| molecular cloning and immunological characterisation of potential allergens from the mould fusarium culmorum. | high quality and stability are essential requirements of commercial allergen preparations. recently we have demonstrated the very low stability of protein allergens in an extract of the ubiquitous mould fusarium culmorum. | 2003 | 12695122 |
| distribution of deoxynivalenol in barley kernels infected by fusarium. | deoxynivalenol (don) in concentration range 0.1-156.6 mg/kg, was found in 48 samples of barley kernels collected from heads with visible symptoms of head scab after inoculation in a field with fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. four fractions of the kernels were collected according to their size: > 2.8 mm (i); < or = 2.8-2.5 mm (ii); > 2.5-2.2 mm (iii) and < 2.2 mm (iv). in plants infected with fusarium (when compared to the control) number of kernels in the fraction of the largest kern ... | 1998 | 9631371 |
| 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase from fusarium culmorum. | we describe the properties of a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase (ec 3.1.4.16), found in fusarium culmorum, which hydrolyzes nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic monophosphates to nucleoside 3'-phosphates. in contrast with a similar enzyme found in bacteria, the fusarium enzyme does not exhibit nucleotidase activity and does not show a requirement for metal ions, but is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of cu++ and zn++, and is very stable to heat. this cyclic phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes th ... | 2000 | 10817902 |
| isolation and identification of n-mercapto-4-formylcarbostyril, an antibiotic produced by pseudomonas fluorescens. | pseudomonas fluorescens strain g308 isolated from barley leaves produces a novel antibiotic substance that was purified by preparative tlc and hplc and identified as n-mercapto-4-formylcarbostyril (cbs) by lc/dad, ir, lc-es(+)/ms, lc-es(-)/ms, gc-ei/ms, lc-hres(+)/ms, mass isotope ratios analysis, 1h nmr and 13c nmr analysis. the purified new antibiotic compound is effective against many phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. the compound inhibited at 25 ppm spore germination and germ tube growth of th ... | 2001 | 11738425 |
| effect of age of the mycelial mats of fusarium culmorum on their growth, respiration and nitrogen metabolism. | | 1960 | 14440938 |
| antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study. | in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ... | 2005 | 15889346 |
| immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction to ingestion of mycoprotein (quorn) in a patient allergic to molds caused by acidic ribosomal protein p2. | quorn is the brand name for a line of foods made with so-called "mycoprotein," which springs from the mold fusarium venenatum. since the introduction on the food market, there have been complaints from consumers reporting adverse gastrointestinal reactions after ingestion of mycoprotein. to date, it is not clear whether the reported symptoms are ige-mediated. | 2003 | 12743577 |
| studies on the mechanism of fungicidal action of crystal violet on mycelial felts of fusarium culmorum. | | 1963 | 14106080 |
| "protoplasts" from conidia of fusarium culmorum. | | 1964 | 14124869 |
| molecular mapping of qtls for fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat. ii. resistance to fungal penetration and spread. | fusarium head blight (fhb, scab) causes severe yield and quality losses, but the most serious concern is the mycotoxin contamination of cereal food and feed. the cultivation of resistant varieties may contribute to integrated control of this fungal disease. breeding for fhb resistance by conventional selection is feasible, but tedious and expensive. the aim of this work was to detect qtls for combined type i and type ii resistance against fhb and estimate their effects in comparison to the qtls ... | 2003 | 12768240 |
| morphological and biochemical modifications induced by a static magnetic field on fusarium culmorum. | the effects of the exposure to a static magnetic field (smf) of 0.3 +/- 0.03 t on the fusarium culmorum were investigated in vitro. smf inhibition of mycelia growth was accompanied by morphological and biochemical changes. fungal conidia germination and cell viability were also reduced. we provide evidence of the influence of smf on ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways involved in conidia germination. perturbation of these pathways by adding different compounds (i.e. cacl(2), phorbol 12 ... | 2003 | 14644551 |
| production of trichothecenes and other secondary metabolites by fusarium culmorum and fusarium equiseti on common laboratory media and a soil organic matter agar: an ecological interpretation. | fusarium culmorum and f. equiseti were characterized with regard to production of trichothecenes and other secondary metabolites. results following growth on laboratory media are interpreted with the aim of increasing the understanding of fungal metabolism in the field environment. while trichothecene production was detected for 94 of 102 f. culmorum isolates, only 8 of 57 f. equiseti isolates were positive. profiles of secondary metabolites were compared by following growth on yeast extract suc ... | 2002 | 12475276 |
| genetic determination of variability of barley doubled haploids inoculated with fusarium culmorum (w.g.sm.) sacc. with regard to mycotoxin accumulation and reduction in yield traits. | the genetic determination of variability of barley doubled haploid (dh) lines in regard of their susceptibility to fusarium head blight caused by fusarium culmorum was studied. the susceptibility was evaluated in 3-year field experiment on the basis of reduction in yield traits and myotoxin accumulation in infected kernels. the following traits were analysed in inoculated and control plants: kernel number and weight per ear, 1000-kernel weight, percentage of plump kernels (>2.5 mm), deoxynivalen ... | 2000 | 14564070 |
| [bacillus subtilis and phenotypically similar strains producing hexaene antibiotics]. | we studied metabolites synthesized by bacillus subtilis strains, including the type strain of b. atrophaeus and phenotypically similar cultures. these metabolites were presented by polyene antibiotics with conjugated double bonds. hexaenes from study strains inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi fusarium culmorum, f. sporotrichiella, f. oxysporum, botrytis sorokiniana, alternaria tenuis, and phytophtora infestans. the degree of growth inhibition depended on the test fungus. | 2005 | 16240655 |
| low-temperature isolation of disease-suppressive bacteria and characterization of a distinctive group of pseudomonads. | the influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by fusarium culmorum were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. the impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (dsi) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. the bacteria originated ... | 2003 | 14602601 |
| ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ... | 1990 | 15092225 |
| influence of environmental factors on the biosynthesis of type b trichothecenes by isolates of fusarium spp. from spanish crops. | various species of fusarium can produce trichothecene mycotoxins that contaminate food commodities and can represent a risk for human and animal health. in this paper, a full factorial design was applied to study the influence of incubation temperature, water activity (a(w)) and type of isolate on the production of deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-acdon) in corn kernel cultures by three isolates of fusarium graminearum and three isolates of fusarium culmorum fr ... | 2004 | 15172484 |
| fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter. | spectrophotometric determination of the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (fda) was shown to be a simple, sensitive, and rapid method for determining microbial activity in soil and litter. fda hydrolysis was studied in soil and straw incubated for up to 3 h. hydrolysis was found to increase linearly with soil addition. fda hydrolysis by pure cultures of fusarium culmorum increased linearly with mycelium addition both in shake cultures and after inoculation into sterile soil. fda hydrolysis by ... | 1982 | 16346026 |
| mycotoxigenic fusarium and deoxynivalenol production repress chitinase gene expression in the biocontrol agent trichoderma atroviride p1. | mycotoxin contamination associated with head blight of wheat and other grains caused by fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum is a chronic threat to crop, human, and animal health throughout the world. one of the most important toxins in terms of human exposure is deoxynivalenol (don) (formerly called vomitoxin), an inhibitor of protein synthesis with a broad spectrum of toxigenicity against animals. certain fusarium toxins have additional antimicrobial activity, and the phytotoxin fusaric acid h ... | 2003 | 12788701 |
| assessment of rapd markers for barley doubled haploid lines resistant and susceptible to fusarium culmorum at seedling and adult plant growth stages. | thirty doubled haploid (dh) lines of barley derived from f(1) of a cross between the six-rowed cultivar pomo and two-rowed cultivar maresi were examined for susceptibility to fusarium seedling blight (sb) and head blight (fhb), measured by mycotoxin (nivalenol) content of kernels. rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) polymorphism was analysed by using 53 decamer primers. amplification products (aps) were 200 bp up to 2000 bp in size on average 5.7 per primer and the total number of aps was 28 ... | 2003 | 12923309 |
| terpenoids in buddleja: relevance to chemosystematics, chemical ecology and biological activity. | the terpenoids reported from buddleja species are described. the antifungal activity of chloroform extracts of b. cordata and b. davidii stembark against the soil fungi fusarium culmorum and sordari fimicola is reported, with buddledin a shown to be the major compound responsible. the terpenoids present support the view that the buddlejaceae should be classified in a taxon with scrophulariaceae rather than loganiaceae. ecological aspects of the terpenoids are considered in relation to insects an ... | 2003 | 12943754 |
| competitive interactions between microdochium nivale var. majus, m. nivale var. nivale and fusarium culmorum in planta and in vitro. | microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale are economically important fungal pathogens of cereal seedlings, stem bases and ears, as is the toxigenic species fusarium culmorum. competition experiments on seedlings support an earlier report of differential host preference between the varieties of m. nivale on wheat and rye seedlings at 15 degrees c, but showed that it does not extend across a broad range of temperatures. the studies showed that, although interaction is disadvantageous to the l ... | 2004 | 14686944 |
| variation in culture of fusarium culmorum. | | 1954 | 13119742 |
| progression of mycotoxin and nutrient concentrations in wheat after inoculation with fusarium culmorum. | the objective of this study was to follow the mycotoxin formation and changes in nutrient composition of wheat (cv. ritmo) artificially inoculated with fusarium culmorum. from anthesis until harvest, samples were taken once a week from the inoculated and control plots. the investigations were focused on monitoring the progression of the contamination of the wheat kernels with deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zon). both the uncontaminated control kernels and the contaminated kernels were exa ... | 2004 | 15085962 |
| occurrence of fusarium culmorum (w.g.sm.) sacc. in the rhizosphere of oats. | | 1958 | 13566136 |
| anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of some herbal remedies from tanzania. | plants are not only important to the millions of people to whom traditional medicine serves as the only opportunity for health care and to those who use plants for various purposes in their daily lives, but also as a source of new pharmaceuticals. during interviews with the pare people from northeastern tanzania, 29 plants that are used for medicinal purposes as well as 41 plants used for non-medicinal purposes were reported. six medicinally used plants were selected for bioactivity analysis. ex ... | 2004 | 15619565 |
| scanning electron microscopy of fusarium damaged kernels of spring wheat. | kernels of five wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum) of different bread-making quality were examined. grown under field conditions, heads of wheat were inoculated in the flowering stage with an aqueous suspension of fusarium culmorum conidia. wheat heads were collected from the control and inoculated plots at full maturity. control (non-inoculated) kernels without any symptoms of disease and fusarium damaged kernels (fdk) were examined under scanning electron microscopy (sem). examination of the ... | 2005 | 15681039 |
| inhibition of fusarium culmorum by streptomyces albidoflavus. | | 1953 | 13111286 |
| the effect of adding clays to mixed cultures of streptomyces albidoflavus and fusarium culmorum. | | 1956 | 13319644 |
| an oligonucleotide microarray for the identification and differentiation of trichothecene producing and non-producing fusarium species occurring on cereal grain. | cereal grain may be infected with a number of fusarium species some of which are producers of highly toxic compounds such as the trichothecenes. correct identification of these species is essential for risk assessment of cereal grain for human or animal consumption. most of the available methods for identification are either time consuming or aimed at only one or a few target species. microarray technology offers parallel analysis of a high number of dna targets. in this study 57 capture oligonu ... | 2005 | 15823394 |
| two-dimensional environmental profiles of growth, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol production by fusarium culmorum on a wheat-based substrate. | to determine the effect of interacting conditions of water activity (aw, 0.99-0.85), temperature (15, 25 degrees c) and time (40 days) on growth and production of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv) by fusarium culmorum on a wheat-based agar medium. | 2003 | 12803560 |
| differentiation inside multicelled macroconidia of fusarium culmorum during early germination. | multicelled conidia are formed by many fungal species, but germination of these spores is scarcely studied. here, the germination and the effects of antimicrobials on multicompartment macroconidia of fusarium culmorum were investigated. germ-tube formation was mostly from apical compartments. the intracellular ph (ph(in)) of the different individual cells of the macroconidia was monitored during germination. the ph(in) varied among different compartments and during different stages of germinatio ... | 2005 | 15914044 |
| impact of fusarium culmorum on the polysaccharides of wheat flour. | to assess the effects of fusarium infection on the polysaccharides of winter wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.), grain samples obtained from plants artificially inoculated with fusarium culmorum were analyzed. microscopy revealed obvious damage to the starch granules in the seriously infected samples. the fusarium infection had no analytically detectable influence on the starch and total insoluble dietary fiber content of the wheat grain. there were significantly positive relationships between a ... | 2005 | 15998153 |
| resistance of cultivars and breeding lines of spring wheat to fusarium culmorum and powdery mildew. | twelve polish spring wheat cultivars and 18 spring wheat accessions from cimmyt, mexico, were examined for resistance to a highly pathogenic fusarium culmorum strain kf846 and powdery mildew in 5-year field experiments. resistant wheat cultivars (sumai 3 and frontana) served as controls. the mean percentage of fusarium-damaged kernels (% fdk) for 5 years was lower in cimmyt accessions (16.7%) than in polish spring cultivars (28.3%). in all polish spring cultivars, % fdk was higher than in the co ... | 2005 | 15741662 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents. | the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ... | 2006 | 16989308 |
| transformations of 4- and 17alpha-substituted testosterone analogues by fusarium culmorum. | a series of 4- and/or 17alpha-substituted testosterone analogues has been incubated with the hydroxylating fungus fusarium culmorum am282. it was found that 19-norandrostenedione, 19-nortestosterone, 4-methoxytestosterone, 4-methyltestosterone, and 4-chloro-17alpha-methyltestosterone were hydroxylated exclusively or mainly at the 6beta-position. the mixtures of 6beta-, 15alpha-, and 12beta- or 11alpha-monohydroxy derivatives were obtained from 17alpha-methyltestosterone and 17alpha-ethyl-19-nort ... | 2005 | 16023688 |
| pleiotropic effect of phenolic compounds content increases in transgenic flax plant. | the principal goal of this paper was to generate flax (linum usitatissimum l.) plants with increased antioxidant properties. to accomplish this a vector containing a multigene construct was prepared, and transgenic plants overexpressing essential flavonoid biosynthesis pathway enzymes were generated and analyzed. the simultaneous expression of genes encoding chalcone synthase (chs), chalcone isomerase (chi), and dihydroflavonol reductase (dfr) resulted in a significant increase of flax antioxida ... | 2005 | 15853420 |
| species-specific pcr-based assays for the detection of fusarium species and a comparison with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis. | species-specific pcr was used for the identification of nine fusarium species in pure mycelial culture. a pcr-based method was compared with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis for three toxin-producing fusarium species using 85 grain samples of wheat, barley, oat, corn and rye. a simple sds-based dna extraction system followed by potassium acetate precipitation resulted in consistent pcr amplification of dna fragments from cultures and grain samples. the species-specific ... | 2005 | 16099312 |
| pcr detection assays for the trichothecene-producing species fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae, fusarium equiseti and fusarium sporotrichioides. | contamination of small-grain cereals with the fungal species fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum, f. poae, f. sporotrichioides and f. equiseti is an important source of trichothecenes, zearalenone and other mycotoxins which cause serious diseases in human and animals. additionally, these species contribute to fusarium head blight, a disease which produces important losses in cereal yield. early detection and control of these fusarium species is crucial to prevent toxins entering the food chain and ... | 2005 | 16104354 |
| characterization of fusarium spp. isolates by pcr-rflp analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the rrna gene (rdna). | in the present study, 44 fusarium spp. isolates (5 fusarium culmorum, 7 fusarium graminearum, 1 fusarium cerealis, 1 fusarium poae, 26 fusarium oxysporum, and 4 gibberella fujikuroi species complex) were characterized morphologically, physiologically and genetically. all except one (dutch collection: cbs 620.72) were isolated from different hosts grown in various spanish localizations. morphological characterization was made according to macroscopic and microscopic aspects. physiological charact ... | 2006 | 16246443 |
| efficacy of plant extracts against stored-products fungi. | the fungistatic activity of six aqueous extracts of plants were tested against aspergillus candidus, aspergillus niger, penicillium sp. and fusarium culmorum. the plants were, chamomile (anthemis nobilis l.), cinnamon (cinnamomum verum j. presl.), french lavender (lavandula stoechas l.), garlic (allium sativum l.), malva (malva sylvestris l.) and peppermint (mentha piperita l.). the more concentrated extracts of chamomile and malva inhibited totally the growth of the tested fungi with malva the ... | 2006 | 17196025 |
| an attempt to protect winter wheat against fusarium culmorum by the use of rhizobacteria pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus mycoides. | inoculation of wheat seeds with two strains of pseudomonas fluorescens (iii107 and ii21) and two strains of bacillus mycoides (jc192 and k184) isolated from winter wheat roots, as well as with one strain of p fluorescens (id13) isolated from oat roots, reduced the negative influence of fusarium culmorum on winter wheat in a 28 day pot experiment. the bacterial strains (especially iii107 and chitinolytic jc 192) markedly increased the plant seedlings emergence and the plant biomass (the shoots we ... | 2004 | 15702917 |
| on the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone, and the pasture fungus fusarium culmorum. | | 1985 | 16031143 |
| occurrence of zearalenols (diastereomeric mixture) in corn stalk rot and their production by associated fusarium species. | zearalenol was extracted from fusarium-infected stems of corn from southern italy. the toxin, which appeared as a single compound in various thin-layer chromatography systems, was resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography into two components. a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry examination of a purified fraction confirmed the natural occurrence of zearalenol as a diastereomeric mixture and led to the identification of alpha (56 ng/g) and beta (27 ng/g) isomers. among nine fusarium speci ... | 1985 | 16346748 |
| contamination of malt barley and wheat by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum from the crop years 2001-2003 in eastern croatia. | this study investigated infection levels with fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum in malt barley and wheat in eastern croatia. the contamination was surveyed over three consecutive crop years (2001-2003) on five locations for barley and three wheat cultivating locations. f. graminearum loads reached levels of potentially serious threat for the commercial production of malting raw materials in both cereals (up to 29.1%). on the other hand, the mean percentage of kernels infected with f. cu ... | 2005 | 16255139 |
| assessment of trichothecene chemotypes of fusarium culmorum occurring in europe. | fusarium trichothecenes are a group of fungal toxic metabolites whose synthesis requires the action of gene products from three different genetic loci. we evaluated, both chemically and by pcr assays, 55 isolates of fusarium culmorum from eight european countries and different host plants for their ability to produce trichothecenes. specific sequences in the tri6-tri5 intergenic region were associated with deoxynivalenol production. sequences in the tri3 gene were also associated with deoxynival ... | 2005 | 16019800 |
| ecophysiology of fusarium culmorum and mycotoxin production. | | 2006 | 16408597 |
| [modification of the sunflower defensin sd2 gene sequence and its expression in bacterial and yeast cells]. | to achieve broader range of the defensin antimicrobial activity, based on the sd2 gene sequence, the modified gene, sd2mod, was constructed. hybrid genes, sd2-licbm2, licbm2-sd2, licbm2-sd2mod, and sd2mod-licbm2, in which the wild-type and modified gene sequences were fused in frame with the reporter gene encoding thermostable lichenase, were constructed. expression of the wild-type, modified, and hybrid genes was examined in the cells of pro- and eukaryotes. it was demonstrated that these genes ... | 2005 | 16358712 |
| stacking quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fusarium head blight resistance from non-adapted sources in an european elite spring wheat background and assessing their effects on deoxynivalenol (don) content and disease severity. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease in wheat that reduces grain yield, grain quality and contaminates the harvest with deoxynivalenol (don). as potent resistance sources sumai 3 and its descendants from china and frontana from brazil had been analysed by quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping. we introgressed and stacked two donor qtl from cm82036 (sumai 3/thornbird) located on chromosomes 3b and 5a and one donor qtl from frontana on chromosome 3a in elite european spring wheat an ... | 2006 | 16362277 |
| wheat pathogenesis-related proteins of class 4 have ribonuclease activity. | we have demonstrated that wheatwin1, a wheat pathogenesis-related protein of class 4 (pr4), has ribonuclease activity. both native and recombinant proteins hydrolyse rna from wheat coleoptils and have antifungal activity. sepharose-bound wheatwin1 is able to interact with either wheat or fusarium culmorum rna. 3d modelling studies showed that, like ribonucleases a and t1, the action mechanism should involve two his residues, an arg residue and an asp residue. | 2004 | 15388335 |
| detection of fusarium culmorum in wheat by a surface plasmon resonance-based dna sensor. | a surface plasmon resonance (spr) sensor based on dna hybridization has been developed for the detection of fusarium culmorum, a fungal pathogen of cereals. a 0.57 kbp dna fragment of f. culmorum was amplified by specific primers and a 25-mer oligonucleotide probe was selected within the sequence of the pcr amplicon. after biotinilation, the probe was immobilized on a streptavidin sensor chip and tested for biospecific interaction with pcr products of f. culmorum. the effect of denaturating agen ... | 2006 | 16563535 |
| fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts. | among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ... | 2007 | 17763036 |
| antimicrobial dialkylresorcinols from pseudomonas sp. ki19. | four dialkylresorcinols (1-4) were isolated from a liquid culture of pseudomonas sp. ki19. compounds 1 and 2, 2-butyl-5-propylresorcinol and 2-hexyl-5-methylresorcinol, respectively, have not previously been isolated from biological sources, whereas 3 and 4, 2-hexyl-5-propylresorcinol (db-2073) and 2-hexyl-5-pentylresorcinol (resorstatin), both have been found in biological systems. the compounds inhibited staphyllococcus aureus at concentrations < or = 10 microg/ml as well as the fungi aspergil ... | 2006 | 16643045 |
| simultaneous detection of fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum in plant material by duplex pcr with melting curve analysis. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a disease of cereal crops, which has a severe impact on wheat and barley production worldwide. apart from reducing the yield and impairing grain quality, fhb leads to contamination of grain with toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins), which pose a health risk to humans and livestock. the fusarium species primarily involved in fhb are f. graminearum and f. culmorum. a key prerequisite for a reduction in the incidence of fhb is an understanding of its epidemiology. | 2006 | 16430784 |
| development of a highly sensitive nested-pcr method using a single closed tube for detection of fusarium culmorum in cereal samples. | the aim of the study was to develop a sensitive detection method of fusarium culmorum contamination in cereal samples. | 2006 | 16620217 |
| toxic micromycetes in grain raw material during its processing. | in 2003-2005 micromycetes were isolated and identified from wheat, barley, rye, buckwheat grain brought into mills or from processing enterprises. contamination of the produced flour with micromycete propagules (cfu g(-1)), changes in micromycete diversity and abundance in the course of flour storage, preparation and baking of bread, production of groats or other food products and fodder were determined. most attention was given to widely distributed micromycetes, known producers of toxins: alte ... | 2006 | 16841886 |
| [extracellular proteinases from the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium culmorum]. | the growth of fusarium culmorum fungus on a medium containing thermostable proteins from potato tubers was accompanied by the production of proteinases, exhibiting activity over a broad ph range (from 6.0-10.0). when studied by sds-page in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, extracellular proteinases were represented by at least five species with a molecular weight of 30-60 kda. inhibitor analysis and studies of enzyme activities with synthetic substrates demonstrated that the culture liquid o ... | 2006 | 16878552 |
| use of a complexation of tebuconazole with beta-cyclodextrin for controlling foot and crown rot of durum wheat incited by fusarium culmorum. | the methodology for the inclusion of tebuconazole (tbc) in beta-cyclodextrin (betacd), spectroscopic characterization of the inclusion complex, and its activity for the control of a major soilborne disease of wheat caused by fusarium culmorum are reported. controlled release measured by chemical shift of the diagnostic protons h(3) and h(5) of betacd confirmed stability of the complex at the solid state and in aqueous solution. greenhouse and field experiments were conducted on durum wheat (trit ... | 2006 | 16417308 |
| nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nps) genes in fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. pseudograminearium and identification of nps2 as the producer of ferricrocin. | fungi have the potential to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites including polyketides and small peptides produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nps). fusarium graminearum is a mycotoxin producing pathogen of cereals and knowledge of the infection process is essential for the development of disease control. bioinformatics provide a means to identify genes encoding npss, the products of which may act as fungal virulence factors. the f. graminearum genome sequence was analysed and ... | 2007 | 17043871 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: the crystalline colouring matters of fusarium culmorum (w. g. smith) sacc. and related forms. | | 1937 | 16746350 |
| low-abundance kutznerides from kutzneria sp. 744. | five new (5-9) and four known (1-4) kutznerides were isolated from the actinomycete kutzneria sp. 744. compounds 1-9 all consisted of a cyclohexadepsipeptide core with the general structure 2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-d-glycine-(2s,3ar,8as)-6,7-dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid-3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid-o-methyl-l-serine-l-piperazic acid-(s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid. compounds 5, 6, and 8 contained erythro-3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid, whereas 7 ... | 2006 | 17190458 |
| new flavonoids from boldoa purpurascens cav. | phytochemical analysis of the leaves of boldoa purpurascens cav. led to isolation of four flavone glycosides, three of which are new compounds. their structures have been determined by mass spectrometry and by 1 d and 2 d nmr analysis, i. e., 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-alpha- l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- d-xylopyranoside ( 1), 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-beta- d-xylopyranoside ( 2), and 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-alpha- l-rhamnopyrano ... | 2008 | 18704880 |
| [biological properties of the wild rhizosphere strain pseudomonas fluorescens 2137 and its derivatives marked with the gusa gene]. | the natural wild rhizosphere strain p. fluorescens 2137 was marked with the beta-glucuronidase gene gusa. the introduction of this gene influenced the viability of the wild strain, as well as its certain physiological parameters, such as cultural characteristics, biochemical properties, and antagonistic activity against the phytopathogenic fungi fusarium culmorum, f. oxysporum, f. graminearum, and verticillum nigrescens. the gusa-marked derivative strains that deviate the least from the wild str ... | 2006 | 17091592 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase show resistance to the fusarium phytotoxin deoxynivalenol. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease of small grain cereal crops caused by the necrotrophic pathogen fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. these fungi produce the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) and its derivatives, which enhance the disease development during their interactions with host plants. for the self-protection, the trichothecene producer fusarium species have tri101 encoding trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase. although transgenic expression of tri101 ... | 2007 | 17031651 |
| transformations of steroid esters by fusarium culmorum. | the course of transformations of the pharmacological steroids: testosterone propionate, 4-chlorotestosterone acetate, 17beta-estradiol diacetate and their parent alcohols in fusarium culmorum am282 culture was compared. the results show that this microorganism is capable of regioselective hydrolysis of ester bonds. only 4-ene-3-oxo steroid esters were hydrolyzed at c-17. 17beta-estradiol diacetate underwent regioselective hydrolysis at c-3 and as a result, estrone--the main metabolite of estradi ... | 2006 | 17294691 |
| dispersal of spores of fusarium culmorum in aquatic systems. | abstract the dispersal of spores of fusarium culmorum, a biological control agent for the aquatic weed hydrilla verticillata, was investigated in aquatic systems. macroconidia and chlamydospores that were applied to the surface of the liquid settled rapidly in deionized water, tap water, 5% hoagland's solution, natural spring water, or river water held in glass containers. the rate of fall, as measured for 50% of the spores, was determined to be 9 cm h(-1). rapid lateral dispersal of spores from ... | 1998 | 18944915 |
| kinetics of the inhibition of fusarium serine proteinases by barley (hordeum vulgare l.) inhibitors. | fungal infections of barley and wheat cause devastating losses of these food crops. the endogenous proteinase inhibitors produced by plant seeds probably defend the plants from pathogens by inhibiting the degradation of their proteins by the pathogen proteases. we have studied the interactions of barley grain inhibitors with the subtilisin-like and trypsinlike proteinases of fusarium culmorum. the inhibition kinetics of three inhibitor proteins, chymotrypsin/subtilisin inhibitor 2 (ci-2), barley ... | 2007 | 17341093 |
| improving retting of fibre through genetic modification of flax to express pectinases. | flax (linum usitatissimum l.) is a raw material used for important industrial products. linen has very high quality textile properties, such as its strength, water absorption, comfort and feel. however, it occupies less than 1% of the total textile market. the major reason for this is the long and difficult retting process by which linen fibres are obtained. in retting, bast fibre bundles are separated from the core, the epidermis and the cuticle. this is accomplished by the cleavage of pectins ... | 2008 | 17372706 |
| comparison of the usability of different spectral ranges within the near ultraviolet, visible and near infrared ranges (uv-vis-nir) region for the determination of the content of scab-damaged component in blended samples of ground wheat. | soft wheat grain samples of the same variety were obtained from a plot where the crop grew under natural conditions (control material) and from a plot where the crop was inoculated with fusarium culmorum. the grain was ground and sieved with the finest fraction (a particle size less than 0.18 mm) of both materials being used for the preparation of samples in which the content of damaged constituent varied from zero to approximately 84%. diffuse reflectance spectra of the absorbance from the blen ... | 2006 | 17071523 |
| effects on perceived air quality and symptoms of exposure to microbially produced metabolites and compounds emitted from damp building materials. | this work investigated perceived air quality and health effects from exposure to low to high levels of volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from damp building materials and a mixture of molds growing on the materials. a mixture of wallemia sebi, fusarium culmorum, penicillium chrysogenum, ulocladium botrytis, and aspergillus versicolor was inoculated on pine wood and particle board. in study 1, each of 27 participants took part in two exposure conditions, one with air from molds growing on ... | 2009 | 19077173 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of the tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil and its major components against plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to examine the effect of melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tto) and its principal components on four cereal-pathogenic fungi. | 2007 | 17576222 |
| influence of a fusarium culmorum inoculation of wheat on the progression of mycotoxin accumulation, ingredient concentrations and ruminal in sacco dry matter degradation of wheat residues. | the fusarium head blight (fhb)-susceptible winter wheat cv. ritmo was inoculated with spores of fusarium culmorum at the beginning of full blossom. samples of whole wheat plants were taken once weekly from anthesis until harvest and subsequently fractionated into straw, glumes and spindles, which were examined for deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zon). additionally, the content of crude protein (cp) and non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) was scrutinized. synthesis of the fusarium toxins don a ... | 2006 | 16649577 |
| mycotoxin contamination of food in europe: early detection and prevention strategies. | this paper reviews the early detection and prevention strategies which have been employed in europe for the control of mycotoxin contamination of food in the context of a hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) framework. the critical control points (ccps) in the whole food chain where mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and ochratoxins are important have been identified. ecological studies on the effect of environmental factors which are marginal for growth and mycotoxin production have be ... | 2006 | 16944291 |
| colony morphology mutants of trichoderma harzianum with increased beta-1,4-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase production. | a total of 36 uv-induced mutants with altered colony morphology were isolated from strain trichoderma harzianum t334, a potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi with the ability to produce constitutively low levels of chitinases. the level of constitutive beta-1,4-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase production in standing and shaken cultures under non-inductive conditions was tested in mutants and compared to that of the parental strain. about 30% of the mutants showed significantly increa ... | 2007 | 17523389 |
| the mycoestrogen zearalenone induces cyp3a through activation of the pregnane x receptor. | zearalenone is a mycoestrogen that is produced in the fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium equiseti, and fusarium crookwellense. these fungi commonly exist in agricultural products. human pregnane x receptor (hpxr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, including several clinically important cytochrome p450s. in this report, we show that zearalenone is an efficacious ligand for hpxr. we also descr ... | 2006 | 16547076 |
| toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn silage. | to investigate the exposure of livestock and farm workers to mycotoxins during the last months of silage use, the mycoflora and the mycotoxins in a mature silage (11-months-old) were studied. a multimycotoxin method was developed to evaluate the toxigenic in vitro ability of fungal strains. the screening of potentially toxigenic fungi isolated from the mature silage showed that six fusaria (fusarium culmorum, fusarium equiseti, fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani and fusari ... | 2007 | 17655998 |
| biotransformation of citrus aromatics nootkatone and valencene by microorganisms. | biotransformations of the sesquiterpene ketone nootkatone from the crude drug alpiniae fructus and grapefruit oil, and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon valencene from valencia orange oil were carried out with microorganisms such as aspergillus niger, botryosphaeria dothidea, and fusarium culmorum to afford structurally interesting metabolites. their stereostructures were established by a combination of high-resolution nmr spectral and x-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical reaction. metabolic ... | 2005 | 16272725 |
| effects of some benzoxazinoids on in vitro growth of cephalosporium gramineum and other fungi pathogenic to cereals and on cephalosporium stripe of winter wheat. | the benzoxazolinones benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) and 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (mboa) and selected degradation products of these compounds were examined for their in vitro antifungal activity against cephalosporium gramineum, gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis, and fusarium culmorum. boa was also applied to the soil-incorporated inoculum of c. gramineum to test its capability of reducing cephalosporium stripe disease in winter wheat. mboa reduced the mycelial growth of g. graminis var. ... | 2006 | 16478214 |
| quantitative fusarium spp. and microdochium spp. pcr assays to evaluate seed treatments for the control of fusarium seedling blight of wheat. | to develop sensitive quantitative pcr assays for the two groups of pathogens responsible for fusarium seedling blight in wheat: fusarium group (fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum) and microdochium group (microdochium nivale and microdochium majus); and to use the assays to assess performance of fungicide seed treatments against each group. | 2007 | 17578430 |
| diversity responses of rumen microbial communities to fusarium-contaminated feed, evaluated with rumen simulating technology. | the mycotoxin-producing fungus fusarium culmorum causes major feed spoilages in agricultural livestock, but effects of f. culmorum-contaminated feed on the structural diversity of the rumen-inhabiting microbial community are not understood. avoiding animal experiments, this study was conducted with the rumen simulating technique (rusitec). small subunit (ssu) rrna gene copy numbers of bacteria and archaea, determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indicated no differences betwe ... | 2008 | 18177368 |
| expression analysis of defense-related genes in wheat in response to infection by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungi fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, is a worldwide disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the chinese cultivar ning 7840 is one of a few wheat cultivars with resistance to fhb. genecalling, an open-architecture mrna-profiling technology, was used to identify differentially expressed genes induced or suppressed in spikes of ning 7840 after infection by f. graminearum. one hundred and twenty-five cdna fragments representing transcripts diff ... | 2007 | 18059549 |
| [development and relations of fusarium culmorum and pseudomonas fluorescens in soil]. | the development of fusarium culmorum and pseudomonas fluorescens in soil, and the relations between them, were studied using membrane filters containing the fungus, the bacterium, or both microorganisms; the filters were incubated in soil. f. culmorum was identified by indirect immunofluorescence: the gus-labeled strain was used to visualize p. fluorescens. it was found that f. culmorum introduced in soil can develop as a saprotroph, with the formation of mycelium, macroconidia, and a small amou ... | 2007 | 18069329 |
| the use of sourdough fermented by antifungal lab to reduce the amount of calcium propionate in bread. | addition of sourdough is a common practice in the bakery industry to improve, among other quality parameters, the shelf life of bread. in this study, sourdough fermented by antifungal lactobacillus plantarum strains was investigated for the ability to inhibit growth of common bread spoilage fungi. in both in vitro and sourdough wheat bread system, the antifungal sourdoughs significantly affected the outgrowth of aspergillus niger, fusarium culmorum, or penicillium expansum spores, however on whe ... | 2008 | 18541323 |
| three endochitinase-encoding genes identified in the biocontrol fungus clonostachys rosea are differentially expressed. | three endochitinase-encoding genes, cr-ech58, cr-ech42 and cr-ech37 were identified and characterised from the mycoparasitic c. rosea strain ik726. the endochitinase activity was specifically induced in media containing chitin or fusarium culmorum cell walls as sole carbon sources. rt-pcr analysis showed that the three genes were differentially expressed. the expression of the cr-ech42 and cr-ech37 genes was triggered by f. culmorum cell walls and chitin whereas glucose repressed their expressio ... | 2008 | 18574585 |
| [effect of proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors from potato tubers on the growth and development of phytopathogenic microorganisms]. | we studied the effect of two proteins, pspi-21 and pksi, on the growth and development of phytopathogenic microorganisms (phytophthora infestans oomycete and fusarium culmorum fungus). both proteins were isolated from potato tubers (solanum tuberosum l., cv. istrinskii) and served as inhibitors of serine proteinases. these proteins differed in the ability to inhibit growth of phytophthora infestans oomycete and fusarium culmorum fungus. pspi-21 was the most potent in modulating the growth of oom ... | 2008 | 18491605 |
| stress induction of mycotoxin biosynthesis genes by abiotic factors. | systematic expression analysis of mycotoxin biosynthesis genes by real-time pcr and microarray was carried out to examine the relationship between growth and general expression patterns in relation to single environmental factors such as temperature, water activity (a(w)) and ph and water activity x temperature interactions. for single parameters, one major peak of expression occurred close to optimum growth conditions. however, a second minor peak was observed under suboptimal growth conditions ... | 2008 | 18510557 |
| marker-based introduction of three quantitative-trait loci conferring resistance to fusarium head blight into an independent elite winter wheat breeding population. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most important wheat diseases that causes yield and quality losses as well as contamination with deoxynivalenol (don). this study aimed for marker-based introduction of three previously mapped qtls from two german winter wheat resistance sources into an elite background unrelated to the mapping population. a double cross (dc) served as initial population that combined two resistance donor-qtl alleles from "dream" (qfhs.lfl-6al, qfhs.lfl-7bs) and one donor ... | 2008 | 18379754 |
| biological control of late blight (phytophthora infestans (mont.) de bary) in tomatoes with mycoextracts from fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. | following a screening completed over several species of fungus for establishing the efficiency of the extracts produced from them, against agent causing the late blight--phytophthora infestans--two species of fungus were selected--fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum--in order to employ them and their strains with different virulence in the pathosystem fungi/lycopersicumm esculentum. the utilized extracts are based on ethanol and obtained from mycelium and culture filtrate. extract was app ... | 2008 | 19226762 |
| antifungal activity toward fusarium culmorum in soluble wheat extracts. | abstract this study investigated antifungal activity in soluble extracts from seed of a range of wheat cultivars differing in susceptibility to fusarium head blight. antifungal activity was assessed in terms of beta-d-glucuronidase (gus) activity of a fusarium culmorum gus transformant using a sensitive laboratory assay. significant antifungal activity was detected in seed extracts from wek0609, cm 820036, and arina. initial characterization of the arina seed extract indicated that it contained ... | 2000 | 18944547 |
| deoxynivalenol and nivalenol production by fusarium culmorum isolates differing in aggressiveness toward winter rye. | abstract a susceptible synthetic winter rye population was inoculated with 42 isolates of fusarium culmorum, originating from nine european countries and australia, at two field locations in germany. significant (p = 0.01) genetic variation in aggressiveness of isolates of f. culmorum was observed across both field locations. field samples were used to determine deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv), and ergosterol (erg) contents. the 42 isolates also were incubated on rye grain in vitro, and do ... | 1998 | 18944863 |
| [photodamage to spores of fusarium fungi, sensitized by protoporphyrin ix]. | the influence of photodynamic action with protoporphyrin ix as a sensitizer on the state of the components of hydrated spores of fusarium fungi and germination of conidia in growth medium was investigated. it was shown, that protoporphyrin ix in micromole concentrations sensitizes the photooxidation of proteins and lipids from hydrated spores of fusarium poae and fusarium culmorum under illumination of their suspensions in doses of 50 - 200 kj/m2. it was found that the photosensitized oxidation ... | 2008 | 18954007 |
| distribution of trichothecenes, zearalenone, and ergosterol in a fractionated wheat harvest lot. | to investigate possible co-occurrences of type b trichothecenes and zearalenone within a fusarium culmorum-infected wheat harvest lot, kernels were fractionated into six groups by visual criteria. the fusarium-damaged kernels were subdivided into white, shrunken, and red kernel groups, and the remaining kernels were sorted into healthy, black spotted, and nonspecific groups. the distribution patterns of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and ergosterol were determined for possible correlati ... | 2008 | 18642928 |
| npr1 and eds11 contribute to host resistance against fusarium culmorum in arabidopsis buds and flowers. | the cereal ear blight fungal pathogen fusarium culmorum can infect arabidopsis floral tissue, causing disease symptoms and mycotoxin production. here we assessed the effect of seven mutants and one transgenic overexpression line, residing in either the salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja) or ethylene (et) defence signalling pathways, on the outcome of the fusarium-arabidopsis floral interaction. the bacterial susceptiblity mutant eds11 was also assessed. flowering plants were spray inoculated ... | 2008 | 19018998 |
| lack of the plant signalling component sgt1b enhances disease resistance to fusarium culmorum in arabidopsis buds and flowers. | fusarium culmorum causes ear blight disease on cereal crops resulting in considerable losses to grain yield, quality and safety. this fungus can also infect arabidopsis floral tissues. in this study, the arabidopsis floral infection model was used to assess the impact of five defence mutants on disease.fusarium culmorum was spray inoculated onto the floral tissues of the mutantseds1, lms1, rar1, sgt1a and sgt1b involved in basal and resistance gene-mediated defence to pathogens. floral disease d ... | 2009 | 19140951 |
| fusarium response to oxidative stress by h2o2 is trichothecene chemotype-dependent. | the present study aims at clarifying the impact of oxidative stress on type b trichothecene production. the responses to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) of an array of fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum strains were compared, both species carrying either the chemotype deoxynivalenol (don) or nivalenol (niv). in both cases, levels of in vitro toxin production are greatly influenced by the oxidative parameters of the medium. a 0.5 mm h(2)o(2) stress induces a two- to 50-fold enhancement of do ... | 2009 | 19239497 |
| on the interactions between fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat and nonstarch polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes in diets of broilers on performance, intestinal viscosity, and carryover of deoxynivalenol. | wheat was inoculated with fusarium culmorum. broiler diets were formulated to contain this fusarium-infected wheat (fiw) or control wheat (cw) at a proportion of 60% and were prepared without and with an exogenous nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) hydrolyzing enzyme preparation [endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) 1,000 fxu/g; zy68, lohmann animal health gmbh & co. kg, cuxhaven, germany] to test the hypothesis that fusarium infection-related increases in nsp hydrolyzing enzyme activities could comp ... | 2007 | 17234842 |
| in vitro suppression of fungi caused by combinations of apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria. | we hypothesized that apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria may contribute to suppression of fungi during competitive interactions with other bacteria. four soil bacteria (brevundimonas sp., luteibacter sp., pedobacter sp. and pseudomonas sp.) that exhibited little or no visible antifungal activity on different agar media were prescribed. single and mixed strains of these species were tested for antagonism on a nutrient-poor agar medium against the plant pathogenic fungi fusarium culmorum and ... | 2007 | 17233750 |
| molds and mycotoxin content of cereals in southeastern romania. | fungal species and toxin contamination were determined in 110 cereal samples (54 maize, 35 wheat, and 21 barley) collected in the southeastern part of romania from 2002 to 2004. the most frequent fungal contaminants belonged to aspergillus and fusarium, and maize was the most contaminated cereal. the main toxigenic species identified were aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, fusarium graminearum, and fusarium culmorum in all cereals and fusarium verticillioides in maize. the presence of af ... | 2009 | 19343960 |
| levels of fungi and mycotoxins in the samples of grain and grain dust collected from five various cereal crops in eastern poland. | during combine harvesting of 5 various cereal crops (rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn) 24 samples of grain and 24 samples of settled grain dust were collected on farms located in the lublin province of eastern poland. the samples were examined for the concentration of total microfungi, fusarium species, deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv), and ochratoxin a (ota). microfungi able to grow on malt agar were present in 79.2% of grain samples and in 91.7% of grain dust samples in the concentratio ... | 2007 | 17655194 |
| content of trichodiene and analysis of fungal volatiles (electronic nose) in wheat and triticale grain naturally infected and inoculated with fusarium culmorum. | four groups of cereal kernels were analyzed in terms of their volatile metabolite contents using gc/ms and the electronic nose. analyses were conducted on 36 triticale breeding lines and 22 wheat breeding lines. grain came from field samples inoculated with fusarium culmorum and simultaneous non-inoculated samples-controls. all sample groups contained significantly varied levels of trichodiene (trich), a precursor for the formation of fusarium metabolites, with approx. two times higher concentra ... | 2008 | 18585811 |