| [solid phase radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of antigen-specific igg-antibodies in the serum of patients with farmer's lung]. | in this study we have investigated a number of technical aspects of a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (microtitre-plate ria) for the quantitative determination of antigen-specific igg antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from farmer's lung. microtitre-plates were coated with antigens of aspergillus fumigatus, micropolyspora faeni, aureobasidium pullulans, alternaria tenuis, thermoactinomyces vulgaris and hay. optimal antigen concentration and serum dilution were determined, the te ... | 1987 | 3121779 |
| humidifier lung and humidifier fever. | the aim of our study was to evaluate clinical diagnoses in symptomatic persons exposed to aerosols from humidifiers or air conditioners. in addition, we tried to identify the causative antigens. results of clinical investigations, including inhalation challenge tests, demonstrated a typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis (humidifier lung) in 9 persons and isolated systemic symptoms without significant changes in lung function and chest x-rays (humidifier fever) in 3 persons. microbiological studie ... | 1988 | 3130530 |
| the nasal provocation test in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. ii. comparison with other diagnostic tests. | we standardized the npt by means of aar, and in the present study, we compared this technique with skin testing and the rast test. using alternaria tenuis and cat epithelium, the npt was found to be more specific than skin testing; in the case of phleum pratensis, no differences were observed. we conclude that the npt is an excellent diagnostic technique. | 1988 | 3194631 |
| phaeohyphomycosis caused by alternaria alternata in a cat. | phaeohyphomycosis caused by alternaria alternata was diagnosed in a 6-year-old cat. a lesion in the nose resulted in enlargement of the dorsum of the nose. similar appearing lesions had been removed from the dorsum of the nose 1 and 4 years earlier. the lesion recurred 3 months after surgical excision and irregular administration of ketoconazole. a second cytoreductive operation followed by 5 months' treatment with ketoconazole resolved the infection. nasal trauma occurring at 8 months and at 5 ... | 1988 | 3198465 |
| keratinophilic fungi on the hair of goats from the west bank of jordan. | the mycoflora of the hair in 178 goats from the west bank of jordan was analysed and the frequency of occurrence and the relative importance value for the different keratinophilic fungi found were calculated. one hundred and seven species which belong to 38 genera were isolated. thirty six of these species were either well recognised agents of mycoses (trichophyton mentagrophytes, t. verrucosum, and m. nanum), or have been frequently isolated from human and animal lesions (arthroderma spp., acre ... | 1988 | 3221912 |
| phaeohyphomycosis caused by alternaria alternata in a mare. | a phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by alternaria alternata is reported in a 5-month-old spanish mare. the diagnosis was made by direct microscopic examination and by repeated isolation of the fungus in culture. this is the first documented case to be reported in spain. | 1988 | 3246624 |
| keratomycosis due to alternaria alternata corneal transplant infection. | a 53-year-old woman was found to have an ulcer on her successfully transplanted corneal graft. many fungal elements were observed in the smear of the ulcerated tissue, and alternaria alternata was cultured. the ulcer was treated with pimaricin and thimerosol topically, and 5-fluorocytocin (5fc) generally and healed to scar after two months. the ulcer did not invade the host cornea, but remained in the donner cornea in all clinical course. the mic of five drugs on the isolated strain was followin ... | 1987 | 3317059 |
| alternaria infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and review of invasive alternaria infections. | a 31-year-old man with aids developed a necrotic lesion on his nasal septum due to alternaria alternata. excision and treatment with amphotericin b resulted in cure. this case expands the spectrum of opportunistic pathogens that infect patients with aids. visceral and mucosal infections due to alternaria have been reported in at least seven other patients. | 1987 | 3326127 |
| skin testing with extracts of fungal species derived from the homes of allergy clinic patients in toronto, canada. | airborne fungi in the homes of patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma, from a toronto allergy clinic population, were isolated, quantified and identified to species. allergen extracts were prepared from sixteen of these isolated species and used for skin-prick testing of twenty-six patients. fourteen of the total patients reacted to one or more of these extracts at 1:10 (w/v) concentrations. the most common positive skin responses (8/14 to 6/14) were found for cladosporium cladosporioides, al ... | 1988 | 3349592 |
| fungal volatiles associated with moldy grain in ventilated and non-ventilated bin-stored wheat. | the fungal odor compounds 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were monitored in nine experimental bins in winnipeg, manitoba containing a hard red spring wheat during the autumn, winter and summer seasons of 1984-85. quality changes were associated with seed-borne microflora and moisture content in both ventilated and non-ventilated bins containing wheat of 15.6 and 18.2% initial moisture content. all three odor compounds occurred in considerably greater amounts in bulk wheat in non- ... | 1988 | 3352722 |
| alternaria allergy: a three-year controlled study in children treated with immunotherapy. | in this prospective controlled study, 39 children with alternaria-induced asthma and/or rhinitis were followed-up over a 3-year period. skin tests and rast were positive to alternaria tenuis only. all children were treated with specific alternaria immunotherapy. the long-term results have shown that immunotherapy was successful in 80% of the children given more than 80.000 pnu. by contrast, the outcome of 40 selected controls also followed during the same period who did not receive immunotherapy ... | 1988 | 3381709 |
| viruslike particles in tentoxin-producing strains of alternaria alternata. | double-stranded (ds) rnas associated with viruslike particles have been found in six isolates of alternaria alternata which produce tentoxin. isolates had from one to three dsrnas ranging in size from 1.0 to 5.1 kilobase pairs. in two isolates the dsrnas were associated with 30-nm particles. no dsrna was detected in any of six other tentoxin-producing isolates or nine isolates which did not produce tentoxin. | 1988 | 3418789 |
| black fungi: a survey of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from clinical specimens identified over a five year period in a reference laboratory. | five hundred and fifty six dematiaceous hyphomycetes, the great majority referred from other laboratories, were identified by us over a five year period. of these, thirty five were regarded as being of probable pathogenetic significance. these included seven isolates associated with chromoblastomycosis, and seven isolates thought to be causing phaeohyphomycosis. there were six strains of phaeoannellomyces werneckii and five strains of sporothrix schenckii. seven isolates, all strains of aureobas ... | 1987 | 3431915 |
| a double-blind, multicenter immunotherapy trial in children, using a purified and standardized cladosporium herbarum preparation. i. clinical results. | a double-blind histamine placebo controlled immunotherapy trial was performed to investigate the clinical effect of a purified and standardized cladosporium herbarum allergen preparation. thirty children with a clinical history suggesting mould-induced asthma and/or rhinoconjunctivitis were included. the diagnosis was confirmed by positive skin prick test and phadebas rast as well as positive bronchial and/or conjunctival provocation test to cladosporium herbarum. immunotherapy was given for 10 ... | 1986 | 3518526 |
| mutagenicity of the alternaria metabolites altertoxins i, ii, and iii. | the ames salmonella typhimurium assay was used to demonstrate that an extract of the mold alternaria alternata was mutagenic. the mutagenic extract was fractionated, and the ames test was used to determine which fractions were mutagenic. subsequently, altertoxins i and ii and a new compound referred to as altertoxin iii were isolated by liquid chromatography and shown to be hydroxyperylenequinone compounds by mass spectrometry and infrared, ultraviolet, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ... | 1986 | 3535674 |
| comparison of the evolving histopathology of early and late cutaneous and asthmatic responses in rabbits after a single antigen challenge. | histopathologic changes during the immediate cutaneous response (icr) and late cutaneous response (lcr) to antigen challenge in allergic humans include dermal edema in the icr (15 to 30 minutes) followed by increasing cellular infiltration in the lcr (6 hours and more). no description of the evolving histopathologic changes that occur during an immediate asthmatic response (iar) followed by a late asthmatic response (lar) exists in either clinical studies or animal models. we examined cutaneous ... | 1987 | 3540448 |
| mutagenic perylenequinone metabolites of alternaria alternata: altertoxins i, ii, and iii. | the mold genus alternaria is a widely distributed plant pathogen. some of these species, e.g., a. alternata, are common decay organisms of fruits and vegetables. two novel perylene oxide metabolites, altertoxins ii and iii, have been identified in extracts of a. alternata isolates that exhibit mutagenic responses in the ames salmonella typhimurium assay. these identifications were based on mass, optical rotational, and 1h- and 13c-nmr spectral studies. previous reports of related perylene dione ... | 1986 | 3546597 |
| cross-reactivity between antigens of fungal extracts studied by rast inhibition and immunoblot technique. | we have used the rast-inhibition technique in homologous and heterologous inhibitions of the aspergillus fumigatus, alternaria tenuis, and cladosporium herbarum rast assays followed by the immunoblot technique to assess the degree of shared allergenic determinants in these extracts. in the aspergillus rast, there was little or no inhibition with cladosporium and alternaria, but considerable cross-reactivity was found between alternaria and cladosporium. inhibition by alternaria of the cladospori ... | 1987 | 3549841 |
| mycotoxin formation in moist 2-row and 6-row barley during granary storage. | eleven-kilogram parcels of 2-row and 6-row barley initially at 18% moisture content were implanted in dry bulk oats in a farm granary in manitoba for 60 weeks between august 1983 and october 1984. temperature, moisture content, o2 and co2 levels, fat acidity values, seed germination, microfloral incidence and abundance and the presence of major mycotoxins (aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin a, citrinin, penicillinic acid, patulin) were monitored. ochratoxin a reached maximum levels of 0.97 ... | 1987 | 3574439 |
| induction of mutagenesis and transformation by the extract of alternaria alternata isolated from grains in linxian, china. | alternaria alternata is commonly found in the grain in areas of high incidence of oesophageal cancer and is a suspected cancer-causing factor in linxian, china. in this study, this fungus was isolated from corn in linxian and cultured. the extract of this fungus was shown to induce 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in v79 cells and cause transformation of nih/3t3 mouse fibroblast cells. metabolic activation does not seem to be required for these activities. the mutagenic and transforming activitie ... | 1987 | 3594731 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. vi. stability of the allergen components of alternaria tenuis extracts under a variety of storage conditions. | the allergenic potencies of samples of two commercial alternaria tenuis extracts stored under various conditions were compared at 3 months intervals over a period of 1 year. aliquots of the extracts at 5.12 mg/ml were maintained in: saline; 50% glycerol-saline mixture; 0.4% phenol-saline; 0.4% phenol-saline containing 0.03% human serum albumin, and samples were also kept in lyophilized form. the samples were stored at -20, 4, 24, 37 and 56 degrees c. their potency was measured by radioallergosor ... | 1987 | 3596821 |
| variability of antigenicity/allergenicity in different strains of alternaria alternata. | biochemical and immunological properties were studied in crude mould extracts from 10 different strains of alternaria alternata. the mould strains were grown on completely synthetic medium and harvested under identical conditions. the biochemical and immunological analyses (protein content, carbohydrate content, ief, rast-inhibition, cie/crie and the content of a major allergen) showed significant variations between the individual strains of a. alternata. 32 antigens were identified in the cie p ... | 1987 | 3654005 |
| [allergy caused by alternaria in children]. | for many years molds have considered to be important causes of rhinitis and asthma but since they have been poorly studied many questions remain unanswered. allergological and epidemiological considerations have been made by the authors concerning the role of the alternaria tenuis in respiratory diseases in children. 253 subjects were skin tested, 9.48 percent had an immediate reaction, 3.55 were also positive to the fungus only. good correlation was observed between positive skin tests and rast ... | 1987 | 3658799 |
| mycoflora and trichothecene toxins of paddy grains from egypt. | 120 species and 38 genera were collected from 64 samples of paddy grains on glucose- and cellulose-czapek's agar at 28 degrees c. the total count of glycophilic and cellulose-decomposing fungi fluctuated between 216-29760; and 124-11320 colonies/g paddy grains on the two media, respectively. on glucose agar, the most common species were aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. sydowi, a. terreus, a. fumigatus, a. ochraceus, penicillium chrysogenum, p. corylophilum, fusarium oxysporum, alternaria alterna ... | 1987 | 3696188 |
| detection of allergens in mould and mite preparations by a nitrocellulose electroblotting technique. | the allergen composition of moulds (alternaria alternata and aspergillus fumigatus) and mites (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farinae) was studied by electroblotting. the allergens were separated by sds-gpage and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane by electroblotting. specific ige antibodies directed against mould and mite allergens were utilized as probes to detect the allergens. the bands were localized on the nitrocellulose membrane by means of enzyme- or isotope-lab ... | 1986 | 3733230 |
| [mycoflora of hay and straw]. | studies were carried out on hay and straw to establish the composition of mycoflora in them. they were sampled both at the time of harvesting and after storing for four to five months. it was found that the hay and straw were most often inseminated with spores of the fungus species alternaria tenuis, aspergillus fumigatus, mucor hiemalis, penicillium sp., and more rarely with spores of fusarium, chaetomium, scopulariopsis, cladosporium, trichoderma, and stachybotrys alternans. it was demonstrate ... | 1986 | 3739224 |
| basidiomycete mycelia and spore-allergen extracts: skin test reactivity in adults with symptoms of respiratory allergy. | one hundred fifty adults, with respiratory-allergic disease, and 14 control subjects, without symptoms of respiratory allergy, were skin prick tested with 16 common inhalant allergens, 12 extracts of mycelia from basidiomycetes grown in vitro, and/or 10 to 15 basidiospore extracts. eighty-three subjects (58%) had positive skin tests to two or more of the common inhalant allergens. twenty-seven percent of the study subjects had positive skin reactions to one or more of the basidiomycete mycelia e ... | 1986 | 3760405 |
| [frequency of respiratory allergens involved in rhinitis and bronchial asthma in adults. prospective study]. | in a prospective study of 100 adults, we determined the frequency of hypersensitivity to allergens most often diagnosed in patients suffering from rhinitis and bronchial asthma. skin-prick tests and rast for 15 allergens were performed in all patients. the most frequent allergen detected by skin-prick test was the extract "total house dust" (50%) but the corresponding rast was rarely positive (16%); then came grass pollens (46%), house dust mites (d. pteronyssinus, 38%) and animal danders (cat 3 ... | 1986 | 3764390 |
| diagnostic specificity of a sandwich elisa for aspergillus-related diseases. | a sandwich elisa with specificity for a major antigen (ag 7) of aspergillus fumigatus has been compared with indirect elisas with use of crude antigenic (culture filtrate) extracts and found to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92.3% for antibody detection in sera of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and aspergilloma. in the ag 7 elisa, all sera from groups with abpa (21) and aspergilloma (15) had positive titers, and mean values for both these groups were ... | 1987 | 3819216 |
| cultivation of fungi in synthetic and semi-synthetic liquid medium. ii. immunochemical properties of the antigenic and allergenic extracts. | four allergologically important fungi, viz. aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium notatum, alternaria alternata, and cladosporium herbarum were cultured in a liquid synthetic medium, with or without addition of 0.1% yeast extract (ye). after 10 and 28 days of cultivation, immunochemical properties of the fungal extracts, characterised by precipitation pattern and igg- and ige-binding capacity, were studied. in pure synthetic medium no large differences were observed in number of precipitates, as me ... | 1985 | 3911818 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. v. comparative biochemical and immunological studies of three isolates of alternaria tenuis cultured on synthetic media. | six extracts were prepared from alternaria tenuis isolated atcc 6663, atcc 16086 and daom (agriculture canada) 183905 grown separately on two synthetic media, revised tobacco and czapek's, and their biochemical and immunological properties were examined. high-performance liquid chromatography revealed considerable variations in uv absorbance and carbohydrate profiles among extracts from the different isolates. these differences were less marked among samples of the same isolate cultured on diffe ... | 1985 | 3928499 |
| [secondary cutaneous mycoses caused by alternaria species]. | analysis of 2 of our own cases of cutaneous alternariosis (ca) and 31 reported cases showed this mycosis to be nosologically heterogeneous. ca may present as an endogenous, multilocular form or as an exogenous, usually localized form. in the endogenous form of ca (11 cases), infection most probably occurs via the lung by inhalation. the highly dermatotropic organisms spread hematogenically to the skin where they cause the typical verruciform or granulomatous lesions. in the exogenous form (8 cas ... | 1986 | 3957668 |
| [effect of phosphate and inhibitors of protein synthesis on the growth and tentoxin production of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler]. | the synthesis of a phytotoxic substance, tentoxin, by alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler is negatively controlled by inorganic phosphate. we show here that the influence of phosphate on the production of this secondary metabolite is time-dependent. by using inhibitors of protein synthesis (p-fluorphenylalanine, cycloheximide) together with a resuspension technique, attempts were made to find out when the enzymes responsible for tentoxin synthesis are formed. | 1985 | 4040168 |
| synthesis and spectroscopic and fungicidal characterization of hydroxamic acids and their metal chelates. | hydroxamic acid chelates of the type ml2, ml2', and ml2" where m = cu(ii), ni(ii) or co(ii) and l = n,2'-diphenylacetohydroxamic acid (n,2'-dpaha), l' = 2,2'-diphenylacetohydroxamic acid (2,2'-dpaha), and l" = 2-phenylacetohydroxamic acid (2-paha) have been isolated and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and infrared and magnetic data. these metal chelates were screened for their fungicidal activity. the testing against fungi has been carried out by slide germination technique agai ... | 1985 | 4045444 |
| [effect of acetate on the formation of the phyoeffector tentoxin by alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler]. | the effect of the cosubstrate acetate on the formation of the phytotoxic substance tentoxin by alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler was investigated. acetate was taken up and metabolized during growth. the added acetate stimulated considerably the biosynthesis of tentoxin depending on its concentration and time of introduction. there was an increased incorporation of (u-14c)-glucose into the toxin molecule in the presence of acetate in the medium. the results indicate an induction of the biosynth ... | 1985 | 4045707 |
| case report: human cutaneous alternariosis. | a case of human cutaneous alternariosis caused by alternaria alternata on the right toe of a man is described and illustrated. predisposing, debilitating diseases were not detectable. the alternariosis diagnosis was based on the visualization of alternaria elements in the koh-preparates and on the repeated successful cultivation of alternaria alternata. following local therapy the skin lesion healed. | 1985 | 4079969 |
| rapid purification of host-specific pathotoxins from alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici by solid-phase adsorption on octadecylsilane. | a simplified, rapid procedure for the purification of two phytotoxic metabolites (ta and tb) from cell-free culture filtrates of alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici was developed using hydrophobic chromatography on macroporous, c18 bonded silica followed by gel filtration. baseline separation of ta from tb was achieved in the final preparation and yields of 80% were obtained with retention of full biological activity in all assay systems tested. toxin analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance a ... | 1985 | 4093482 |
| pathogenicity of alternaria alternata and its antibody production in experimental animals. | | 1974 | 4474596 |
| [optimizing the medium for beta-galactosidase biosynthesis by alternaria tenuis]. | | 1974 | 4476073 |
| fungi isolated from flue-cured tobacco sold in southeast united states, 1968-1970. | flue-cured tobacco leaves, from low- and middle-stalk positions, offered for sale in each of two markets, within each of five tobacco types, were evaluated for moisture content (mc) and filamentous fungi during august through october in 1968, 1969, and 1970. alternaria alternata, penicillium cyclopium, aspergillus niger, aspergillus repens, and aspergillus flavus were most frequently isolated from cultured tissue. other filamentous fungi that grew from the tissue included species from four gener ... | 1972 | 4627970 |
| microbial metabolites with insecticidal properties. | a screen of fungi for insecticidal activity revealed the ability of aspergillus versicolor to make versimide, methyl-alpha-(methylsuccinimido)acrylate, a novel contact insecticide. the larvicidal activities of alternaria tenuis and fusarium lateritium were found to be due to tenuazonic acid and diacetoxyscirpenol, respectively. thiolutin, cycloheximide, rubratoxin, patulin, trichothecin, an actinomycin, and scirpene-producing fungi also had insecticidal activity. | 1972 | 4628800 |
| alternaria leaf spot of tobacco. ii. independent segregation of morphological and virulence traits in conidial populations of alternaria tenuis nees. | | 1972 | 4672785 |
| microbial production of tenuazonic acid analogues. | the fungus alternaria tenuis normally produces tenuazonic acid (3-acetyl-5-secbutyltetramic acid). on supplementation of the culture substrate with l-valine and l-leucine, the organism formed two new tetramic acids, 3-acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid and 3-acetyl-5-isobutyltetramic acid, respectively. l-phenylalanine was not utilized by the organism as a tetramic acid precursor. | 1973 | 4790594 |
| the lipid composition of a species of alternaria of the "alternaria alternata group". | | 1973 | 4796440 |
| on the biosynthesis of tenuazonic acid in alternaria tenuis. | | 1973 | 4798910 |
| isolation and identification of a new toxin, altenuene, from the fungus alternaria tenuis. | | 1971 | 4995517 |
| tenuazonic acid, a toxic produced by alternaria alternata. | fifty-seven of 87 isolates of alternaria alternata (fr) keissler grown on autoclaved, moist corn-rice substrate and fed to rats were lethal. the major toxin produced was isolated and characterized as tenuazonic acid. twenty of 23 toxigenic alternaria isolates examined produced tenuazonic acid. no tenuazonic acid could be detected in either of the field samples of sorghum or blackeyed peas, which were heavily invaded by alternaria. | 1972 | 5063203 |
| mouse toxicty of fungi of tobacco. | a bioassay for fungal toxins based on the intraperitoneal injection of test materials into mice was used to screen 976 cultures isolated from tobacco and grown in a high-protein baby cereal and also to determine whether samples of tobacco damaged by fungi are more toxic than samples of apparently sound tobacco. of 236 fungal isolates from noncured tobacco, 79% were lethal when homogenized cultures of these isolates were tested. forty-nine per cent of 740 fungi isolated from cured tobacco were le ... | 1969 | 5392461 |
| [alternaria tenuis in human skin pathology]. | | 1970 | 5447117 |
| effects of n2-o2 and co2-o2 tensions on growth of fungi isolated from damaged flue-cured tobacco. | ten fungi, aspergillus niger, a. flavus, a. ochraceus, a. ruber, a. repens, a. amstelodami, alternaria tenuis, penicillium brevi-compactum, cladosporium herbarum, and chaetomium dolicotrichum, were isolated from moldy flue-cured tobacco and grown in various mixtures of n(2)-o(2) or co(2)-o(2). a 1 to 5% concentration of o(2) in an n(2) atmosphere caused the greatest change in growth of the nine species, and a 10 to 20% concentration of o(2) for a. flavus. all species, except a. amstelodami and a ... | 1970 | 5461786 |
| the effects of tentoxin on chlorophyll synthesis and plastid structure in cucumber and cabbage. | to determine if chlorosis caused by tentoxin, a toxin produced by alternaria tenuis nees., is due to interference with chlorophyll synthesis directly or to disruption of normal chloroplast development, the effects of the toxin on these processes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and cabbage (brassica oleracea l., var. capitata) were studied. cucumber cotyledons are highly sensitive to the toxin but exhibited no interference with the conversion of protochlorophyll(ide) to chlorophyll(ide) or with ... | 1970 | 5463696 |
| alternaria tenuis auct. in bombay-maharashtra. | | 1965 | 5896244 |
| stimulation of germination of alternaria tenuis neerg with serum from altitude-exposed rats. | | 1966 | 6003436 |
| an approach to fungal antigen relationships by radioallergosorbent test inhibition. | antigenic relationships among three species of aspergillus (a. fumigatus, a. glaucus, and a. flavus) were examined by paired cross-radioallergosorbent test (rast) inhibition analysis, an in vitro technique based on human ige antibody specificity. alternaria tenuis was found to be antigenically unrelated to each of the three species of aspergillus and was used as a negative control. a single test serum yielded uninhibited rast indices of 6, 7.4, 8.1, and 7.8 for a. fumigatus, a. glaucus, a. flavu ... | 1981 | 6161952 |
| modulation of the late asthmatic response by antigen-specific immunoglobulin g in an animal model. | the late asthmatic response (lar) occurs 4 to 12 h after antigenic challenge and has been related to the severity of asthma. in addition, improvement of asthmatic symptoms after immunotherapy has also been related to loss of the lar. because the lar seems to be a critical component of asthma, we employed an animal model of the lar to study its immunopathogenesis, concentrating on the role of antigen-specific rabbit homocytotropic (ige) and heterocytotropic (igg) antibodies to alternaria tenuis. ... | 1984 | 6210004 |
| [fungal flora in a hospital environment]. | the airborne fungal flora was studied in different departments of a hospital by using a slit sampler (casella, london) where the measured volume of air is impacted to the surface of culture medium contained in petri dishes. colonies were counted after 3 days incubation at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. many species of hyphomycetes were identified. the main fungi isolated were cladosporium sp (especially c. cladosporioides), penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, aspergillus sp. (a. flavus, a. ni ... | 1983 | 6312583 |
| [fungal flora in a hospital milieu]. | the airborne fungal flora was studied in different departments of an hospital by using a slit sampler (casella, london) where the measured volume of air is impacted to the surface of culture medium contained in petri dishes. colonies were counted after 3 days incubation at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. many species of hyphomycetes were identified. the main fungi isolated were cladosporium sp (especially c. cladosporioides), penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, aspergillus sp. (a. flavus, a. n ... | 1983 | 6343973 |
| immunochemical partial identity between two independently identified and isolated major allergens from alternaria alternata (alt-i and ag 1). | partially purified preparations of alt-i, the main allergenic fraction of alternaria alternata isolated by yunginger, and of ag 1, shown in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (crie) to be the dominating major allergen of a. alternata (løwenstein, nyholm), were compared by tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie), rast inhibition, and the crie-related technique, single radial radioimmunodiffusion (srrid). the two allergen preparations showed reaction of identity in tandem-cie and indistinguisha ... | 1983 | 6404974 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. iv. comparative biochemical and immunological studies of commercial alternaria tenuis batches. | the biochemical and immunological characteristics of a series of commercial samples of alternaria tenuis were examined, including samples from two different companies. there was a considerable variation in the biochemical parameters such as the gel filtration profile on sephadex g-100, isoelectric focussing pattern and immunodiffusion precipitin band pattern. the content and proportion of two high molecular weight polysaccharides, one a galactomannan and the other a glucan, also varied greatly. ... | 1984 | 6427119 |
| soft contact lens contamination by alternaria alternata. | two cases of contact lens contamination by the fungus, alternaria alternata, are described. in both patients, mild ocular irritation was the presenting symptom but neither suffered fungal infection of the eye. to our knowledge, a alternata has not previously been reported as a contaminant of contact lenses, although it is an ubiquitous saprophyte and has been reported as causing infections in humans. the close succession in which these two patients presented may indicate that such fungal contami ... | 1984 | 6538642 |
| effect of water activity and temperature on mycotoxin production by alternaria alternata in culture and on wheat grain. | both water activity (aw) and temperature affected the production of altenuene (ae), alternariol (aoh), and alternariol monomethyl ether (ame) by alternaria alternata on wheat extract agar and wheat grain. greatest production of all three mycotoxins occurred at 0.98 aw and 25 degrees c on both substrates. at 0.98 aw and 25 degrees c, a single colony of a. alternata grown on wheat extract agar produced 807 micrograms of aoh, 603 micrograms of ame, and 169 micrograms of ae ml in 30 days. however, p ... | 1984 | 6540067 |
| studies on the antigenic composition of aqueous cotton dust extracts. | an immune response to cotton dust components has been proposed as a possible mechanism of byssinosis. to evaluate this possibility, specific precipitating antibodies against aqueous cotton dust extracts (acde) were raised in rabbits, and a reference pattern for crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) was established using this extract. a significant portion of the immune response was directed against alternaria tenuis, aspergillus niger, and fusarium solani, all documented contaminants of cotton dus ... | 1983 | 6642705 |
| a case of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler infection of the knee. | | 1983 | 6661827 |
| [effect of phosphate on the biosynthesis of tentoxin by alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler]. | alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler produces a phytotoxic substance tentoxin. the influence of inorganic phosphate on the formation of this secondary metabolite was analyzed. distinct phases of growth and metabolite formation can be defined. the first phase shows exponential growth, high qo2, protein and nucleic acid values and a rapid uptake of inorganic phosphate from the medium. the second phase shows linear growth and active tentoxin formation takes place. the highest yields of tentoxin are ... | 1983 | 6686908 |
| alternaria osteomyelitis. evidence of specific immunologic tolerance. | a 31-year-old man had a maxillary sinus infection and osteomyelitis. in vitro lymphocyte transformation studies indicated that he had a specific immune tolerance to alternaria organisms. the etiologic agent was recovered and was identified as alternaria alternata. | 1983 | 6688515 |
| viable fungi in corn dust. | numbers of viable fungal propagules in corn dusts in southern georgia were estimated during various farm and grain elevator operations in 1979, 1980, and 1982. a six-stage andersen sampler for viable microbial particles was used to sample the dusts with various agar media. the most abundant fungi in corn dusts were species of yeasts: aspergillus, penicillium, cladosporium, alternaria. helminthosporium, and fusarium. however, the relative abundance of these fungi differed between years. there was ... | 1984 | 6696425 |
| composition of the fungal flora of four cereal grains in saudi arabia. | using the grain-plate method and on glucose- czapek 's agar at 28 degrees c, fifty-eight species belonging to 26 genera were collected from barley (42 species and 19 genera), maize (29 species and 16 genera), sorghum (32 species and 17 genera) and wheat grains (42 species and 18 genera). the most frequent genera were aspergillus, penicillium, rhizopus, fusarium, and mucor followed by alternaria, drechslera , and curvularia. from the preceding genera aspergillus flavus, a. niger, penicillium nota ... | 1984 | 6727980 |
| the distribution of the nadph regenerating mannitol cycle among fungal species. | the mannitol cycle is an important nadph regenerating system in alternaria alternata. the cycle is built up to the following enzymes: mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol 1-phosphatase, mannitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. the net reaction of one cycle turn is: nadh + nadp+ + atp leads to nad+ + nadph + adp + pi. the enzymes needed for an operating cycle were found in aspergillus, botrytis, penicillium, pyricularia, trichothecium, cladosporium and thermomyces all genera belonging to fu ... | 1980 | 6782999 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. ii. presence of two related antigens with contrasting allergenic properties in alternaria tenius extracts. | earlier, it was reported that most of the allergenic activity of alternaria tenuis seemed to reside in the last sephadex g-100 fraction (g3, molecular weight approximately 20,000). these conclusions were based on results obtained by the in vitro techniques of radioallergosorbent tests (rast) and rast inhibition. in the present studies, the allergenic activity of a. tenuis fractions was measured in vivo. it was found that fraction g3 was neither capable of inducing reaginic (ige) antibodies in ra ... | 1981 | 6788713 |
| [purification and properties of beta-galactosidase from alternaria tenius]. | beta-galactosidase from alternaria tenius was purified to homogeneity from the cultural fluid using acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, adsorption on hydroxylapatite and affinity chromatography on n-(beta-d-galactopyranosyl-thiocarbamoyl)-beta-aminocaproyl-an-sepharose 4b. the enzyme homogeneity was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sds or without it. the specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme is 160 u. per mg o ... | 1981 | 6794653 |
| alternariasis: ultrastructure of skin granuloma. | an ultrastructural investigation of dermal altenariasis has complemented previous studies. alternaria tenuis was seen to be profusely present within the cytoplasm of multinucleate giant cells. healthy elements were characterized by a thick, electron-lucent wall, ovoid osmiophilic inclusions and a poorly defined nucleus. homogenous liquefaction and granular degeneration represented various types and steps of degradation; the wall subsisted for a while before collapsing and breaking into pieces. p ... | 1983 | 6853794 |
| subcutaneous alternariosis. | alternaria species are common plant pathogens, but a rare cause of human infection. previously reported cases of cutaneous alternariosis (alternaria alternata) in both healthy and immunosuppressed hosts have been characterized by a chronic localized ulcerative eruption in exposed sites. dermal granulomatous infiltration and variable epidermal changes, with hyphae in both the dermis and epidermis, are characteristic. we present a case with certain unique features. this is the first reported human ... | 1983 | 6863625 |
| an animal model of late pulmonary responses to alternaria challenge. | the pathogenesis of the late asthmatic response to allergen inhalation is unknown; ige as well as ige- and igg-dependent mechanisms have been proposed. this study was undertaken to determine whether rabbits immunized to produce only ige to alternaria tenius would develop immediate and late phase pulmonary responses to alternaria aerosol challenge, and to compare this response in "ige only" rabbits with the response in rabbits producing multiple antibody isotypes to the allergen. neonatal rabbits ... | 1982 | 6889825 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. iii. effect of alternaria tenuis on the humoral response to three t cell-dependent antigens in rats. | the effects of an extract of the saprophytic mold, alternaria tenuis (at-ce) on the humoral response to a ragweed allergen extract (dwsr), ovalbumin and sheep red blood cells (srbc) was investigated in female wistar rats. animals pretreated with 100 micrograms or 2 mg at-ce showed enhancement (p less than 0.05) in the reaginic response (ige antibody) to dwsr at 25 and 18 days postimmunization. on the other hand, animals posttreated with at-ce showed substantial reduction in anti-dwsr ige antibod ... | 1982 | 6980841 |
| mutagens produced by alternaria alternata. | alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and tenuazonic acid, metabolites present in alternaria alternata cultures, were tested for mutagenicity with salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta 100. alternariol methyl ether was weakly mutagenic to strain ta98 (without metabolic activation). chromatographic separations of a. alternata mycelium extract yielded several fractions mutagenic in the latter system, including the altertoxin i fraction and a purified yellow pigment c20h14o6, which was charact ... | 1980 | 6991928 |
| standardization of allergen extracts by inhibition of rast, skin test, and chemical composition. | five allergen extracts of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, lolium perenne, alternaria tenuis, aspergillus fumigatus and cladosporium herbarum, obtained from four different manufacturers, were examined by inhibition of rast, content of protein and carbohydrate, contents of phosphorylcholine (pc) and tridacnin reactive components, and by skin test. inhibition of rast was used as a primary method for establishing allergenic potency and demonstrated wide variations for each preparation supplied by th ... | 1980 | 7004662 |
| aflatoxin and aflatoxicosis. i. fungal flora of some food and animal feeds with special references to aflatoxin-producing abilities. | a wide range of fungi, amounting to fifty-six species belonging to twenty-two genera, have been recovered from animal feeds and foodstuffs. the most frequent fungi were aspergillus niger, and a. flavus, followed by mucor racemosus, alternaria alternata. rhizopus stolonifer, penicillium corylophilum and p. notatum. three genera were found to be of moderate occurrence, namely, mucor, rhizopus and alternaria. the three following genera were of low occurrence: cladosporium, fusarium, and neurospora. ... | 1982 | 7070483 |
| studies on alternaria allergens. iii. isolation of a mafor allergenic fraction (alt-i). | the allergens present in crude alternaria alternata extract were fractionated by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, preparative flat-bed electrofocusing, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration. the carbohydrate-rich fraction isolated (alt-i) was heterogeneous by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and by thin-layer electrofocusing. by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the alt-i fraction could be further separated into at least five ... | 1980 | 7190582 |
| effect of vitamins on growth and sporulation of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler. | alternaria alternata, a leaf spot pathogen of beet (beta vulgaris), was found to be auxoautotrophic for thiamine. on the other hand, riboflavin, biotin, inositol, and pyridoxine were heterotrophically needed for its growth. vigorous sporulation was prominent in response to the additions of riboflavin, d-biotin, and inositol. a curiously depressent effect on both the growth and sporulation of the pathogen was noticed in presence of 1-ascorbic acid, folic acid, and nicotinic acid. these substances ... | 1980 | 7191607 |
| isolation of spore specific allergens from alternaria. | extracts of alternaria alternata spores and mycelia were prepared. crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed the presence of at least 40 antigens in these extracts. analysis of seven commercial extracts by ciep and isoelectric focusing showed many fewer components and a high degree of variability. eight of the antigens in the spore extract demonstrable by ciep were not present in mycelia extracts. this spore-specific fraction was isolated by solid phase immunoadsorption and shown to be potent antigen ... | 1981 | 7195676 |
| [dermatomycoses of animals and man due to alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler]. | | 1981 | 7195972 |
| synthesis of a series of new n1-[4-(4-nitrophenylthio)phenyl]-n3-(h/alkyl/acyl/aryl) thioureas and their antifungal, insecticidal and larvicidal activities. | a series of new mono and disubstituted thioureas, derived from 4-(4-nitrophenylthio) aniline, have been prepared and screened for antifungal activity against alternaria alternata and curvularia lunata. their insecticidal and larvicidal activities have also been evaluated against adult male and female cockroaches (periplanata americana) and mosquito larvae (culex pipiens fatigans wied) of iiird and early ivth instar stage, respectively. the tabulated results reveal that most of the thiourea deriv ... | 1981 | 7196731 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to alternaria tenuis. | | 1982 | 7201600 |
| the role of ige in childhood asthma. | the influence of age and sex has been in 208 asthmatic children on the basis of the following parameters: total serum ige concentration (rist), serum concentration of specific ige antibodies (rast), and positive prick tests against dermatophagoides pleronissynus, grasses, and alternaria tenuis. the results indicate that all these parameters are significantly influenced by age. arithmetic values for rist show a significant difference between the sexes which is obscured by logarithmic calculation. ... | 1981 | 7203730 |
| peritonitis caused by alternaria alternata. | | 1981 | 7278776 |
| the mini-rast: comparison with other varieties of the radioallergosorbent test for the measurement of immunoglobulin e antibodies. | in the performance of the rast a variety of different solid-phase supports for allergens are utilized. in this study we coupled allergens to microcrystalline cellulose and reduced the quantities of solid-phase allergen tenfold and of anti-ige fourfold. these reductions actually increased the sensitivity of the rast for ige antibodies to several allergens, including those derived from alternaria tenuis and rye grass pollen. we have termed this procedure the mini-rast to distinguish it from the pr ... | 1980 | 7350202 |
| [mould allergy (author's transl)]. | 290 asthmatic patients with positive skin tests for mould allergens were analyzed retrospectively. the relationship between skin test and inhalative provocation test was investigated with regard to single allergens and polyvalent mould sensitivity. with 4 commercially available moulds the relationship between skin test, provocation test and rast was investigated too. alternaria alternata occupies a special position. tests with alternaria alternata, aureobasidium pullulans, penicillium notatum, f ... | 1980 | 7395259 |
| liquid chromatographic determination of tenuazonic acids in tomato paste. | tenuazonic acid is a mycotoxin produced by alternaria alternata (a. tenuis) occurring in isolates from tomato. several liquid chromatographic (lc) systems were compared for suitability in analyzing tomato pastes for tenuazonic acid. tenuazonic acid was extracted from tomato paste with methanol and n-hexane and was partitioned into methylene chloride from the aqueous methanol following acidification. it was further partitioned into 5% nahco3, acidified, and reextracted with methylene chloride. lc ... | 1980 | 7430046 |
| capsaicin pre-treatment prevents the development of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatally immunised rabbits. | the effect of a 3-day pre-treatment regime of capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) (80 mg/kg s.c.) on airway changes induced by alternaria tenuis aerosol challenge 3 days later was assessed in adult rabbits immunised from birth to the age of 3 months. pre-treatment with capsaicin did not alter basal lung function or basal responsiveness to inhaled histamine. while capsaicin had no significant effect on the acute bronchoconstriction induced by antigen, this dose was sufficient to signific ... | 1995 | 7498265 |
| studies on fungi associated with tomato fruits and effectiveness of some commercial fungicides against three pathogens. | among 39 fungal species and one variety belonging to 16 genera isolated from 116 healthy tomato fruits collected from markets in assiut, egypt, during 1994, aspergillus niger was found to be the most prevalent, being isolated from 84.6% of the samples. of 11 species recovered from 156 diseased tomatoes, alternaria alternata, rhizopus stolonifer and a. niger were the most common and isolated from 52.7%, 35.9% and 25.0% of the samples, respectively. experiments for comparison of the effects of med ... | 1995 | 7566057 |
| n-terminus of a major allergen, alt a i, of alternaria alternata defined to be an epitope. | a 20mer peptide representing the n-terminus of a major allergen, alt a i, of alternaria alternata was synthesized and examined for its antibody binding and antibody induction activities. alt a i peptide-bsa conjugate reacted with both human ige and rabbit anti-alt a i igg in elisa, albeit the binding of the peptide to ige was relatively weak. control conjugate showed no antibody binding. these results indicated that the n-terminus of alt a i is an antibody binding site. moreover, peptide-klh con ... | 1995 | 7580290 |
| antioxidant function of melanin in black fungi. | 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in wangiella dermatitidis and alternaria alternata was titrated in vivo with the oxidants permanganate, hypochlorite, and h2o2. melanized strains neutralized more oxidant and withstood higher concentrations of permanganate and hypochlorite than albino strains did. h2o2 killing required 1,000-fold higher concentrations, and melanin did not protect w. dermatitidis against h2o2. | 1995 | 7591162 |
| allergen-induced histamine release in rat mast cells transfected with the alpha subunits of fc epsilon ri. | a rat mast cell histamine assay (rmcha) has been developed to quantitate the biological activity of a recombinant humanized, monoclonal anti-ige antibody (rhumabe25). rat mast cells (rbl 48), transfected with the alpha subunit of the high affinity human ige receptor (fc epsilon ri), were presensitized for 2 h with human plasma containing ige specific for ragweed and challenged with ragweed allergen in the presence of 50% d2o. histamine release plateaus at 0.1 micrograms/ml of ragweed. the releas ... | 1995 | 7622863 |
| screening for atopy in a coffee processing factory. | screening for blood ige mediated allergy (atopy) by the rast technique among 76 people working in a coffee processing factory showed rather unexpected findings: although we found a prevalence of positivity (17.1%) to the common airborne antigens (pollens, mites, cat, alternaria tenuis) which was close to the prevalence of atopy among normal adults in our area (19.3%), only one case of allergy to green coffee and two cases to castor bean came to the fore. specific igg4 antibodies were measured on ... | 1995 | 7631592 |
| inhibition of growth and mycotoxin production of alternaria alternata inhabiting decayed fruits by pesticides. | the effect of the two pesticides, cuprosan and sumi oil, on growth and mycotoxin production by two strains of alternaria alternata isolated from decayed fruits was studied. mycelial biomass of the two strains was significantly inhibited with most applied doses, however, cuprosan was most effective. sumi oil exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the alternaria strain isolated from decayed lemons, whereas, it suppressed mycelial biomass of that isolated from decayed tomatoes at only higher do ... | 1995 | 7637689 |
| efficient gene targeting in the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata. | to characterize homologous recombination of transforming dna in the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata, we have compared the frequencies of gene targeting by circular and linear dna fragments in the fungus. the a. alternata brm1 gene, which is an essential gene for melanin biosynthesis, was selected as a target locus. brm1 targeting events are easily identified because loss of function leads to a change in mycelial color from black to light brown. we constructed targeting vectors by inserti ... | 1995 | 7651337 |
| mycotoxin production by alternaria alternata strains isolated from red delicious apples in argentina. | eleven alternaria alternata strains isolated from red delicious apples in cold storage in argentina, were tested for alternariol and alternariol methyl ether production in laboratory media and in whole fresh fruits. most of them were able to produce both toxins in all media. they were detected also in mycelium free filtrates from liquid cultures and in asymptomatic tissues from inoculated fruit. thus, in the evaluation of mouldy core incidence in apples, the presence of a. alternata toxins in ti ... | 1995 | 7710918 |
| inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici in lycopersicon pennellii. | the fungal pathogen alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici produces aal-toxins that function as chemical determinants of the alternaria stem canker disease in the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). in resistant cultivars, the disease is controlled by the asc locus on chromosome 3. our aim was to characterize novel sources of resistance to the fungus and of insensitivity to the host-selective aal-toxins. to that end, the degree of sensitivity of wild tomato species to aal-toxins was analyzed. of ... | 1995 | 7770053 |
| alternaria alternata infection of skin in a 6-year-old boy with aplastic anemia. | although alternaria is a very common soil saprophyte and plant pathogen fungus, human infections are rare. a 6-year-old boy with aplastic anemia presented with generalized erythematous papules. skin biopsies revealed granulomas with fungal elements and grew alternaria alternata. the lesions disappeared following 7 weeks of antifungal treatment. | 1994 | 7808973 |
| fungal propagules in house dust. ii. relation with residential characteristics and respiratory symptoms. | as part of a case-control study on the relation between home dampness and respiratory symptoms of children, house-dust samples were collected from bedroom floors and mattresses in 60 homes in the netherlands. the house-dust samples were analyzed for the presence of fungal propagules by plating 30 mg of dust directly onto dg18 agar. a checklist and questionnaire were used to obtain information on the home characteristics and occupant behavior that may have an effect on the presence of fungal prop ... | 1994 | 7825721 |