| phytotoxicity of the tetramic acid metabolite trichosetin. | trichosetin, a tetramic acid-containing metabolite produced in the dual culture of trichoderma harzianum and catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don callus, was subjected to phytotoxicity assays. in seedling growth assays, trichosetin inhibited root and shoot growth of all five plant species tested by damaging the cell membrane, as evidenced by the dose-dependent increase in electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. vital staining of trichosetin-treated nicotiana tabacum by-2 cells, with rhodamine 123 ... | 2003 | 12620323 |
| [the existence of contamination in enzymes used for the isolation of aspergillus and candida species dna]. | molecular biological methods which are widely used in different fields, have been replaced with conventional diagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, recently. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of these methods, with high specificity and sensitivity, which is accepted throughout the world. however, the enzymes that are used for the isolation of target dna, may be contaminated with the gene sequences of some other fungal species in the preparation steps and may ... | 2002 | 12652873 |
| [cytostatic effect of l-lysine-alpha-oxidase from trichoderma harzianum rifai and trichoderma viride]. | l-lysine-alpha-oxidase, a new fungal enzyme catalyzing oxidative l-lysine deamination, was shown to have an inhibitory effect on the in vitro synthesis of dna, rna and proteins in human carcinoma ovarian (caov) cells. | 1987 | 3567343 |
| genetic and metabolic diversity of trichoderma: a case study on south-east asian isolates. | we have used isolates of trichoderma spp. collected in south-east asia, including taiwan and western indonesia, to assess the genetic and metabolic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma. ninety-six strains were isolated in total, and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological and biochemical characters (biolog system), and by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the rdna cluster, using ex-type strains and taxonomically est ... | 2003 | 12684020 |
| a convenient procedure for rapid release of protoplasts from ustilago maydis. | filtrates from cultures of trichoderma harzianum, grown on a liquid mineral salts medium containing vitamin and trace element supplements, 0.5 g/l glucose and 2 g/l of dried residue of ethanol-extracted commercial mushrooms (agaricus brunnescens), are a good source of enzymes for the release of protoplasts from the sporidia of ustilago maydis. when concentrated 50-fold by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, the enzymes liberated 95% of the protoplasts from the sporidia within 40 min. | 1988 | 3273191 |
| interactions between nematophagous fungi and consequences for their potential as biological agents for the control of potato cyst nematodes. | the efficacies of three nematophagous fungi, paecilomyces lilacinus, plectosphaerella cucumerina and pochonia chlamydosporia, for controlling potato cyst nematodes (pcn) as part of an integrated pest management (ipm) regime were studied. the compatibility of the nematophagous fungi with commonly used chemical pesticides and their ability to compete with the soil fungi rhizoctonia solani, chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium bilaii and trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro. p ... | 2003 | 12735243 |
| effect of ultraviolet-induced mutants of trichoderma harzianum with altered antibiotic production on selected pathogens in vitro. | mutants of trichoderma harzianum with altered antibiotic production were isolated using ultraviolet light mutagenesis. these included strains whose activity in a fusarium oxysporum spore germination assay was greater than twice that of the parental strain and one that had no detectable antifungal activity. characterisation of extracellular metabolites of these strains using thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography showed that the strains with high activity produced only elevated l ... | 1991 | 1954580 |
| expression of the red fluorescent protein dsred-express in filamentous ascomycete fungi. | the recently reported red fluorescent protein dsred from the reef coral discosoma sp. represents a new marker that has been codon-optimized for high expression in mammalian cells. to facilitate expression of dsred in ascomycete fungi, we used the clone pdsred-express (clontech) for constructing a plasmid vector, ppgpd-dsred, containing the constitutive aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gpd) promoter. this vector was used for co-transformation of penicillium paxilli, trichoderma ha ... | 2003 | 12799012 |
| antagonistic activity of penicillium oxalicum corrie and thom, penicillium decumbens thom and trichoderma harzianum rifai isolates against fungi, bacteria and insects in vitro. | the antibiotic activity of 70 isolates belonging to the genera aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium, alternaria and trichoderma was tested as preliminary screening. the highest activity was obtained with three penicillium oxalicum isolates, one penicillium decumbens isolate and the trichoderma harzianum isolate. after that, we chose these five isolates in order to carry out other studies with bacteria, fungi and insects. extracts from these isolates were obtained. the extracts were tested for anti ... | 2002 | 12828512 |
| interactions of phytophthora cinnamomi and trichoderma spp. in relation to propagule production in soil cultures at 26 degrees c1. | effects of trichoderma harzianum and t. polysporum on chlamydospore production by two isolates of phytophthora cinamomi were determined over a 21-day period in nonsterile, sterilized, and sterilized amended soil. trichoderma was either coinoculated with p. cinnamomi or added to the cultures on day 3 of the incubation period. in nonsterile soil, conversion of mycelial fragments in the p. cinnamomi inoculum to chlamydospores resulted in an initial slight increase in chlamydospore numbers. in cultu ... | 1977 | 558040 |
| characterization of a chitinase and an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from trichoderma harzianum rifai t24 involved in control of the phytopathogen sclerotium rolfsii. | of 24 trichoderma isolates, t harzianum rifai (t24) showed a potential for control of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete sclerotium rolfsii. when t24 was grown on different carbon sources, growth inhibition of s. rolfsii by the t24 culture filtrate correlated with the activity of extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. the 43-kilodalton (kda) chitinase and the 74-kda beta-1,3-glucanase were purified from the t24 culture filtrate in two and three steps, respectively, using ammonium sulphat ... | 2001 | 11499921 |
| oxidation of triphenylarsine to triphenylarsineoxide by trichoderma harzianum and other fungi. | arsenic resistant strains of bacteria and fungi were isolated from soil contaminated by chemical warfare agents. until now, no metabolic products of microbial attack against the phenyl residues of the model substrate triphenylarsine (tp) were found if it was incubated together with these strains in liquid culture assays. however, one of the isolated fungi, trichoderma harzianum as 11, was found to oxidize tp to triphenylarsineoxide (tpo). the yeast trichosporon mucoides sbug 801 and the white-ro ... | 2001 | 11482658 |
| investigating the role of a verticillium fungicola beta-1,6-glucanase during infection of agaricus bisporus using targeted gene disruption. | studies on the mycopathogen verticillium fungicola have shown the up-regulation of beta-1,6-glucanases when grown in the presence of host cell walls and host cell wall components including chitin. these cell-wall-degrading enzymes are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenic ability of mycopathogens. a beta-1,6-glucanase gene, vfglu1, showing high similarity to beta-1,6-glucanase genes from hypocrea virens, neotyphodium sp., and trichoderma harzianum, was isolated using degenerate pcr from v ... | 2003 | 12892639 |
| fungal proteomics: mapping the mitochondrial proteins of a trichoderma harzianum strain applied for biological control. | mitochondria are essential for cellular functions across organisms. a proteomic approach was taken to separate and identify mitochondrial proteins from a strain of trichoderma harzianum with well established biocontrol properties. we optimized a method for the preparation of a sample enriched with mitochondria by ensuring efficient cell lysis and including several washing steps to minimize cytoplasmic contamination. we separated hundreds of proteins, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ... | 2004 | 14652694 |
| purification and characterization of an n-acetylglucosaminidase produced by a trichoderma harzianum strain which controls crinipellis perniciosa. | isolate 1051 of trichoderma harzianum, a mycoparasitic fungus, was found to impair development of the phytopathogen, crinipellis perniciosa, in the field. this trichoderma strain growing in liquid medium containing chitin produced substantial amounts of chitinases. the n-acetylglucosaminidase present in the culture-supernatant was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, as demonstrated by sds-page analysis. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 36 kda a ... | 2004 | 14673545 |
| formation and regeneration of protoplasts in sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | different cultural conditions for forming and reverting protoplasts were systematically studied to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | 2004 | 14723686 |
| a putative high affinity hexose transporter, hxta, of aspergillus nidulans is induced in vegetative hyphae upon starvation and in ascogenous hyphae during cleistothecium formation. | fungi employ different carbohydrate uptake systems to adapt to certain environmental conditions and to different carbon source concentrations. the hydrolysis of polymeric carbohydrates and the subsequent uptake of monomeric forms may also play a role in development. aspergillus nidulans accumulates cell wall components during vegetative growth and degrades them during sexual development. we have identified the hxta (high affinity hexose transporter) gene in a differential library, which was enri ... | 2004 | 14732261 |
| improved antifungal activity of a mutant of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 which produces more extracellular proteins. | trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent against fungal plant diseases. in order to select improved biocontrol strains from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413, a mutant has been isolated for its ability to produce wider haloes than the wild type, when hydrolysing pustulan, a polymer of beta-1,6-glucan. the mutant possesses between two and four times more chitinase, beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucanase activities than the wild type, produces about three times more extracellular pro ... | 2001 | 11414328 |
| enhanced secretion of bacillus stearothermophilus l1 lipase in saccharomyces cerevisiae by translational fusion to cellulose-binding domain. | the secretion of bacillus stearothermophilus l1 lipase in saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by employing a fusion partner, a cellulose-binding domain (cbd) from trichoderma harzianum endoglucanase ii (theg). the cbd was connected to the n-terminal of l1 lipase through an endogenous linker peptide from theg. the expression cassette for the fusion protein in s. cerevisiae was constructed using the alpha-amylase signal peptide and the galactose-inducible gal10 promoter. secretion of cbd-lin ... | 2004 | 14740195 |
| trichoderma harzianum enhances the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improves biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica by pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato. | to determine the influence of soil-borne fungus trichoderma harzianum on the biocontrol performance of pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 and its 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) overproducing derivative cha0/pme3424 against meloidogyne javanica. | 2004 | 14746551 |
| the production of hemicellulases by aerobic fungi on medium containing residues of banana plant as substrate. | trichoderma harzianum strains t4 and t6, acrophialophora nainiana, and humicola grisea var. thermoidea were screened for their ability to produce carbohydrate-degrading enzyme activities in a medium containing banana plant residue as the carbon source. the best balance of enzyme activities was obtained from cultures of h. grisea var. thermoidea. xylanase activity from crude extract of a. nainiana had a maximum activity at ph 5.5-7.0 and a temperature range of 50-55 degrees c. it was stable up to ... | 2000 | 10835259 |
| the north american mushroom competitor, trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum, produces antifungal compounds in mushroom compost that inhibit mycelial growth of the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | trichoderma harzianum is a ubiquitously distributed asexual soil fungus that produces a variety of antibiotic compounds. colonisation of soil inhabited by competing microbiota is facilitated by the antibiotic activity of these compounds. in addition, t. harzianum produces hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the cell wall components of many microorganisms, which can then be used as a source of nutrients. recently, biotypes of t. harzianum differing morphologically from those originally described by r ... | 2003 | 15000247 |
| nitrogen availability to pseudomonas fluorescens df57 is limited during decomposition of barley straw in bulk soil and in the barley rhizosphere. | the availability of nitrogen to pseudomonas fluorescens df57 during straw degradation in bulk soil and in barley rhizosphere was studied by introducing a bioluminescent reporter strain (df57-n3), responding to nitrogen limitation, to model systems of varying complexity. df57-n3 was apparently not nitrogen limited in the natural and sterilized bulk soil used for these experiments. the soil was subsequently amended with barley straw, representing a plant residue with a high carbon-to-nitrogen rati ... | 1999 | 10508054 |
| phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. | control of diseases in the key tropical staple, cassava, is dependent on resistant genotypes, but the innate mechanisms are unknown. the aim was to study phenylpropanoids and associated enzymes as possible defence components. | 2004 | 15145789 |
| pcr-based genotyping of epidemic and preepidemic trichoderma isolates associated with green mold of agaricus bisporus. | we used randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr to estimate genetic variation among isolates of trichoderma associated with green mold on the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. of 83 isolates examined, 66 were sampled during the recent green mold epidemic, while the remaining 17 isolates were collected just prior to the epidemic and date back to the 1950s. trichoderma harzianum biotype 4 was identified by rapd analysis as the cause of almost 90% of the epidemic-related episodes of gree ... | 1999 | 10347059 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pb nag1, was cloned and characterized. the 2663-nucleotide sequence of the cdna consisted of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64.73 kda and an isoeletric point of 6.35. the predicted protein includes a putative 30-amino-acid signal peptide. the protein as a whole shares considerable sequence similarity with 'classic' nag. the primary sequence of pb ... | 2004 | 15283239 |
| rapid blue light regulation of a trichoderma harzianum photolyase gene. | photolyases and blue light receptors belong to a superfamily of flavoproteins that make use of blue and uva light either to catalyze dna repair or to control development. we have isolated a dna photolyase gene (phr1) from trichoderma harzianum, a common soil fungus that is of interest as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne plant pathogens and as a model for the study of light-dependent development. the sequence of phr1 is similar to other class i type i eukaryotic photolyase genes. low fluence ... | 1999 | 10318850 |
| behaviour of the hyphae of laccaria laccata in the presence of trichoderma harzianum in vitro. | the growth rate and the behaviour of laccaria laccata and trichoderma harzianum hyphae in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of 3-month-old pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro were investigated. in the interaction zone, hyphae of l. laccata became more pigmented and formed short branches growing towards the hyphae of the saprobic fungus, coiled around them and penetrated sporadically. vacuolated hyphae of t. harzianum showed protoplasm granulation and breaks in walls followed by release of ... | 2004 | 15322966 |
| development of selective media for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from soil and plant debris. | a new semi-selective medium, acidified weak potato-dextrose agar (awpda) with mertect (active ingredient: thiabendazole), was developed for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from samples of soil and plant debris. the medium was selected based on growth inhibition tests against alternaria and several other commonly encountered saprobic fungi utilizing three antifungal agents, botran (active ingredient: dichloran), bayleton (active ingredient: triadimefon), and mertect, and two b ... | 2004 | 15381969 |
| role of the trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene, ech42, in mycoparasitism. | the role of the trichoderma harzianum endochitinase (ech42) in mycoparasitism was studied by genetically manipulating the gene that encodes ech42, ech42. we constructed several transgenic t. harzianum strains carrying multiple copies of ech42 and the corresponding gene disruptants. the level of extracellular endochitinase activity when t. harzianum was grown under inducing conditions increased up to 42-fold in multicopy strains as compared with the wild type, whereas gene disruptants exhibited p ... | 1999 | 10049844 |
| evaluation of solid-state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge as a promising environmental-friendly disposal technique. | natural and environmental-friendly disposal of wastewater sludge is a great concern. recently, biological treatment has played prominent roles in bioremediation of complex hydrocarbon- rich contaminants. composting is quite an old biological-based process that is being practiced but it could not create a great impact in the minds of concerned researchers. the present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the solid-state bioconversion (ssb) processes in the biodegradation of wastewat ... | 2004 | 15491662 |
| [biological properties of l-lysine alpha-oxidase in native and conjugated form]. | the significant difference between biological properties of l-lysine-alpha-oxidase from trichoderma harzianum rifai (lo) and l-asparaginase from e. coli has been observed in vitro and in vivo. high antitumor activity was shown against 8 types of murine and rat transplanted tumors with a wide range of lo therapeutic doses: 35-350 u/mg. the lo conjugates with monoclonal antibodies cd5 specific to the surface of cell line yurkat were obtained without significant loss of either enzymatic and cytotox ... | 2004 | 15518184 |
| effect of metabolites produced by trichoderma harzianum biotypes and agaricus bisporus on their respective growth radii in culture | trichoderma harzianum biotypes th1, th2, and th3 produced volatile metabolites in vitro which had similar fungistatic effects on the growth of agaricus bisporus. metabolites present in agar colonized by these strains also inhibited mycelial growth of a. bisporus, although the reduction in growth was less in the presence of metabolites produced by biotype th2 than that in the presence of metabolites produced by th1 or th3. a. bisporus produced metabolites in liquid culture that inhibited the grow ... | 1998 | 9835609 |
| modelling the effect of ethanol on growth rate of food spoilage moulds. | the effect of ethanol (e) on the radial growth rate (mu) of food spoilage moulds (aspergillus candidus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, eurotium herbariorum, mucor circinelloides, mucor racemosus, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium at a(w) 0.99, 25 degrees c. in order to model this effect, the monod type equation described previousl ... | 2005 | 15698687 |
| hydrophobin gene srh1, expressed during sporulation of the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum. | a cdna clone encoding a spore-related hydrophobin, srhi, was isolated from a cdna bank prepared from mrna induced in sporulating cultures of trichoderma harzianum by heterologous hybridization using the hfb2 gene encoding a spore-bound hydrophobin of trichoderma reesei as a probe. based on sequence similarity the predicted protein was identified as a new member of the class-ii hydrophobin family. including the signal sequences, srhi has 65% and 56% amino-acid similarity with the t. reesei hydrop ... | 1997 | 9339348 |
| enhancing biological control of basal stem rot disease (ganoderma boninense) in oil palm plantations. | basal stem rot (bsr) disease caused by ganoderma boninense is the most destructive disease in oil palm, especially in indonesia and malaysia. the available control measures for bsr disease such as cultural practices and mechanical and chemical treatment have not proved satisfactory due to the fact that ganoderma has various resting stages such as melanised mycelium, basidiospores and pseudosclerotia. alternative control measures to overcome the ganoderma problem are focused on the use of biologi ... | 2005 | 15750748 |
| biocontrol agents of botrytis cinerea tested in climate chambers by making artificial infection on tomato leafs. | to reduce the use of chemical agents, that are causing damage to the environment, in the fight against botrytis cinerea, different bca's were tested for their possibility to control botrytis cinerea in a biological way. in order to investigate the effectiveness of the different micro organisms and elot-vis, experiments were carried out in climate chambers with 5 weeks old tomato plants. leafs on the plant were inoculated with drops of a suspension that contained spores of botrytis cinerea. the p ... | 2004 | 15756850 |
| the use of wavelength-selective plastic cladding materials in horticulture: understanding of crop and fungal responses through the assessment of biological spectral weighting functions. | plant responses to light spectral quality can be exploited to deliver a range of agronomically desirable end points in protected crops. this can be achieved using plastics with specific spectral properties as crop covers. we have studied the responses of a range of crops to plastics that have either (a) increased transmission of uv compared with standard horticultural covers, (b) decreased transmission of uv or (c) increased the ratio of red (r) : far-red (fr) radiation. both the uv-transparent ... | 2005 | 15819600 |
| antifungal properties of surangin b, a coumarin from mammea longifolia. | the natural product electron transport inhibitor surangin b was examined for its ability to inhibit in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination in several species of fungi. as an inhibitor of mycelial growth, surangin b showed strongest activity against rhizoctonia solani (ic50 = 3.8 microm) and botrytis cinerea (ic50 = 11.2 microm). inhibitory effects were less pronounced in alternaria dauci, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium sp. (ic50 values > 30 microm) and absent in trichoderma harzianum ... | 2005 | 15856416 |
| tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of trichoderma spp. in relation to p uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | nine isolates of trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum pb that was used as the reference strain. all 9 trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. trichoderma viride (tv 97) (9.03 microg x ml(-1)), trichoderma virens (pdbctvs 12) (9.0 microg x ml(-1)), and trichoderma ... | 2005 | 15920619 |
| physiological and biochemical characterization of trichoderma harzianum, a biological control agent against soilborne fungal plant pathogens. | monoconidial cultures of 15 isolates of trichoderma harzianum were characterized on the basis of 82 morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and 99 isoenzyme bands from seven enzyme systems. the results were subjected to numerical analysis which revealed four distinct groups. representative sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its 1)-its 2 region in the ribosomal dna gene cluster were compared between groups confirming this distribution. the utility of the groupings gene ... | 1997 | 9251205 |
| post-transcriptional control of a glucoamylase gene from trichoderma harzianum under stress conditions. | we have examined the regulation of trichoderma harzianum glucoamylase gene (gla66) in response to different growth conditions. transcription of the gla66 gene is initiated from two different sites, yielding two transcripts of 2.1 kb and 2.6 kb respectively. the 2.1 kb mrna (st) encodes for an extracellular glucoamylase of 66 kda. this protein shows the domains conserved in other fungal glucoamylases: a signal peptide responsible for protein secretion and a catalytic domain, both joined by a link ... | 2005 | 15948964 |
| bgn16.3, a novel acidic beta-1,6-glucanase from mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma harzianum cect 2413. | a new component of the beta-1,6-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.75) multienzymatic complex secreted by trichoderma harzianum has been identified and fully characterized. the protein, namely bgn16.3, is the third isozyme displaying endo-beta-1,6-glucanase activity described up to now in t. harzianum cect 2413. bgn16.3 is an acidic beta-1,6-glucanase that is specifically induced by the presence of fungal cell walls in t. harzianum growth media. the protein was purified to electrophoretical homogenity using it ... | 2005 | 15982190 |
| [cloning and expression in yeasts of the class v chitinase cdna gene from trichoderma harzianum]. | to explore the integrated bio-control mechanism of trichoderma harzianum and acquire some bio-control associated novel genes, a trichoderma harzianum mycelium cdna library has been constructed and thereby randomly selected clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. full-length cdna, encoding class v chitinase (chiv), successfully cloned. the results indicated that the orf of chiv was 1194 bp, encoding 397 aa, deduced molecular weight 44 kd. the gene was ligated to the vector ... | 2005 | 15989271 |
| studies on the management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. | studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. all the treatments significantly improved ... | 2005 | 16052706 |
| in-vessel composting of household wastes. | the process of composting has been studied using five different types of reactors, each simulating a different condition for the formation of compost; one of which was designed as a dynamic complete-mix type household compost reactor. a lab-scale study was conducted first using the compost accelerators culture (trichoderma viridae, trichoderma harzianum, trichorus spirallis, aspergillus sp., paecilomyces fusisporus, chaetomium globosum) grown on jowar (sorghum vulgare) grains as the inoculum mix ... | 2006 | 16153815 |
| microbial synthesis of chitinase in solid cultures and its potential as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | antifungal activity of chitinase can be effectively utilized in biologic pest control strategies. because solid-state cultivation has been termed a cost-effective means for fungal growth and metabolite production, chitinase production by trichoderma harzianum was studied using wheat bran-based solid medium containing 1% colloidal chitin. chitinase synthesis was found to be growth associated because maximum enzyme (5.4 u/g of dry substrate) and biomass production occurred at 72 h. substrate moist ... | 2005 | 16186619 |
| fungal solid state culture of palm kernel cake. | palm kernel cake (pkc), an agro-industrial by-product used extensively in the animal feed industry, has limited use in fish feeds due to its high fiber and low protein contents. in this study, pkc was processed under solid state culture conditions with five fungal strains and the effect of this fungal culturing on the amino acid, fatty acid, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions was evaluated. fungal strains used were sclerotium rolfsii, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma longiobrachiatum, trich ... | 2006 | 16216731 |
| a refined method for the determination of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall composition and beta-1,6-glucan fine structure. | in yeast and other fungi, cell division, cell shape, and growth depend on the coordinated synthesis and degradation of cell wall polymers. we have developed a reliable and efficient micro method to determine saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall composition that distinguishes between beta1,3- and beta1,6-glucan. the method is based on the sequential treatment of cell walls with specific hydrolytic enzymes followed by dialysis. the low molecular weight (mw) products thus separated account for each p ... | 2002 | 11811978 |
| purification and properties of extracellular chitinases from the parasitic fungus isaria japonica. | two chitinases (p-1 and p-2) induced with colloidal chitin were purified from the culture supernatant of isaria japonica by chromatography on deae bio-gel, chromatofocusing and gel filtration with superdex 75 pg. the enzymes were electrophoretically homogeneous and estimated to have a molecular mass of 43,273 (+/-5) for p-1 and 31,134 (+/-6) for p-2 by maldi-ms. the optimum ph and temperature was 3.5-4.0 and 50 degrees c for p-1 and 4.0-4.5 and 40 degrees c for p-2. p-1 acted against chitosan 7b ... | 2001 | 16233143 |
| in vitro studies on the potential for biological control of aspergillus flavus and fusarium moniliforme by trichoderma species. a study of the production of extracellular metabolites by trichoderma species. | culture filtrates of trichoderma viride and trichoderma harzianum were inhibitory of fusarium moniliforme and, to a lesser extent, aspergillus flavus. the degree of inhibition was, however, dependent on the carbon or nitrogen source incorporated into the medium. scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of abnormal fruiting structures on exposure to some trichoderma culture filtrate, while macroscopically, growth restriction and, in the case of a. flavus, altered colony colouration w ... | 1997 | 16284721 |
| self-fusion of protoplasts enhances chitinase production and biocontrol activity in trichoderma harzianum. | protoplasts were isolated from trichoderma harzianum strain pth18 using lysing enzymes and self-fusion of t. harzianum protoplasts was carried out using polyethylene glycol in stc buffer. the fused protoplasts of t. harzianum were regenerated and 15 self-fusants were selected to study the chitinase production and biocontrol activity. high chitinase activity was measured in the culture filtrates of most of the self-fusants (87%) than the parent. among the fusants, the strain sfth8 produced maximu ... | 2006 | 16330207 |
| method to enhance growth and sporulation of pelletized biocontrol fungi. | the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum, used to control soilborne plant pathogens, and beauveria bassiana, used to control insect pests, were formulated as mycelial biomass in alginate pellets with wheat bran added. after drying for 0, 4, or 16 h, pellets were placed in water or in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (peg) 8000 for 4 to 24 h and then allowed to continue drying. peg-treated pellets containing t. harzianum showed significantly greater proliferation of hyphae in soil than ... | 1991 | 16348562 |
| comparative degradation of oomycete, ascomycete, and basidiomycete cell walls by mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi. | fourteen fungi (primarily representing mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi) were tested for their ability to grow on and degrade cell walls (cws) of an oomycete (pythium ultimum), ascomycete (fusarium equisetii), and basidiomycete (rhizoctonia solani), and their hydrolytic enzymes were characterized. protein was detected in the cultural medium of eleven of the test isolates, and these fungi significantly degraded cws over the 14-day duration of the experiment. in general, a greater level of cw de ... | 2002 | 11888164 |
| complete dna sequence and analysis of a mitochondrial plasmid in the mycoparasitic trichoderma harzianum strain t95. | a circular plasmid called pthr1, with a monomer size of 2.6 kb, was identified in the mitochondria of a trichoderma harzianum isolate. hybridization studies using cloned plasmids revealed no dna sequence similarity between the plasmid and the mitochondrial genome of the isolate. the complete sequence of the plasmid was determined, and the sequence analysis revealed that it contained a single long open reading frame of 1818 bp. sequence comparisons indicated that the derived amino acid sequence o ... | 2002 | 11982336 |
| variability of non-mutualistic filamentous fungi associated with atta sexdens rubropilosa nests. | a survey of the filamentous fungi other than the symbiotic one found in association with atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies was carried out. different fungal species (27 taxa) were isolated a few days after treating the workers with toxic baits (sulfluramid; mirex-s), from 40 laboratory and 20 field nests. syncephalastrum racemosum (54%) and escovopsis weberi (21%), trichoderma harzianum (38%) and fusarium oxysporum (23%) were the prevalent species in laboratory and field nests, respectively. acr ... | 2005 | 16475502 |
| [biological preparations with different mechanism of action for protecting potato against fungal diseases]. | mycological analysis throughout the vegetation period of potato (solanum tuberosum) made it possible to study in detail the structure of micromycete community, to determine typical dominant (frequency, more than 60%), typical common (frequency, 30 to 60%), typical rare (frequency, 10 to 30%), and casual (frequency, less than 10%) species and to estimate changes in the microorganism community caused by plant protection preparations with different mechanisms of action. it was shown that, as a resu ... | 2006 | 16521583 |
| aspartyl protease from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413: cloning and characterization. | a gene that encodes an extracellular aspartyl protease from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413, papa, has been isolated and characterized. based on several conserved regions of other fungal acid proteases, primers were designed to amplify a probe that was used to isolate the papa gene from a genomic library of t. harzianum. papa was an intronless orf which encoded a polypeptide of 404 aa, including a prepropeptide at the n-terminal region formed by one putative signal peptide, a second peptide whic ... | 2002 | 11988504 |
| improved 2-de of microorganisms after acidic extraction. | 2-de separations of protein extracts sometimes have problems with poor resolution and streaking. this problem is particularly apparent with microorganisms, most notably those with a large cell wall. here we describe a novel, rapid protocol for the extraction of microorganisms in acidic conditions, leading to increased resolution and 2-d gel quality. the efficiency of the protocol is demonstrated with extracts of bacteria, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis; fungus, trichoderma harzianum and ... | 2006 | 16609937 |
| [a study of the physicochemical and biological properties of mutanase from trichoderma harzianum]. | to determine the physicochemical properties of the mutanase of trichoderma harzianum isolated from china and to study the influence of mutanase on the adherence of oral streptococci and the structure of oral biofilms. | 2006 | 16620625 |
| biological protection of the main cereals against fungal specific diseases. | our field experiments showed that the use of czech biopreparations (supresivit, ibefungin and polyversum) based on the following microorganisms: trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilts and pythium oligandrum applied as the seed treatment, the spray on the plants and like the mixture with mineral fertilizers (npk, ammonium sulphate) lead namely after the seed-treatment and after the application as the mixture with mineral fertilizers to the increasing of the yield about 3-5 % (spring barley, win ... | 2005 | 16637172 |
| biotic relation between fusarium oxysporum schlecht. and fungi isolated from the substrate of stewartia pseudocamellia (max.). | the effect of the fungi community colonizing the substrate of stewartia plants on the growth of fusarium oxysporum schlecht. was investigated. the soil samples from 2 years old stewartia cuttings were taken for analysis in the second decade of october 2002 and 2003, when the symptoms of disease appeared on stewartia plant. fungi were isolated from the substrate using the sand method (mańka k. 1974). fusarium oxysporum were isolated from root system of stewartia pseudocamellia plant. the isolates ... | 2005 | 16637175 |
| effects of fungal interaction on ochratoxin a production by a. carbonarius at different temperatures and a(w). | ochratoxin a is a well-known mycotoxin produced by species of the genera penicillium and aspergillus. ota-producing species from a. section nigri are considered the source of ota detected in grapes, dried vine fruits and wines. other fungi present in grapes during their maturation can grow and interact with ota-producing aspergillus species and affect ota production. in this study seven fungi (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium d ... | 2006 | 16735071 |
| thhog1 controls the hyperosmotic stress response in trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum is a widespread mycoparasitic fungus, able to successfully colonize a wide range of substrates under different environmental conditions. transcript profiling revealed a subset of genes induced in t. harzianum under hyperosmotic shock. the hog1 gene, a homologue of the mapk hog1 gene that controls the hyperosmotic stress response in saccharomyces cerevisiae, was characterized. t. harzianum hog1 complemented the hog1delta mutation in s. cerevisiae, but showed different featur ... | 2006 | 16735732 |
| an antifungal peptide from passion fruit (passiflora edulis) seeds with similarities to 2s albumin proteins. | an actual worldwide problem consists of an expressive increase of economic losses and health problems caused by fungi. in order to solve this problem, several studies have been concentrating on the screening of novel plant defence peptides with antifungal activities. these peptides are commonly characterized by having low molecular masses and cationic charges. this present work reports on the purification and characterization of a novel plant peptide of 5.0 kda, pe-afp1, purified from the seeds ... | 2006 | 16766236 |
| major secondary metabolites produced by two commercial trichoderma strains active against different phytopathogens. | trichoderma harzianum strains t22 and t39 are two micro-organisms used as active agents in a variety of commercial biopesticides and biofertilizers and widely applied amongst field and greenhouse crops. the production, isolation, biological and chemical characterization of the main secondary metabolites produced by these strains are investigated. | 2006 | 16869896 |
| degradation of pyrene by indigenous fungi from a former gasworks site. | indigenous fungi isolated from soil of a former gasworks site were investigated in submerged cultures with pyrene as the sole carbon source. five fungal strains capable of degrading pyrene included one strain of trichoderma harzianum and four strains with characteristics of the genus penicillium. these are identified as penicillium simplicissimum, penicillium janthinellum, penicillium funiculosum and penicillium terrestre. a maximum of 75% of 50 mg l(-1) and 67% of 100 mg l(-1) of pyrene was rem ... | 2002 | 12044679 |
| transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing chitinases of fungal origin show enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress agents. | genes encoding defense-related proteins have been used to alter the resistance of plants to pathogens and other environmental challenges, but no single fungal gene overexpression has produced broad-spectrum stress resistance in transgenic lines. we have generated transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) lines that overexpress the endochitinases chit33 and chit42 from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma harzianum and have evaluated their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. both chit33 and chit ... | 2006 | 16891545 |
| susceptibility of the ant-cultivated fungus leucoagaricus gongylophorus (agaricales: basidiomycota) towards microfungi. | the aim of this study was to select virulent strains of microfungi against leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a symbiotic fungus cultivated by leaf-cutting ants. the results from in vitro assays showed that microfungal strains had a variable and significant impact on the colony development of l. gongylophorus. specifically, trichoderma harzianum, escovopsis weberi cbs 810.71 and e. weberi a088 were more effective, inhibiting the l. gongylophorus colonies by 75, 68 and 67%, respectively (p < 0.05) afte ... | 2006 | 16897590 |
| xyloglucanases in the interaction between saprobe fungi and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | we studied the production of xyloglucanase enzymes of pea and lettuce roots in the presence of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the am fungus glomus mosseae and the saprobe fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum-126, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium chrysogenum, pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus niger were used. g. mosseae increased the shoot and root dry weight of pea but not of lettuce. most of the saprobe fungi increased the level of mycorrhization of pea and lettuce ... | 2007 | 16904235 |
| studies on the interaction between grape-associated filamentous fungi on a synthetic medium. | eleven fungi isolated from grapes and sun-dried grapes (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, penicillium janthinellum, p. decumbens, trichoderma harzianum, candida sp., aspergillus carbonarius ota-negative, a. carbonarius ota-positive, a. niger var. niger. and a. japonicus var. aculeatus), were grown in snm medium at different water activities (0.82-0.97) and temperature (20-40 degrees c) levels for 18 days. pairs of one aspergillus faced with one non-aspergillus we ... | 2007 | 16996158 |
| heterologous expression and site-directed mutagenesis studies of two trichoderma harzianum chitinases, chit33 and chit42, in escherichia coli. | heterologous expression of two fungal chitinases, chit33 and chit42, from trichoderma harzianum was tested in the different compartments and on the surface of escherichia coli cells. our goal was to find a fast and efficient expression system for protein engineering and directed evolution studies of the two fungal enzymes. cytoplasmic overexpression resulted in both cases in inclusion body formation, where active enzyme could be recovered after refolding. periplasmic expression of chit33, and es ... | 2007 | 16997574 |
| inhibition of aflatoxin b production of aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products. | the inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, captan, leaf powder of withania somnifera, hyptis suaveolens, eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of citrus sinensis, citrus medica and punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger on aflatoxin b(1) production by toxigenic strain of aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. | 2006 | 17032218 |
| leaf hairs influence phytopathogenic fungus infection and confer an increased resistance when expressing a trichoderma alpha-1,3-glucanase. | the leaf surface of a very large number of plant species are covered by trichomes. non-glandular trichomes are specialized unicellular or multicellular structures that occur in many different plant species and function in xenobiotic detoxification and protecting the plant against pest attack. by analysing the susceptibility of trichome mutants, evidence is provided that indicates the influence of leaf trichomes on foliar fungal infections in arabidopsis thaliana, probably by facilitating the adh ... | 2006 | 17043085 |
| biological control of peach fungal pathogens by commercial products and indigenous yeasts. | the potential use of the commercial biocontrol products serenade (bacillus subtilis qst-713) and trichodex (trichoderma harzianum rifai strain t39) to inhibit the postharvest pathogenic molds penicillium crustosum and mucor circinelloides was investigated. both products exhibited antagonistic activity in vitro against the pathogens, reducing their growth at different levels. in addition, epiphytic yeasts isolated from peaches were identified as candida maltosa, pichia fermentans, and pichia kluy ... | 2006 | 17066929 |
| characterisation of two 14-3-3 genes from trichoderma reesei: interactions with yeast secretory pathway components. | the 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed proteins taking part in numerous cellular processes. two genes encoding 14-3-3 proteins, ftt1 and ftt2, were isolated and characterised from the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei. ftti showed the highest sequence identity (98% at the amino acid level) to the trichoderma harzianum protein th1433. fttii is relatively distinct from ftti, showing approximately 75% identity to other fungal 14-3-3 proteins. despite their sequence div ... | 2002 | 12063166 |
| partial silencing of a hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coa reductase-encoding gene in trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 results in a lower level of resistance to lovastatin and lower antifungal activity. | in the present article, we describe the cloning and characterization of the trichoderma harzianum hmgr gene encoding a hydroxymethylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of terpene compounds. in t. harzianum, partial silencing of the hmgr gene gave rise to transformants with a higher level of sensitivity to lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of the hmgr enzyme. in addition, these hmgr-silenced transformants produced lower levels of ergosterol than the wild-type strain ... | 2007 | 17218128 |
| a fermentation system designed to independently evaluate mixing and/or oxygen tension effects in microbial processes: development, application and performance. | in order to evaluate the independent effects of hydrodynamic conditions and/or oxygen tension on culture physiology and productivity, a fermentation system designed to control dissolved oxygen at constant power drawn (p/v) was developed. the system included a fully instrumented 14 l bioreactor coupled to a pc for data acquisition and control. power drawn was measured (using a commercial torquemeter coupled to the shaft) and maintained constant by varying the agitation speed; while gas blending w ... | 2007 | 17225992 |
| in vitro suppression of fungi caused by combinations of apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria. | we hypothesized that apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria may contribute to suppression of fungi during competitive interactions with other bacteria. four soil bacteria (brevundimonas sp., luteibacter sp., pedobacter sp. and pseudomonas sp.) that exhibited little or no visible antifungal activity on different agar media were prescribed. single and mixed strains of these species were tested for antagonism on a nutrient-poor agar medium against the plant pathogenic fungi fusarium culmorum and ... | 2007 | 17233750 |
| fermentation and antimicrobial activities of extracts from different species of fungus belonging to genus, trichoderma. | the present paper discusses the effects of the crude extracts of trichoderma spp. on a number of fungal and bacterial organisms. these include paecilomyces variotii, penicillium notatum, nematospora corylii, mucor miehei, bacillus brevis, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter dissolvens and sarcina lutea. the culture broth extracts of different isolates of trichoderma harzianum, t. longibrachiatum and t. koningii cultured in different media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and an ... | 2004 | 17298115 |
| endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. | mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. the physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. in the interaction between poa ampla and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal beta-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detect ... | 2002 | 12427996 |
| purification of a chitinase from trichoderma sp. and its action on sclerotium rolfsii and rhizoctonia solani cell walls. | trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent of several important plant pathogenic fungi. this trichoderma species attacks other fungi by secreting lytic enzymes, including beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinolytic enzymes. superior biocontrol potential may then be found in strains having a high capacity to produce these enzymes. we have therefore evaluated the capacity of six unidentified trichoderma spp. isolates to produce chitinolytic enzymes and beta-1,3-glucanases in comparison with t. ... | 1997 | 12501351 |
| microbial community composition affects soil fungistasis. | most soils inhibit fungal germination and growth to a certain extent, a phenomenon known as soil fungistasis. previous observations have implicated microorganisms as the causal agents of fungistasis, with their action mediated either by available carbon limitation (nutrient deprivation hypothesis) or production of antifungal compounds (antibiosis hypothesis). to obtain evidence for either of these hypotheses, we measured soil respiration and microbial numbers (as indicators of nutrient stress) a ... | 2003 | 12571002 |
| in vitro biocontrol analysis of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler under different environmental conditions. | the species trichoderma harzianum was analyzed as possible biocontrol agent of alternaria alternata under different environmental conditions (water activity and temperature). the strains were analyzed macroscopically to obtain the index of dominance. the analysis was completed using two microscopic techniques. t. harzianum showed dominance on contact over a. alternata at all testing temperatures and water activities tested except at 0.95 a(w) and 15 degrees c, at which t. harzianum inhibited a. ... | 2007 | 17356789 |
| safety evaluation of a glucanase preparation intended for use in food including a subchronic study in rats and mutagenicity studies. | an enzyme preparation containing glucanase produced by the fungus trichoderma harzianum is intended to be used to improve the clarification and filtration of wines. the safety of a glucanase preparation was assessed in a series of toxicological tests to document its safety in use. oral administration to rats of up to 10 ml/kg bw/day (equivalent to a total organic solids dosage of 1258 mg/kg bw/day or a glucanase dosage of 1882 bgxu/kg bw/day) for 13 weeks did not cause any adverse effect. the te ... | 2003 | 12662905 |
| multilocus phylogenetic structure within the trichoderma harzianum/hypocrea lixii complex. | trichoderma harzianum is a ubiquitous species in the environment and is effective in the biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi. t. harzianum has not been linked unequivocally to its sexual state nor has its phylogeny been studied in detail. it has been suggested that t. harzianum is a species complex based on the phenotypic and genotypic variability encountered. on the basis of morphological and cultural characters and dna sequence data analysis of four genes (its rdna, translation elonga ... | 2003 | 12695093 |
| determination of fungal spore release from wet building materials. | the release and transport of fungal spores from water-damaged building materials is a key factor for understanding the exposure to particles of fungal origin as a possible cause of adverse health effects associated to growth of fungi indoors. in this study, the release of spores from nine species of typical indoor fungi has been measured under controlled conditions. the fungi were cultivated for a period of 4-6 weeks on sterilized wet wallpapered gypsum boards at a relative humidity (rh) of appr ... | 2003 | 12756008 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp. gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani. this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93% mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to be effec ... | 2006 | 17390853 |
| microscopic and transcriptome analyses of early colonization of tomato roots by trichoderma harzianum. | the capacity of the fungus trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 to colonize roots and stimulate plant growth was analyzed. tobacco seedlings (nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to petri dishes inoculated with t. harzianum conidia showed increased plant fresh weight (140%) and foliar area (300%), as well as the proliferation of secondary roots (300%) and true leaves (140%). the interaction between strain cect 2413 and the tomato-root system was also studied during the early stages of root colonization ... | 2007 | 17407057 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| structure of dried cellular alginate matrix containing fillers provides extra protection for microorganisms against uvc radiation. | soil microorganisms in general and biocontrol agents in particular are very sensitive to uv light. the packaging of biocontrol microorganisms into cellular solids has been developed as a means of reducing loss caused by exposure to environmental uv radiation. the bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents pantoea agglomerans and trichoderma harzianum were immobilized in freeze-dried alginate beads containing fillers and subjected to 254 nm uv radiation (uvc). immobilization of cells in freeze-dried ... | 2003 | 12859230 |
| inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirin. | tnf-alpha is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates further cytokine induction, especially of il-1 and il-6, in many human diseases including cancer, inflammation and immune disorders. in a search for new inhibitors of inducible tnf-alpha promoter activity and expression, cultures of the imperfect fungus trichoderma harzianum were found to produce gliovirin, a previously isolated epipolythiodiketopiperazine. gliovirin inhibited inducible tnf-alpha promoter activity and synthesis in lps ... | 2007 | 17552910 |
| trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol agent against bipolaris oryzae. | rice brown spot, caused by bipolaris oryzae, can be a serious disease causing a considerable yield loss. trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent for a number of plant fungal diseases. thus, this research was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of action by which t. harzianum antagonizes bipolaris oryzae in vitro, and the efficacy of spray application of a spore suspension of t. harzianum for control of rice brown spot disease under field conditions. in vitro, the antagonisti ... | 2007 | 17592758 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp., gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93 per cent mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to ... | 2006 | 17612349 |
| microbial toxicity of pesticide derivatives produced with uv-photodegradation. | our study aimed at acquiring information about the biological effect of pesticides and their degradates produced by uv-treatment on microbiological activity. five photosensitive pesticides (carbendazim, acetochlor, simazine, chlorpyrifos, eptc) and six representative soil microbes (bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, mycobacterium phlei, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium expansum, trichoderma harzianum) were applied throughout our model experiments. the antimicrobial effects of the pestici ... | 2007 | 17639315 |
| human exposure to airborne fungi from genera used as biocontrol agents in plant production. | the fungi trichoderma harzianum, t. polysporum, t. viride, paeciliomyces fumosoroseus, p. lilacinus, verticillium/lecanicillium lecanii, ulocladium oudemansii, u. atrum and beauveria bassiana are used or considered to be used for biocontrol of pests and plant diseases. human exposure to these fungi in environments where they may naturally occur or are used as biocontrol agents has not been directly investigated to date. this review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of human ex ... | 2007 | 17655172 |
| [mycoparasites effect on reproductive ability of sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia.]. | the ability to parasitise sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the effect on apothecia production was evaluated for the following antagonists: trichoderma harzianum; trichoderma koningii; gliocladium roseum and chaetomium globosum. plastic trays were filled with of steam-sterilized soil. each one of them was infested with sclerotia of s. sclerotiorum and the culture of the antagonists. the trays were kept in a greenhouse and after 30, 60 and 90 days, evaluations were made. the rates of carpogenic germin ... | 1998 | 17655415 |
| chitosan-mediated changes in cell wall composition, morphology and ultrastructure in two wood-inhabiting fungi. | the effect of chitosan on cell wall deposition was investigated in the two wood-inhabiting fungal species trichoderma harzianum (cbs 597.91) and sphaeropsis sapinea (nzfs 2725). the study used three independent analytical techniques to quantify chitin in the fungal mycelium. a colorimetric method for the detection of d-glucosamine was compared with two gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms) methods employing alditol acetates analysis and pyrolysis. the latter used a stable-isotope-labelled ... | 2007 | 17707625 |
| application of dna bar codes for screening of industrially important fungi: the haplotype of trichoderma harzianum sensu stricto indicates superior chitinase formation. | selection of suitable strains for biotechnological purposes is frequently a random process supported by high-throughput methods. using chitinase production by hypocrea lixii/trichoderma harzianum as a model, we tested whether fungal strains with superior enzyme formation may be diagnosed by dna bar codes. we analyzed sequences of two phylogenetic marker loci, internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and its2 of the rrna-encoding gene cluster and the large intron of the elongation factor 1-alpha gene ... | 2007 | 17827332 |
| cloning and characterization of bgn16.3, coding for a beta-1,6-glucanase expressed during trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitism. | to clone and characterize the gene coding for bgn16.3, a beta-1,6-glucanase putatively implicated in mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent used against plant pathogenic fungi. | 2007 | 17897233 |