| development and characterization of a model of eosinophil-mediated cardiomyopathy in rats infected with toxocara canis. | this study begins testing the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between hypereosinophilia and cardiac dysfunction. rats infected with the nematode toxocara canis develop marked hypereosinophilia, with peak blood eosinophil levels of approximately 3,500 eosinophils/mm3 whole blood observed approximately 14 days postinfection. corresponding to the increase in blood eosinophils of infected animals was a decrease in cardiac performance. by 14 days postinfection, cardiac work had declined ... | 1992 | 1317127 |
| the significance of the "lung phase" in host-helminth relations. | many helminth infections have a "lung phase" whose significance considering the host-parasite relations has not yet been clarified. in some nematode infections larvae must pass through the lungs, in others adult worms live in the respiratory tract, and some others cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. some examples of these infections (nippostrongylus brasiliensis, schistosoma mansoni, trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) are considered to clarify whether this phase of infection is a "pro-h ... | 1992 | 1339975 |
| interrelationship between schistosomiasis and concomitant diseases. | the biological literature contains many examples of mutual influences between different species of parasites, especially with respect to concomitant helminth infections. several situations are known in which the association of infection by schistosoma mansoni with other pathogens in the same host results in a type of disease which differs from the simple summation of the individual effects of each infection. the present study concerns concomitant infections involving s. mansoni and enterobacteri ... | 1992 | 1343911 |
| toxocara canis: monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes of secreted (tes) antigens localize to different secretion-related structures in infective larvae. | the major secreted glycoproteins of toxocara canis larvae appear to be derived from two specialized organs within the nematode organism. using immunogold electron microscopy, we have analyzed the binding patterns of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (tcn-1 to tcn-8) reactive with toxocara excretory-secretory (tes) antigens. we find, first, that the esophageal gland and lumen are strongly reactive with monoclonals tcn-4, tcn-5, and tcn-8, and because the posterior portion of the gut is closed, we ... | 1992 | 1379195 |
| oxygen radical scavengers protect against eosinophil-induced injury in isolated perfused rat lungs. | the protective effect of oxygen radical scavengers on lung injury induced by activated eosinophils was examined in isolated perfused rat lungs. eosinophils were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from rats infected with toxocara canis and activated with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). there were no changes in pulmonary vascular (rt) and airway (raw) resistances and only minimal changes in vascular permeability assessed using the capillary filtration coefficient (kf,c) in pma control lungs and n ... | 1992 | 1399998 |
| evaluation of an immunoenzymatic assay detecting specific anti-toxocara immunoglobulin e for diagnosis and posttreatment follow-up of human toxocariasis. | in order to complete the immunodiagnosis of human toxocaral disease, an immunoenzymatic assay with excretory-secretory antigens from toxocara canis larvae was developed for the detection of specific immunoglobulin e (sige enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa]). the specificity of the assay was evaluated in patients presenting with various allergic or helminthic diseases. the sensitivity was assessed in patients exhibiting clinical and biological symptoms indicative of toxocariasis, serodiagn ... | 1992 | 1400990 |
| il-4 and ifn (alpha and gamma) exert opposite regulatory effects on the development of cytolytic potential by th1 or th2 human t cell clones. | the cytolytic potential of a total number of 118 cd4+ human t cell clones specific for purified protein derivative (ppd) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, tetanus toxoid, lolium perenne group i allergen (lol p i), poa pratensis group ix allergen (poa p ix), or toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigen(s) (tes) was assessed by both a lectin (pha)-dependent and a mhc-restricted lytic assay and compared with their profile of cytokine secretion. the majority of clones with th1 or th0 cytokine profil ... | 1992 | 1401925 |
| [ocular manifestations of selected zoonoses in humans]. | a report is given on the epidemiology and clinical signs of some selected zoonoses that may be of significance for ocular infections in man: brucellosis, leptospirosis, lyme borreliosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, newcastle disease, ornithosis (chlamydiosis), rabies, streptococcus suis infection, larva migrans ocularis by toxocara canis or baylisascaris procyonis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia. | 1992 | 1412422 |
| [visceral toxocariasis in three children]. | | 1992 | 1413796 |
| lectin binding to secretory structures, the cuticle and the surface coat of toxocara canis infective larvae. | toxocara canis infective larvae are known to produce abundant glycosylated molecules which may be found associated with the surface or secreted into their environment. using a range of fluorescein-conjugated and gold-conjugated lectins, the localization of particular carbohydrates was defined on the surface of live parasites, and internally at the ultrastructural level. surface exposure of n-acetyl galactosamine and n-acetyl glucosamine was deduced by binding of fitc-conjugated helix pomatia (hp ... | 1992 | 1454426 |
| biosynthesis and glycosylation of serine/threonine-rich secreted proteins from toxocara canis larvae. | toxocara canis infective stage larvae continually produce excretory-secretory (tes) glycoproteins in long-term in vitro culture. the kinetics of synthesis and secretion were studied by metabolic labelling with radioactive [35s]methionine, [14c]serine and [14c]threonine. maximal incorporation rates required overnight pre-incubation of parasites in medium depleted of the appropriate amino acid. larvae rapidly incorporated isotope into their somatic tissues, but there was a minimum delay of 10 h be ... | 1992 | 1454427 |
| [the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes]. | between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ... | 1992 | 1459030 |
| seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies in humans in northern jordan. | sera of 699 individuals, aged between 5-24 years, from the irbid area, jordan, were tested for toxocara canis antibodies using an elisa-igg test. crude prevalence was 10.9% (76 of 699) but age-adjusted prevalence was 14.3%. the highest prevalence was observed in females aged 5-9 years, 23.3% (7 of 30), and males of 15-19 years of age, 19.5% (16 of 82). the lowest prevalence was observed in females aged 20-25 years, 5.2% (8 of 155). significant differences (p < 0.05) between the prevalences of th ... | 1992 | 1469262 |
| efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel against helminth infections in dogs. | tablets containing praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel were tested for efficacy against helminths in dogs. a single treatment with this drug combination gave 100% reductions in toxocara canis and taenia hydatigena in experimentally induced infections in dogs. in dogs with naturally acquired infections, treatment gave > 97 to 98% reductions in fecal egg counts attributable to toxascaris leonina, t canis, and uncinaria stenocephala. efficacy against trichuris vulpis was > 92%. | 1992 | 1476306 |
| seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies among orang asli (aborigines) in peninsular malaysia. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using excretory-secretory antigens of the second stage larvae maintained in vitro was used to determine the seroprevalence of toxocara antibodies in orang asli (aborigines) of peninsular malaysia. the mean + 3 sd optical density of 30 healthy subjects was used as the cut-off point. overall prevalence was found to be 31.9%. no significant relationship was found between positive rates with sex and age groups, though children between 0 to 9 years recorded the hi ... | 1992 | 1488706 |
| visceral larva migrans in seven members of one family in trinidad. | the occurrence of the first seven cases of visceral larva migrans in trinidad and tobago is described. all cases occurred in children of the same family. the elisa test was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. | 1992 | 1496701 |
| renal involvement in mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis embryonated eggs. | histological examination of kidneys from mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis embryonated eggs demonstrated the presence of a segmental or diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. immunohistochemical studies established that renal alterations were associated with glomerular deposits of igg, igm and third component of complement (c3). these findings suggest that an immunomediated mechanism might possibly be involved in the genesis of kidney damage observed in mice infected wi ... | 1992 | 1496786 |
| a rare case of toxocara canis arachnoidea. | the authors present a case of toxocara canis arachnoidea located in the cervical zone. the rarity of the case and the extreme rarity of the position are emphasized. in fact in medical literature there exists a description of only one similar case which was also observed by one of the authors. | 1992 | 1500961 |
| seroepidemiologic study of toxocariasis and strongyloidiasis in institutionalized mentally retarded adults. | serologic surveys for toxocara canis and strongyloides sp., as well as stool examinations for intestinal parasites, were conducted in a home for mentally retarded adults. evidence of parasitic infection was found in 30 (28.3%) of 106 residents; nine (8.5%) had positive toxocaral serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[elisa]), 1 (0.9%) had positive serology for stronglyoides sp. (elisa), and 21 (19.8%) had parasites in stool (including stronglyoides stercoralis in the patient with positive s ... | 1992 | 1558266 |
| protein chromatographic study on adult ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris vitulorum and toxocara canis. | chromatographic analysis using sephacryl s-300 was done on protein extract of adult ascaris lumbricoides, a. vitulorum and toxocara canis worms. six fractions were separated from both ascaris species and nine from t. canis. fractions revealed a variety of molecular weights in relation to the three species of worms that ranged from 6,000-70,000 daltons. crude extract of t. canis showed cross reaction with both species of ascaris sera using double gel diffusion, while no reaction was obtained usin ... | 1992 | 1578165 |
| efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs. | eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against dirofilaria immitis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, and toxascaris leonina. three studies involved induced infection with d immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. in 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the ... | 1992 | 1586021 |
| the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area. | | 1992 | 1603928 |
| [myelitis caused by toxocara canis (larva migrans)]. | a young woman presented with recurrent myelitis associated with persistent eosinophilia in blood and csf. specific serological procedures in blood and csf led to the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans. the patient recovered after 21 days of treatment with diethylcarbamazine. to our knowledge, this is the second report of myelitis in the course of visceral larva migrans. | 1992 | 1604114 |
| the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area. | | 1992 | 1609053 |
| [ocular toxocara canis in a 30-year-old adult]. | pars plana vitrectomy was performed in a 30-year-old patient who presented a posterior traction detachment due to an inflammatory granuloma. the granuloma removed in toto during surgery revealed characteristic features of toxocariasis lesion (first case described in the literature). an elisa test performed on a vitreous sample was strongly positive. retinotomy around the granuloma was necessary to re-attach the retina and silicone oil was used as a tamponade for 4 months. va improved from hm to ... | 1992 | 1614145 |
| acute eosinophilic pneumonia due to toxocariasis with bronchoalveolar lavage findings. | a previously healthy young man presented with breathlessness, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on the chest x-ray film, and a high degree of peripheral blood eosinophilia. analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid showed 64 percent eosinophils. a diagnosis of toxocariasis was eventually reached on the basis of a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for toxocara canis. the routine performance of the elisa test for toxocara in the diagnostic approach to pulmonary infiltration with ... | 1992 | 1623771 |
| a method for the recovery of infective larvae from toxocara canis eggs for collection of larval secretory/excretory products. | | 1992 | 1626874 |
| toxocara canis: a labile antigenic surface coat overlying the epicuticle of infective larvae. | an electron-dense coat covering the surface of toxocara canis infective-stage larvae is described. this coat readily binds to cationized ferritin and ruthenium red, indicating a net negative charge and mucopolysaccharide content, and can be visualized by immuno-electron microscopy only if cryosectioning is employed. monoclonal antibodies reactive to the surface of live larvae bind the surface coat but not the underlying cuticle in ultrathin cryosections. the surface coat is dissipated on exposur ... | 1992 | 1639165 |
| cross-reactions of sera from toxocara canis-infected mice with toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum antigens. | the elisa method using larval excretory-secretory (e/s) products and homogenized toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum adult worm extract were used to determine possible cross-reactions in balb/c and c57bl/10 mice, inoculated with embryonated eggs or adult worm extract of t. canis in single and multiple doses. when we used sera of mice infected with embryonated eggs of t. canis against different heterologous antigens, we observed no cross-reactions in balb/c mice against a. suum e/ ... | 1992 | 1639565 |
| analysis of local antibody production in the vitreous humor of patients with severe uveitis. | we analyzed the local antibody production in vitreous humor samples collected during vitrectomy in patients with severe vision-threatening uveitis. in 24 patients, paired serum and undiluted vitreous humor samples were collected and tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and toxocara canis. total igg and the goldmann-witmer coefficient were determined. the initial diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis could ... | 1991 | 1651055 |
| the distribution and localization of the stage-specific gp31 antigen from infective ostertagia circumcincta larvae. | the 31,000 mol. wt glycoprotein (gp31) antigen of infective third-stage (l3) ostertagia circumcincta larvae was shown, by surface labelling experiments and immunofluorescent antibody staining of whole larvae and larval sections, to be distributed internally. when transverse sections of l3 o. circumcincta, taken from the anterior pharyngeal region, were further examined by electron microscopy, after immunogold staining with rabbit anti-gp31 antiserum, the gp31 antigen was found to be specifically ... | 1990 | 1690183 |
| in vivo changes of hemopoietic progenitors and the expression of the interleukin 5 gene in eosinophilic mice infected with toxocara canis. | it has been demonstrated that purified recombinant interleukin 5 (ril-5) supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophilic precursors in vitro and plays an important role in increasing the functional activities of eosinophils. in this study, we examined the hemopoietic changes and analyzed murine (m) il-5 mrna expression in eosinophilic mice infected with the helminth toxocara canis. in eosinophilic mice, eosinophils increased in number in both bone marrow and spleen. howev ... | 1990 | 1699772 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to young-adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis. | three igg1 and one igg2a monoclonal antibodies were obtained by fusion of ns-1 cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with young-adult worm antigen of a. cantonensis. these 4 monoclonal antibodies were specific to a. cantonensis without cross-reactivity to any antigens of toxocara canis, ascaris suum, clonorchis sinensis, dirofilaria immitis, paragonimus westermani, gnathostoma spinigerum, strongyloides stercoralis and anisakis spp. detected by elisa. the affinity constants of monoclon ... | 1990 | 1701759 |
| monoclonal antibodies to secreted antigens of brugia malayi define a cross-reactive non-phosphocholine determinant on helminth parasites. | the excretory-secretory (es) antigens of the filarial parasite brugia malayi adult (bma) and microfilariae (mf) were analysed for differences in their protein composition by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. both bma and mf biosynthetically labelled with [3h]-leucine released a 200 kd molecule with pi (isoelectric point) ranging from 5.1 to 6.8. a monoclonal antibody (moab) to phosphocholine (pc) immunoprecipitated the 200 kd molecule with a pi of 5.1-5.3 from both bma and mf. immunization of ... | 1991 | 1717373 |
| larval exoantigens from ascarid nematodes are potent inducers of histamine release from human blood basophils. | histamine release (hr) from washed human blood cells after challenge with the excretory-secretory antigens (es) of the parasitic nematodes toxocara canis and ascaris suum was studied, employing a recently developed microfibre-based assay combined with hyperosmolar release media for maximal sensitivity. blood samples were obtained from 30 patients suspected of parasite infection and 11 healthy volunteers serving as controls. specific antibodies of ige, igg1 and igg4 subclasses were determined by ... | 1991 | 1723345 |
| identification of dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs with a coagglutination assay. | the presence of dirofilaria immitis excretory-secretory (es) products was detected in the urine of infected dogs using a coagglutination assay. urine samples from 30 naturally infected dogs were positive. seventeen of them were microfilaremic, whereas 13 had become amicrofilaremic after receiving 2 courses of diethylcarbamazine. urine samples from 20 dogs infected with other parasites, dipetalonema reconditum (7), toxocara canis (5), and ancylostoma caninum (8), and urine samples from 20 healthy ... | 1992 | 1738064 |
| toxocara canis and pregnancy in mice. | | 1991 | 1755075 |
| evaluation of a beef-based chewable formulation of pyrantel pamoate against induced and natural infections of hookworms and ascarids in dogs. | pyrantel pamoate, formulated in a beef-based chewable tablet, was evaluated for efficacy in dogs against induced and natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. dose titration trials were conducted in canada, the uk and germany in dogs treated with pyrantel (as pamoate salt) at 0, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg kg-1 body weight. these studies showed that a dose rate of 2.5 mg kg-1, the efficacy of pyrantel against adult t. canis, t. leonina, u. sten ... | 1991 | 1763481 |
| the effect of the initial inoculum dose and post-infection period on larval dispersal in experimental murine toxocariasis. | the distribution of toxocara canis larvae throughout the tissues of mice was studied in three groups of fourty mice each using three inocula sizes, (200/500 and 1000 eggs/mice). the results obtained revealed a significant interaction between the duration of infection, the inoculum size and the dispersal rate of larvae through the examined organs of experimented with mice. | 1991 | 1765691 |
| the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area. | toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the dog. human infection is acquired when ova of t. canis are ingested. parks and play areas contaminated with dog faeces are recognised as potential sources of infection. five hundred and twenty one soil samples were examined from fifteen parks and gardens in the greater london area to establish the prevalence of soil contamination in those facilities. samples were examined using a magnesium sulphate floatation method. t. canis ova were found in 6.3% of ... | 1991 | 1767007 |
| immunodiagnosis of toxocarosis in humans: evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. | excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen derived from second-stage larvae of toxocara canis maintained in defined medium in vitro has been well established worldwide for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocarosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. such an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on the detection of human anti-t. canis (e/s antigen) serum immunoglobulin g, has recently been commercialized by biokema-affinity products (crissier-lausanne, switzerland). this commercial test kit was evalua ... | 1991 | 1774303 |
| comparison of isolates and species of toxocara and toxascaris by biosynthetic labelling of somatic and es proteins from infective larvae. | infective-stage larvae of three different isolates of toxocara canis were intrinsically ([35s]methionine) labelled in culture, to determine the presence of similarities or differences in the somatic and es antigens expressed between larvae derived from different hosts and different geographical regions. two other closely related ascaridids, toxascaris leonina which infects cats and dogs, and toxocara vitulorum (neoascaris vitulorum) which infects cattle, were also compared to t. canis larvae by ... | 1991 | 1780182 |
| fetal response to maternal ascariasis as evidenced by anti ascaris lumbricoides igm antibodies in the cord blood. | the immune response of the fetus to maternal infection with ascaris lumbricoides was studied by estimating igg and igm antibodies, using elisa, in 28 paired samples of mother and cord blood. a. lumbricoides adult male, cuticle and unembryonated egg antigen was used. toxocara canis larva antigen was used as a specificity control. presence of igg in the cord blood does not signify fetal response, but the presence of igm antibodies does. igm antibodies to ascaris adult male antigen were present in ... | 1991 | 1785284 |
| hatching of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis: a rapid method for processing large numbers of worms. | a method for hatching second-stage larvae of toxocara canis is described. whole adult worms are processed by centrifugation in the presence of hypochlorite which allows the grinding step to be eliminated. the technique is more rapid and a high yield is obtained. | 1991 | 1795093 |
| prevalence of endoparasites in dog faecal deposits in jordan. | of 756 dog faecal deposits collected from the road side and public places in five jordanian governorates 466 (61.6%) harboured parasite ova, oocysts and/or larvae. of these, 67.7%, 26.8%, 4.1% and 1.4% revealed one, two, three and four different types of parasite ova, oocysts or larvae in the same sample, respectively. examination of the infected samples revealed that 44.1% contained taeniid ova, 19.8% dipylidium caninum, 19% toxocara canis, 8% sarcocystis spp. oocysts, 5% hookworm larvae, 1.5% ... | 1991 | 1795094 |
| effects of heterologous helminth infections on passive transfer of immunity using a mouse monoclonal ige antibody against schistosoma japonicum. | passive transfer of immunity using a mouse monoclonal ige antibody against schistosoma japonicum was found to be enhanced by heterologous helminth infections. balb/c mice were infected with toxocara canis or nippostrongylus brasiliensis so as to induce eosinophilia prior to a challenge infection with s. japonicum. recovery of adult schistosomes decreased in a group of mice that had been infected with t. canis and challenged with cercariae at the cutaneous site of sensitization with the ige antib ... | 1991 | 1805210 |
| application of the western blotting procedure for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. | to improve the immunodiagnosis of human toxocaral disease, a sensitive and specific assay using the western blotting procedure (wb) with excretory-secretory antigens from toxocara canis larvae (tes) was developed and compared with the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (tes-elisa) using the same antigens. we tested groups of sera from laboratory animals or patients presenting with toxocariasis or other helminthic diseases and a group of sera from people dwelling in an area endemic ... | 1991 | 1805214 |
| larvicidal activity of actinomycete isolate against toxocara canis. | a soil isolate of actinomycete, strain s-70, revealing presence of plasmid(s) was placed in the genus streptomyces according to the wall composition and morphology. the toxicity of s-70 grown on two fermentation media, glucose-asparagine broth (gab) and malt extract-yeast extract broth (mye), against infective larvae of toxocara canis was assessed. the use of mortality test has provided a sensitive and reproducible bioassay. the results suggest high larvicidal activity of the streptomyces crude ... | 1991 | 1822469 |
| purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis and excretory-secretory antigen(s) of toxocara canis expand in vitro human t cells with stable and opposite (type 1 t helper or type 2 t helper) profile of cytokine production. | a large series of t cell clones (tcc) specific for purified protein derivative (ppd) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (total 60) or toxocara canis excretory/secretory (tes) antigen (total 69) were established from the peripheral blood of two healthy individuals and analyzed for their profile of cytokine production in response to stimulation with either the specific antigen or the polyclonal activator phorbol myristate acetate plus anti-cd3 antibody. under both these experimental conditions, the gre ... | 1991 | 1829097 |
| t cells, ige antibodies, cytokines and allergic inflammation. | t helper cell (th) subsets producing interleukin 4 (il-4) or gamma interferon (ifn) play a reciprocal role in the regulation of human ige synthesis. though necessary, il-4 alone was insufficient. patients with hyper-ige had significantly lower proportions of t-cells that produce ifn and tnf, but not il-2 or il-4. in patients with helminth infections or atopy production of ige and eosinophilia may result from expansion of th-2-like cells. t cell clones (tcc) specific for allergens and toxocara ca ... | 1991 | 1831617 |
| helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis of t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 human t cell clones: the help of th1 clones is limited by their cytolytic capacity. | a large number of cd4+ human t helper type 1 (th1) clones specific for purified protein derivative and of th2 clones specific for the excretory/secretory antigen of toxocara canis, derived from the same individuals, were analyzed for both cytotoxic capacity and helper function for immunoglobulin (ig) synthesis. the great majority of th1, but only a minority of th2 clones exhibited cytolytic activity. all th2 (noncytolytic) clones induced igm, igg, iga, and ige synthesis by autologous b cells in ... | 1991 | 1833502 |
| parasitism of toxocara canis larvae in japanese quails by inoculation of the ascarid eggs. | the distribution of t. canis larvae and pathological changes caused by them were studied in japanese quails orally inoculated with 1,500, 4,000 or 15,000 embryonated eggs. larvae were distributed mainly in the liver and, to lesser extent, in the muscles, brain, eyes and other organs. the number of larvae varied from 7 to 3,346, and from 1 to 288 in the liver and muscles (breast and legs), respectively. a small number of larvae were also recovered from the heart, gizzard, brain and eyes. in the g ... | 1991 | 1836373 |
| families, parks, gardens and toxocariasis. | toxocara canis antibody titres were measured in members of 30 families. 73/140 (52.1%) family members were seropositive for t. canis at a dilution greater than or equal to 1:50 and 11 (7.8%) had reciprocal titres greater than or equal to 800. toxocara ova were sought (a) in relation to the 30 families and (b) in the community. no toxocara ova were found in household dust samples. 38% of family gardens contained toxocara ova while 6% of soil samples from public parks and open spaces around housin ... | 1991 | 1853172 |
| hymenolepis nana: immunity against oncosphere challenge in mice previously given viable or non-viable oncospheres of h. nana, h. diminuta, h. microstoma and taenia taeniaeformis. | when mice, previously given oral inoculation with viable oncospheres of the heterologous cestode species (hymenolepis diminuta, h. microstoma, taenia taeniaeformis) and the homologous one (h. nana), were challenged with oncospheres of h. nana 4 days after the primary inoculation, they showed strong and complete resistance to h. nana challenge, respectively. however, the resistance was not evoked in mice given either infective eggs of toxocara canis or non-viable oncospheres of all cestode specie ... | 1991 | 1869358 |
| [seroepidemiologic studies of human toxocariasis]. | people of southern germany as well as european and non european asylum applicants were examined for toxocara-infection by means of an elisa with excretory/secretory antigen of toxocara canis-larvae; in default of a reference method the cut off was defined statistically. in the stuttgart area, the average seroprevalence of healthy blood donors was 4.8%; children aged 1-7 years showed a seroprevalence of 2.1%. however the low percentage in children sera is probably not the effect of a lower risk o ... | 1991 | 1872941 |
| kinetics of the reduction of oxaloacetate catalyzed by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of toxocara canis muscle. | 1. the reaction of reduction of oxaloacetate to l-malate in the presence of nadh catalyzed by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.37) of toxocara canis muscle has been studied. 2. the data obtained in initial velocity experiments as well as those involving product inhibition suggest that the reaction mechanism is of the sequential type with a kinetically significant ternary complex and in which the coenzymes bind to the free enzyme. 3. the kinetic parameters, including the inhibition co ... | 1991 | 1873988 |
| toxocara canis antibodies by counter immuno-electrophoresis. | counter immunoelectrophoresis was used for anti-toxocaral antibodies in mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis using adult worm antigen. the test seems to be valuable and gives good information about the infected rate. | 1991 | 1875082 |
| serologic evidence of toxocariasis in northeast brazil. | sera from 54 brazilian children with a history of tropical eosinophilia syndrome were screened for toxocariasis. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 21 positive sera (40%). many of these cases (15 of 21) were positive for dilofilaria immitis as well. of the six toxocara-positive children with hypereosinophilia, two were asthmatic. their sera were further examined by the toxocara species-specific ouchterlony's diffusion-in-gel test and one toxocara canis and one t. cati infections were ... | 1991 | 1875551 |
| acquired immunity to toxocara canis infection in mice. | acquired immunity develops against toxocara canis infection in mice, and nih mice are more immunoresponsive than cd1 mice. twice infected nih female mice showed 27% reduction in the total larval recoveries compared with non-sensitized controls. twice-infected nih male, and cd1 (both sexes) mice showed a negligible reduction in the total recoveries, though a significant (p less than 0.05) number of larvae were retained in the liver compared with the non-sensitized controls. all twice-infected mic ... | 1991 | 1882497 |
| trichinella spiralis: a 76-kda excretory/secretory larval antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody. | spleen cells from balb/c mice were fused with myeloma cells following infection of the mice with trichinella spiralis larvae and an ip booster injection with larval homogenate antigen. a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated as ts 3g6 which did not react with sera or tissue extracts from noninfected mice, rats, and guinea pigs, was selected for further studies because of its high activity and specificity. when tested in elisa ts 3g6 did not cross-react with ascaris suum, a. lumbricoides, toxocar ... | 1991 | 1889470 |
| a seroepidemiologic survey of human dirofilariosis in western spain. | the objective of this work is to define the prevalence of igm and igg antibodies against dirofilaria immitis in an exposed human population. 395 individuals attending primary care facilities in an area endemic with canine dirofilariasis were studied, as well as 100 non exposed individuals. an elisa method was used for the detection of igg and igm antidirofilarial antibodies. sera were preadsorbed with antigens of toxocara canis, ascaris suum, echinoccocus granulosus and fasciola hepatica to prev ... | 1991 | 1896765 |
| intestinal changes in puppies infected with toxocara canis. | small intestinal histopathology and absorption were examined in beagle puppies infected with either a moderate or a low burden of toxocara canis. infection with t. canis significantly reduced absorption of xylose, but only slightly delayed absorption of para-aminobenzoic acid. fat assimilation was reduced and faecal proteolytic activity was increased. a significant reduction in villous height occurred and was inversely related to the extent of the infection. villous goblet cell numbers, particul ... | 1991 | 1918455 |
| [first case of human toxocariasis (?) with adult worms in the circulatory system, detected by the presence of embryonated eggs in hemolysis concentration]. | ascarids's eggs were found by blood concentration in a cameroonese patient with hypereosinophilia. eggs, similar to those of toxocara canis or cati, were present in 6 blood concentrations carried out during 7 weeks. these eggs (70-75 x 100-112 microns) contained embryos and hatching of 437-504 microns long larvae was sometimes observed. the presence of adult worms in a well oxygenated localization (e.g.; the left ventricle) was supposed. a pleural effusion was also observed but the low number of ... | 1991 | 1952699 |
| eosinophil peroxidase levels in hearts and lungs of mice infected with toxocara canis. | toxocara canis infection of abnormal hosts results in a condition in which infective larvae migrate through the soft tissues of the body, exclusive of the skin. this condition is known as visceral larva migrans (vlm) and causes a syndrome characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, hypereosinophilia, and transient pulmonary infiltrates. because of the known association between hypereosinophilia and eosinophilic heart disease, we have been studying the hearts of mice infected with t. ... | 1991 | 1953850 |
| survey of veterinarians' recommendations for treatment and control of intestinal parasites in dogs: public health implications. | a systematic, random sample of 450 small and mixed-animal practitioners was selected from the client list of a prominent veterinary pharmaceutical and animal health company. a telephone survey was conducted, using a standard questionnaire, to assess whether current veterinary practices concerning prophylaxis and treatment of canine roundworm (toxocara canis) and hookworm (ancylostoma spp) infections are adequate to prevent transmission to human beings. analysis of results focused on 3 questions ... | 1991 | 1955360 |
| humoral immune responses in human infection with the whipworm trichuris trichiura. | the humoral immune response to infection with trichuris trichirua was investigated by elisa and immunoblotting using human sera from the caribbean island of st lucia. immunoblot analysis of the degree of cross-reactivity with the related trichuroid trichinella spiralis and with the other commonly co-existent nematodes, ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis, was carried out using selected sera. the igm, iga, ige, and igg subclass antibody levels were measured in elisa using a detergent solubili ... | 1991 | 1956697 |
| experimental infection of japanese quail with toxocara canis larvae through earthworms. | the migration and distribution of toxocara canis larvae in the tissues of earthworms exposed to 5 x 10(5) infective eggs in soil, as well as the reinfectivity of the larvae in japanese quail fed with three earthworms, were studied. the average number of larvae recovered from an earthworm gradually declined from 9 +/- 3.21 to 4.5 +/- 2.00 at 4-16 days. no larvae were recovered at day 20. when compared between three portions of the earthworms' body, the middle part showed the greatest recovery in ... | 1991 | 1957494 |
| [immunological screening of clonorchiasis]. | crude antigens of clonorchis sinensis adult worms were purified by sephadex g-200 column chromatography. a purified antigen was then applied to detect clonorchiasis patients and parasite-free subjects by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an intradermal test (idt). the results of the elisa showed that specific antibody levels of igg, igm, iga, ige and total ige in 371 infected patients were significantly higher than those of 181 parasite-free subjects (student's t-test, p less than ... | 1990 | 1973711 |
| surface associated glycoproteins from toxocara canis larval parasites. | the surface of infective larvae of toxocara canis, the dog ascarid nematode, reveals relatively few exposed surface proteins which can be recovered in soluble form. the major components identified by surface labelling have molecular weights of 32, 55, 70 and 120 kilodaltons (kda), and are all significantly glycosylated. all are recognised by the immune response in definitive (canine) and paratenic (murine or human) hosts. expression of these antigens on the parasite surface begins after the larv ... | 1990 | 1978535 |
| immunologic relevance of the cuticle and epicuticle of larval dirofilaria immitis and toxocara canis. | investigations of the immunobiology of tissue stages of larval nematodes reveal several common, immunologically relevant features associated with the cuticle and epicuticle. first, commonality exists between surface and excretory-secretory antigens. second, larval surfaces are often directly involved in evasion of host immune responses. third, antigens present on the parasite surface can be involved in immunopathology, either directly through tissue damage or via systemic immunomodulatory events ... | 1990 | 1978539 |
| hepatic eosinophilopoiesis from multipotent hemopoietic stem cells in toxocara canis-infected mice. | extramedullary hemopoiesis, recognized as hemopoietic foci, increased in the livers of toxocara canis-infected mice. at the peak of the response (day-13 after infection), the majority of hepatic hemopoietic foci were of the eosinophil lineage. hepatic nonparenchymal cells prepared from t. canis-infected mice on day 13 contained large numbers of hemopoietic stem cells, more than half of which were cycling. when w/wv mice, which are genetically deficient in multipotent hemopoietic stem cells, were ... | 1991 | 1991497 |
| parasites, pets, and people. | it is important for the family physician to understand that patients' relationships with their pets play an important role in helping maintain mental and physical health yet provide the potential for causing illness in the patient. toxocara canis (dog roundworm) and toxocara cati (cat roundworm) are the ascarids most commonly responsible for vlm and ocular larva migrans in humans. these roundworms live in their adult stage in the small intestine of the dog and cat where their eggs are passed in ... | 1991 | 2011635 |
| a field evaluation of treatment with febantel for the control of toxocara canis in pups. | the faecal egg count depression (fecd) of febantel (rintal vet. 100 mg tablets, bayer ag, veterinär-bereich, leverkusen), against toxocara canis was tested in suckling pups treated at 2 weeks of age. the dose rate was 30 mg kg-1 body weight given orally, once every 12 h, three times. the effect of a further treatment of 6- and 12-week-old pups on excreted eggs was also evaluated. the fecd of 6-week-old pups was 100%. however, some of the 12- and 17-week-old pups had low eggs per gram (epg) value ... | 1991 | 2024429 |
| helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in belgium. | this study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. of 2324 faecal flotations (nacl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of toxocara canis (17.4%), toxascaris leonina (10.1%), uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and ce ... | 1991 | 2024431 |
| [anti-a/b-igm/g immune response to accidental a-o transfusion and to toxocara canis infestation]. | we have applied a sensitive and reproducible ab0-elisa, in combination with a hemagglutination test, for the study of class- and subclass specific humoral immune response in the ab0 system upon challenge by the intravenous route (a-type blood in a 0-recipient) and by helminthic a and b blood group antigen (toxocara canis). after accidental transfusion, peak booster concentrations of anti-a-igg reached 411 micrograms per g total igg, with igg1 and igg2 subclasses evenly distributed. with toxocara ... | 1991 | 2028238 |
| [diagnosis of toxocariasis in uveitis in children]. | seventeen children aged 2 to 13, suffering from uveitis of unknown etiology, were screened for chronic infections, toxocariasis included. antibodies to toxocara canis were detected in the blood of two children with negative results of tests for toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpetic and cytomegaloviral infections. one of these two suffered from panuveitis, the other from granulomatous chorioretinitis. both the clinical forms are characteristic of ocular toxocariasis. | 1991 | 2035200 |
| mri in cerebral toxocaral disease. | toxocara canis, the common roundworm in the dog, can cause "visceral larva migrans" syndrome in humans, which may include generalised illness, eosinophilia, and symptoms arising from larval invasion of different organs. of these, the clinically most important are liver, lungs, eyes and cns. involvement of the different parts of the cns in human toxocaral disease has been described, but not the ct or mri appearances of the cerebral lesions. in one case with a single focal epileptic fit, ct was de ... | 1991 | 2056324 |
| toxocara canis-induced airway hyporeactivity in mice. | migrating larvae of the canine nematode toxocara canis induce inflammatory responses in the lungs of infected mice. histological examination of the lungs showed that mice, developed persistent multifocal inflammation in which eosinophils (eos), macrophages (m phi) and many lymphocytes were involved. cuffing of blood vessels and bronchioles with mixed cell populations was also observed. investigation into the response of isolated tracheae to cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists demon ... | 1990 | 2080767 |
| [toxocariasis]. | up to present time the data concerning toxocariasis++ have been presented. toxocariasis++ is difficult for diagnosis because of lack of specificity and multiorgan changes due to the invasion by toxocara canis or cati. we pay attention the problem distribution of this parasitosis in poland and world is still actual especially among children. we have presented epidemiological data and means diagnosis of this diseases and the treatment patients and prophylaxis has been stressed. | 1990 | 2084802 |
| [peripheral uveitis caused by toxocara larvae]. | the authors present an eight year old girl suffering from peripheral uveitis caused by toxocara sp. larva migration. chronic uveitis was already present when the girl went to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic because of lack of sight in her right eye. carefully taken past medical history, especially epidemiological, as well as history of recent complaints (fever, general infectious syndrome), pointed to the possible toxocariasis. a specialist for infectious diseases was consulted, tests made a ... | 1990 | 2093788 |
| [an unusual case of systemic toxocariasis]. | systemic toxocariasis generally causes fever, liver enlargement and lymph node swelling. this is an unusual case report which was initially confused with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis due to the presence of fever, arthralgias, arthritis of the smaller joints, important leukocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia, besides testing positive for rheumatoid factor type igm. after finding severe eosinophilia in both the patient's blood as well as in the bone marrow, systemic toxocariasis was diagnosed als ... | 1990 | 2098039 |
| serologic differentiation between toxocara canis and toxocara cati. | | 1990 | 2121841 |
| visceral larva migrans: a seroepidemiological survey in five municipalities of são paulo state, brazil. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), employing antigens from toxocara canis larvae and the absortion of suspected sera with ascaris lumbricoides extracts was used in a seroepidemiological study performed in five municipalities of são paulo state, brazil (são paulo, campinas, santos, marília and presidente prudente) in order to determine the frequency of antibodies to toxocara. in 2,025 blood samples collected, 806 proceeded from male subjects and 1,219 from females; 483 samples were col ... | 1990 | 2135374 |
| eosinophil chemotactic factor released from murine bone marrow derived cultured mast cells. | release of eosinophil chemotactic factor (ecf) from murine bone marrow derived cultured mast cells was examined. as the indicator cells for in vitro chemotaxis assay, eosinophils were obtained from bone marrow of cyclophosphamide-treated and toxocara canis-infected mice. when cultured mast cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore a23187 or ige-antigen, they released ecf as well as beta-hexosaminidase. ecf-release was not observed when they were stimulated with compound 48/80. freeze-thawed e ... | 1990 | 2141250 |
| kinetics of liver trapping of infective larvae in murine toxocariasis. | mice sensitized by prior infection with toxocara canis eggs trap many larvae of a challenge infection within the liver. in this study the distribution of challenge larvae in sensitized mice was examined to determine the earliest onset of liver trapping and to establish if the previously described phenomenon truly represented larval trapping. in all experiments, c57bl/6j mice were infected with a sensitization dose of 125 infective t. canis eggs on day 0 postinfection (pi) and challenged with 500 ... | 1990 | 2143225 |
| human and dogs toxocara canis infection in a poor neighborhood in bogota. | prevalence of toxocara canis antibodies was studied in a poor community of bogotá, colombia. two-hundred-seven patients, from both sexes and all age groups, were studied. positive elisa titers were found in 47.5% of the population, a high prevalence compared with reports from developed countries. t. canis ova were positive in 43.6% of fecal samples from dog puppies. an endemic pattern of the disease is described: socioeconomic status, weather, pollution, poor hygiene and a significant population ... | 1990 | 2215237 |
| seroepidemiological studies on human pulmonary dirofilariasis in spain. | preliminary data are presented on a serological survey of the human population of an area with a high prevalence of dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. five per cent of the sera were positive for igg. simultaneous radiological study revealed a pulmonary nodule in one of the positive patients, and in this case the evolution of igg and igm levels was followed over a period of three months. none of the positive sera reacted with toxocara canis antigens. | 1990 | 2222022 |
| [toxocariasis in emek israel]. | toxocariasis is a rare zoonotic disease in israel. it usually affects children under the age of 10. toxocara canis and toxocara catis are common parasites among dogs and cats which affect man when he ingests the eggs of these helminths. we describe 3 children with different clinical presentations of the infestation. a 6-year-old boy had pain in the muscles of the limbs and diffuse patches in the right lower lobes on x-ray; a 7-year-old girl presented with a limp; and a 3-year-old boy had abdomin ... | 1990 | 2227672 |
| immunodiagnostics of toxocara canis in suspected ocular and visceral manifestations. | sera from patients with ocular and visceral manifestations of toxocariasis were tested by precipitin absorption (pat), counter-immunoelectrophoresis (ciep), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifat) and elisa. the ocular cases revealed a percentage of positivity of 36% by pat, 0% by ciep, 32% and 28% by ifat with embryonated egg (ee) and frozen section antigens (fs) respectively and 40% by elisa. the visceral cases revealed 44% positively by pat, 24% by ciep 52% and 48% by ifat with ee and fs respect ... | 1990 | 2227709 |
| the in vitro adherence of murine eosinophils, neutrophils and non-induced and induced macrophages to infective larvae of toxocara canis (nematoda, ascarididae). | infective larvae of the parasite nematode toxocara canis were incubated in vitro with murine eosinophils, neutrophils and non-induced and induced macrophages. the interactions between the different types of cells and the worms were observed in the presence or absence of immune mouse serum and/or complement. cells showed considerable differences in the manner, duration and outcome of this interaction. despite the adhesion of cells to the larvae of t. canis, there was no evidence of damage to the ... | 1990 | 2228423 |
| immunization against experimental visceral toxocariasis canis. | immunization of rabbits against visceral toxocariasis using t. canis larval glycoproteins showed a marked reduction in the larvae burden and a significant rise of serum ige in immunized rabbits infected with toxocara canis as compared with non-immunized infected control group. more reduction of larval burden was observed after larger doses of t. canis larvated eggs inoculation. | 1990 | 2230318 |
| activated eosinophils increase vascular permeability and resistance in isolated perfused rat lungs. | the effects of eosinophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (pma) on isolated perfused rat lungs were examined. eosinophils were obtained from lungs of rats infected with toxocara canis by bronchoalveolar lavage, incubated with pma, and administered to an isolated perfused rat lung preparation. vascular endothelial permeability was assessed by measuring the capillary filtration coefficient (kf,c) in the perfused lungs. in lungs receiving either no eosinophils (control) or nonactivated eo ... | 1990 | 2252261 |
| [inflammatory joint disease as a manifestation of toxocara canis larva migrans]. | we report a case of migrating joint involvement occurring as the first manifestation of toxocara canis larva migrans. we also reviewed the literature on joint disease caused by parasitic infections. diagnostic criteria are described. we suggest that an immunoallergic mechanism is involved. furthermore, the therapeutic trial with thiabendazole contributed usefully to the diagnosis in our patient. | 1990 | 2256639 |
| [toxocara canis in apparently bilateral ocular site]. | the authors report a rare case of ocular larva migrans lesions due toxocara canis in an 8-year-old child. lesions were bilateral, consisting of peripheral chorioretinal granuloma, papillitis and vasculitis. diagnosis was confirmed by eosinophilia (37%), positive serology in blood and aqueous humour and by raised immunoglobulins e in vitreous humour. the presence of vascular and chorioretinal lesions was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. the patient was treated with antihelminthic drugs, t ... | 1990 | 2258556 |
| decrease in litter size of female mice with toxocara canis. | | 1990 | 2278083 |
| [a questionable parasitic macular cyst]. | a 60 year old male patient is introduced who developed a loss of vision caused by chorioretinal cystic alteration in the macula of the left eye 9 months after a routine extracapsular cataract surgery with implantation of posterior chamber lens. there existed no other general symptoms, hematologic values and serology were regular. having discussed literature the diagnosis of solitary toxocara canis granuloma was produced. | 1990 | 2280571 |
| evaluation of chemotherapy in experimental toxocarosis by determination of specific immune complexes. | parasitism by the larval phase of toxocara canis is a chronic process in which the larvae survive in the tissues, resulting in the constant stimulation of the immune system. as a result, the detection of specific antibodies may not reflect the active state of the parasite. we have studied the dynamics of the production of specific immune complexes by elisa with the monoclonal antibody tc-1 in rabbits inoculated with single and multiple doses of t. canis eggs. we also compared this with the produ ... | 1990 | 2283468 |
| effect of egg dosage and host genotype on liver trapping in murine larval toxocariasis. | in this study we examined the effect of various initial sensitizing doses of infective toxocara canis eggs and the effect of murine host genotype on the level of trapping of larvae in the liver after larval challenge. in the initial experiments, c57bl/6j mice were infected with a sensitization dose of 5, 25, 75, 125, or 250 infective t. canis eggs on day 0 postinfection (pi). on day 28 pi all mice were challenged with 500 infective eggs. on days 7, 14, and 21 postchallenge (pc) larval numbers wi ... | 1990 | 2299528 |
| toxocara infection and epilepsy in children: a case-control study. | a case-control study of 305 children was done to evaluate the relationship between toxocariasis and seizures and risk factors associated with toxocariasis transmission and seizure onset. a significant association existed between seropositivity for anti-toxocara canis and seizures (p less than 0.05); the correlation was closest in children aged less than 5 years of age. among risk factors, pica was more common in children with seizures than in controls but was not associated with toxocariasis. th ... | 1990 | 2303010 |
| field trials of the anthelmintic efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs. | the efficacies of nitroscanate and mebendazole against nematodes and dipylidium caninum were compared by the examination of the faeces of 155 dogs. in unweaned puppies nitroscanate acted significantly faster and was significantly more effective than mebendazole against toxocara canis. in adult dogs, both drugs had a low efficacy against trichuris vulpis but a similarly good efficacy against other nematodes, with a tendency for nitroscanate to be more effective in reducing the prevalence of ancyl ... | 1990 | 2309388 |