| a microarray for monitoring the production of mycotoxins in food. | a microarray, which covers most of the known relevant mycotoxin biosynthesis genes, has been developed. the microarray carries oligonucleotides of the fumonisin, the aflatoxin, the ochratoxin, the trichothecene (type a and b) and the patulin biosynthesis pathways. for trichothecene producing fusaria the biosynthesis cluster of trichothecene producing fusarium sporotrichioides (type a) and of gibberrella zeae (type b, teleomorph of f. graminearum) have been spotted. the aflatoxin cluster carries ... | 2007 | 17512074 |
| effects of acivicin on growth, mycotoxin production and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. | acivicin is an inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamine amidotransferase. when grown on a synthetic minimal agar medium, acivicin strongly inhibited the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and alternaria brassicicola, and to a lesser extent, botrytis cinerea. however, only partial or marginal growth inhibition was observed with regard to fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. the growth retardation caused by acivicin was significantly alleviated by cultivating the fungus on a n ... | 2014 | 24863673 |
| incidence and distribution of fusarium species associated with feeds and seeds from spain. | samples of seeds and feeds (corn-based and mixed) were collected during surveys in 1991-92 and 1992-93 from two regions of spain, one in northern spain where the annual rainfall is over 900 mm, and the other in southeastern spain where the annual rainfall is about 400 mm. the level of fusarium contamination was determined in the 657 samples analysed, and results were analysed statistically to assess the effects of type of sample and meteorological conditions on fusarium proliferation. the predom ... | 1998 | 17655403 |
| structural and mechanistic analysis of trichodiene synthase using site-directed mutagenesis: probing the catalytic function of tyrosine-295 and the asparagine-225/serine-229/glutamate-233-mg2+b motif. | trichodiene synthase from fusarium sporotrichioides contains two metal ion-binding motifs required for the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate: the "aspartate-rich" motif d(100)dxx(d/e) that coordinates to mg2+a and mg2+c, and the "nse/dte" motif n(225)dxxsxxxe that chelates mg2+b (boldface indicates metal ion ligands). here, we report steady-state kinetic parameters, product array analyses, and x-ray crystal structures of trichodiene synthase mutants in which the fungal nse motif is progressive ... | 2008 | 17996718 |
| use of headspace spme-gc-ms for the analysis of the volatiles produced by indoor molds grown on different substrates. | an automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by gc-ms analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. in addition, four other common molds were studied. in general, mvoc production was the highest on malt extract agar. on this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-m ... | 2008 | 18843388 |
| effects of xanthotoxin treatment on trichothecene production in fusarium sporotrichioides. | there are 4 p450 oxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of t-2 toxin in fusarium sporotrichioides. exactly how these enzymes react to antimicrobial plant defense compounds is unknown. xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) is a phototoxic furanocoumarin that acts as a p450 oxygenase inhibitor. the current study shows that the addition of concentrations of 1.0 mmol/l or less of xanthotoxin to liquid cultures of f. sporotrichioides nrrl3299 can effectively block t-2 toxin production and cause an increas ... | 2008 | 19096457 |
| fungal diversity in composting process of pig manure and mushroom cultural waste based on partial sequence of large subunit rrna. | fungal diversity during composting was investigated by culture-independent rdna sequence analysis. composting was carried out with pig manure and mushroom cultural waste using a field-scale composter (hazaka system), and samples were collected at various stages. based on partial sequence analysis of large subunit (lsu) ribosomal rna (rrna) and sequence identity values, a total of 12 different fungal species were found at six sampling sites; geotrichum sp., debaryomyces hansenii, monographella ni ... | 2009 | 19734710 |
| glucose influence on the production of t-2 toxin by fusarium sporotrichioides. | toxigenic isolate of fusarium sporotrichioides was tested for the t-2 toxin production on pda plates during 10 days under various glucose concentrations. t-2 toxin was determined by lc-ms and confirmed with lc-ms/ms. this analytical method has been applied, for the first time, to an extensive study of t-2 accumulation. results showed that the production of this mycotoxin is directly correlated to the concentration of glucose present in the medium. concentrations of t-2 toxin produced by the stra ... | 2010 | 20080119 |
| antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins a, a(1), b, b(1). | to produce enniatin (ens), fusarium tricinctum cect 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (pdb), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. the purity of the ens fractions was verified by analytical hplc and lc/ms-ms. the pure fractions of ens were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as fusarium verticilloides ... | 2010 | 20417654 |
| metabolic changes in euphorbia palusrtis latex after fungal infection. | the variations of metabolic profile of the latex of wild-growing euphorbia palustris was carried out using multivariate analysis of (1)h nmr spectral data. one population was infected with fungi fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium proliferatum and alternaria alternata, while the other consisted of healthy plant species. the non-polar metabolites of latex extracts such as benzoyl ingenol-laurate, amyrin decadienoate esters, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and 24-methylenecycloartanol were identified using ... | 2016 | 27553715 |
| fate of fusarium toxins during brewing. | some information is available about the fate of fusarium toxins during the brewing process, but only little is known about the single processing steps in detail. in our study we produced beer from two different barley cultivars inoculated with three different fusarium species, namely, fusarium culmorum, fusarium sporotrichioides, and fusarium avenaceum, producing a wide range of mycotoxins such as type b trichothecenes, type a trichothecenes, and enniatins. by the use of multi-mycotoxin lc-ms/ms ... | 2017 | 27931101 |
| wildly growing asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) hosts pathogenic fusarium species and accumulates their mycotoxins. | asparagus officinalis l. is an important crop in many european countries, likely infected by a number of fusarium species. most of them produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, thus affecting the physiology of the host plant. however, there is lack of information on fusarium communities in wild asparagus, where they would definitely have considerable environmental significance. therefore, the main scientific aim of this study was to identify the fusarium species and quantify their typical mycotoxins ... | 2016 | 26687343 |
| structural and functional characterization of the tri101 trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase from fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum: kinetic insights to combating fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a plant disease with serious economic and health impacts. it is caused by fungal species belonging to the genus fusarium and the mycotoxins they produce. although it has proved difficult to combat this disease, one strategy that has been examined is the introduction of an indigenous fungal protective gene into cereals such as wheat barley and rice. thus far the gene of choice has been tri101 whose gene product catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl co ... | 2008 | 17923480 |
| biosynthesis of beauvericin and enniatins in vitro by wheat fusarium species and natural grain contamination in an area of central italy. | contamination of wheat grain by beauvericin (bea) and enniatins (ens) is a global emerging mycotoxicological food problem. in this study, strains of fusarium avenaceum (fa), fusarium poae (fp), fusarium equiseti and fusarium sporotrichioides, all potential bea and en producers, isolated from 162 grain samples of durum and soft wheat harvested in 2009 and 2010 collected in an area of central italy, were preliminarily screened for the presence of the esyn1 gene, encoding the multifunctional enzyme ... | 2015 | 25475336 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol against mycotoxigenic plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to examine the effect of five naturally occurring compounds from essential oils on 10 different species of mycotoxigenic fungi involved in several plant diseases. the antifungal activities of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol were observed in vitro on fusarium subglutinans, fusarium cerealis, fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sporotrichioides, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus carbonarius, ... | 2011 | 22257275 |
| observation of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin glucosides from fusarium sporotrichioides by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). | the trichothecenes produced by solid and liquid cultures of fusarium sporotrichioides were evaluated with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). along with the expected t-2 toxin ht-2 toxin and neosolaniol, two additional compounds were detected, which had ions 162 m/z higher than those in the mass spectra of t-2 toxin or ht-2 toxin. fragmentation behavior of these two compounds was similar to that of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin. based on lc-ms/ms behavior, it i ... | 2011 | 22295176 |
| deoxynivalenol and other selected fusarium toxins in swedish oats--occurrence and correlation to specific fusarium species. | fusarium moulds frequently contaminate oats and other cereals world-wide, including those grown in northern europe. to investigate the presence of toxigenic fusarium species and their toxins in oats, samples were taken during 2010 and 2011 in three geographical regions of sweden (east, west, south). the samples were analysed by real-time pcr for the specific infection level of seven fusarium species associated with oats and other cereals (fusarium poae, fusarium graminearum, fusarium langsethiae ... | 2013 | 23962918 |
| elicitors of plant defense responses from biocontrol strains of trichoderma viren. | abstract effective biocontrol strains of trichoderma virens can induce the production of defense-related compounds in the roots of cotton. ineffective strains do not induce these compounds to significant levels. this elicittation was found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroform, passed through a 5k molecular weight cut-off (mwco) filter, but not a 3k mwco filter, and was sensitive to treatment by proteinase k. when the active material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ge ... | 2004 | 18943540 |
| fate of fusarium toxins during the malting process. | little is known about the fate of fusarium mycotoxins during the barley malting process. to determine the fungal dna and mycotoxin concentrations during malting, we used barley grain harvested from field plots that we had inoculated with fusarium species that produce type a or type b trichothecenes or enniatins. using a recently developed multimycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass stable isotope dilution method, we identified fusarium-species-specific behaviors of mycotoxins in grain and m ... | 2016 | 26813702 |
| structural and functional characterization of tri3 trichothecene 15-o-acetyltransferase from fusarium sporotrichioides. | fusarium head blight is a devastating disease of cereal crops whose worldwide incidence is increasing and at present there is no satisfactory way of combating this pathogen or its associated toxins. there is a wide variety of trichothecene mycotoxins and they all contain a 12,13-epoxytrichothecene skeleton but differ in their substitutions. indeed, there is considerable variation in the toxin profile across the numerous fusarium species that has been ascribed to differences in the presence or ab ... | 2009 | 19319932 |
| mycotoxin production of fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates. | the present study investigated and compared the mycotoxin production of two fusarium species, f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae, isolated from grain samples. fusarium strains were cultivated at 25°c for 7 days on two types of solid media, i.e. rice-flour and cereal-flour agar. toxins produced were measured after the incubation period with a multi-mycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). both f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae synthesised type- ... | 2011 | 23605980 |
| aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin b(1) formation in barley grain during interaction with other fungi. | colonization of barley grain by aspergillus flavus and formation of aflatoxin b(1) in the presence of penicillium verrucosum, fusarium sporotrichioides, and hyphopichia burtonii were studied over a three-week period in all combinations of 20 or 30 °c and 0.97, 0.95 or 0.90 a(w). grain colonization was assessed initially by observing hyphal extension on the grain surface, using scanning electron microscopy, and then from the proportion of seeds infected and numbers of colony forming units (cfu) f ... | 1996 | 20882457 |
| chronic ulcerative dermatitis caused by fusarium sporotrichioides. | the present study describes the isolation of fusarium sporotrichioides from a canine cutaneous ulceration. a 2-year-old male beagle dog weighing 8.6 kg, with a history of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha), had been treated with prednisone for 9 months. physical examination revealed cutaneous ulceration on the left foreleg. histopathological examination of skin samples from the ulcerative area revealed many branching hyphae surrounding neutrophils. since itraconazole (itz) is recommended fo ... | 2010 | 20964490 |
| phylogenetic relationships of fusarium poae based on ef-1 alpha and mtssu sequences. | a molecular phylogenetic analysis of fusarium poae isolates from south america (argentina) and europe (mainly england, germany, italy) was performed using 98 f. poae, four fusarium culmorum, two fusarium sporotrichioides and one fusarium langsethiae isolates. phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear (translation elongation factor 1-alpha, ef-1 alpha) and mitochondrial (mitochondrial small subunit rdna, mtssu) sequences. partitioned (each dataset separately) and combined (ef-1 alpha+mts ... | 2010 | 20965066 |
| distribution of t-2 and ht-2 toxins in milling fractions of durum wheat. | the effect of processing on mycotoxin content in milling fractions has been investigated in 10 samples of durum wheat contaminated with t-2 and ht-2 toxins at levels ranging from 97 to 5,954 μg/kg (sum of t-2 and ht-2 toxins). either naturally contaminated samples or samples artificially inoculated with fusarium sporotrichioides under field conditions were used. a method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with immunoaffinity column cleanup was validated in-house for ... | 2011 | 22004818 |
| immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides) and glucomannan on t-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in poultry. | the present investigation was undertaken to study the immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn berries and glucomannan against t-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in 15-day-old chicks. t-2 toxin was produced in the laboratory by growing fusarium sporotrichioides mtcc 2081 on wheat. t-2 toxin was fed to birds at 1 ppm level of the diet. the powdered seabuckthorn berries were added at 400 and 800 ppm levels, and glucomannan added at 1 g/kg of feed. all the treatments were continued up to 28 days. th ... | 2010 | 21151701 |
| sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol-producing toxigenic fusarium graminearum chemotypes. | fusarium spp. are economically important crop pathogens and causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereals worldwide. of the fhb pathogens, fusarium graminearum 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) are the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotypes, threatening food and feed quality as well as animal and human health. the objective of the study was to evaluate host specificity and fungal-fungal interactions of sphaerodes mycoparasitica- a recently described ... | 2011 | 21204935 |
| biological detoxification of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its use in genetically engineered crops and feed additives. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the major mycotoxin produced by fusarium fungi in grains. food and feed contaminated with don pose a health risk to humans and livestock. the risk can be reduced by enzymatic detoxification. complete mineralization of don by microbial cultures has rarely been observed and the activities turned out to be unstable. the detoxification of don by reactions targeting its epoxide group or hydroxyl on carbon 3 is more feasible. microbial strains that de-epoxidize don under anaero ... | 2011 | 21691789 |
| stimulatory effect on rat thymocytes proliferation and antimicrobial activity of two 6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-diones. | recently we reported the identification and synthesis of cyclodidepsipeptides, 3,6-di(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (ppm) and 3-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (bpm), as potential precursors of enniatin b in fusarium sporotrichioides. no data concerning biological activity of ppm and bpm have hitherto been published. the possible immunomodulatory effect and antimicrobial activity of ppm and bpm were investigated in this study, due to well known biologi ... | 2011 | 22138252 |
| accumulation kinetics of three scirpentriol-based toxins in oats inoculated in vitro with isolates of fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium poae. | autoclaved oats were inoculated with a strain of fusarium sporotrichioides or fusarium poae. moisture content of oats after inoculation was at 38%, incubation took place in standing culture at 28 °c. the a-type trichothecenes, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (4,15-das), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (15-mas), and scirpentriol (scirp) were analyzed by gc/ms. for each strain, three culture flasks were harvested at 2-3 day intervals starting immediately after inoculation. total incubation time was 42 days (f. po ... | 2011 | 22069718 |
| the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. | | 2012 | 23110430 |
| identification and characterization of the major antifungal substance against fusarium sporotrichioides from chaetomium globosum. | fusarium sporotrichioides, is a common soil-borne plant pathogen causing dry rot of potato in northeast china. the objective of this study was to identify the main antifungal substances from chaetomium globosum w7 against f. sporotrichioides. strain w7 can significantly inhibit f. sporotrichioides without direct contact, suggesting that its antifungal substance was extracellular, and the solubility of this antifungal substance in ethyl acetate was superior to that in water. acetone was selected ... | 2017 | 28466302 |
| in vitro evaluation of sub-lethal concentrations of plant-derived antifungal compounds on fusaria growth and mycotoxin production. | phytopathogenic fungi can lead to significant cereal yield losses, also producing mycotoxins dangerous for human and animal health. the fungal control based on the use of synthetic fungicides can be complemented by "green" methods for crop protection, based on the use of natural products. in this frame, the antifungal activities of bergamot and lemon essential oils and of five natural compounds recurrent in essential oils (citronellal, citral, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde and limonene) have bee ... | 2017 | 28758914 |
| [expression of cecropin p1 gene increases resistance of camelina sativa (l.) plants to microbial phytopathogenes]. | transgenic plants of camelina (camelina sativa (l.) crantz) with the synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) were obtained. agrobacterium-mediated transformation is performed using the binary vector pga482::cecp1 by vacuum infiltration of flower buds. the presence of the cecp1 gene in the genome of plants was confirmed by pcr. cecp1 gene expression in transgenic plants was shown by western blot analysis and by antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the bacterial phy ... | 2013 | 24159802 |
| hydroxylations of trichothecene rings in the biosynthesis of fusarium trichothecenes: evolution of alternative pathways in the nivalenol chemotype. | fusarium sporotrichioides genes fstri11, fstri13, and fstri1 encode cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (cyps) responsible for hydroxylations at c-15, c-4, and c-8 of the trichothecene skeleton, respectively. however, the corresponding genes of nivalenol (niv)-chemotype fusarium graminearum remain to be functionally elucidated. in this study, we characterized the roles of these cyps in niv biosynthesis. analyses of the metabolites of the f. graminearum fgtri11(-) mutant, a disruptant of fgtri11 encod ... | 2016 | 27120196 |
| mycotoxin production in a carbendazim-resistant strain of fusarium sporotrichioides. | mycelial yield and production of three trichothecenes, namely t-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (das) and neosolaniol (neo) were compared in control (cs) and carbendazim-resistant strains (rs) offusarium sporotrichioides. each strain was exposed to graded concentrations of carbendazim (0, 1, 2, and 4 μg/ml media) for 2, 5 and 7 days under shake-culture conditions at an incubation temperature of 25°c. mycelial yield was significantly (p<0.001) affected by strain, carbendazim concentration and incubat ... | 2000 | 23605346 |
| real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for group specific detection of important trichothecene producing fusarium species in wheat. | trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivaneol (don), nivalenol (niv) and t2-toxin are produced by a variety of fusarium spp. on cereals in the field and may be ingested by consumption of commodities and products made thereof. the toxins inhibit eukaryotic protein biosynthesis and may thus impair human and animal health. aimed at rapid and sensitive detection of the most important trichothecene producing fusarium spp. in a single analysis, a real-time duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplificatio ... | 2014 | 24631635 |
| fusarium sporotrichioides sherb. and trichothecenes associated with fusarium-ear rot of corn before harvest. | fusarium sporotrichioides was found to be the predominant fungus in approximately 2 % of corn ears damaged byfusarium species, before harvest during 1984 and 1985 in poland. concentrations of up to 1,714.9 mg/kg of total type-a trichothecenes (t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, neosolaniol, t-2 triol, and t-2 tetraol) were found in hand-selected, heavily damaged kernels obtained fromf. sporotrichioides-molded ears. | 1987 | 23604946 |
| identification of different fusarium spp. in allium spp. in germany. | in 2013 allium cepa bulbs from different fields in northern and southern germany, seeds and sets from onion breeders were analysed for infestation with fusarium species. the same investigation was done in 2014 with different edible allium spp. from local markets. different fusarium spp. were isolated and identified by morphological characterisation. 24 different fusarium spp. were identified. the diversity of fusarium spp. and the intensity of infestation was higher on edible bulbs compared to t ... | 2015 | 27141742 |
| multidrug-resistant fusarium in keratitis: a clinico-mycological study of keratitis infections in chennai, india. | in this study, we aimed to present the first molecular epidemiological data from chennai, india, analyse keratitis cases that have been monitored in a university hospital during 2 years, identify the responsible fusarium species and determine antifungal susceptibilities. a total of 10 cases of keratitis were included in the study. fusarium isolates were identified using the second largest subunit of the rna polymerase gene (rpb2) and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1). antifungal s ... | 2017 | 27766684 |
| effects of phenolic acids on the growth and production of t-2 and ht-2 toxins by fusarium langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides. | the effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of t-2 and ht-2 toxins by fusarium langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides, on mycotoxin synthetic medium. plates treated with 0.5 mm of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25 °c. fungal biomass of f. langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. however, biosynthesis of t-2 toxin by f. langsethiae was ... | 2016 | 27049379 |
| a non-linear model for temperature-dependent sporulation and t-2 and ht-2 production of fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides. | this research has produced new quantitative data on the sporulation and t-2+ht-2 toxin production that could be further integrated to develop a comprehensive disease or toxin prediction model for fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides. experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature or incubation time on sporulation and the effect of temperature on t-2+ht-2 toxin production of strains of the two species. f. sporotrichioides demonstrated a preference for higher tempe ... | 2016 | 27020157 |
| structural and mechanistic analysis of engineered trichodiene synthase enzymes from trichoderma harzianum: towards higher catalytic activities empowering sustainable agriculture. | trichoderma spp. are well-known bioagents for the plant growth promotion and pathogen suppression. the beneficial activities of the fungus trichoderma spp. are attributed to their ability to produce and secrete certain secondary metabolites such as trichodermin that belongs to trichothecene family of molecules. the initial steps of trichodermin biosynthetic pathway in trichoderma are similar to the trichothecenes from fusarium sporotrichioides. trichodiene synthase (ts) encoded by tri5 gene in t ... | 2016 | 26207800 |
| biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes by the fungus fusarium verticillioides. | the volatiles of the fungus fusarium verticillioides were analysed by gc-ms. sesquiterpenes dominated, with trichodiene as the principle component. several other sesquiterpenes were detected in low amounts that were unambiguously identified from their mass spectra and retention indices. the absolute configurations of (r)-ß-bisabolene, (r)-cuparene, (+)-ß-barbatene, (-)-a-cedrene, (+)-ß-cedrene, and (+)-a-funebrene originating from different key cationic intermediates, were determined by chiral g ... | 2011 | 21748838 |
| acute and chronic disease associated with naturally occurring t-2 mycotoxicosis in sheep. | a flock of approximately 1,000 sheep were exposed intermittently to food contaminated with t-2 toxin (t-2), a potent type-a trichothecene mycotoxin produced primarily by fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium poae. in the acute stage of the intoxication, affected sheep developed anorexia, decreased water consumption, ruminal atony, soft faeces and apathy. one hundred and ninety of the exposed sheep died. the main gross lesions observed in animals dying during the acute disease were rumenitis and ... | 2013 | 22819015 |
| growth inhibition and morphological alteration of fusarium sporotrichioides by mentha piperita essential oil. | the aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antifungal activity of mentha piperita essential oil (mpe) against fusarium sporotrichioides. | 0 | 28250658 |