ai ha(-1) and lufenuron at 37 and 49 g ai ha(-1), were determined against the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), and the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner), in experimental plots of cotton at the directorate of cotton research, faisalabad, pakistan. adverse effects of the igrs on populations of associated arthropod predators, namely geocorids, chry ... | 2006 | 16862616 |
| pcr-based detection and partial genome sequencing indicate high genetic diversity in bangladeshi begomoviruses and their whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. | the population diversity of bangladeshi begomoviruses and their vector, bemisia tabaci was analysed by pcr-based detection and partial genome sequencing. b. tabaci adults and plants expressing symptoms of virus infection were collected from locations representing diverse agro-ecological regions of the country. universal and species-specific primers were used to detect begomoviruses in seven crops (chilli, okra, papaya, pumpkin, sponge gourd, tomato and yardlong bean) and two common weeds (agerat ... | 2007 | 16927121 |
| [spatial patterns of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) population in cotton fields]. | field investigations on the vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) population on bt cotton guokang no. 22 and non-bt cotton simian no. 3 showed that in july, no obvious difference was found in the vertical distribution of b. tabaci population on cotton plant, but in august, the population density was significantly higher on the upper part of cotton plant than on its middle and lower parts. the horizontal distribution patterns of b. tabaci adult and nymph were ... | 2006 | 17044499 |
| effect of cotton cultivar on performance of aphis gossypii (homoptera: aphididae) in iran. | cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover (homoptera: aphididae), obtained from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields in the gorgan region of northern iran, were colonized on 'varamin' cotton plants in a growth chamber. the development, survivorship, and life table parameters of the cotton aphid were evaluated at 27.5 +/- 1 degrees c, 65 +/- 10% rh, and aphotoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h of artificial light on five commonly growing cotton cultivars: varamin, 'sealand' (relatively resistant cultivar), 'bak ... | 2006 | 17066818 |
| the broadly insecticidal photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex a (tca): activity against the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | toxin complex a (tca), a high molecular weight insecticidal protein complex produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens, has been found to be orally toxic to both the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci biotype b. the 48 hour lc50 for tca against neonate l. decemlineata was found to be 2.7 ppm, and the growth of 2nd instar l. decemlineata exposed to tca for 72 hours was almost entirely inhibited at concentration ... | 2005 | 17119614 |
| sublethal effects of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes) on the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) under laboratory conditions. | sublethal effects were evaluated in subsequent generations of whiteflies bemisia tabaci (gennadius) arising from parental generations exposed in the four nymphal stages to the fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin. examples of such effects include impaired fertility, production of malformations or external variations, and reduced survival of later generations. malformations of the head, legs, wings or abdomen were not observed in adults derived from treated nymphs, nor were negative effe ... | 2006 | 17146585 |
| vector-virus mutualism accelerates population increase of an invasive whitefly. | the relationships between plant viruses, their herbivore vectors and host plants can be beneficial, neutral, or antagonistic, depending on the species involved. this variation in relationships may affect the process of biological invasion and the displacement of indigenous species by invaders when the invasive and indigenous organisms occur with niche overlap but differ in the interactions. the notorious invasive b biotype of the whitefly complex bemisia tabaci entered china in the late 1990s an ... | 2007 | 17264884 |
| purification and characterization of recombinant ligand-binding domains from the ecdysone receptors of four pest insects. | cloned ecr and usp cdnas encoding the ecdysone receptors of four insect pests (lucilia cuprina, myzus persicae, bemisia tabaci, helicoverpa armigera) were manipulated to allow the co-expression of their ligand binding domains (lbds) in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. recombinant de/f segment pairs (and additionally, for h. armigera, an e/f segment pair) from the ecr and usp proteins associated spontaneously with high affinity to form heterodimers that avidly bound an ecdysteroid ligand. ... | 2007 | 17275327 |
| biotype status and genetic polymorphism of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in greece: mitochondrial dna and microsatellites. | the genetic polymorphism and the biotype identity of the tobacco whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) have been studied in population samples taken from different localities within greece from cultivated plants growing in greenhouses or in open environments and from non-cultivated plants. two different approaches were used: sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) gene and genotyping using microsatellite markers. analyses of the mtcoi sequences revealed a high homogeneity betw ... | 2007 | 17298679 |
| making a friend from a foe: expressing a groel gene from the whitefly bemisia tabaci in the phloem of tomato plants confers resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | some (perhaps all) plant viruses transmitted in a circulative manner by their insect vectors avoid destruction in the haemolymph by interacting with groel homologues, ensuring transmission. we have previously shown that the phloem-limited begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) interacts in vivo and in vitro with groel produced by the whitefly vector bemisia tabaci. in this study, we have exploited this phenomenon to generate transgenic tomato plants expressing the whitefly groel in th ... | 2007 | 17334947 |
| the mi-1-mediated pest resistance requires hsp90 and sgt1. | the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) mi-1 gene encodes a protein with putative coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat motifs. mi-1 confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.), potato aphids (macrosiphum euphorbiae), and sweet potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci). to identify genes required in the mi-1-mediated resistance to nematodes and aphids, we used tobacco rattle virus (trv)-based virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) to repress candidate genes and assay for nem ... | 2007 | 17351050 |
| pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests and its biosafety to non-target organisms. | microbial control is receiving more attention, since these alternative tactics, compared to chemical control methods, are energy saving, non polluting, ecologically sound and sustainable. a mycopathogen, fusarium semitectum berk. and rav. (arsef 7233) was isolated from diseased cadavers of aphid (aphis gossypii) and cultured in saboraud maltose agar supplemented with yeast extract medium (smay). being isolated first time from the chilli ecosystem its potential was evaluated. experiments were con ... | 2006 | 17385514 |
| detection by rapd-pcr of polymorphism in populations of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from iran. | the sweetpotato whitefly, bernisia tabaci (genn.) (hom: aleyrodidae) is a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals in iran. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucurnis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were released separately into a large cage set ... | 2006 | 17385530 |
| typing of tomato yellow leaf curl viruses and their vector in italy. | a molecular survey of tylcv/tylcsv and their associated vector bemisia tabaci, was performed during 2004-2005 in five regions of southern italy: i.e. sardinia (one locations), sicily (one location), calabria (three locations), campania (two locations) and basilicata (one location). a total of 71 tomato samples were checked for virus infection and for the presence of the vector. degenerate primers allowing the amplification of the coat protein gene of both tylcsv and tylcv isolates were designed. ... | 2006 | 17390884 |
| integrated management of tylcv/tylcsv on greenhouse hydroponic tomatoes in southern italy. | tomato yellow leaf curl (tylc) caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv), vectored by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, is a major disease of tomato in sardinia and sicily, and is becoming a serious threat in southern italy too. tylcsv was first reported in calabria region in 1991, but apparently it was an occasional outbreak, and b. tabaci was not detected. later, during the 2003-2004 winter, a serious epidemic was observed in protected tomat ... | 2006 | 17390886 |
| pest-managing activities of plant extracts and anthraquinones from cassia nigricans from burkina faso. | insecticidal activity of eight plants collected from burkina faso was studied using mosquito (ochlerotatus triseriatus), helicoverpa zea and heliothis virescens larvae and adult white fly (bemisia tabaci). the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of pseudocedrela kotschyi, strophantus hispidus, securidaca longepedunculata, sapium grahamii, swartzia madagascariensis, cassia nigricans, jatropha curcas and datura innoxia were used in this study. extracts were tested at 250 microg/ml concen ... | 2008 | 17478091 |
| a multiplex pcr method discriminating between the tylcv and tylcv-mld clades of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is one of the causal agents of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) and can cause up to 100% yield losses in tomato fields. as tylcv continues to spread, many isolates have been described in different parts of the world. recently two closely related but distinct tylcv clades, called tylcv and tylcv-mld, have been identified. isolates from those two clades differ mainly in the nucleotide sequences of their replication associated protein genes but do not di ... | 2007 | 17485124 |
| prevalence of wolbachia infection in bemisia tabaci. | wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria present in reproductive tissues of many arthropod species. it has been reported that few silverleafing populations of bemisia tabaci were positive for wolbachia, whereas non-silverleafing populations were more likely infected with wolbachia and all that infect b. tabaci are wolbachia belonging to supergroup b. however, current detection methods were shown to be not sensitive enough to uncover all infections. herein, a protocol based on polymerase cha ... | 2007 | 17487529 |
| ligand binding by recombinant domains from insect ecdysone receptors. | the ligand binding domains (lbds) from the ecr and usp proteins of four insect pests (lucilia cuprina, myzus persicae, bemisia tabaci, helicoverpa armigera) were purified as recombinant heterodimers. the k(d) values for [(3)h]-ponasterone a binding by lbd heterodimers that included the hinge regions (i.e., de/f heterodimers) ranged 0.7-2.5 nm, with k(i) values for ecdysteroid and dibenzoylhydrazine ligands ranging from 0.1 nm to >448 microm. the k(d) and k(i) values for a recombinant h. armigera ... | 2007 | 17517338 |
| rnai-mediated resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in genetically engineered common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). | bean golden mosaic virus (bgmv) is transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, causing the golden mosaic of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). the characteristic symptoms are yellow-green mosaic of leaves, stunted growth, or distorted pods. the disease is the largest constraint to bean production in latin america and causes severe yield losses (40 to 100%). here, we explored the concept of using an rna interference construct to silence the sequence region of ... | 2007 | 17555279 |
| development of real-time rt-pcr assays for the detection of cucumber vein yellowing virus (cvyv) and cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (cysdv) in the whitefly vector bemisia tabaci. | reverse transcription followed by real-time pcr assays based on taqman chemistry have been developed for the detection and quantification of cucumber vein yellowing virus (cvyv) and cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (cysdv) in individual adults of the whitefly vector bemisia tabaci. the method includes an internal control for the detection of a gene from b. tabaci to compensate for variations in extraction efficiency. the assays designed were used to estimate proportions of viruliferous wh ... | 2007 | 17624449 |
| biotype-dependent secondary symbiont communities in sympatric populations of bemisia tabaci. | the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, harbors portiera aleyrodidarum, an obligatory symbiotic bacterium, as well as several secondary symbionts including rickettsia, hamiltonella, wolbachia, arsenophonus, cardinium and fritschea, the function of which is unknown. bemisia tabaci is a species complex composed of numerous biotypes, which may differ from each other both genetically and biologically. only the b and q biotypes have been reported from israel. secondary symbiont infection frequenci ... | 2007 | 17645822 |
| toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four insect parasitoids attacking citrus and cotton pests. | laboratory studies were carried out to compare the toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four species of adult beneficial insects representing two families of hymenoptera: aphelinidae (aphytis melinus debach, eretmocerus eremicus rose & zolnerowich, and encarsiaformosa gahan) and mymaridae (gonatocerus ashmeadi girault) that attack california red scale, aonidiella aurantii (maskell); sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (both e. eremicus and e. formosa); and glassy-winged sharpsho ... | 2007 | 17849851 |
| effects of proportion and configuration of bacillus thuringiensis cotton on pest abundance, damage, and yield. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., kills several economically important pests, reducing injury and increasing yields. refuges of non-bt cotton are currently planted with bt cotton in different designs to slow pest resistance evolution. to compare the effects of differences in bt/non-bt plant heterogeneity found in different refuge designs on square (flower bud) damage, abscissions, sap-feeding herbivore densities, and yield in cotton, four types of 24-row cotto ... | 2007 | 17849898 |
| a divergent isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from oman with an associated dna beta satellite: an evolutionary link between asian and the middle eastern virus-satellite complexes. | tomato is cultivated in the coastal region of al-batinah, in the sultanate of oman, during the winter season, to meet the high demand for fresh produce in the domestic market. in order to identify the causal agent of a widespread disease associated with infestations of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (genn.) leaves were collected from tomato plants showing symptoms characteristic of the disease in al-batinah during 2004 and 2005. total nucleic acids were isolated from the tomato leaves and used as t ... | 2008 | 17932737 |
| expression of stress-response proteins upon whitefly-mediated inoculation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in susceptible and resistant tomato plants. | to better understand the nature of resistance of tomato to the whitefly (bemisia tabaci, b biotype)-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), whiteflies and tylcv were considered as particular cases of biotic stresses and virus resistance as a particular case of successful response to these stresses. two inbred tomato lines issued from the same breeding program that used solanum habrochaites as a tylcv resistance source, one susceptible and the other resistant, were used to compare the ... | 2007 | 17977149 |
| asymmetric mating interactions drive widespread invasion and displacement in a whitefly. | the role of behavioral mechanisms in animal invasions is poorly understood. we show that asymmetric mating interactions between closely related but previously allopatric genetic groups of the whitefly bemisia tabaci, a haplodiploid species, have been a driving force contributing to widespread invasion and displacement by alien populations. we conducted long-term field surveys, caged population experiments, and detailed behavioral observations in zhejiang, china, and queensland, australia, to inv ... | 2007 | 17991828 |
| genetic structure of the invasive pest bemisia tabaci: evidence of limited but persistent genetic differentiation in glasshouse populations. | the geographic range of plant pests can be modified by the use of glasshouses. bemisia tabaci, originating from warm to hot climates, has been shown to be a complex of distinct genetic groups with very limited gene flow. the genetic structure of this pest was studied in glasshouses in southern france, a region beyond the northern limit of its open-field development area in europe. seven microsatellite loci were scored in 22 populations sampled from various regions over 3 years. two genetic group ... | 2008 | 18073781 |
| biotype status and distribution of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in shandong province of china based on mitochondrial dna markers. | bemisia tabaci has caused significant crop losses in china during the last decade. recent research has shown that two potentially invasive variants, biotypes b and q, have been found in several regions of china. our objective was to determine the biotype status and the distribution of b. tabaci in shandong province, an important agricultural region of china. based on mitochondrial dna markers, both biotypes b and q were detected, with b being the predominant biotype. the results indicate that th ... | 2007 | 18284755 |
| inherited intracellular ecosystem: symbiotic bacteria share bacteriocytes in whiteflies. | symbiotic relationships with bacteria are common within the arthropoda, with interactions that substantially influence the biology of both partners. the symbionts' spatial distribution is essential for understanding key aspects of this relationship, such as bacterial transmission, phenotype, and dynamics. in this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize five secondary symbionts from various populations and biotypes of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci: hamiltonella, ... | 2008 | 18285399 |
| [wolbachia extensively harbored by bemisia tabaci in china]. | wolbachia are a group of maternally inherited bacteria harbored by a variety of arthropods and can manipulate the reproductivity of their hosts. eighteen populations of whiteflies were collected from hebei, xinjiang, beijing, shandong, zhejiang, guangxi, hainan, guangzhou and fujian provinces, china. these whiteflies were molecularly identified using internal transcribed spacer 1 its1 rdna sequences. they were then detected for wolbachia infection using wolbachia-specific primers designed based ... | 2008 | 18338578 |
| [occurrence of stethorus (stethotrus) minutalus gordon & chapin (coleoptera: coccinellidae) preying bemisia tabaci biotype b (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) on cotton plant in brazil]. | this report has the objective of registering, for the first time in brazil, the predator stethorus (stethorus) minutalus gordon & chapin (scymninae, stethorini). larvae and adults were observed feeding on eggs and nymphs of the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius biotype b (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), on cotton plants under greenhouse condition in piracicaba, sp. probably, this coccinelid is an introduced species in the country. | 2008 | 18368255 |
| molecular identification and the complete nucleotide sequence of tylcv isolate from shanghai of china. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) belongs to the genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae. it is transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. a pair of primers was designed according to the specific sequence of the tylcv gene and used in the pcr detection of the virus in the infected tissues of tomato grown in the shanghai area of china. dna was extracted from leaves, fruits, seeds, and roots of infected tomato plants separately. the results showed that the target fragment of about 570 bp coul ... | 2008 | 18373188 |
| three years survey of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus reservoir weed hosts in southern italy. | during the period from august 2004 to june 2006 a serious tomato yellow leaf curl epidemic caused by both tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcs) was observed in protected tomato crops in castrovillari, calabria region, in a group of greenhouses where tomato is grown hydroponically. a three years survey for reservoir weed hosts of these viruses was performed during summer period in order to identify where the viruses persist during the host-free ... | 2007 | 18396845 |
| relationship between tomato yellow leaf curl viruses and the whitefly vector. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and tomato leaf curl virus (tolcv) are the currently known begomoviruses in uganda. the relationship with their whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) vector and its management were not known in uganda. a direct relationship was expected between these begomoviruses and whiteflies at buwama in mpigi district of uganda. farmer practices were expected to have limited efficacy. to investigate this, a completely randomised block design was used for all trials with six treat ... | 2007 | 18396846 |
| an approach for ipm program to control sucking pests infesting garden bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in egypt. | an approach to eatablish ipm program for some sucking pests infesting garden beans plants was carried out in two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 under field conditions in alexandria, egypt. the sucking pests included the aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae), the white fly, bemisia tabaci genn. (homoptera: aleyroidae) and the spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, carbosulfan, abamectin, azadirachtin and the detergent (masrol 410) were tested for their ... | 2007 | 18399490 |
| the presence of rickettsia is associated with increased susceptibility of bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) to insecticides. | the presence of certain symbiotic microorganisms may be associated with insecticide resistance in insects. the authors compared the susceptibility of two isofemale lines, rickettsia-plus and rickettsia-free, of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) to major insecticides from different chemical groups, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen and diafenthiuron. | 2008 | 18432613 |
| [biological aspects of bemisia tabaci (genn.) b biotype (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) on six bean genotypes]. | the silverleaf whitefly is one of the most harmful pests that attack bean crops, mainly for extracting large quantities of phloem sap and transmitting the bean golden mosaic virus. resistant germoplasm plants can be an important method for controlling this pest. the biological aspects of bemisia tabaci b biotype on bean (phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were evaluated. the tests were conducted under laboratory conditions, with the following genotypes: arc 1, arc 3s, arc 5s, g13028, g11056 and porri ... | 2008 | 18506300 |
| field efficacy of azadirachtin-a, tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, neemazal and endosulfan against key pests of okra (abelmoschus esculentus). | background unlike synthetic pesticides, azadirachtin-based neem pesticides are environmentally friendly and are well known for their diverse pest control properties. their use is, however, limited by the instability of azadirachtin, necessitating application at short intervals. the efficacy of relatively stable tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, therefore, needed to be established under field conditions. results: azadirachtin-a (aza-a), its stable derivative tetrahydroazadirachtin-a (tha) and other neem ... | 2008 | 18537118 |
| parasitization by the wasp eretmocerus mundus induces transcription of genes related to immune response and symbiotic bacteria proliferation in the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), and the viruses it transmits, are a major constraint to growing vegetable crops worldwide. although the whitefly is often controlled using chemical pesticides, biological control agents constitute an important component in integrated pest management programs, especially in protected agriculture. one of these agents is the wasp eretmocerus mundus (mercet) (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). e. mundus lays its egg on the leaf underneath the ... | 2008 | 18638407 |
| [development and reproduction of b-biotype bemisia tabaci on four cucurbitaceous host plants]. | the study on the development and reproduction of b-biotype bemisia tabaci on four cucurbitaceous host plants, i. e., cucumber, hairy gourd, bitter cucumber, and sponge gourd, showed that the one generation development duration of b. tabaci was the shortest (19.3 d) on hairy gourd and the longest (29.0 d) on bitter cucumber, the survival rate from egg to adult was the highest (92.85%) on cucumber and the lowest (53.08%) on bitter cucumber, the laid eggs were the most (187.4 eggs per female) on cu ... | 2008 | 18655599 |
| age-specific expression of resistance to a neonicotinoid insecticide in the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | neonicotinoid insecticides retain a crucial role within many chemical and integrated control strategies for the tobacco whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, in spite of the establishment of potent and widespread resistance in many areas. metabolic resistance mechanisms mediated by overexpression of p450-dependent monooxygenases have been implicated in neonicotinoid resistance in the two most prevalent b. tabaci biotypes. further characterisation of resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in ... | 2008 | 18798168 |
| phenotypic expression, stability, and inheritance of a recessive resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomato. | tomato-infecting begomoviruses comprise a complex of monopartite and bipartite virus species that cause severe yield and quality losses worldwide. therefore, the availability of wide spectrum resistance for begomovirus control is desirable. however, limited sources of resistance are available. in this study, three tomato inbred lines with resistance to bipartite begomoviruses of brazil were tested for resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (ty ... | 2008 | 18943231 |
| emergence of a new cucurbit-infecting begomovirus species capable of forming viable reassortants with related viruses in the squash leaf curl virus cluster. | abstract cucurbit leaf curl virus (culcv), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus previously partially characterized from the southwestern united states and northern mexico, was identified as a distinct bipartite begomovirus species. this virus has near sequence identity with the previously partially characterized cucurbit leaf crumple virus from california. experimental and natural host range studies indicated that culcv has a relatively broad host range within the family cucurbitaceae and also inf ... | 2002 | 18943269 |
| pepper (capsicum annuum) is a dead-end host for tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | abstract tomato yellow leaf curl (tylc) is one of the most devastating pathogens affecting tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. the disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, two of which, tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), are responsible for epidemics in southern spain. tylcv also has been reported to cause severe damage to common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) crops. pepper (capsicum annuum) plants collected from commercial ... | 2005 | 18943307 |
| genetic and phenotypic variation of the pepper golden mosaic virus complex. | abstract three isolates of the bipartite begomovirus pepper golden mosaic virus (pepgmv) were characterized for genomic and biological properties. the complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a and dna-b components were determined from infectious clones of pepgmv-serrano (pepgmv-ser), pepgmv-mosaic (pepgmv-mo), and pepgmv-distortion (pepgmv-d). nucleotide sequence identity among pepgmv components ranged from 91 to 96% for dna-a and from 84 to 99% for dna-b, with each pepgmv component most closel ... | 2005 | 18943475 |
| nucleotide sequencing, whitefly transmission, and screening tomato for resistance against two newly described begomoviruses in bangladesh. | abstract the molecular diversity of tomato leaf curl viruses (tolcvs), from the two main tomato growing areas of jessore and joydebpur, bangladesh, was investigated. the viral dna was amplified from tomato plants exhibiting mild and severe symptoms by polymerase chain reaction, and the complete genomes of the tolcvs were sequenced. an isolate of the bipartite tomato leaf curl new delhi virus-severe (tolcndv-svr) was associated with the severe symptom phenotype from jessore (tolcndv-svr[jes]). a ... | 2005 | 18943559 |
| a recessive allele (tgr-1) conditioning tomato resistance to geminivirus infection is associated with impaired viral movement. | abstract begomoviruses (the family geminiviridae) are transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci and contain monopartite or bipartite circular single-stranded (ss)dna genomes. they have emerged as severe problems in the production of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. here, we report the identification of a tomato breeding line, fla653, that confers a high level of resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (tlcv, monopartite). genetic analysis indicated that the resistance is controlled ... | 2007 | 18943632 |
| tomato leaf curl karnataka virus from bangalore, india, appears to be a recombinant begomovirus. | abstract the genome of tomato leaf curl virus (tolcv) from bangalore, india, a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus, was cloned (pind9) and sequenced. the circular dna of 2,759 nucleotides (u38239) is organized similarly to that of other begomoviruses with monopartite genomes. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of pind9 with other tomato-associated begomoviruses from india (tomato leaf curl bangalore virus [tolcbv, z48182]) and tomato leaf curl new delhi virus-severe (tolcndv-svr, u15015) showed ... | 2002 | 18944261 |
| identification and characterization of a novel whitefly-transmitted member of the family potyviridae isolated from cucurbits in florida. | abstract a novel whitefly-transmitted member of the family potyviridae was isolated from a squash plant (cucurbita pepo) with vein yellowing symptoms in florida. the virus, for which the name squash vein yellowing virus (sqvyv) is proposed, has flexuous rod-shaped particles of approximately 840 nm in length. the experimental host range was limited to species in the family cucurbitaceae, with the most dramatic symptoms observed in squash and watermelon, but excluded all tested species in the fami ... | 2007 | 18944369 |
| rate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus translocation in the circulative transmission pathway of its vector, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | abstract whiteflies (bemisia tabaci, biotype b) were able to transmit tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) 8 h after they were caged with infected tomato plants. the spread of tylcv during this latent period was followed in organs thought to be involved in the translocation of the virus in b. tabaci. after increasing acquisition access periods (aaps) on infected tomato plants, the stylets, the head, the midgut, a hemolymph sample, and the salivary glands dissected from individual insects were s ... | 2001 | 18944393 |
| biological and molecular properties of a begomovirus from dicliptera sexangularis. | abstract sixangle foldwing, dicliptera sexangularis (acanthaceae), showing severe yellow mottle and leaf distortion symptoms was collected from the shoreline of calusa island (lee county, fl). the putative virus was transmitted from infected d. sexangularis to healthy seedlings by mechanical, whitefly (bemisia tabaci biotype b), and graft-inoculations. different forms of geminivirus-like dnas were detected in total dna extracted from infected plants by southern blot hybridization analyses using ... | 2000 | 18944491 |
| watermelon chlorotic stunt virus from the sudan and iran: sequence comparisons and identification of a whitefly-transmission determinant. | abstract the genomes of two watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (wmcsv) isolates, one from the sudan and one from iran, were cloned and sequenced. sequence relationship with other geminiviruses characterizes wmcsv as a typical eastern hemisphere geminivirus with a bipartite genome. the two geographically distant wmcsv isolates from africa and the middle east share a very high overall sequence similarity: 98% between their dna-a and 96% between their dna-b components, and their respective capsid pro ... | 2000 | 18944543 |
| displacement of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-sr by tylcv-is in tomato epidemics in spain. | abstract a progressive displacement of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-sr by tylcv-is was observed in tomato epidemics in southern spain based on incidence data of both virus species obtained during surveys conducted between 1996 and 1998. ecological factors that might be involved in such a displacement, such as competition of tylcv-sr and tylcv-is in tomato, transmission by local biotypes (b and q) of bemisia tabaci, and presence in weeds and alternate crops, have been analyzed. no select ... | 1999 | 18944659 |
| molecular characterization of the cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus coat protein gene. | abstract cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (cysdv) is a partially characterized bipartite closterovirus transmitted by the tobacco whitefly (bemisia tabaci). cysdv has emerged as a serious pathogen in southeastern spain and the mediterranean region, causing yellowing disease of cucumber and melon crops. using a modified reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction protocol with gel-extracted dsrna templates, fragments of cysdv rna2 were amplified and cloned. sequence analysis of the clo ... | 1999 | 18944661 |
| tracing the geminivirus-whitefly transmission pathway by polymerase chain reaction in whitefly extracts, saliva, hemolymph, and honeydew. | abstract a membrane feeding system and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were used to track squash leaf curl virus (slcv) dna in whole whitefly body extracts and in saliva, honeydew, and hemolymph of its whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci, and a whitefly nonvector, trialeurodes vaporariorum. slcv ingestion was monitored by pcr in whiteflies that were given acquisition access periods (aaps) ranging from 0.5 to 96 h on virus-infected plants. slcv detection by pcr in whole body extracts was considered r ... | 1999 | 18944765 |
| biotic, molecular, and phylogenetic characterization of bean calico mosaic virus, a distinct begomovirus species with affiliation in the squash leaf curl virus cluster. | abstract bean calico mosaic virus (bcmov), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus from sonora, mexico, was purified, and the genome components were cloned and sequenced. purified viral fractions and cloned genome components were infectious by biolistic inoculation to bean, completing koch's postulates for both. the b biotype of the whitefly bemisia tabaci efficiently transmitted both native virus and progeny virus derived from cloned dna inoculum. host ranges of native virus and of progeny virus der ... | 1999 | 18944770 |
| tomato chlorosis virus: a new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato. | abstract tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) is the second whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. tocv is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. ticv is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas tocv is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (t. abutilonea), and bemisia t ... | 1998 | 18944918 |
| sinaloa tomato leaf curl geminivirus: biological and molecular evidence for a new subgroup iii virus. | abstract the biological and molecular properties of sinaloa tomato leaf curl virus (stlcv) were investigated in line with the hypothesis that stlcv is a previously uncharacterized, whitefly-transmitted geminivirus from north america. stlcv causes yellow leaf curl symptoms in tomato and yellow-green foliar mottle in pepper. five species belonging to two plant families were stlcv experimental hosts. stlcv had a persistent relationship with its whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. polymerase chain reac ... | 1998 | 18944936 |
| quantitation over time of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus dna in its whitefly vector. | abstract the amount of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (tylcv) dna that accumulated in the vector bemisia tabaci was studied by quantitative chemiluminescent dot-blot assay, using digoxigenin-labeled specific dna probes. large groups of female whiteflies were allowed to feed for 4, 12, 24, or 48 h on tylcv-infected tomato plants and then were transferred to tylcv-immune cucumber plants. insects were sampled at different times during and after acquisition access and tested for tylcv-dna conte ... | 1997 | 18945078 |
| post-release evaluation of eretmocerus hayati zolnerowich and rose in australia. | bemisia tabaci biotype b is a significant pest of agriculture world-wide. it was first detected in australia in 1994. assessments of the potential of parasitoids already present in australia to control this pest indicated that two species of eretmocerus and 11 species of encarsia were present, but they did not exert sufficient control with a combined average of 5.0+/-0.3% apparent parasitism of 4th instars. further, only 25% of samples containing biotype b had parasitised individuals present. th ... | 2009 | 18947454 |
| co-infection by two criniviruses alters accumulation of each virus in a host-specific manner and influences efficiency of virus transmission. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv), and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv), family closteroviridae, genus crinivirus, cause interveinal chlorosis, leaf brittleness, and limited necrotic flecking or bronzing on tomato leaves. both viruses cause a decline in plant vigor and reduce fruit yield, and are emerging as serious production problems for field and greenhouse tomato growers in many parts of the world. the viruses have been found together in tomato, indicating that infection by one criniviru ... | 2008 | 19000010 |
| toxicities of destruxins against bemisia tabaci and its natural enemy, serangium japonicum. | the bioactivities of destruxins against whitefly, bemisia tabaci and its natural enemy, ladybird beetle serangium japonicum were evaluated. destruxins a and b (da and db) showed insignificant ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and systemic insecticidal activities to b. tabaci; however, da and db had certain contact virulence to its nymphs. the lc(50) values of da at 120h to 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were 89.8 (95% confidence interval as 85.4-94.4), 199.3 (187.7-211.5) and 270.7 (251.5-291.5)mg/l, wh ... | 2009 | 19000916 |
| biochemical and molecular analysis of deltamethrin resistance in the common bed bug (hemiptera: cimicidae). | this study establishes deltamethrin resistance in a common bed bug, cimex lectularius l., population collected from new york city (ny-bb). the ny-bb population was 264-fold more resistant to 1% deltamethrin in contact bioassay compared with an insecticide-susceptible population collected in florida (fl-bb). general esterase, glutathione s-transferase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase activities of ny-bb were not statistically different from those of fl-bb. cdna fragments that encoded the open r ... | 2008 | 19058634 |
| prey species preference of the predator serangium parcesetosum sicard (col., coccinellidae) and its interaction with another natural enemy. | this study aimed to determine serangium parcesetosum preference for different prey species and parasitized bemisia tabaci (genn.) (hom., aleyrodidae) by the parasitoid, eretmocerus mundus mercet (hym., aphelinidae). the results on s. parcesetosum preference by feeding on different prey species offered separately and together indicated that the predatory larvae and adults preferred significantly the cotton whitefly, b. tabaci and the castor bean whitefly, trialeurodes ricini (misra) (hom., aleyro ... | 2007 | 19070175 |
| thermal effect on the biology and life tables of bemisia tabaci gennadius (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | the life history and life table of bemisia tabaci gennadius on cucumber was studied under laboratory conditions at 20, 25 and 30 degrees c. the overall developmental time varied from 34.8 days at 20 degrees c to 14.1 days at 30 degrees c. immature mortality decreased from 45.8 to 17.3% with increasing temperature. the threshold temperatures of egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th nymphal stage and a generation were 14.72, 14.36, 10.18, 11.40, 14.36 and 13.07 degrees c whereas the degree-day requirement at ... | 2007 | 19090279 |
| current status of insecticide resistance in q biotype bemisia tabaci populations from crete. | a major problem of crop protection in crete, greece, is the control of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. the aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. | 2009 | 19115232 |
| effects of temperature and culture media on vegetative growth of an entomopathogenic fungus isaria sp. (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) naturally affecting the whitefly, bemisia tabaci in texas. | the effects of temperature and mycological media on mycelial growth and estimates of spore production of an indigenous entomopathogenic fungus, isaria sp., found during natural epizootics on whiteflies in the lower rio grande valley of texas, were investigated. the radial growth (mm/day) of isaria sp. as a function of temperature fits a linear model; with faster growth on sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract, sday slopes (0.23) than on sabouraud maltose agar, sma slopes (0.14) from 20 to 3 ... | 2009 | 19125352 |
| invasive mechanism and management strategy of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b: progress report of 973 program on invasive alien species in china. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b, called a "superbug", is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide. in this report, the invasive mechanism and management of b. tabaci biotype b, based on our 5-year studies, are presented. six b. tabaci biotypes, b, q, zhj1, zhj2, zhj3 and fj1, have been identified in china. biotype b dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country. genetic diversity in biotype b might be induced by host plant, geographical conditions, an ... | 2009 | 19152088 |
| newer insecticides for plant virus disease management. | effective management of insect and mite vectors of plant pathogens is of crucial importance to minimize vector-borne diseases in crops. pesticides play an important role in managing vector populations by reducing the number of individuals that can acquire and transmit a virus, thereby potentially lowering disease incidence. certain insecticides exhibit properties other than lethal toxicity that affect feeding behaviours or otherwise interfere with virus transmission. to evaluate the potential of ... | 2009 | 19152818 |
| first report and differential colonization of passiflora species by the b biotype of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in brazil. | this note is the first report of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b colonizing passionvine in brazil. we examined the colonization of nine passiflora species by a wild b type population under greenhouse conditions. p. amethystina mikan was the most preferred species for oviposition and colonization, whereas p. suberosa l., p. coriacea juss. and two commercially cultivated species, p. alata curtis and p. edulis sims f. flavicarpa degener, were mostly uncolonised. p. morifolia mast., p. cincinna ... | 2008 | 19169568 |
| first record of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) on pepper in italy. | during a survey in summer 2007, a disease of pepper (capsicum annuum) under plastic tunnels was observed in policoro (matera), on the ionic coast of basilicata region, with a disease incidence in some cases of more than 50%. affected cultivars were eppo and almund (s et g). the diseased plants exhibited light mosaic or mottling, leaf distortion, interveinal and marginal leaf chlorosis, upward curling of leaf margins of older leaves. the causal pathogen was suspected to be a begomovirus due to th ... | 2008 | 19226766 |
| almost there: transmission routes of bacterial symbionts between trophic levels. | many intracellular microbial symbionts of arthropods are strictly vertically transmitted and manipulate their host's reproduction in ways that enhance their own transmission. rare horizontal transmission events are nonetheless necessary for symbiont spread to novel host lineages. horizontal transmission has been mostly inferred from phylogenetic studies but the mechanisms of spread are still largely a mystery. here, we investigated transmission of two distantly related bacterial symbionts--ricke ... | 2009 | 19274091 |
| molecular detection and identification of rickettsia endosymbiont in different biotypes of bemisia tabaci. | | 2009 | 19281454 |
| [monitoring the susceptibility to insecticides in bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) populations from brazil]. | monitoring the susceptibility of a pest population to pesticides is essential for resistance management programs. the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability in pesticide susceptibility in populations of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) collected from different brazilian agricultural regions through the use of two different tests. four whitefly populations, two from goiás state (go-1 and go-2) e two from bahia state (ba-1 and ba-2), were tested against a susceptible referenc ... | 2009 | 19347105 |
| identification of a mutation in the para-sodium channel gene of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus associated with resistance to synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. | resistance against synthetic pyrethroid (sp) products for the control of cattle ticks in australia was detected in the field in 1984, within a very short time of commercial introduction. we have identified a mutation in the domain ii s4-5 linker of the para-sodium channel that is associated with resistance to sps in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from australia. the cytosine to adenine mutation at position 190 in the r. microplus sequence af134216, results in an amino acid s ... | 2009 | 19367831 |
| a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for localization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and potato leafroll virus in plant and insect vectors. | a simple, rapid, inexpensive method for the localization of virus transcripts in plant and insect vector tissues is reported here. the method based on fluorescent in situ hybridization using short dna oligonucleotides complementary to an rna segment representing a virus transcript in the infected plant or insect vector. the dna probe harbors a fluorescent molecule at its 5' or 3' ends. the protocol: simple fixation, hybridization, minimal washing and confocal microscopy, provides a highly specif ... | 2009 | 19406154 |
| synergistic interaction between the potyvirus, turnip mosaic virus and the crinivirus, lettuce infectious yellows virus in plants and protoplasts. | lettuce infectious yellows virus (liyv), the type member of the genus crinivirus in the family closteroviridae, is specifically transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci) in a semipersistent manner. liyv infections result in a low virus titer in plants and protoplasts, impeding reverse genetic efforts to analyze liyv gene/protein functions. we found that synergistic interactions occurred in mixed infections of liyv and turnip mosaic virus (tumv) in nicotiana benthamiana plants, an ... | 2009 | 19409943 |
| insecticide resistance status of bemisia tabaci q-biotype in south-eastern spain. | bemisia tabaci gennadius q-biotype has readily developed resistance to numerous insecticide classes. studies in the mediterranean area are needed to clarify the resistance status and cross-resistance patterns in this invasive whitefly biotype. the levels of resistance in nymphs of seven strains of b. tabaci q-biotype from south-eastern spain to representative insecticides were determined. | 2009 | 19418483 |
| susceptibility to insecticides in the q biotype of bemisia tabaci is correlated with bacterial symbiont densities. | the presence of symbiotic microorganisms may influence an insect's ability to tolerate natural and artificial stress agents such as insecticides. the authors have previously shown that rickettsia in the b biotype of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (homoptera: aleyrodidae) increases this insect's susceptibility to several insecticidal compounds. this communication reports a comparison of the susceptibilities of three isofemale strains of the q biotype of b. tabaci harbouring different bac ... | 2009 | 19479746 |
| structural model and functional characterization of the bemisia tabaci cyp6cm1vq, a cytochrome p450 associated with high levels of imidacloprid resistance. | the neonicotinoid imidacloprid is one of the most important insecticides worldwide. it is used extensively against the whitefly bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), an insect pest of eminent importance globally, which was also the first pest to develop high levels of resistance against imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids in the field. recent reports indicated that in both the b and q biotypes of b. tabaci, the resistant phenotype is associated with over-expression of the cytochrome p450 ge ... | 2009 | 19716416 |
| laboratory evaluation of products to reduce settling of sweetpotato whitefly adults. | the impact of trademarked and commercial products on settling of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), was studied in the laboratory. a no-choice bioassay using leaf disks of tomato, solanum esculentum l., was developed to evaluate the impact of concentration series of products on settling of b. tabaci adults. the concentration of each product that would reduce settling by 50% (sc50) was estimated for each product using standard probit analyses, and the values were comp ... | 2009 | 19736760 |
| effect of commercially available plant-derived essential oil products on arthropod pests. | plant-derived essential oil products, in general, are considered minimum-risk pesticides and are exempt from environmental protection agency registration under section 25(b) of the federal insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act. however, many of the plant-derived essential products available to consumers (homeowners) have not been judiciously evaluated for both efficacy and plant safety. in fact, numerous plant-derived essential oil products labeled for control of arthropod pests have not bee ... | 2009 | 19736770 |
| [biological characters of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) experimental population on cotton varieties in xinjiang]. | the development, survival, reproduction, and life-span of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) on six major cotton varieties (xinluzao 8, xinluzao 16, xinluzao 17, zhongmian 35, kang 5, and dai 80) in xinjiang were studied under the conditions of (26 +/- 1) degrees c, relative humidity (75 +/- 1)%, and illumination l:d = 16:8 in laboratory. the life table of the b. tabaci experimental population was established, and the population net reproductive rate (r0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), mean generatio ... | 2009 | 19795661 |
| begomovirus coat protein interacts with a small heat-shock protein of its transmission vector (bemisia tabaci). | tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) is transmitted from plant to plant by the whitefly bemisia tabaci in a persistent-circulative manner. the coat protein (cp) plays an important role in this transmission cycle. in this study, the cp was used to screen a bemisia tabaci cdna library using the yeast two-hybrid system, in a search for interacting partners. a member of the small heat-shock protein family (termed bthsp16) was identified and its interaction with the cp was verified by an i ... | 2009 | 19817909 |
| whiteflies interfere with indirect plant defense against spider mites in lima bean. | plants under herbivore attack are able to initiate indirect defense by synthesizing and releasing complex blends of volatiles that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. however, little is known about how plants respond to infestation by multiple herbivores, particularly if these belong to different feeding guilds. here, we report the interference by a phloem-feeding insect, the whitefly bemisia tabaci, with indirect plant defenses induced by spider mites (tetranychus urticae) in lima bean (p ... | 2009 | 19965373 |
| inoculation of tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum) with growth-promoting bacillus subtilis retards whitefly bemisia tabaci development. | root inoculation of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants with a bacillus subtilis strain beb-dn (bsdn) isolated from the rhizosphere of cultivated potato plants was able to promote growth and to generate an induced systemic resistance (isr) response against virus-free bemisia tabaci. growth promotion was evident 3 weeks after inoculation. no changes in oviposition density, preference and nymphal number in the early stages of b. tabaci development were observed between bsdn-treated plants and con ... | 2010 | 20041333 |
| viral infection of tobacco plants improves performance of bemisia tabaci but more so for an invasive than for an indigenous biotype of the whitefly. | the ecological effects of plant-virus-vector interactions on invasion of alien plant viral vectors have been rarely investigated. we examined the transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv) by the invasive q biotype and the indigenous zhj2 biotype of the whitefly bemisia tabaci, a plant viral vector, as well as the influence of tylccnv-infection of plants on the performance of the two whitefly biotypes. both whitefly biotypes were able to acquire viruses from infected plants an ... | 2010 | 20043350 |
| [genetic variability of the bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in vegetable crops in são luís, state of maranhão, brazil]. | the rapd technique is widely used to investigate the distinct genetic characteristics of the complex bemisia tabaci (gennadius), which is currently constituted of approximately 41 biotypes. the objective of this research was to characterize populations of whitefly collected in crops of agricultural producing areas in são luís, ma, like okra, beans and pepper, using rapd molecular markers. females from nine whitefly populations were analyzed and compared with b. tabaci biotype b taken from poinse ... | 2009 | 20098922 |