| oxidation of triphenylarsine to triphenylarsineoxide by trichoderma harzianum and other fungi. | arsenic resistant strains of bacteria and fungi were isolated from soil contaminated by chemical warfare agents. until now, no metabolic products of microbial attack against the phenyl residues of the model substrate triphenylarsine (tp) were found if it was incubated together with these strains in liquid culture assays. however, one of the isolated fungi, trichoderma harzianum as 11, was found to oxidize tp to triphenylarsineoxide (tpo). the yeast trichosporon mucoides sbug 801 and the white-ro ... | 2001 | 11482658 |
| characterization of a chitinase and an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from trichoderma harzianum rifai t24 involved in control of the phytopathogen sclerotium rolfsii. | of 24 trichoderma isolates, t harzianum rifai (t24) showed a potential for control of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete sclerotium rolfsii. when t24 was grown on different carbon sources, growth inhibition of s. rolfsii by the t24 culture filtrate correlated with the activity of extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. the 43-kilodalton (kda) chitinase and the 74-kda beta-1,3-glucanase were purified from the t24 culture filtrate in two and three steps, respectively, using ammonium sulphat ... | 2001 | 11499921 |
| identification of trichoderma strains by image analysis of hplc chromatograms. | forty-four trichoderma strains from water-damaged building materials or indoor dust were classified with chromatographic image analysis on full chromatographic matrices obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with uv detection of culture extracts. the classes were compared with morphological identification and rdna sequence data, and for each class all strains were of the same identity. with all three techniques each strain--except one--was identified as the same species. these strain ... | 2001 | 11583856 |
| detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) produced by moulds on various materials. | twelve fungal species were screened for microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs): aspergillus fumigatus, a. versicolor, a. niger, a. ochraceus, trichoderma harzianum, t. pseudokoningii, penicillium brevicompactum, p. chrysogenum, p. claviforme, p. expansum, fusarium solani and mucor sp. more than 150 volatile substances derived from fungal cultures have been analysed by head-space solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme). each species had a defined mvoc profile which may be subjected to conside ... | 2001 | 11759153 |
| a refined method for the determination of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall composition and beta-1,6-glucan fine structure. | in yeast and other fungi, cell division, cell shape, and growth depend on the coordinated synthesis and degradation of cell wall polymers. we have developed a reliable and efficient micro method to determine saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall composition that distinguishes between beta1,3- and beta1,6-glucan. the method is based on the sequential treatment of cell walls with specific hydrolytic enzymes followed by dialysis. the low molecular weight (mw) products thus separated account for each p ... | 2002 | 11811978 |
| characterization of a protease produced by a trichoderma harzianum isolate which controls cocoa plant witches' broom disease. | several trichoderma strains have been reported to be effective in controlling plant diseases, and the action of fungal hydrolytic enzymes has been considered as the main mechanism involved in the antagonistic process. however, although trichoderma strains were found to impair development of crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of cocoa plant witches' broom disease, no fungal strain is available for effective control of this disease. we have then undertaken a program of construction of hydrol ... | 2002 | 11835696 |
| comparative degradation of oomycete, ascomycete, and basidiomycete cell walls by mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi. | fourteen fungi (primarily representing mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi) were tested for their ability to grow on and degrade cell walls (cws) of an oomycete (pythium ultimum), ascomycete (fusarium equisetii), and basidiomycete (rhizoctonia solani), and their hydrolytic enzymes were characterized. protein was detected in the cultural medium of eleven of the test isolates, and these fungi significantly degraded cws over the 14-day duration of the experiment. in general, a greater level of cw de ... | 2002 | 11888164 |
| complete dna sequence and analysis of a mitochondrial plasmid in the mycoparasitic trichoderma harzianum strain t95. | a circular plasmid called pthr1, with a monomer size of 2.6 kb, was identified in the mitochondria of a trichoderma harzianum isolate. hybridization studies using cloned plasmids revealed no dna sequence similarity between the plasmid and the mitochondrial genome of the isolate. the complete sequence of the plasmid was determined, and the sequence analysis revealed that it contained a single long open reading frame of 1818 bp. sequence comparisons indicated that the derived amino acid sequence o ... | 2002 | 11982336 |
| aspartyl protease from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413: cloning and characterization. | a gene that encodes an extracellular aspartyl protease from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413, papa, has been isolated and characterized. based on several conserved regions of other fungal acid proteases, primers were designed to amplify a probe that was used to isolate the papa gene from a genomic library of t. harzianum. papa was an intronless orf which encoded a polypeptide of 404 aa, including a prepropeptide at the n-terminal region formed by one putative signal peptide, a second peptide whic ... | 2002 | 11988504 |
| diversity in soil fungi from undisturbed and disturbed celtis tala and scutia buxifolia forests in the eastern buenos aires province (argentina). | the rhizospheric soil microfungi from a native forest (undisturbed and disturbed) were studied using soil dilution plate and soil washing methods. fungi were isolated using slightly acid and alkaline culture media. 54 taxa were isolated: 49 from undisturbed forest soil and 37 from disturbed forest soil. acremonium sp., aspergillus ustus, coemansia pectinata, doratomyces stemonitis, fusarium solani, f. oxysporum, gliocladium roseum, humicola fusco-atra, mortierella sp., penicillium lilacinum, tri ... | 2002 | 12002400 |
| comparison of the effects of temperature and water activity on growth rate of food spoilage moulds. | the influence of temperature (t) and water activity (aw) on the growth rate (mu) of seven moulds (alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, mucor racemosus, penicillium chrysogenum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in suboptimal conditions. firstly, the dependence of fungal growth on temperature, at aw 0.99, was modelled through an approach described previously for bacteria. a dimensionless growth rate variable: mu(dimalpha)=mu/mu (optalpha) d ... | 2002 | 12032803 |
| degradation of pyrene by indigenous fungi from a former gasworks site. | indigenous fungi isolated from soil of a former gasworks site were investigated in submerged cultures with pyrene as the sole carbon source. five fungal strains capable of degrading pyrene included one strain of trichoderma harzianum and four strains with characteristics of the genus penicillium. these are identified as penicillium simplicissimum, penicillium janthinellum, penicillium funiculosum and penicillium terrestre. a maximum of 75% of 50 mg l(-1) and 67% of 100 mg l(-1) of pyrene was rem ... | 2002 | 12044679 |
| characterisation of two 14-3-3 genes from trichoderma reesei: interactions with yeast secretory pathway components. | the 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed proteins taking part in numerous cellular processes. two genes encoding 14-3-3 proteins, ftt1 and ftt2, were isolated and characterised from the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei. ftti showed the highest sequence identity (98% at the amino acid level) to the trichoderma harzianum protein th1433. fttii is relatively distinct from ftti, showing approximately 75% identity to other fungal 14-3-3 proteins. despite their sequence div ... | 2002 | 12063166 |
| trichosetin, a novel tetramic acid antibiotic produced in dual culture of trichoderma harzianum and catharanthus roseus callus. | the dual culture of trichoderma harzianum and catharanthus roseus callus produced an antimicrobial compound with a remarkable activity against the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. structural elucidation revealed that this compound, which we have named trichosetin, is a novel tetramic acid (2,4-pyrrolidinedione) antibiotic and a homolog of the fungal metabolite equisetin. this compound however, was not produced in the individual culture of t. harzianum or c. ros ... | 2002 | 12132686 |
| composting of a crop residue through treatment with microorganisms and subsequent vermicomposting. | preliminary studies were conducted on wheat straw to test the technical viability of an integrated system of composting, with bioinoculants and subsequent vermicomposting, to overcome the problem of lignocellulosic waste degradation, especially during the winter season. wheat straw was pre-decomposed for 40 days by inoculating it with pleurotus sajor-caju, trichoderma harzianum, aspergillus niger and azotobacter chroococcum in different combinations. this was followed by vermicomposting for 30 d ... | 2002 | 12227532 |
| extracellular laccases in ascomycetes trichoderma atroviride and trichoderma harzianum. | laccase activity in trichoderma harzianum and in our own isolate trichoderma atroviride was correlated with the production of the green pigment in conidial spores. the laccases of the two fungal species exhibit comparable kinetic parameters, ph optima and thermal sensitivity but differed in physiological properties, such as their catalytic activity during growth. | 2002 | 12422522 |
| endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. | mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. the physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. in the interaction between poa ampla and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal beta-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detect ... | 2002 | 12427996 |
| cloning and characterization of the naga gene that encodes beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from aspergillus nidulans and its expression in aspergillus oryzae. | we isolated a beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase encoding gene and its cdna from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, and designated it naga. the naga gene contained no intron and encoded a polypeptide of 603 amino acids with a putative 19-amino acid signal sequence. the deduced amino acid sequence was very similar to the sequence of candida albicans hex1 and trichoderma harzianum nag1. yeast cells containing the naga cdna under the control of the gal1 promoter expressed beta-n-acetylglucosami ... | 2002 | 12450128 |
| genetic relatedness of trichoderma sect. pachybasium species based on molecular approaches. | molecular approaches including internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences of ribosomal dna, universal primer polymerase chain reaction (up-pcr) fingerprinting, and dna-dna hybridization were used to study the genetic relatedness of species within trichoderma sect. pachybasium. in the analysis of its and 5.8s sequences of ribosomal dna, parsimony analysis demonstrated that forty-one strains were distributed into five main groups supported by high bootstrap values. the species of trichoderma sect ... | 2002 | 12455615 |
| expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma asperellum (t. harzianum t-203). | the presence of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma harzianum tm was assessed in several antagonistic trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. chit37 from t. harzianum cect 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with chit36 at the amino acid level. northern analysis showed that chit36y from t. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. stress conditions, colloidal chitin and n-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this ge ... | 2002 | 12478390 |
| purification of a chitinase from trichoderma sp. and its action on sclerotium rolfsii and rhizoctonia solani cell walls. | trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent of several important plant pathogenic fungi. this trichoderma species attacks other fungi by secreting lytic enzymes, including beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinolytic enzymes. superior biocontrol potential may then be found in strains having a high capacity to produce these enzymes. we have therefore evaluated the capacity of six unidentified trichoderma spp. isolates to produce chitinolytic enzymes and beta-1,3-glucanases in comparison with t. ... | 1997 | 12501351 |
| transformation with green fluorescent protein of trichoderma harzianum 1051, a strain with biocontrol activity against crinipellis perniciosa, the agent of witches'-broom disease of cocoa. | a plasmid vector for fungal expression of an enhanced, red-shifted variant of the aequoria victoriae green fluorescent protein was constructed by fusion of the egfp gene to the highly expressed aspergillus nidulans gpd promoter and the a. nidulans trpc terminator. this construction was introduced by cotransformation, using benomyl selection, into trichoderma harzianum strain 1051, a strain being evaluated for the biological control of witches'-broom disease of cocoa caused by crinipellis pernici ... | 1999 | 12501389 |
| characterization of the surface hydrophobicity of filamentous fungi. | a method for the quantitative analysis of the hydrophobicity of the mycelial mat of filamentous fungi based on contact angle measurements is presented. it was tested for a range of fungi belonging to the classes of basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycetes. the measured contact angles of the mycelial mats ranged between hydrophilic (<30 degrees) for the deuteromycetes fusarium oxysporum fo47 gus1 and trichoderma harzianum p1[pzega1] and hydrophobic (>60 degrees) for the ascomycete cladospor ... | 2003 | 12558591 |
| microbial community composition affects soil fungistasis. | most soils inhibit fungal germination and growth to a certain extent, a phenomenon known as soil fungistasis. previous observations have implicated microorganisms as the causal agents of fungistasis, with their action mediated either by available carbon limitation (nutrient deprivation hypothesis) or production of antifungal compounds (antibiosis hypothesis). to obtain evidence for either of these hypotheses, we measured soil respiration and microbial numbers (as indicators of nutrient stress) a ... | 2003 | 12571002 |
| phytotoxicity of the tetramic acid metabolite trichosetin. | trichosetin, a tetramic acid-containing metabolite produced in the dual culture of trichoderma harzianum and catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don callus, was subjected to phytotoxicity assays. in seedling growth assays, trichosetin inhibited root and shoot growth of all five plant species tested by damaging the cell membrane, as evidenced by the dose-dependent increase in electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. vital staining of trichosetin-treated nicotiana tabacum by-2 cells, with rhodamine 123 ... | 2003 | 12620323 |
| [the existence of contamination in enzymes used for the isolation of aspergillus and candida species dna]. | molecular biological methods which are widely used in different fields, have been replaced with conventional diagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, recently. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of these methods, with high specificity and sensitivity, which is accepted throughout the world. however, the enzymes that are used for the isolation of target dna, may be contaminated with the gene sequences of some other fungal species in the preparation steps and may ... | 2002 | 12652873 |
| safety evaluation of a glucanase preparation intended for use in food including a subchronic study in rats and mutagenicity studies. | an enzyme preparation containing glucanase produced by the fungus trichoderma harzianum is intended to be used to improve the clarification and filtration of wines. the safety of a glucanase preparation was assessed in a series of toxicological tests to document its safety in use. oral administration to rats of up to 10 ml/kg bw/day (equivalent to a total organic solids dosage of 1258 mg/kg bw/day or a glucanase dosage of 1882 bgxu/kg bw/day) for 13 weeks did not cause any adverse effect. the te ... | 2003 | 12662905 |
| genetic and metabolic diversity of trichoderma: a case study on south-east asian isolates. | we have used isolates of trichoderma spp. collected in south-east asia, including taiwan and western indonesia, to assess the genetic and metabolic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma. ninety-six strains were isolated in total, and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological and biochemical characters (biolog system), and by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the rdna cluster, using ex-type strains and taxonomically est ... | 2003 | 12684020 |
| multilocus phylogenetic structure within the trichoderma harzianum/hypocrea lixii complex. | trichoderma harzianum is a ubiquitous species in the environment and is effective in the biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi. t. harzianum has not been linked unequivocally to its sexual state nor has its phylogeny been studied in detail. it has been suggested that t. harzianum is a species complex based on the phenotypic and genotypic variability encountered. on the basis of morphological and cultural characters and dna sequence data analysis of four genes (its rdna, translation elonga ... | 2003 | 12695093 |
| interactions between nematophagous fungi and consequences for their potential as biological agents for the control of potato cyst nematodes. | the efficacies of three nematophagous fungi, paecilomyces lilacinus, plectosphaerella cucumerina and pochonia chlamydosporia, for controlling potato cyst nematodes (pcn) as part of an integrated pest management (ipm) regime were studied. the compatibility of the nematophagous fungi with commonly used chemical pesticides and their ability to compete with the soil fungi rhizoctonia solani, chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium bilaii and trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro. p ... | 2003 | 12735243 |
| determination of fungal spore release from wet building materials. | the release and transport of fungal spores from water-damaged building materials is a key factor for understanding the exposure to particles of fungal origin as a possible cause of adverse health effects associated to growth of fungi indoors. in this study, the release of spores from nine species of typical indoor fungi has been measured under controlled conditions. the fungi were cultivated for a period of 4-6 weeks on sterilized wet wallpapered gypsum boards at a relative humidity (rh) of appr ... | 2003 | 12756008 |
| expression of the red fluorescent protein dsred-express in filamentous ascomycete fungi. | the recently reported red fluorescent protein dsred from the reef coral discosoma sp. represents a new marker that has been codon-optimized for high expression in mammalian cells. to facilitate expression of dsred in ascomycete fungi, we used the clone pdsred-express (clontech) for constructing a plasmid vector, ppgpd-dsred, containing the constitutive aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gpd) promoter. this vector was used for co-transformation of penicillium paxilli, trichoderma ha ... | 2003 | 12799012 |
| antagonistic activity of penicillium oxalicum corrie and thom, penicillium decumbens thom and trichoderma harzianum rifai isolates against fungi, bacteria and insects in vitro. | the antibiotic activity of 70 isolates belonging to the genera aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium, alternaria and trichoderma was tested as preliminary screening. the highest activity was obtained with three penicillium oxalicum isolates, one penicillium decumbens isolate and the trichoderma harzianum isolate. after that, we chose these five isolates in order to carry out other studies with bacteria, fungi and insects. extracts from these isolates were obtained. the extracts were tested for anti ... | 2002 | 12828512 |
| a selective medium for quantitative reisolation of trichoderma harzianum from agaricus bisporus compost. | we adapted a selective medium, previously developed for reisolation of trichoderma spp. from soil, for quantitative determination of growth of t. harzianum from commercial agaricus bisporus composts. this medium enables comparisons of aggressive (sensu inhibition of a. bisporus yield) with nonaggressive t. harzianum groups. the resulting medium contains the antimicrobials chloramphenicol, streptomycin, quintozene, and propamocarb and was highly selective, allowing the recovery of t. harzianum, a ... | 2003 | 12839798 |
| saprotrophic and mycoparasitic components of aggressiveness of trichoderma harzianum groups toward the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | we examined the mycoparasitic and saprotrophic behavior of isolates representing groups of trichoderma harzianum to establish a mechanism for the aggressiveness towards agaricus bisporus in infested commercial compost. mycoparasitic structures were infrequently observed in interaction zones on various media, including compost, with cryoscanning electron microscopy. t. harzianum grows prolifically in compost in the absence or presence of a. bisporus, and the aggressive european (th2) and north am ... | 2003 | 12839799 |
| structure of dried cellular alginate matrix containing fillers provides extra protection for microorganisms against uvc radiation. | soil microorganisms in general and biocontrol agents in particular are very sensitive to uv light. the packaging of biocontrol microorganisms into cellular solids has been developed as a means of reducing loss caused by exposure to environmental uv radiation. the bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents pantoea agglomerans and trichoderma harzianum were immobilized in freeze-dried alginate beads containing fillers and subjected to 254 nm uv radiation (uvc). immobilization of cells in freeze-dried ... | 2003 | 12859230 |
| investigating the role of a verticillium fungicola beta-1,6-glucanase during infection of agaricus bisporus using targeted gene disruption. | studies on the mycopathogen verticillium fungicola have shown the up-regulation of beta-1,6-glucanases when grown in the presence of host cell walls and host cell wall components including chitin. these cell-wall-degrading enzymes are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenic ability of mycopathogens. a beta-1,6-glucanase gene, vfglu1, showing high similarity to beta-1,6-glucanase genes from hypocrea virens, neotyphodium sp., and trichoderma harzianum, was isolated using degenerate pcr from v ... | 2003 | 12892639 |
| fungal proteomics: mapping the mitochondrial proteins of a trichoderma harzianum strain applied for biological control. | mitochondria are essential for cellular functions across organisms. a proteomic approach was taken to separate and identify mitochondrial proteins from a strain of trichoderma harzianum with well established biocontrol properties. we optimized a method for the preparation of a sample enriched with mitochondria by ensuring efficient cell lysis and including several washing steps to minimize cytoplasmic contamination. we separated hundreds of proteins, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ... | 2004 | 14652694 |
| purification and characterization of an n-acetylglucosaminidase produced by a trichoderma harzianum strain which controls crinipellis perniciosa. | isolate 1051 of trichoderma harzianum, a mycoparasitic fungus, was found to impair development of the phytopathogen, crinipellis perniciosa, in the field. this trichoderma strain growing in liquid medium containing chitin produced substantial amounts of chitinases. the n-acetylglucosaminidase present in the culture-supernatant was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, as demonstrated by sds-page analysis. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 36 kda a ... | 2004 | 14673545 |
| formation and regeneration of protoplasts in sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | different cultural conditions for forming and reverting protoplasts were systematically studied to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | 2004 | 14723686 |
| a putative high affinity hexose transporter, hxta, of aspergillus nidulans is induced in vegetative hyphae upon starvation and in ascogenous hyphae during cleistothecium formation. | fungi employ different carbohydrate uptake systems to adapt to certain environmental conditions and to different carbon source concentrations. the hydrolysis of polymeric carbohydrates and the subsequent uptake of monomeric forms may also play a role in development. aspergillus nidulans accumulates cell wall components during vegetative growth and degrades them during sexual development. we have identified the hxta (high affinity hexose transporter) gene in a differential library, which was enri ... | 2004 | 14732261 |
| increased antifungal and chitinase specific activities of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 by addition of a cellulose binding domain. | trichoderma harzianum is a widely distributed soil fungus that antagonizes numerous fungal phytopathogens. the antagonism of t. harzianum usually correlates with the production of antifungal activities including the secretion of fungal cell walls that degrade enzymes such as chitinases. chitinases chit42 and chit33 from t. harzianum cect 2413, which lack a chitin-binding domain, are considered to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of this strain against plant pathogens. by adding ... | 2004 | 14740190 |
| enhanced secretion of bacillus stearothermophilus l1 lipase in saccharomyces cerevisiae by translational fusion to cellulose-binding domain. | the secretion of bacillus stearothermophilus l1 lipase in saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by employing a fusion partner, a cellulose-binding domain (cbd) from trichoderma harzianum endoglucanase ii (theg). the cbd was connected to the n-terminal of l1 lipase through an endogenous linker peptide from theg. the expression cassette for the fusion protein in s. cerevisiae was constructed using the alpha-amylase signal peptide and the galactose-inducible gal10 promoter. secretion of cbd-lin ... | 2004 | 14740195 |
| trichoderma harzianum enhances the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improves biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica by pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato. | to determine the influence of soil-borne fungus trichoderma harzianum on the biocontrol performance of pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 and its 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) overproducing derivative cha0/pme3424 against meloidogyne javanica. | 2004 | 14746551 |
| production and characterization of hemicellulase activities from trichoderma harzianum strain t4. | xylan and mannan are the major constituent groups of hemicellulose in the cell wall of higher plants. the mesophilic fungus trichoderma harzianum strain t4 produces extracellular xylanase and mannanase activities when grown in the presence of oat (avena sativa)-spelt xylan and wheat bran as the carbon sources respectively. after the growth procedure, the crude extracts were submitted to ultrafiltration in an amicon system fitted with a 10 kda-cut-off membrane. mannanase activity was only detecte ... | 2004 | 14763904 |
| the north american mushroom competitor, trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum, produces antifungal compounds in mushroom compost that inhibit mycelial growth of the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | trichoderma harzianum is a ubiquitously distributed asexual soil fungus that produces a variety of antibiotic compounds. colonisation of soil inhabited by competing microbiota is facilitated by the antibiotic activity of these compounds. in addition, t. harzianum produces hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the cell wall components of many microorganisms, which can then be used as a source of nutrients. recently, biotypes of t. harzianum differing morphologically from those originally described by r ... | 2003 | 15000247 |
| an immunological approach to quantifying the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species during antagonistic interactions with rhizoctonia solani in a soil-less mix. | studies of the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species and their fungal hosts during antagonistic interactions are severely hampered by the absence of methods that allow the unambiguous identification and quantification of individual genera in complex environments such as soil or compost containing mixed populations of fungi. furthermore, methods are required that allow discrimination between active hyphal growth and other components of fungal biomass such as quiescent spores that ar ... | 2004 | 15008811 |
| phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. | control of diseases in the key tropical staple, cassava, is dependent on resistant genotypes, but the innate mechanisms are unknown. the aim was to study phenylpropanoids and associated enzymes as possible defence components. | 2004 | 15145789 |
| evaluation of trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of tomato sudden caused by pythium aphanidermatum following flooding in tropical hot season. | tomato sudden death is a major problem in tomato production in tropical lowland areas. the plant wilts and dies following artificial or natural flooding for 48-72 hrs in the summer season. occurrence of this disease is related to aggressiveness of pythium aphanidermatum on tomato at high soil temperature (>30 degrees c). several methods such as using biological control agents, fungicides and other cultural practices were applied in attempts to control tomato sudden death. three trichoderma harzi ... | 2003 | 15151279 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pb nag1, was cloned and characterized. the 2663-nucleotide sequence of the cdna consisted of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64.73 kda and an isoeletric point of 6.35. the predicted protein includes a putative 30-amino-acid signal peptide. the protein as a whole shares considerable sequence similarity with 'classic' nag. the primary sequence of pb ... | 2004 | 15283239 |
| biological effects of trichoderma harzianum peptaibols on mammalian cells. | trichoderma species isolated from water-damaged buildings were screened for toxicity by using boar sperm cells as indicator cells. the crude methanolic cell extract from trichoderma harzianum strain es39 inhibited the boar sperm cell motility at a low exposure concentration (50% effective concentration, 1 to 5 microg [dry weight] ml of extended boar semen(-1)). the same exposure concentration depleted the boar sperm cells of nadh(2). inspection of the exposed boar sperm cells by transmission ele ... | 2004 | 15294840 |
| behaviour of the hyphae of laccaria laccata in the presence of trichoderma harzianum in vitro. | the growth rate and the behaviour of laccaria laccata and trichoderma harzianum hyphae in co-culture and in the rhizosphere of 3-month-old pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro were investigated. in the interaction zone, hyphae of l. laccata became more pigmented and formed short branches growing towards the hyphae of the saprobic fungus, coiled around them and penetrated sporadically. vacuolated hyphae of t. harzianum showed protoplasm granulation and breaks in walls followed by release of ... | 2004 | 15322966 |
| development of selective media for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from soil and plant debris. | a new semi-selective medium, acidified weak potato-dextrose agar (awpda) with mertect (active ingredient: thiabendazole), was developed for the isolation and enumeration of alternaria species from samples of soil and plant debris. the medium was selected based on growth inhibition tests against alternaria and several other commonly encountered saprobic fungi utilizing three antifungal agents, botran (active ingredient: dichloran), bayleton (active ingredient: triadimefon), and mertect, and two b ... | 2004 | 15381969 |
| effect of treatment with trichoderma harzianum rifai formulated in invert emulsion on postharvest decay of apple blue mold. | conidia of trichoderma harzianum were formulated in invert emulsion (water-in-oil type) at a concentration of 6.0 x 10(7) conidia/ml of the formulation. treatments with conidia in the formulated emulsion and conidia in sterile distilled water were conducted to assess the effect on penicillium expansum link inoculated on apple fruits. comparisons were made with control treatments of an uninoculated emulsion and uninoculated distilled water. the t. harzianum-containing emulsion significantly (p <o ... | 2004 | 15454318 |
| evaluation of solid-state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge as a promising environmental-friendly disposal technique. | natural and environmental-friendly disposal of wastewater sludge is a great concern. recently, biological treatment has played prominent roles in bioremediation of complex hydrocarbon- rich contaminants. composting is quite an old biological-based process that is being practiced but it could not create a great impact in the minds of concerned researchers. the present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the solid-state bioconversion (ssb) processes in the biodegradation of wastewat ... | 2004 | 15491662 |
| [biological properties of l-lysine alpha-oxidase in native and conjugated form]. | the significant difference between biological properties of l-lysine-alpha-oxidase from trichoderma harzianum rifai (lo) and l-asparaginase from e. coli has been observed in vitro and in vivo. high antitumor activity was shown against 8 types of murine and rat transplanted tumors with a wide range of lo therapeutic doses: 35-350 u/mg. the lo conjugates with monoclonal antibodies cd5 specific to the surface of cell line yurkat were obtained without significant loss of either enzymatic and cytotox ... | 2004 | 15518184 |
| cloning of beauveria bassiana chitinase gene bbchit1 and its application to improve fungal strain virulence. | entomopathogenic fungi can produce a series of chitinases, some of which act synergistically with proteases to degrade insect cuticle. however, chitinase involvement in insect fungus pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. in this paper, an endochitinase, bbchit1, was purified to homogeneity from liquid cultures of beauveria bassiana grown in a medium containing colloidal chitin. bbchit1 had a molecular mass of about 33 kda and pi of 5.4. based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence, the c ... | 2005 | 15640210 |
| modelling the effect of ethanol on growth rate of food spoilage moulds. | the effect of ethanol (e) on the radial growth rate (mu) of food spoilage moulds (aspergillus candidus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, eurotium herbariorum, mucor circinelloides, mucor racemosus, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium at a(w) 0.99, 25 degrees c. in order to model this effect, the monod type equation described previousl ... | 2005 | 15698687 |
| the heterotrimeric g-protein subunits gng-1 and gnb-1 form a gbetagamma dimer required for normal female fertility, asexual development, and galpha protein levels in neurospora crassa. | we have identified a gene encoding a heterotrimeric g protein gamma subunit, gng-1, from the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. gng-1 possesses a gene structure similar to that of mammalian ggamma genes, consisting of three exons and two introns, with introns present in both the open reading frame and 5'-untranslated region. the gng-1 amino acid sequence displays high identity to predicted ggamma subunits from other filamentous fungi, including giberella zeae, cryphonectria parasitica, tricho ... | 2005 | 15701799 |
| enhancing biological control of basal stem rot disease (ganoderma boninense) in oil palm plantations. | basal stem rot (bsr) disease caused by ganoderma boninense is the most destructive disease in oil palm, especially in indonesia and malaysia. the available control measures for bsr disease such as cultural practices and mechanical and chemical treatment have not proved satisfactory due to the fact that ganoderma has various resting stages such as melanised mycelium, basidiospores and pseudosclerotia. alternative control measures to overcome the ganoderma problem are focused on the use of biologi ... | 2005 | 15750748 |
| biocontrol agents of botrytis cinerea tested in climate chambers by making artificial infection on tomato leafs. | to reduce the use of chemical agents, that are causing damage to the environment, in the fight against botrytis cinerea, different bca's were tested for their possibility to control botrytis cinerea in a biological way. in order to investigate the effectiveness of the different micro organisms and elot-vis, experiments were carried out in climate chambers with 5 weeks old tomato plants. leafs on the plant were inoculated with drops of a suspension that contained spores of botrytis cinerea. the p ... | 2004 | 15756850 |
| the use of wavelength-selective plastic cladding materials in horticulture: understanding of crop and fungal responses through the assessment of biological spectral weighting functions. | plant responses to light spectral quality can be exploited to deliver a range of agronomically desirable end points in protected crops. this can be achieved using plastics with specific spectral properties as crop covers. we have studied the responses of a range of crops to plastics that have either (a) increased transmission of uv compared with standard horticultural covers, (b) decreased transmission of uv or (c) increased the ratio of red (r) : far-red (fr) radiation. both the uv-transparent ... | 2005 | 15819600 |
| antifungal properties of surangin b, a coumarin from mammea longifolia. | the natural product electron transport inhibitor surangin b was examined for its ability to inhibit in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination in several species of fungi. as an inhibitor of mycelial growth, surangin b showed strongest activity against rhizoctonia solani (ic50 = 3.8 microm) and botrytis cinerea (ic50 = 11.2 microm). inhibitory effects were less pronounced in alternaria dauci, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium sp. (ic50 values > 30 microm) and absent in trichoderma harzianum ... | 2005 | 15856416 |
| tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of trichoderma spp. in relation to p uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | nine isolates of trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum pb that was used as the reference strain. all 9 trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. trichoderma viride (tv 97) (9.03 microg x ml(-1)), trichoderma virens (pdbctvs 12) (9.0 microg x ml(-1)), and trichoderma ... | 2005 | 15920619 |
| double blind placebo controlled exposure to molds: exposure system and clinical results. | the objective was to develop an experimental setup for human exposure to mold spores, and to study the clinical effect of this exposure in sensitive subjects who had previously experienced potentially building-related symptoms (brs) at work. from three water-damaged schools eight employees with a positive histamine release test to penicillium chrysogenum were exposed double- blinded to either placebo, approximately 600,000 spores/m3 air of p. chrysogenum or approximately 350,000 spores/m3 of tri ... | 2005 | 15926947 |
| post-transcriptional control of a glucoamylase gene from trichoderma harzianum under stress conditions. | we have examined the regulation of trichoderma harzianum glucoamylase gene (gla66) in response to different growth conditions. transcription of the gla66 gene is initiated from two different sites, yielding two transcripts of 2.1 kb and 2.6 kb respectively. the 2.1 kb mrna (st) encodes for an extracellular glucoamylase of 66 kda. this protein shows the domains conserved in other fungal glucoamylases: a signal peptide responsible for protein secretion and a catalytic domain, both joined by a link ... | 2005 | 15948964 |
| bgn16.3, a novel acidic beta-1,6-glucanase from mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma harzianum cect 2413. | a new component of the beta-1,6-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.75) multienzymatic complex secreted by trichoderma harzianum has been identified and fully characterized. the protein, namely bgn16.3, is the third isozyme displaying endo-beta-1,6-glucanase activity described up to now in t. harzianum cect 2413. bgn16.3 is an acidic beta-1,6-glucanase that is specifically induced by the presence of fungal cell walls in t. harzianum growth media. the protein was purified to electrophoretical homogenity using it ... | 2005 | 15982190 |
| [cloning and expression in yeasts of the class v chitinase cdna gene from trichoderma harzianum]. | to explore the integrated bio-control mechanism of trichoderma harzianum and acquire some bio-control associated novel genes, a trichoderma harzianum mycelium cdna library has been constructed and thereby randomly selected clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. full-length cdna, encoding class v chitinase (chiv), successfully cloned. the results indicated that the orf of chiv was 1194 bp, encoding 397 aa, deduced molecular weight 44 kd. the gene was ligated to the vector ... | 2005 | 15989271 |
| studies on the management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. | studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. all the treatments significantly improved ... | 2005 | 16052706 |
| in-vessel composting of household wastes. | the process of composting has been studied using five different types of reactors, each simulating a different condition for the formation of compost; one of which was designed as a dynamic complete-mix type household compost reactor. a lab-scale study was conducted first using the compost accelerators culture (trichoderma viridae, trichoderma harzianum, trichorus spirallis, aspergillus sp., paecilomyces fusisporus, chaetomium globosum) grown on jowar (sorghum vulgare) grains as the inoculum mix ... | 2006 | 16153815 |
| microbial synthesis of chitinase in solid cultures and its potential as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | antifungal activity of chitinase can be effectively utilized in biologic pest control strategies. because solid-state cultivation has been termed a cost-effective means for fungal growth and metabolite production, chitinase production by trichoderma harzianum was studied using wheat bran-based solid medium containing 1% colloidal chitin. chitinase synthesis was found to be growth associated because maximum enzyme (5.4 u/g of dry substrate) and biomass production occurred at 72 h. substrate moist ... | 2005 | 16186619 |
| fungal solid state culture of palm kernel cake. | palm kernel cake (pkc), an agro-industrial by-product used extensively in the animal feed industry, has limited use in fish feeds due to its high fiber and low protein contents. in this study, pkc was processed under solid state culture conditions with five fungal strains and the effect of this fungal culturing on the amino acid, fatty acid, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions was evaluated. fungal strains used were sclerotium rolfsii, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma longiobrachiatum, trich ... | 2006 | 16216731 |
| proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from trichoderma harzianum. identification of a fungal cell wall-induced aspartic protease. | trichoderma mycoparasitic activity depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. we have analysed the extracellular proteome secreted by t. harzianum cect 2413 in the presence of different fungal cell walls. significant differences were detected in 2de maps, depending on the use of specific cell walls or chitin. a combination of maldi-tof and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry allowed the identification of a novel aspartic protease (p ... | 2005 | 16226906 |
| purification and properties of extracellular chitinases from the parasitic fungus isaria japonica. | two chitinases (p-1 and p-2) induced with colloidal chitin were purified from the culture supernatant of isaria japonica by chromatography on deae bio-gel, chromatofocusing and gel filtration with superdex 75 pg. the enzymes were electrophoretically homogeneous and estimated to have a molecular mass of 43,273 (+/-5) for p-1 and 31,134 (+/-6) for p-2 by maldi-ms. the optimum ph and temperature was 3.5-4.0 and 50 degrees c for p-1 and 4.0-4.5 and 40 degrees c for p-2. p-1 acted against chitosan 7b ... | 2001 | 16233143 |
| in vitro studies on the potential for biological control of aspergillus flavus and fusarium moniliforme by trichoderma species. a study of the production of extracellular metabolites by trichoderma species. | culture filtrates of trichoderma viride and trichoderma harzianum were inhibitory of fusarium moniliforme and, to a lesser extent, aspergillus flavus. the degree of inhibition was, however, dependent on the carbon or nitrogen source incorporated into the medium. scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of abnormal fruiting structures on exposure to some trichoderma culture filtrate, while macroscopically, growth restriction and, in the case of a. flavus, altered colony colouration w ... | 1997 | 16284721 |
| self-fusion of protoplasts enhances chitinase production and biocontrol activity in trichoderma harzianum. | protoplasts were isolated from trichoderma harzianum strain pth18 using lysing enzymes and self-fusion of t. harzianum protoplasts was carried out using polyethylene glycol in stc buffer. the fused protoplasts of t. harzianum were regenerated and 15 self-fusants were selected to study the chitinase production and biocontrol activity. high chitinase activity was measured in the culture filtrates of most of the self-fusants (87%) than the parent. among the fusants, the strain sfth8 produced maximu ... | 2006 | 16330207 |
| method to enhance growth and sporulation of pelletized biocontrol fungi. | the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum, used to control soilborne plant pathogens, and beauveria bassiana, used to control insect pests, were formulated as mycelial biomass in alginate pellets with wheat bran added. after drying for 0, 4, or 16 h, pellets were placed in water or in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (peg) 8000 for 4 to 24 h and then allowed to continue drying. peg-treated pellets containing t. harzianum showed significantly greater proliferation of hyphae in soil than ... | 1991 | 16348562 |
| synthesis of enzymes connected with mycoparasitism by ectomycorrhizal fungi. | the production of enzymes involved in mycoparasitism by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi: amanita muscaria (16-3), laccaria laccata (9-12), l. laccata (9-1), suillus bovinus (15-4), s. bovinus (15-3), s. luteus (14-7) on different substrates such as colloidal chitin, mycelia of trichoderma harzianum, t. virens and mucor hiemalis was examined. chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases were assayed spectrophotometrically by measuring the amount of reducing sugars releasing from suitable substrate ... | 2006 | 16395555 |
| thptr2, a di/tri-peptide transporter gene from trichoderma harzianum. | the generation of a wide ests library and database from trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 was the base for identifying the gene thptr2, coding for a ptr family di/tri-peptide transporter. the deduced protein sequence of the thptr2 gene showed the conserved motifs and also the 12 transmembrane domains typical of the ptr transporters. the highest level of thptr2 expression was found when the fungus was grown in chitin as sole carbon source. we also found that thptr2 expression was increased when tri ... | 2006 | 16466953 |
| variability of non-mutualistic filamentous fungi associated with atta sexdens rubropilosa nests. | a survey of the filamentous fungi other than the symbiotic one found in association with atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies was carried out. different fungal species (27 taxa) were isolated a few days after treating the workers with toxic baits (sulfluramid; mirex-s), from 40 laboratory and 20 field nests. syncephalastrum racemosum (54%) and escovopsis weberi (21%), trichoderma harzianum (38%) and fusarium oxysporum (23%) were the prevalent species in laboratory and field nests, respectively. acr ... | 2005 | 16475502 |
| [biological preparations with different mechanism of action for protecting potato against fungal diseases]. | mycological analysis throughout the vegetation period of potato (solanum tuberosum) made it possible to study in detail the structure of micromycete community, to determine typical dominant (frequency, more than 60%), typical common (frequency, 30 to 60%), typical rare (frequency, 10 to 30%), and casual (frequency, less than 10%) species and to estimate changes in the microorganism community caused by plant protection preparations with different mechanisms of action. it was shown that, as a resu ... | 2006 | 16521583 |
| characterization and ultrastructural localization of chitinases from metarhizium anisopliae, m. flavoviride, and beauveria bassiana during fungal invasion of host (manduca sexta) cuticle. | extracellular chitinases have been suggested to be virulence factors in fungal entomopathogenicity. we employed isoelectric focusing and a set of three fluorescent substrates to investigate the numbers and types of chitinolytic enzymes produced by the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae, metarhizium flavoviride, and beauveria bassiana. each species produced a variety of n-acetyl-(beta)-d-glucosaminidases and endochitinases during growth in media containing insect cuticle. m. flavovirid ... | 1996 | 16535278 |
| improved 2-de of microorganisms after acidic extraction. | 2-de separations of protein extracts sometimes have problems with poor resolution and streaking. this problem is particularly apparent with microorganisms, most notably those with a large cell wall. here we describe a novel, rapid protocol for the extraction of microorganisms in acidic conditions, leading to increased resolution and 2-d gel quality. the efficiency of the protocol is demonstrated with extracts of bacteria, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis; fungus, trichoderma harzianum and ... | 2006 | 16609937 |
| [a study of the physicochemical and biological properties of mutanase from trichoderma harzianum]. | to determine the physicochemical properties of the mutanase of trichoderma harzianum isolated from china and to study the influence of mutanase on the adherence of oral streptococci and the structure of oral biofilms. | 2006 | 16620625 |
| biological protection of the main cereals against fungal specific diseases. | our field experiments showed that the use of czech biopreparations (supresivit, ibefungin and polyversum) based on the following microorganisms: trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilts and pythium oligandrum applied as the seed treatment, the spray on the plants and like the mixture with mineral fertilizers (npk, ammonium sulphate) lead namely after the seed-treatment and after the application as the mixture with mineral fertilizers to the increasing of the yield about 3-5 % (spring barley, win ... | 2005 | 16637172 |
| biotic relation between fusarium oxysporum schlecht. and fungi isolated from the substrate of stewartia pseudocamellia (max.). | the effect of the fungi community colonizing the substrate of stewartia plants on the growth of fusarium oxysporum schlecht. was investigated. the soil samples from 2 years old stewartia cuttings were taken for analysis in the second decade of october 2002 and 2003, when the symptoms of disease appeared on stewartia plant. fungi were isolated from the substrate using the sand method (mańka k. 1974). fusarium oxysporum were isolated from root system of stewartia pseudocamellia plant. the isolates ... | 2005 | 16637175 |
| effects of fungal interaction on ochratoxin a production by a. carbonarius at different temperatures and a(w). | ochratoxin a is a well-known mycotoxin produced by species of the genera penicillium and aspergillus. ota-producing species from a. section nigri are considered the source of ota detected in grapes, dried vine fruits and wines. other fungi present in grapes during their maturation can grow and interact with ota-producing aspergillus species and affect ota production. in this study seven fungi (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium d ... | 2006 | 16735071 |
| thhog1 controls the hyperosmotic stress response in trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum is a widespread mycoparasitic fungus, able to successfully colonize a wide range of substrates under different environmental conditions. transcript profiling revealed a subset of genes induced in t. harzianum under hyperosmotic shock. the hog1 gene, a homologue of the mapk hog1 gene that controls the hyperosmotic stress response in saccharomyces cerevisiae, was characterized. t. harzianum hog1 complemented the hog1delta mutation in s. cerevisiae, but showed different featur ... | 2006 | 16735732 |
| an antifungal peptide from passion fruit (passiflora edulis) seeds with similarities to 2s albumin proteins. | an actual worldwide problem consists of an expressive increase of economic losses and health problems caused by fungi. in order to solve this problem, several studies have been concentrating on the screening of novel plant defence peptides with antifungal activities. these peptides are commonly characterized by having low molecular masses and cationic charges. this present work reports on the purification and characterization of a novel plant peptide of 5.0 kda, pe-afp1, purified from the seeds ... | 2006 | 16766236 |
| major secondary metabolites produced by two commercial trichoderma strains active against different phytopathogens. | trichoderma harzianum strains t22 and t39 are two micro-organisms used as active agents in a variety of commercial biopesticides and biofertilizers and widely applied amongst field and greenhouse crops. the production, isolation, biological and chemical characterization of the main secondary metabolites produced by these strains are investigated. | 2006 | 16869896 |
| biochemical characterization of an extracellular polygalacturonase from trichoderma harzianum. | an extracellular polygalacturonase (pgii) from trichoderma harzianum was purified to homogeneity by two chromatography steps using deae-sepharose and sephacryl s-200. the molecular weight of t. harzianum pgii was 31,000 da by gel filtration and sds-page. pgii had isoelectric point of 4.5 and optimum ph of 5.0. pgii was very stable at the ph 5.0. the extent of hydrolysis of different pectins by enzyme was decreased with increasing of degree of esterification (de). pgii had very low activity towar ... | 2006 | 16872705 |
| transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing chitinases of fungal origin show enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress agents. | genes encoding defense-related proteins have been used to alter the resistance of plants to pathogens and other environmental challenges, but no single fungal gene overexpression has produced broad-spectrum stress resistance in transgenic lines. we have generated transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) lines that overexpress the endochitinases chit33 and chit42 from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma harzianum and have evaluated their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. both chit33 and chit ... | 2006 | 16891545 |
| susceptibility of the ant-cultivated fungus leucoagaricus gongylophorus (agaricales: basidiomycota) towards microfungi. | the aim of this study was to select virulent strains of microfungi against leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a symbiotic fungus cultivated by leaf-cutting ants. the results from in vitro assays showed that microfungal strains had a variable and significant impact on the colony development of l. gongylophorus. specifically, trichoderma harzianum, escovopsis weberi cbs 810.71 and e. weberi a088 were more effective, inhibiting the l. gongylophorus colonies by 75, 68 and 67%, respectively (p < 0.05) afte ... | 2006 | 16897590 |
| xyloglucanases in the interaction between saprobe fungi and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | we studied the production of xyloglucanase enzymes of pea and lettuce roots in the presence of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the am fungus glomus mosseae and the saprobe fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum-126, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium chrysogenum, pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus niger were used. g. mosseae increased the shoot and root dry weight of pea but not of lettuce. most of the saprobe fungi increased the level of mycorrhization of pea and lettuce ... | 2007 | 16904235 |
| studies on the interaction between grape-associated filamentous fungi on a synthetic medium. | eleven fungi isolated from grapes and sun-dried grapes (alternaria alternata, cladosporium herbarum, eurotium amstelodami, penicillium janthinellum, p. decumbens, trichoderma harzianum, candida sp., aspergillus carbonarius ota-negative, a. carbonarius ota-positive, a. niger var. niger. and a. japonicus var. aculeatus), were grown in snm medium at different water activities (0.82-0.97) and temperature (20-40 degrees c) levels for 18 days. pairs of one aspergillus faced with one non-aspergillus we ... | 2007 | 16996158 |
| heterologous expression and site-directed mutagenesis studies of two trichoderma harzianum chitinases, chit33 and chit42, in escherichia coli. | heterologous expression of two fungal chitinases, chit33 and chit42, from trichoderma harzianum was tested in the different compartments and on the surface of escherichia coli cells. our goal was to find a fast and efficient expression system for protein engineering and directed evolution studies of the two fungal enzymes. cytoplasmic overexpression resulted in both cases in inclusion body formation, where active enzyme could be recovered after refolding. periplasmic expression of chit33, and es ... | 2007 | 16997574 |
| inhibition of aflatoxin b production of aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products. | the inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, captan, leaf powder of withania somnifera, hyptis suaveolens, eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of citrus sinensis, citrus medica and punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger on aflatoxin b(1) production by toxigenic strain of aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. | 2006 | 17032218 |
| leaf hairs influence phytopathogenic fungus infection and confer an increased resistance when expressing a trichoderma alpha-1,3-glucanase. | the leaf surface of a very large number of plant species are covered by trichomes. non-glandular trichomes are specialized unicellular or multicellular structures that occur in many different plant species and function in xenobiotic detoxification and protecting the plant against pest attack. by analysing the susceptibility of trichome mutants, evidence is provided that indicates the influence of leaf trichomes on foliar fungal infections in arabidopsis thaliana, probably by facilitating the adh ... | 2006 | 17043085 |
| biological control of peach fungal pathogens by commercial products and indigenous yeasts. | the potential use of the commercial biocontrol products serenade (bacillus subtilis qst-713) and trichodex (trichoderma harzianum rifai strain t39) to inhibit the postharvest pathogenic molds penicillium crustosum and mucor circinelloides was investigated. both products exhibited antagonistic activity in vitro against the pathogens, reducing their growth at different levels. in addition, epiphytic yeasts isolated from peaches were identified as candida maltosa, pichia fermentans, and pichia kluy ... | 2006 | 17066929 |
| [extracellular proteinases of filamentous fungi as potential markers of phytopathogenesis]. | the presence of proteins in the culture liquid of filamentous fungi under study was found to induce the secretion of proteinases. the inhibitory analysis of the major extracellular proteinases of the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma harzianum and the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata showed that they both belong to the group of serine proteinases. the substrate specificity of these proteinases and their sensitivity to inhibitors suggest that the enzyme of t. harzianum is a subtilisin-li ... | 2006 | 17205798 |