| the isolation and transmission of an unidentified babesia sp. to cattle by hyalomma truncatum koch 1844. | an unidentified babesia sp. which causes a mild disease in cattle was isolated in a splenectomized ox that received pooled blood from field cattle. that this organism is pleomorphic and resembles babesia occultans makes it difficult to differentiate between these organisms microscopically. initially, it was suspected that this babesia could be b. occultans. several attempts to transmit this parasite transovarially with hyalomma marginatum rufipes, the vector of b. occultans, failed. continued ef ... | 1990 | 2293131 |
| larval membrane antigens protect hereford cattle against infestation with boophilus microplus. | hereford cattle (bos taurus) were immunized with antigens solubilized with triton x-100 from larval membranes of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus). based on tick egg production compared to control cattle, vaccinated cattle were protected (78%) against challenge with 2 x 20,000 tick larvae. the soluble triton x-100 extract of tick larval membranes was further purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, using immunoglobulin ligands (igg1 and igg2) from three immune steers, previously vaccinated ... | 1990 | 2314923 |
| the relationships among ecto- and endoparasite levels, class i antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility system, immunoglobulin e levels and weight gain. | natural infestations of the cattle tick boophilus microplus, levels of the buffalo fly haematobia irritants exigua and faecal nematode egg concentrations (bunostomum phlebotomum, cooperia spp., haemonchus placei, oesophagostomum radiatum and trichostrongylus axei) were assessed in 221 belmont red calves during the post-weaning period, when the animals were between 9 and 18 months of age. in addition, the 98 males of this group were challenged with b. microplus larvae on two separate occasions. t ... | 1990 | 2316176 |
| humoral immune responses of hereford cattle vaccinated with midgut antigens of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | vaccination of cattle with midgut membrane (gm) antigen derived from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, infected with the adjuvant quil a, resulted in significant increases in total immunoglobulins, mainly in the igg1 and igg2 fractions of the serum. analysis of the anti-gm antibody levels of vaccinated cattle showed that the levels of igg, igg1 and complement-fixing antibodies were significantly correlated to protection against infestation with cattle ticks. anti-gm antibodies of the igg2 an ... | 1990 | 2320378 |
| ecological aspects of four species of ticks found on cattle in salta, northwest argentina. | the seasonal activity of amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma neumanni, amblyomma parvum and boophilus microplus on cattle was studied in a ranch located in the northern part of the phytogeographical district of the chaco serrano where the habitat had suffered minimal human disturbance. the female ticks on one side of 10-25 cows were counted at intervals of 20-50 days from 29 october 1985 to 5 november 1986. the percentage of cattle parasitized with larvae and nymphs of amblyomma was recorded, along ... | 1990 | 2343535 |
| immune responses of infected and vaccinated hereford cattle to antigens of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | responses of infested and vaccinated hereford cattle to boophilus microplus antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), lymphocyte blastogenesis assay (lba) and intradermal skin tests. responses against soluble salivary gland extracts (sgs), salivary gland membrane (sgm), soluble gut extracts (gs), gut membrane (gm), soluble larval extracts (ls) and larval membrane (lm) antigens were tested. in one experiment, cattle infested with up to 160,000 ticks had positive cellula ... | 1990 | 2349785 |
| ecology and phenology of cattle ticks in zambia: development and survival of free-living stages. | a study on development and survival of free-living stages of three important cattle ticks in zambia, amblyomma variegatum fabricus, boophilus decoloratus koch, and rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, was carried out to complement studies on seasonal dynamics of parasitic stages. different instars of engorged ticks were exposed under quasi-natural conditions according to the season in which they occur naturally. generally, development rates of all stages of the three species were related to tem ... | 1990 | 2350995 |
| failure of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus l., to sustain a population of cattle ticks, boophilus annulatus (say), through successive generations. | cattle ticks, boophilus annulatus (say), previously reared only on cattle, were placed on 3 white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus l. ticks were maintained through successive generations solely on the same deer as they aged (3, 6, and 9 mo of age) and received repeated challenges (0, 1, and 2 previous challenges). cattle were infested simultaneously to assess tick viability and provide a comparison of tick numbers, female weight, egg mass weight, and egg hatch. the initial infestation (3,000 ... | 1990 | 2352065 |
| clinico-biochemical use of serum acetylcholine esterase following treatment with synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, in cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with boophilus microplus. | following treatment, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, were found to have inhibitory effect on serum acetylcholine esterase (ache) activity of cattle and buffalo experimentally infested with b. microplus. the pattern of ache activity in infested-pyrethroid-treated group was found to be significantly different from either healthy or tick-infested control. there was transient increase in the enzyme activity initially, followed by gradual decline and subsequent increase leading to normal level within 7 ... | 1990 | 2365420 |
| estimation of the potential demand for a bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis vaccine in argentina. | a survey to estimate the potential demand for a bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis vaccine was carried out by a postal questionnaire sent to 4407 veterinarians in the north and centre of argentina. twenty-three percent of the questionnaires (1047) were answered; 317 (7.2% of the total, 30% of those answered) pointed out the occurrence of the diseases and/or probable demand for the vaccine. the minimum and maximum demands were 407,892 and 982,300 doses for anaplasmosis, and 272,496 and 631,400 do ... | 1990 | 2382381 |
| the detection of igm and igg antibodies against babesia bigemina in bovine sera using semi-defined antigens in enzyme immunoassays. | soluble extracts prepared from babesia bigemina merozoites were tested for antigenicity in class-specific enzyme immunoassays currently being evaluated for the differential serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis. intact merozoites were harvested from erythrocytes from an experimentally-infected calf by controlled hypotonic lysis and differential ultra-centrifugation. the merozoites were disrupted by ultrasonication and a crude soluble extract obtained by ultracentrifugation. fractionation of the cru ... | 1985 | 2413610 |
| ecological aspects of cattle tick control in central zambia. | in ecological studies in central zambia, both climate and ecotype affected population dynamics of tick species. below average rainfall for several years caused a suppression in numbers of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann adults. reduction in rainfall leading to changes in grazing patterns is thought to have been responsible for an increase in numbers of amblyomma variegatum fabricius adults in a grassland habitat. there were reasonable correlations between numbers of each tick species on ind ... | 1989 | 2519677 |
| effects of biogenic amines and adrenergic drugs on oviposition in the cattle tick boophilus: evidence for octopaminergic innervation of the oviduct. | oviposition in the cattle tick boophilus microplus was arrested by octopamine and the alpha-adrenergic agonists clonidine, tolazoline, and naphazoline, at doses of 25 micrograms per tick. the same effect was obtained with a sublethal dose of amitraz of 10 micrograms per tick. in contrast, the alpha-adrenergic agonists apomorphine, synephrine, phentolamine, metaclopromide and chlorpromazine were ineffective. no mortality was observed at any of the doses tested. reserpine, which depletes endogenou ... | 1989 | 2572407 |
| novel vaccination for control of the babesia vector, boophilus microplus. | an antigen was isolated from the tick gut wall. antibody to this antigen bound to the tick gut cells when the ticks fed on immunized animals. gut function in the ticks and tick development were inhibited. | 1989 | 2623756 |
| body weight, tick burden (boophilus microplus), physiological parameters and reproductive efficiency of crossbred zebu cattle. | body weight at calving, degree of tick load (boophilus microplus), rectal temperature, respiratory frequency and heart rate were evaluated and correlated to reproductive efficiency in 63 f1 brown swiss x nellore milked animals reared in the tropical region of peru. cows were bred by free natural service, and first ovulation was estimated by progesterone measurements. the physiological parameters were registered at morning milking (04.00 to 06.00) at an average air temperature of 22.4 +/- 0.9 deg ... | 1989 | 2629511 |
| vaccination against boophilus microplus: localization of antigens on tick gut cells and their interaction with the host immune system. | cattle have been vaccinated against boophilus microplus with antigens derived from partially fed female ticks. the immune response of the host lyses the gut cells of adult ticks, causing a reduction in the number, weight and reproductive capacity of engorging ticks. this response is different from the immunity that cattle acquire after repeated tick infestation. evidence is presented that the antigens used in vaccination are located on the plasma membrane of the gut cells and it is unlikely that ... | 1989 | 2667918 |
| genetic resistance of hosts and its influence on epidemiology. | evidence for the genetic control of resistance of sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infections was reviewed and compared with that of cattle to infestation with the cattle tick. variation within sheep breeds in resistance to nematode infection is as great as that between breeds, is moderately heritable, and selection of lines of resistant sheep should result in animals carrying worm burdens around 10%-20% of those of unselected animals. the consequences of genetically resistant sheep for the ep ... | 1989 | 2669317 |
| the effect of infection by babesia sp. on some biological parameters of engorged females of boophilus microplus. | engorged females (ef) of boophilus microplus tick were collected from hereford, criolla and nelloreheifers of three different herds to study the influence of natural babesial infection on the following biological parameters of the ef: engorgement weight, preoviposition period, minimal egg incubation period, egg hatching and reproductive efficiency index. no detrimental consequences to the reproduction of ef carrying babesial infection were found when compared with those ef in which no kinetes of ... | 1989 | 2670703 |
| cloning and expression of a protective antigen from the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | glycoproteins located on the luminal surface of the plasma membrane of tick gut epithelial cells, when used to vaccinate cattle, are capable of stimulating an immune response that protects cattle against subsequent tick infestation. one such tick gut glycoprotein, designated bm86, has been purified to homogeneity and the amino acid sequences of peptide fragments generated by endoproteinase lys-c digestion have been determined. we report here the isolation and characterization of a cdna that enco ... | 1989 | 2690068 |
| effect of different methods of maintenance on the pathogenicity and infectivity of babesia bigemina for the vector boophilus microplus. | observations were made on the effects of five different methods of laboratory maintenance on the infectivity and virulence of babesia bigemina for the tick boophilus microplus. the original isolate was highly infective and virulent, causing premature death of engorged female ticks and reduced egg production. maintenance of the strain by syringe passage in unsplenectomised calves at six to 10 week intervals reduced both its infectivity and virulence for ticks. when slow passages were preceded by ... | 1989 | 2704879 |
| toxicology and metabolism of isomers of flumethrin in larvae of pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | | 1989 | 2707107 |
| distribution of some anystid mites (acari: anystidae) in australia and indonesia and their role as possible predators of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the geographic and habitat distributions of anystis baccarum, a. jabanica, a. salicinus, and a. sp. b walzia australica womersley and chaussieria warregense in australia and parts of indonesia are presented. laboratory trials showed that a. baccarum will feed upon the larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus, whilst a. jabanica also showed some predatory potential. walzia australica and c. warregense had no effect on survival of tick larvae. | 1989 | 2707109 |
| ovicidal activity of topically applied acaricides against eggs of the southern cattle tick (acari: ixodidae). | ovicidal activity of coumaphos, diazinon, dioxathion, chlorpyrifos, and crotoxyphos applied topically at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% (ai) to 1-d-old, 10-d-old, and 20-d-old eggs of southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), was determined. all acaricides produced some disruption of hatching of eggs in all age classes. coumaphos, diazinon, dioxathion, and chlorpyrifos were most effective in reducing egg hatch of 1-d-old eggs but had little effect against 10- or 20-d-old eggs. although crot ... | 1989 | 2708632 |
| populations of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) on purebred nellore, ibage and nellore x european crossbreds in the brazilian savanna. | studies on purebred nellore cattle and their crosses with fleckvieh, chianina, charolais and the ibagé breed (5/8 aberdeen angus, 3/8 nellore) during 39 months in the field gave mean daily counts for engorging female ticks of 3.3, 25.2, 22.2, 21.0 and 59.7 per animal respectively. annual fluctuations were similar in all groups; with the exception of the purebred nellore mean counts are at levels considered dangerous for the stability of enzootic tick fever. | 1989 | 2711457 |
| immunologic control of a parasitic arthropod. identification of a protective antigen from boophilus microplus. | cattle can be vaccinated against the tick boophilus microplus by inducing an immunologic reaction against ag in the tick gut. the uptake of antibody during feeding leads to severe damage to the parasite. one of the responsible tick gut ag has now been purified and characterized: the bm86 ag. it is a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in very low abundance in extracts of partially engorged adult female ticks. it has an apparent m.w. of 89,000, an isoelectric point of 5.1 to 5.6 and an affinity f ... | 1989 | 2745982 |
| hereford cattle protected against boophilus microplus with antigens purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from larval and adult ticks. | tick larvae (boophilus microplus) were extracted, fractionated by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, and the fractions assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against sera from cattle immunized and protected by antigens from the mid-gut of adult ticks. unfractionated, whole larval extracts and selected reactive components were used to vaccinate cattle; they decreased the number of ticks dropped after challenge, but the effect of treatment was not significant. antigens p ... | 1989 | 2759660 |
| detection of babesia bigemina in cattle by a radioimmunoassay incorporating specifically depleted antigen. | it was observed that mild acidification (ph less than 4.0) together with solvent extraction of the soluble sonicate of a crude preparation of babesia bigemina infected cattle erythrocytes caused a quantitative loss of b. bigemina-specific antigen. cross-reacting antigen activities with babesia bovis remained intact. these properties were utilized in an assay system wherein antibody response to the specifically depleted antigen preparation was subtracted from the response to the initial crude pre ... | 1989 | 2763443 |
| relationship between the resistance of crossbred cattle to ticks, boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (koch, 1844). | studies were undertaken to determine the effect of repeated pure infestations with boophilus microplus on susceptibility to subsequent pure infestations with hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, and the effects of pure infestations with both species of tick on susceptibility to a series of mixed infestations. crossbred (bos indicus x bos taurus) calves were infested with boophilus microplus (17 times), h. a. anatolicum (four times), followed by five mixed infestations of b. microplus and h. a. anatol ... | 1989 | 2763448 |
| class i antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility system and resistance to the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) assessed in three different seasons. | two consecutive calf crops consisting of 141 three-quarters brahman/one-quarter shorthorn cattle were assessed for resistance to the australian cattle tick boophilus microplus in may, july and october 1983. although the level of expressed resistance to artificial infestation varied considerably between seasons, the animals maintained very similar rankings for resistance in all three seasons, and the repeatability of tick resistance ranged from 0.59 to 0.82. the cattle were typed for 30 bovine cl ... | 1989 | 2763449 |
| formulation of medium for tick cell culture. | we examined the effectiveness of bovine cholesterol concentrate in reducing the high level (10-20%) of fetal bovine serum (fbs) necessary to promote tick cell growth in vitro. tick cell lines isolated from embryos of anocentor nitens (ane 58), boophilus microplus (bme 26), and rhipicephalus appendiculatus (rae 25) were used. they were incubated in l-15 (bme 26) or l-15b (ane 58 and rae 25) supplemented with 10% tryptose phosphate broth (tpb), 5% (ane 58 and bme 26) or 3% fbs, 10-90 microns/ml ch ... | 1989 | 2766897 |
| synthetic pyrethroid resistance in field samples in the cattle tick (boophilus microplus). | first evidence of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in the cattle tick in australia, other than the pre-existing cross-resistance in ddt-resistant ticks, has emerged. three new strains have been investigated and characterised. the first, detected in central queensland, showed increased ability to detoxify pyrethroids resulting in a marginal loss of efficacy of all pyrethroid tickicides tested, except flumethrin. subsequently two more strains have been detected, with serious implications for ch ... | 1989 | 2775054 |
| the effect of antigen concentration and vaccine regimen on the immunity induced by membrane antigens from the midgut of boophilus microplus. | sheep and cattle were immunized with membrane antigens extracted from the midgut (gm) of the cattle tick boophilus microplus, and antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). one microgram of gm induced an antibody response in sheep comparable to that induced by 500 micrograms gm. single or divided doses of 500 micrograms gm induced the same antibody levels in sheep over 12 weeks. cattle vaccinated with either 500 micrograms gm in two doses or with 50 or 500 microg ... | 1989 | 2807382 |
| effect of age on cholinesterase activity and protein of unfed larval ticks. | the cholinesterase (ache) activity and total protein in homogenates of unfed larvae of amblyomma americanum (l.), a. cajennense (fabricius), a. maculatum koch, anocentor nitens neumann, and boophilus microplus (canestrini) were determined weekly in ticks 1-6 wk of age. there was a considerable variation in total protein, ache, and the ratio of ache to protein as the ticks aged. however, ache activities were constant or increased with age and total protein levels were constant or decreased. no di ... | 1989 | 2918444 |
| identification of ecdysone 22-long-chain fatty acyl esters in newly laid eggs of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the five major apolar ecdysone esters present in newly laid eggs of the cattle tick boophilus microplus have been purified by h.p.l.c. the quantities of the apolar esters present in the eggs were increased by administration of ecdysone to the mature females. g.c.-m.s. analysis, as their methyl esters, of the fatty acids released from the apolar ecdysone derivatives by alkali, coupled with positive-ion fast-atom-bombardment m.s. of the intact ecdysone esters, showed that the compounds consisted o ... | 1986 | 3030275 |
| epidemiology of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in zambia. | the serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the traditional farming sector of six provinces of zambia was determined using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for babesiosis and the card agglutination test (cat) for anaplasmosis. antibodies to babesia bigemina occurred throughout the country whereas the prevalence of b. bovis followed the distribution of its tick vector boophilus microplus which is limited to the north-eastern part of the country. low numbers of ... | 1988 | 3070875 |
| hereford cattle immunized and protected against boophilus microplus with soluble and membrane-associated antigens from the midgut of ticks. | hereford cattle were immunized with membranes and soluble components extracted from the midgut of boophilus microplus. membrane vaccines protected cattle (91%) against challenge with 3 x 20,000 larval ticks administered at intervals of 7 days. vaccines made from soluble antigens did not protect cattle. antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) related to the levels of protection induced by vaccination. | 1988 | 3174172 |
| effect of temperature on the ovipositional biology and egg viability of the cattle tick boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae). | the effect of temperature on the ovipositional biology of boophilus annulatus (say) was determined under laboratory conditions. engorged females subjected to constant temperatures of 12 and 45 degrees c died without ovipositing, while females held at 15 and 40 degrees c laid eggs which did not hatch. the preoviposition period at 25-40 degrees c was 2-3 days; however, significant increases occurred at 20 degrees c (5.2 days) and at 15 degrees c (16.3 days). the number of eggs laid per female was ... | 1988 | 3197576 |
| efficacy of topically applied ivermectin against boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) in cattle. | systemic efficacy of ivermectin applied topically was evaluated against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. twenty cattle with induced infestations were randomly allocated to five groups of equal size based on the numbers of engorged female ticks which fell through the slatted floor of individual pens during the 3 days prior to treatments. control cattle were non-medicated. cattle in three groups were given ivermectin at 200, 500 or 1000 mcg kg-1 in a topical formulation applied along the back ... | 1988 | 3201709 |
| a technique for collecting saliva from the cattle-tick boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) using chemical stimulation. environmental and temporal influences on secretion yield. | 1. injection of a pilocarpine solution into the hemocoele of female b. microplus through the respiratory spiracle induced the flow of limpid saliva, collected from the mouth parts with a capillary tube. 2. the time interval between the detachment of the tick from its host and chemical stimulation influenced the volume of saliva secreted; secretion was greater during the first 2 h after detachment. 3. there is a positive correlation between salivary yield and both environmental temperature and re ... | 1988 | 3228628 |
| characterization of tick antigens inducing host immune resistance. ii. description of rabbit-acquired immunity to amblyomma americanum ticks and identification of potential tick antigens by western blot analysis. | feeding by adult amblyomma americanum ticks induced a level of immunity in rabbits to subsequent tick feeding that resulted in a significant decrease in tick feeding success and fecundity. histological analysis of tick feeding sites in hosts expressing resistance revealed a predominant eosinophil response, with weak basophil and neutrophil infiltrates. while the basophil was never the dominant granulocyte at the tick feeding sites in resistant hosts, this cell exhibited the greatest increase in ... | 1988 | 3291384 |
| ticks (acari:ixodidae) of the blue and white nile ecosystems in the sudan with particular reference to the rhipicephalus sanguineus group. | twenty-four adult ixodid tick species, infesting livestock and some wildlife hosts along the blue and white nile in the sudan, were identified. three species, boophilus geigyi, rhipicephalus camicasi and r. bergeoni, were recorded for the first time from the sudan. tick numbers on indigenous breeds of cattle (bos indicus) were relatively low, ranging between 17.1 and 40.5 per animal. young cattle grazing with the herd carried significantly fewer ticks than older animals. with the exception of b. ... | 1987 | 3331134 |
| vaccines to protect hereford cattle against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | vaccines made from gut and gut and synganglion tissue dissected from boophilus microplus gave 87% and 80% protection, respectively, compared with adjuvant-injected controls in cattle against three infestations with 20,000 larval ticks administered over 14 days. a vaccine prepared from synganglion alone did not protect cattle. ticks collected from vaccinated cattle produced 95% and 91% fewer eggs, respectively, than ticks from control animals. vaccinated cattle were protected (36%) 7 months after ... | 1988 | 3350577 |
| ticks parasitising the indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and their possible role in disease transmission. | a total of 13 ixodid tick species, boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis bispinosa, haemaphysalis cornupunctata, haemaphysalis himalaya, heamaphysalis montgomeryi, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma dromedarii, hyalomma marginatum isaaci, hyalomma (hyalommina) brevipunctata, hyalomma (hyalommina) hussaini, nosomma monstrosum, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and r. turanicus were collected off 424 buffaloes from the northwestern states of india. ten tick species, amblyomma testudinarium, b. mi ... | 1988 | 3369083 |
| isolation from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, of antigenic material capable of eliciting a protective immunological response in the bovine host. | | 1988 | 3372125 |
| selection for resistance to coumaphos in a strain of southern cattle tick (acari: ixodidae). | | 1988 | 3372854 |
| radioimmunoassay for anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle. | a radioimmunoassay is described for use in the detection of anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle sera. optimal sensitivity and specificity were obtained by using 2 antigens, an a marginale antigen and a rbc antigen (obtained before infection was established) from the same calf. in addition, sera were preabsorbed with rbc from healthy cattle and with sonicated babesia bovis. of 86 sera obtained from cattle with a marginale infection (as determined by blood smear examination or by results of s ... | 1988 | 3377309 |
| kinetic properties of toxic protease inhibitors isolated from tick eggs. | 1. egg-toxins from rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, boophilus microplus, boophilus decoloratus and hyalomma truncatum were found to be inhibitors of trypsin and in two cases also of chymotrypsin. 2. fast tight-binding and slow-binding inhibition were observed. 3. immunological identity of the toxins were assessed with ouchterlony immunodiffusion and elisa. 4. the protease content of b. decoloratus and amblyomma hebraeum tick eggs were determined by a linked enzyme assay. 5. the predictive value of ... | 1988 | 3391338 |
| persistent activity of injectable ivermectin in the control of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | | 1988 | 3407118 |
| effect of mercury vapour on the non-protein thiol content and respiration rate of eggs of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | with continuous and ultimately lethal exposure of eggs of boophilus microplus to mercury vapour, respiration and non-protein thiol decreased to low levels. with sub-lethal exposure, respiration decreased initially and then increased, whereas non-protein thiol (largely glutathione) increased initially and then decreased. this initial increase in glutathione (gsh) which probably resulted from an attempt by the organism to control or reverse the biochemical lesion, did not arise from the oxidized f ... | 1988 | 3409788 |
| flumethrin applied as a pour-on and whole-body spray for controlling cattle tick (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | | 1988 | 3417920 |
| [efficacy of chlorfenvinphos in cattle-tick control in the north-western cameroon]. | | 1987 | 3444970 |
| boophilus microplus: passage of bovine immunoglobulins and albumin across the gut of cattle ticks feeding on normal or vaccinated cattle. | cattle were vaccinated with antigens from adult female boophilus microplus and haemolymph was collected from female ticks which had engorged on these animals and on matched control cattle. radio-immunoassay for bovine plasma proteins in haemolymph from ticks fed on control cattle showed low concentrations of igg1 and albumin. there was a significant increase in bovine plasma proteins passing across the gut in ticks fed on vaccinated cattle, with an average of 150 times more albumin and four to f ... | 1987 | 3444975 |
| the effects of precocene treatment on egg wax production in gené's organ and egg viability in the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acarina ixodidae): an ultrastructural study. | wax synthesis by gené's organ, the egg waxing organ of ticks, is by precocene treatment of engorged female boophilus microplus, resulting in desiccated nonviable eggs due to the absence of a waterproofing wax layer. electron microscopy shows that precocene has a destructive effect on the glandular cells of gené's organ. the precocene also inhibited in vitro wax synthesis by the gland cells, indicating a selective cytotoxic effect. oogenesis and oviposition were otherwise unaffected, also suggest ... | 1986 | 3451863 |
| tick transmission of anaplasma centrale. | anaplasma centrale was isolated from a field collection of rhipicephalus simus. transstadial transmission of a. centrale with adult ticks was demonstrated, but the infection was not carried transovarially. ticks from this collection were subsequently reared as a non-infected, laboratory strain. it was proved that the onderstepoort live blood vaccine strain of a. centrale, isolated by theiler in 1911, is still tick transmissible after more than 75 years of needle passage through cattle in the lab ... | 1987 | 3587927 |
| ultrastructure of secretory cells in the gut of the cattle-tick boophilus microplus. | | 1987 | 3654050 |
| control of cattle ticks using flumethrin in central zambia. | | 1987 | 3660539 |
| control of cattle ticks. | | 1987 | 3660566 |
| metabolism of ecdysteroids in the female tick amblyomma hebraeum (ixodoidea, ixodidae): accumulation of free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the eggs. | [3h]-20-hydroxyecdysone ([3h]-20e) injected into amblyomma hebraeum females 7 days before the beginning of oviposition, viz. at the beginning of vitellogenesis, was converted to 3 polar peaks of unknown nature called 1, 2 and 3, and to apolar conjugates ap1, ap2 and ap3. ap2 have the same retention times as the esters of 20e with long chain fatty acids described in ornithodoros moubata (diehl et al. 1985). however, principally unmetabolized 20e was incorporated into the ovaries, and 16% of the i ... | 1987 | 3693624 |
| immunization of cattle against boophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: effects of induced immunity on tick populations. | | 1986 | 3699973 |
| immunization of cattle against boophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: histopathology of ticks feeding on vaccinated cattle. | | 1986 | 3699974 |
| effect of different methods of maintenance on the development and morphology of babesia bigemina in the gut of boophilus microplus. | the development and morphology of babesia bigemina in the gut of boophilus microplus ticks were studied during laboratory maintenance of the babesia by four methods: tick transmission in unsplenectomised (intact) calves; tick transmission in splenectomised calves; syringe passage at intervals of five days or less in splenectomised calves; and syringe passage at intervals of six weeks or more in intact calves. the first method had no apparent effect on the development of b bigemina in ticks compa ... | 1986 | 3704330 |
| genetic similarity and variability between natural populations and laboratory colonies of north american boophilus (acari: ixodidae). | four natural populations and 4 laboratory colonies of boophilus microplus (canestrini) and a laboratory colony of boophilus annulatus (say) were subjected to electrophoretic analysis to determine levels of genetic similarity and genetic variability. populations of b. microplus exhibited high genetic similarity (i = 0.984 +/- 0.012) indicating that all populations share a relatively undifferentiated gene pool. host vagility is proposed as an important mechanism promoting gene flow in ectoparasite ... | 1986 | 3712179 |
| babesia bovis infection of secretory cells in the gut of the vector tick boophilus microplus. | | 1986 | 3721701 |
| immunization of cattle against boophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: feeding and survival of the parasite on vaccinated cattle. | | 1986 | 3721702 |
| bovine babesiosis (babesia bovis infection) in zambia. | two cases of babesia bovis, a parasite associated with the tick boophilus microplus, are reported for the first time from the central part of zambia. it is concluded that infected b. microplus ticks are occasionally introduced into central zambia by tick-infested cattle from the north-eastern part of the country where b. bovis is endemic. the spread of b. microplus in southern africa in a westward direction is discussed and related to the epidemiology of bovine babesiosis in zambia. | 1986 | 3727339 |
| a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibody to anaplasma marginale in cattle serum. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method is described for measuring antibody against anaplasma marginale in cattle serum. this method was more sensitive and objective than a previously described elisa method for a. marginale and possible reasons for this are discussed. all 83 cattle experimentally infected with a. marginale (81) or a. centrale (2) developed demonstrable specific antibody but the serums of 98.8% of 839 cattle from cattle tick-free areas did not react by elisa; 378 seru ... | 1986 | 3729834 |
| the inability of a south african babesia bovis vaccine strain to infect boophilus microplus. | a strain of babesia bovis that had been attenuated by rapid syringe passage through a series of 23 splenectomized calves was unable to infect its vector boophilus microplus. an attempt to transmit the attenuated australian babesia bigemina g strain with a south african strain of b. microplus was likewise unsuccessful. the epidemiological implication of these observations in terms of babesiosis control is discussed. | 1986 | 3763166 |
| continued functioning of the feeding apparatus during moulting of boophilus microplus as an adaptation of one-host ticks. | nymphs of the 1-host cattle tick boophilus microplus remain attached to the host during moulting, but this process is not uniform throughout the tick tissues. the muscles of the pharynx and salivarium remain attached to the cuticle and are functional while the cuticle of the legs has already separated from the underlying epidermis and muscle. the nymphs continue to feed for 2 days after the moulting process in the legs has begun, and they more than double their weight in this time. mouth-part pr ... | 1986 | 3819961 |
| effect of age of boophilus microplus larvae (acari: ixodidae) on attachment to cattle. | | 1987 | 3820234 |
| observations on the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of cattle ticks in zambia. | the efficacy of multiple subcutaneous injections (200 micrograms/kg) of ivermectin in the control of naturally occurring tick infestations on traditionally managed tonga-iia (sanga type) calves and yearlings was assessed in two field trials. in the first trial boophilus decoloratus infestations were decreased following treatments at monthly intervals. in the second trial, with weekly and two weekly treatment intervals, infestations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus were controlled less effectively ... | 1985 | 3841240 |
| the effect of babesia bigemina infections caused by cattle ticks on nigerian economy. | | 1985 | 3841960 |
| cross-reaction of tick salivary antigens in the boophilus microplus-cattle system. | calves were immunized with boophilus microplus saliva, filtered through millipore membranes, in freund's complete adjuvant. serum samples were tested by passive hemagglutination against babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale, b. microplus larvae extract, stomoxys calcitrans extract and b. microplus saliva. after immunization, titers to saliva, larval tick-extract and to s. calcitrans were increased. the challenge with live tick larvae enhanced the formation of antibodies against larva extract, fl ... | 1985 | 3992881 |
| digestion in the cattle-tick boophilus microplus: light microscope study of the gut cells in nymphs and females. | | 1985 | 3997347 |
| field efficacy of ear tags impregnated with insecticide against the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | | 1985 | 4004653 |
| borrelia theileri: isolation from ticks (boophilus microplus) and tick-borne transmission between splenectomized calves. | the bovine spirochete, borrelia theileri, was detected in giemsastained blood smears from a splenectomized calf 17 days after exposure to a laboratory colony of the tropical cattle tick, boophilus microplus. spirochetes were detected in the hemolymph and ovary of all engorged female ticks examined, indicating a high infection rate in this tick colony. spirochetes were detected in a 2nd splenectomized calf 15 days after exposure to the larval offspring of ticks from the 1st calf. the only observa ... | 1985 | 4026019 |
| ixodes (ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (acari: ixodoidea: ixodidae), a south american cattle tick long confused with ixodes ricinus. | | 1985 | 4045937 |
| changes in cattle tick control practices in south eastern queensland from 1977 to 1982. | results of a survey of cattle producers in south eastern queensland in 1982 concerning cattle tick control have been compared with those of a similar survey carried out in 1977-78. during the interval between these surveys the proportion of beef farms with tick resistant (bos indicus infusion) cattle as the main breed had increased from 47.8% to 60.0%. chemical control methods had improved but many producers were continuing to treat their cattle more often than necessary. over the period there w ... | 1985 | 4051912 |
| relationship between the resistance of cattle to haemaphysalis longicornis and to boophilus microplus. | cattle that had been exposed to haemaphysalis longicornis were as susceptible to boophilus microplus as cattle that had never been exposed to either species of tick. cattle with acquired resistance to both species ranked consistently for levels of resistance to each when infested separately. concurrent infestation with h. longicornis had no effect on ranking for resistance to b. microplus. the coefficient of concordance between the rankings of individuals on their levels of resistance to both sp ... | 1985 | 4074218 |
| ticks on livestock in st. lucia. | cattle, sheep, goats and horses were examined for ticks. over 95% of holstein cross-breeds, 28% of sheep (local mixed breeds) and 18% of goats (local mixed breeds) examined from 18 august to 4 september 1983 were infested with the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus canestrini. about 90 and 17% of the horses examined were infested with the tropical horse tick, anocentor nitens neumann, and the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum fabricius, respectively. the tropical bont tick was foun ... | 1985 | 4090245 |
| characterization of the organophosphorus-resistant mt alford, gracemere and silkwood strains of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | | 1974 | 4139946 |
| enzyme activity of the cytochrome system of the egg and larva of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus). | | 1973 | 4146220 |
| detection of trypanosoma theileri in ethiopian cattle ticks. | | 1973 | 4149680 |
| boophilus microplus: antihistaminic and tranquillizing drugs and cattle resistance. | | 1969 | 4396008 |
| boophilus microplus: antihistaminic and tranquilizing drugs and cattle resistance. | | 1969 | 4396213 |
| the transmission of babesia bovis using frozen infective material obtained from boophilus microplus larvae. | | 1974 | 4449642 |
| control of the southern cattle tick by pour-on animal systemic insecticides. | | 1972 | 4639456 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale by the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | | 1972 | 4640755 |
| preliminary studies on the transmission of anaplasma marginale by boophilus microplus. | | 1973 | 4689814 |
| bioassay of chlorphenamidine using larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | | 1973 | 4711148 |
| inheritance of dimethoate resistance in the mackay strain of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) in australia. | | 1973 | 4717730 |
| toxicity to boophilus microplus of formamidine acaricides and related compounds, and modification of toxicity by certain insecticide synergists. | | 1973 | 4770945 |
| boophilus microplus: digestion of hemoglobins by the engorged female tick. | | 1974 | 4815010 |
| babesia argentina: the infection of splenectomized calves with extracts of larval ticks (boophilus microplus). | | 1974 | 4819982 |
| acaricide ac 84,633: first trials for control of boophilus microplus. | | 1974 | 4839224 |
| toxicity of piperonyl butoxide to boophilus microplus. | | 1974 | 4858271 |
| cattle tick in new south wales. | | 1969 | 4936858 |
| loss of infectivity of a vaccine strain of babesia argentina for boophilus microplus. | | 1966 | 4961183 |
| the infection of boophilus microplus with babesia bigemina. | | 1968 | 4984380 |
| [fine structure of the merozoites of babesia bigemina in the ovary of boophilus microplus and boophilus decoloratus]. | | 1969 | 4988938 |
| bovine babesiasis: estimation of infection rates in the tick vector boophilus microplus (canestrini). | | 1971 | 4999518 |