| [dimorphism in the fungus coccidioides immitis rixford et gilchrist under the action of saprophytic bacilli]. | it is shown that there are specific substances produced and secreted into the environment by saprotrophic bacilli. these inhibit the growth of the coccidioidal fungus in its mycelial form and some cells are converted into the yeast form, which leads to the destruction of the fungi (in natural environment) or, if the conditions allow, to their growth in the yeast form. this phenomenon, existence of a large amount of bacilli antagonistic to coccidioides immitis, may be one of reasons why the latte ... | 1991 | 1779904 |
| coccidioidin and merthiolate in previously sensitized animals. | the effect of merthiolate, which is used as a preservative in skin test materials, on skin test reactions was determined in guinea pigs. in four groups of animals, merthiolate in basal medium produced skin tests at 24 and 48 h characterized by erythema and/or induration in an intermediate region, i.e., 5 plus or minus 2.2 mm. one of the four groups of animals was a nonsensitized control group. the other three groups were subcutaneously sensitized with (i) merthiolate and saline, (ii) killed cocc ... | 1975 | 1116875 |
| susceptibility of coccidioides immitis, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin b, flucytosine, and clotrimazole. | toxicity and failure of treatment with amphotericin b are stimuli for researchers to evaluate alternative antifungal antimicrobics. also, data from susceptibility tests of coccidioides immitis are sparse. with use of a defined, synthetic culture medium, c. immitis (25 strains). candida albicans (21 strains), and cryptococcus neoformans (21 strains) were tested against flucytosine, clotrimazole, and amphotericin b. molecule for molecule, the sequency of activity was: clotrimazole greater than amp ... | 1975 | 1099147 |
| [tijuana: endemic zone of coccidioides immitis infection]. | to consider a geographical zone as endemic for coccidioidomycosis, three requisites are necessary: 1. isolation of the causal agent, coccidioides immitis, from the environment, 2. a prevalence of infection among the population of that area of at least 5%, and 3. the demonstration of clinical cases of coccidioidomycosis in that population. there are no previous reports on the endemicity of coccidioidomycosis in tijuana, baja california, mexico. we are reporting: a) the isolation of the causal age ... | 1991 | 1887324 |
| r34000, a dioxolane imidazole in the therapy for experimental coccidioidomycosis. comparison with miconazole and econazole. | comparisons were made on the therapeutic influence of three imidazole drugs in experimental lethal coccidioidomycosis of mice. when administered by the intramuscular route, miconazole and a closely related structural analogue, econazole, were effective in preventing death, restricting fungal replication in the lungs, and minimizing the extent of extrapulmonary dissemination. neither drug was as effective when administered by the oral route as by the intramuscular route. this contrasted sharply w ... | 1976 | 1001052 |
| effects of recombinant gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor on in vitro interactions of human mononuclear phagocytes with coccidioides immitis. | human peripheral blood monocytes readily phagocytized coccidioides immitis endospores (2 to 5 microns) in vitro. within 24 to 30 h at 37 degrees c, the phagocytized endospores started developing into immature spherules. however, when the monocytes were incubated with recombinant human gamma interferon (rifn-gamma) or recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rtnf-alpha) and then infected, fewer endospores developed into spherules. treatment with rifn-gamma or rtnf-alpha activated the fungic ... | 1991 | 1937779 |
| opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. | the number of fungal species reported to cause disease in man is increasing rapidly. very few of these fungi are capable of infecting a normal host. important progress has been achieved in an understanding of fungal pathogenicity including the mechanisms of adherence to host tissues, penetration of tissues, multiplication within the host, and the interaction of fungal cells with host effector cells. in addition to the increase in infections by opportunistic and pathogenic fungi in compromised pa ... | 1991 | 1938702 |
| fungal disease in hiv-infected persons: cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis. | the aids epidemic has profoundly influenced the expression of deep-seated fungal disease in this country over the past 10 years. previously an uncommon etiology of life threatening disease, deep-seated fungal infections with cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, and coccidioides immitis accounted for nearly 3000 aids index diagnoses in 1990. as the epidemic matures, symptomatic hiv infection can be expected to rise in areas of endemic fungal infection resulting in further recognition ... | 1991 | 1942195 |
| comparative efficacy of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion and amphotericin b deoxycholate suspension in treatment of murine coccidioidomycosis. | the efficacy of a novel sterol-complexed preparation of amphotericin b, amphotericin b colloidal dispersion, was compared with that of deoxycholate-complexed amphotericin b in an acute murine model of systemic coccidioidomycosis. mice (cd-1, female) were infected intravenously with 180 or 200 arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis, and intravenous therapy was begun 3 days later. six doses in various regimens of either preparation were given over 14 days, and deaths were tallied for an additional ... | 1991 | 1952853 |
| primary diagnosis of disseminated fungal disease by fine-needle aspiration of soft-tissue lesions. | two cases of disseminated fungal infections diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration of soft-tissue masses are presented. both patients were initially treated on an outpatient basis for a presumed musculoskeletal disorder before the diagnostic biopsy was obtained. the first patient apparently contracted coccidioides immitis infection while residing in arizona, but the diagnosis was rendered on an aspirate of a buttock mass performed in boston. the second patient, a non-insulin-dependent diabetic, was ... | 1991 | 1954837 |
| current therapy of major fungal diseases of the lung. | the treatment of the major systemic fungi encountered in the united states--histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitides, and coccidioides immitis--depends on an understanding of the natural history of disease. clinical manifestations of these infections can range from an asymptomatic disease that requires no therapy to an illness that is incurable and requires long-term suppression with antifungal agents to produce a balanced host-to-parasite relationship. this article discusses the natural ... | 1991 | 1955703 |
| isolation of coccidioides immitis from bronchoalveolar lavage is diagnostic of infection. | | 1991 | 1990966 |
| interaction of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with coccidioides immitis arthroconidia. | we explored the in vitro interaction of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the arthroconidial stage of the fungus coccidioides immitis. fresh peripheral blood monocytes in an adherent monolayer were capable of ingesting c. immitis. further, peripheral blood monocytes from either skin-test-positive or skin-test-negative donors significantly decreased the in vitro growth of c. immitis when coccidioidal arthroconidia were incubated with monocytes. peripheral blood mononuclear cells also ... | 1991 | 1991329 |
| review of human and animal cases of coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in canada. | the first canadian case of coccidioidomycosis in a human was reported in 1952 and 11 more cases since then. this study provides details of other cases of coccidioidomycosis that have been diagnosed in canada. based on clinical details, isolation of coccidioides immitis, detection of a specific antibody (f band) for coccidioidomycosis by macro- or microimmunodiffusion tests, concurrently used with the complement fixation procedure, and histopathological findings, 116 more cases of this disease we ... | 1991 | 2014046 |
| an immunoreactive apoglycoprotein purified from coccidioides immitis. | deglycosylation of glycoproteins in a lysate of spherules of coccidioides immitis has permitted purification and partial characterization of a proline-rich pronase-sensitive antigen. moreover, soluble antigen specifically stimulated lymphocytes from persons with dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity to coccidioidal antigens. when related to reference coccidioidin by tandem two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, the antigen fused in the anodal region with a specific reference antigen (antigen 2). ... | 1991 | 2050396 |
| antigen complex of coccidioides immitis which elicits a precipitin antibody response in patients. | the occurrence in patients of elevated levels of immunoglobulin m (igm) precipitin antibody to coccidioides immitis antigens, which are commonly detected by the immunodiffusion-tube precipitin (tp) assay, is suggestive of primary nondisseminating coccidioidomycosis. we previously demonstrated that the concanavalin a-bound mycelial culture filtrate plus lysate preparation is a source of at least two tp antibody-reactive antigens (tp-ags), which were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla ... | 1991 | 2050408 |
| [imported pulmonary coccidiodomycosis apropos of an anatomo-clinical study]. | the case is reported of a 41-year-old arizona woman who, during a european tour, consulted a lausanne (switzerland) physician to whom she reported poor general health and, in particular, localized pains in the right thorax. although the clinical condition appeared normal, radiology of the thorax revealed a round, hollow shadow in the right lung. since tuberculosis seemed the most likely diagnosis, the patient underwent antibacillary treatment. three months later the lesion appeared to have incre ... | 1976 | 996487 |
| composition, serologic reactivity, and immunolocalization of a 120-kilodalton tube precipitin antigen of coccidioides immitis. | diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis largely depends on serologic tests. in this investigation, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect patient immunoglobulin m (igm) precipitin antibody binding to a 120-kilodalton (kda) fraction previously isolated from an alkali-soluble, water-soluble extract of the arthroconidial wall and mycelial culture filtrate plus toluene lysate of coccidioides immitis. results of the serologic response to this tube precipitin antigen (tp-ag) in the e ... | 1990 | 2104598 |
| pulmonary mycetoma due to coccidioides immitis. | pulmonary mycetoma due to coccidioides immitis has been reported on three occasions. the present case is the fourth such report occurring in a patient with widely disseminated disease. spherules and hyphae were found in the specimen. while the active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary lesions responded well to therapy with amphotericin b, resection was required to eliminate the residual mycetoma and its attendant hemoptysis. | 1977 | 837765 |
| tempest from tehachapi takes toll or coccidioides conveyed aloft and afar. | new cases of acute primary coccidioidomycosis in large numbers resulted from a windstorm that blew through kern county, california, on december 20, 1977. in most of these cases clinically apparent infections developed in early and mid-january 1978 and occurred not only in persons exposed directly to the dust raised by the windstorm but also among those in many areas to the north and west of kern county. the exposure to the dustborne coccidioides immitis was brief because of the arrival of drench ... | 1978 | 735056 |
| killing of coccidioides immitis by hypochlorous acid or monochloramine. | to identify possible explanations for the resistance of coccidioides immitis to killing by human neutrophils, its susceptibility to typical oxidants generated during the neutrophil respiratory burst was compared to the sensitivity of other microbes. when microbial suspensions were exposed to hypochlorous acid, arthroconidia or spherules of c. immitis were killed more slowly than yeast cells of candida (torulopsis) glabrata or staphylococcus aureus. in contrast, exposure to the more lipophilic ox ... | 1990 | 2166156 |
| itraconazole therapy for nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis: clinical and laboratory observations. | itraconazole, a new oral triazole antifungal agent, was administered in 75 courses to patients with chronic coccidioidomycosis at dosages of 50 to 400 mg/day for a median duration of 10 months. assessment of efficacy was made with a standardized scoring system. responses were seen in 42 of 58 assessable courses (72%). nonresponse occurred exclusively in patients who had failed previous therapy and was most common in pulmonary disease. toxicity was minimal at the doses studied. pharmacokinetic an ... | 1990 | 2170479 |
| immunochemical studies of aspergillus fumigatus mycelial antigens by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting techniques. | differences were detectable among strains of the opportunist fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus when water-soluble (ws) preparations were analysed by combined sds-page and western blotting procedures. a wide range of molecules of apparent molecular masses from approximately 20 to greater than 100 kda showed specific binding to antibodies raised in rabbits to a. fumigatus wall and cytoplasmic components. the ability to bind antibody was markedly reduced by treatment of these antigens with sodi ... | 1990 | 2175766 |
| fungal pneumonia in transplant recipients. | fungal pneumonia is an infrequent but devastating complication of solid organ transplantation. the suspicion of fungal pulmonary infections caused by the dimorphic fungi is based on particular knowledge about the recipient's past or present residence in an endemic area. some fungi, such as cryptococcus neoformans, candida sp and mucor sp are associated with concomitant diabetes mellitus. the level of immunosuppressive therapy is also a major predisposing factor. for some fungi, such as coccidioi ... | 1990 | 2188321 |
| otomycosis due to coccidioidomycosis. | the course and treatment of two patients with otomycosis due to coccidioides immitis, believed to be the first such cases reported, are described. both infections appeared due to reactivation of hematogenously disseminated foci. local and systemic chemotherapy plus surgery resulted in remission, and host immune response also appears to be an important factor. one patient, with systemic lupus erythematosus, required more extensive surgery, more chemotherapy, and reduction in steroid dose to arres ... | 1978 | 686941 |
| coccidioides immitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections. | coccidioidomycosis in human-immunodeficiency virus-infected patients poses frequent and significant problems. most cases are presently concentrated in regions highly endemic for the fungus. infection most frequently involves the lungs, and diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates are typical. disease has also been evident in extrapulmonary sites including meningitis. when progressive disease occurs, most patients already have low cd4 lymphocyte counts. in such cases, effective therapies have included ... | 1990 | 2247710 |
| fluconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent. | fluconazole is a fluorine-substituted, bis-triazole antifungal agent. its mechanism of action, like that of other azoles, involves interruption of the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol via binding to fungal cytochrome p-450 and subsequent disruption of fungal membranes. activity against aspergillus spp., blastomyces dermatitidis, candida spp., coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, and paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been demonstrated in several animal mode ... | 1990 | 2260347 |
| a case of coccidioidomycosis with unique clinical features. | primary coccidioidomycosis, occurring in a microbiologist whose initial symptoms were cough, fever, night sweats, and chest pain, was unique, because for six months following infection his sera remained nonreactive, and his chest roentgenograms showed no lesions. throughout this period, his sputa continued to yield coccidioides immitis. his skin test, which showed negative results 12 days after the onset of symptoms, became positive for coccidioidomycosis eight months later. spherule formation b ... | 1978 | 686936 |
| isolation of coccidioides immitis from bat guano and preliminary findings on laboratory infectivity of bats with coccidioides immitis. | | 1978 | 634037 |
| laryngeal coccidioidomycosis. | a patient had severe bilateral pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with laryngeal involvement proved on biopsy to be caused by coccidioides immitis. to my knowledge, this has been reported only once before and appears to be a rarely seen complication of pulmonary infection by direct inoculation. | 1977 | 576463 |
| giant forms of blastomyces dermatitidis in the pulmonary lesions of blastomycosis. potential confusion with coccidioides immitis. | typical yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis have a characteristic appearance in tissue sections. fungal morphologic variation occurs infrequently in the lesions of blastomycosis, yet it can complicate the differential diagnosis, particularly if fresh tissue is not available for microbiologic culture. the authors report a case of pulmonary blastomycosis, confirmed by culture and direct immunofluorescence, in which some of the yeast-like cells were abnormally large. these giant yeast-lik ... | 1990 | 2321590 |
| comparison of fluconazole and sdz89-485 for therapy of experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. | we infected mice with arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis by intraperitoneal injection and 48 h later treated them with either oral fluconazole or sdz89-485, a new triazole. both drugs completely inhibited fungal growth when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight twice a day, but only sdz89-485 was fully inhibitory at a dose of 5 mg/kg twice a day. in a second experiment, treatment with sdz89-485 was delayed until 8 days after infection to allow infection to be well established befo ... | 1990 | 2327748 |
| intravenous and intrathecal miconazole therapy for systemic mycoses. | ten patients with systemic mycoses, including five with fungal meningitis, were treated with intravenously or intrathecally administered miconazole, or both. minimal inhibitory concentrations of miconazole for clinical isolates of coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans were less than 0.6 microg per ml. except for pruritus of variable degrees, the drug was well tolerated both intravenously and intrathecally by all patients. no measurable impairment of renal, hepatic or ... | 1977 | 576177 |
| evaluation of nikkomycins x and z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. | nikkomycins x and z, competitive inhibitors of fungal chitin synthase, were evaluated as therapeutic agents in vitro and in mouse models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. in vitro, the nikkomycins were found to be most effective against the highly chitinous, dimorphic fungi coccidioides immitis and blastomyces dermatitidis, were less effective against yeasts, and were virtually without effect on the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus. additionally, by transmission e ... | 1990 | 2344165 |
| efficacy of sch39304 and fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. | the efficacies of sch39304 (sch) and fluconazole (flu) were tested in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis. cd-1 mice were infected with coccidioides immitis and dosed with sch at 2, 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg per day or flu at 10 or 100 mg/kg per day. survival was enhanced (p less than 0.001) by both drugs at all doses. residual burdens of c. immitis in the organs of mice treated with sch at 25 or 50 mg/kg per day were lower than in mice treated with flu at 100 mg/kg per day (p less than 0.001). these ... | 1990 | 2360832 |
| therapeutic effect of the triazole bay r 3783 in mouse models of coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis. | a new triazole, bay r 3783, was compared with ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole, which were given via the alimentary tract at three dosages, and amphotericin b, which was given at 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally, in murine models of the systemic mycoses coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. in a pulmonary coccidioidomycosis model, bay r 3783, fluconazole, and itraconazole were essentially equally efficacious and more active than ketoconazole in protecting mice against death; ... | 1990 | 2393272 |
| seronegative disseminated coccidioidomycosis in patients with hiv infection. | serologic testing for complement-fixing antibodies to coccidioides immitis is commonly employed to assist in the diagnosis and management of this infection, but its usefulness in an hiv-coinfected population is unknown. in this study we reviewed all the mycologically or histologically proven cases of disseminated c. immitis infection after 1982. disseminated c. immitis and proven hiv infection were present in eight patients. we performed serum complement-fixing antibody titers on all eight patie ... | 1990 | 2397064 |
| isolation and identification of an exoantigen specific for coccidioides immitis. | results of previous studies have established that mycelial-phase cells of coccidioides immitis produce a heat-stable (hs) exoantigen that is specific for this fungus. in the present study, the hs exoantigen was isolated from a heterogeneous culture filtrate of c. immitis mycelia by using a combination of physicochemical procedures. affinity chromatography of the culture filtrate on concanavalin a yielded two fractions: an effluent fraction that did not bind to the lectin and an eluate fraction t ... | 1986 | 2420721 |
| evaluation of cross-reactions in histoplasma capsulatum serologic tests. | cross-reactivity in histoplasma serologic tests was evaluated by using sera from patients with histoplasmosis and other infections. serum samples from 127 of 134 (95%) patients with histoplasmosis were judged positive by complement fixation tests, and 121 (90%) showed h bands, m bands, or both by immunodiffusion. of these 134 patients, cross-reactions were seen to blastomyces dermatitidis in 53 patients (40%), to coccidioides immitis in 20 patients (16%), and to aspergillus fumigatus in 3 patien ... | 1986 | 2420821 |
| development and characterization of histoplasma capsulatum-reactive murine t-cell lines and clones. | experimental studies have suggested that antigen-specific t lymphocytes are important mediators of resistance to infection with the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulation. to gain a better understanding of the role of t lymphocytes, we developed murine t-cell lines and clones that recognized histoplasma antigens. these t cells were of the helper/inducer phenotype (thy-1.2+ lyt-1+ l3t4+ lyt-2-) and exerted multiple immunological functions. t-cell lines and 12 clones proliferated vigorously in ... | 1986 | 2430887 |
| coccidioidin sensitivity in san diego schools. | san diego is located within the geographic distribution of known occurrence of coccidioides immitis contamination of the soil. forty-five to fifty-five cases are diagnosed in san diego hospitals each year. skin tests were administered to one thousand and twenty-seven ninth grade students in five selected san diego schools. coccidioidin 1:100 was administered by mantoux technique, intradermally. induration was measured at forty-eight hours. greater than 5 mm of induration was noted in 9.7% of stu ... | 1979 | 542888 |
| localization of the tube precipitin and complement fixation antigens of coccidioides immitis by immunoelectron microscopy with murine monoclonal antibodies. | the cellular localization of the tube precipitin (tp) and complement fixation (cf) antigens of coccidioides immitis was examined by immunoelectron microscopy with murine immunoglobulin g1 monoclonal antibodies directed against the tp and cf antigens, respectively. immunoelectron microscopic analyses of saprobic- and parasitic-phase cells showed that the tp antigen is present at a high concentration within the inner cell wall layer and along the plasma membrane. the antigen was also detected, at ... | 1992 | 1639499 |
| development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the tube precipitin antigen of coccidioides immitis. | primary infection with coccidioides immitis is commonly accompanied by the production of an immunoglobulin m precipitin antibody which is detected by the tube precipitin (tp) assay or by the immunodiffusion assay for tp antibody (idtp assay). in the present investigation, spleen cells from spherulin-immunized balb/c mice were fused with sp2/o ag14 myeloma cells, and the resulting hybridomas were screened for antibody to the idtp antigen by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. positive hyb ... | 1989 | 2494108 |
| immunoaffinity isolation and partial characterization of the coccidioides immitis antigen detected by the tube precipitin and immunodiffusion-tube precipitin tests. | the antigen participating in the tube precipitin (tp) serologic test for coccidioidomycosis was isolated from mycelial-phase antigen (coccidioidin) by immunoaffinity and characterized by various analytical procedures. this was accomplished by first preparing the antigen-antibody precipitate by using antigen and human serum positive for tp (immunoglobulin m) antibody and then liberating the antigen by digestion with pronase. this protease destroyed the antibody and left the antigen intact as indi ... | 1989 | 2504775 |
| an arthroconidial-spherule antigen of coccidioides immitis: differential expression during in vitro fungal development and evidence for humoral response in humans after infection or vaccination. | a 33-kda protein antigen purified from spherules of coccidioides immitis was analyzed for ultrastructural localization and for binding to serum antibodies from infected or immunized humans. by using colloidal gold detection of affinity-purified anti-33-kda protein antibodies, electron photomicrographs showed binding to the inner cell wall of arthroconidia and spherules and to the septa and glycocalyx surrounding endospores. enzyme immunoassay measurements also demonstrated that the antigen was m ... | 1992 | 1612732 |
| the coccidioidal complement fixation and immunodiffusion-complement fixation antigen is a chitinase. | culture filtrates and autolysates of coccidioides immitis have provided suitable crude antigens for the serodiagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis. one of these, a heat-labile antigen which participates in the immunodiffusion reaction corresponding to the complement fixation reaction (idcf), has been characterized as a 110-kda native protein that, when subjected to reducing conditions and heat, yields a 48-kda component. the present report provides serologic and biochemical evidence that ... | 1992 | 1612728 |
| [coccidioidomycosis--differential diagnosis of lung infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia]. | a 20-year-old man developed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis after travelling in mexico and california. cardinal clinical symptoms were fever, pulmonary infiltrate with ipsilateral hilar adenopathy on the chest x-ray, and a 14% eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. in addition he experienced erythema nodosum, arthralgias and night sweats. after a five-week febrile course the symptoms disappeared spontaneously without specific treatment. coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed by serology, and coccidioides ... | 1989 | 2645099 |
| isolation of antigens with proteolytic activity from coccidioides immitis. | three antigens with proteolytic activity have been isolated from crude, water-soluble fractions of the saprobic phase of the fungal pathogen coccidioides immitis. two proteinases, identified in our immunoelectrophoresis reference system as ag11 and agcs, were isolated from the soluble conidial wall fraction (scwf). ag11 was previously shown to be a serine proteinase and was characterized in this study as a 60-kilodalton (kda) fraction by gel filtration (gf). the purified proteinase demonstrated ... | 1989 | 2651311 |
| community-acquired fungal pneumonias. | histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, and cryptococcus neoformans can cause acute community-acquired pneumonia. all are soil-dwelling fungi and disturbance of contaminated soil is necessary for infection in man. each has particular epidemiologic considerations that may offer a clue to diagnosis, but the clinical presentation is not sufficiently characteristic to be of diagnostic help. infection may produce variable symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic skin test c ... | 1989 | 2652235 |
| [coccidioidomycosis in children]. | coccidioides immitis is the cause of coccidioidomycosis, the fungus has been found extensively in the southwestern united states, and mexico, and certain areas of central and south america. some climatic conditions, such as hot summers with little winter frost, combined with arid, alkaline soils produce ideal circumstances for preservation of the arthroconidia. children and other human groups are infected by dustbone arthroconidia or by contact with infected soils. there has been limited epidemi ... | 1989 | 2669835 |
| coccidioidomycosis. | although rapid population growth in the southwestern united states and travel to and through the area are increasing the potential for exposure to coccidioides immitis, prevalence rates have declined in some endemic areas, probably because of environmental factors. with the iatrogenic immunosuppression of organ transplantation and the immunosuppression inherent in aids, more opportunistic infections with this organism are to be expected. the variety of cutaneous manifestations continues to chall ... | 1989 | 2670368 |
| pulmonary coccidioidal pseudomycetoma. | coccidiomycosis is rarely associated with a pulmonary mycetoma. we report a patient with progressive cavitary coccidiomycosis, whose initial radiographic and clinical appearance simulated a mycetoma. examination of the surgically resected lung showed necrotizing coccidioides immitis granulomas with spherules and arthroconidialike structures, but no evidence of a mycetoma. we propose the term pulmonary coccidioidal pseudomycetoma as the best descriptor for this patient's clinical, radiographic, p ... | 1992 | 1582169 |
| coccidioidomycosis: clinical update. | over the last decade coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection endemic to the desert southwest of the united states, has gained national prominence. this review summarizes recent advances in the clinical understanding of this disease. immunosuppressive therapy and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus are recognized risk factors for the development of severe, progressive disease. although relatively uncommon, extrapulmonary dissemination of coccidioides immitis can lead to chronic infecti ... | 1989 | 2690287 |
| in vitro assessment of cellular immunity in human coccidioidomycosis: relationship between dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and lymphokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adults. | dermal hypersensitivity in coccidioidomycosis was compared with three simultaneous measures of in vitro cellular immunity using 35 healthy donors living in an area endemic for coccidioidomycosis. twenty donors had greater than 5 mm induration to usual-strength spherulin and were considered skin test-positive. mononuclear cells from these individuals were more responsive by lymphocyte transformation (12,541 +/- 3746 vs. -112 +/- 260 cpm, p = .007) and produced significantly more interleukin-2 (34 ... | 1992 | 1552200 |
| coccidioides immitis presenting as a mycelial pathogen with empyema and hydropneumothorax. | a previously healthy caucasian male developed hydropneumothorax and a pleural peel filled with pleomorphic, septate hyphae. the only organism grown from cultures of the lung and pleural fluid was coccidioides immitis, confirmed by exoantigen testing. spherule-endospore forms were produced, however, following injection of the arthroconidial tissue isolate into balb/c mice. the patient had a positive immunodiffusion complement-fixation test and developed a positive coccidioidin skin test during th ... | 1992 | 1517961 |
| pleural effusion in michigan caused by coccidioides immitis after travel to an endemic area. | primary coccidioidal disease is rarely diagnosed in the midwest in the nonimmunocompromised host. since coast-to-coast travel is common today, many patients may become exposed to coccidioides immitis while traveling in endemic areas. we present a case of acute coccidioidal pleural effusion in a michigan woman who had recently visited northeastern arizona. her travel history was the single most important factor in the eventual diagnosis of coccidioidal pleural effusion. | 1989 | 2767994 |
| serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica). | blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ... | 1988 | 2836636 |
| the pathology of aids. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is a devastating new disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this retrovirus causes profound immunoincompetence in its infected hosts, who are thereafter susceptible to develop myriad severe and relapsing protozoal, fungal, bacterial, viral, and arthropodal opportunistic infections, as well as unusual malignancies. the more than 50,000 patients who have developed aids in the united states have produced a sudden unexpected deluge of ... | 1988 | 2836878 |
| effects of adenylate cyclase toxin from bordetella pertussis on human neutrophil interactions with coccidioides immitis and staphylococcus aureus. | bordetella pertussis extract that contained adenylate cyclase toxin produced large increases in human neutrophil cyclic amp levels and inhibited their oxidative burst, as reflected by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide release. the adenylate cyclase toxin-containing extract blocked neutrophil-mediated inhibition of n-acetylglucosamine incorporation by arthroconidia of coccidioides immitis in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on neutrophil phagocytosis of candida glabrata ... | 1988 | 2894360 |
| efficacies of amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) and conventional amphotericin b against murine coccidioidomycosis. | the comparative activities of two preparations of amphotericin b against coccidioides immitis were investigated. these preparations were a deoxycholate suspension (conventional amphotericin b) and a lipid-based formulation, amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc). in-vitro susceptibility testing demonstrated that the mics of ablc were < or = 0.25 mg/l and of conventional amphotericin b were 0.5 mg/l for c. immitis. however, conventional amphotericin b was at least four-fold more fungicidal, with a m ... | 1992 | 1452501 |
| production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to histoplasma capsulatum yeast cell antigens. | four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced by immunizing mice with a disrupted yeast cell homogenate of histoplasma capsulatum. mabs 1 and 2 reacted only with the yeast cell antigens of h. capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis, whereas mabs 3 and 4 showed broader cross-reactivity. mab 3 cross-reacted with b. dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, and candida albicans, and mab 4 cross-reacted with b. dermatitidis, c. albicans, coccidioides immitis, aspergillus f ... | 1989 | 2917790 |
| a seroreactive 120-kilodalton beta-1,3-glucanase of coccidioides immitis which may participate in spherule morphogenesis. | a beta-glucosidase of coccidioides immitis was identified in electrophoresis gel separations of the concanavalin a-bound mycelial culture-filtrate-plus-lysate preparation. p-nitrophenol-beta-d-glucopyranoside was used as the substrate to visualize the enzymatically active fraction in nonreducing gels. the gel-isolated, chromatographically purified enzyme has an optimal ph of 8.0 and cleaves beta-1,3-glycosyl linkages. the alkaline beta-glucosidase was further characterized by a pi of 3.8 to 4.0, ... | 1992 | 1398946 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing lung infection was determined in 276 fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations done on 171 patients with known or suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. of 173 pathogens (pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, m. tuberculosis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum) identified during the initial evaluation or in the subsequent month, the initial ... | 1985 | 2986505 |
| [biochemical regulations in the dimorphism and virulence of pathogenic fungi for humans]. | some biochemical mechanisms involved in the processes of virulence and dimorphism in fungi pathogenic for humans are reviewed. among them, the participation of sulphydryl and disulfide groups, hormone receptors and intra- and extracellular proteinases in histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and coccidioides immitis. | 1992 | 1338937 |
| treatment of murine coccidioidal meningitis with fluconazole (uk 49,858). | male icr mice were challenged intracerebrally with endospores of coccidioides immitis and then treated with water (control), fluconazole, amphotericin b (fungizone), or ketoconazole (nizoral). all three drugs markedly prolonged survival, and all three drugs lowered brain colony counts of c. immitis. survival of mice treated orally with fluconazole at the high dose was longer than in the ketoconazole treated group. amphotericin b was more efficacious than fluconazole. further investigations are n ... | 1986 | 3014105 |
| monoclonal antibodies against the m-protein and carbohydrate antigens of histoplasmin characterized by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot method. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) of two different specificities were produced by immunizing mice with the semipurified m antigen of histoplasmin. one type, from clone cb4, was an immunoglobulin m that precipitated a polysaccharide present in histoplasmin and also formed immunoprecipitates with a cross-reactive polysaccharide present in extracts of blastomyces dermatitidis and coccidioides immitis. the second type of mab, from clone ec2, was an immunoglobulin g that reacted in the enzyme-linked immun ... | 1986 | 3017863 |
| immunoreactivity of a surface wall fraction produced by spherules of coccidioides immitis. | the membranous spherule outer wall (sow) isolated from liquid cultures of coccidioides immitis has been shown to elicit reactivity with human anti-coccidioides antibody by immunofluorescence and the immunodiffusion-tube precipitin assay. the serologically reactive components were extracted from sow with the nonionic detergent n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (og). the og-soluble fraction of sow was shown to be reactive with immunoglobulin g in 25 serum samples from coccidioidomycosis patients by a ... | 1988 | 3047063 |
| [solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis of coccidioides immitis antigens]. | a highly effective and specific solid-phase enzyme immunoassay system has been developed. the enzyme immunoassay is a highly sensitive technique for the detection and identification of c. immitis cellular and metabolic antigens. this technique is suitable for the study of strain differences in the antigenic composition of c. immitis, rendered harmless by different methods. the expediency of the preliminary sonification of cell suspensions of c. immitis, the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, ... | 1988 | 3057779 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the complement fixation antigen of coccidioides immitis. | detection of complement-fixing antibody to coccidioidin by using the complement fixation test or an immunodiffusion assay for complement-fixing antibody (idcf) is widely viewed as the most useful immunodiagnostic test for coccidioidomycosis. in this investigation, we report the production of an immunoglobulin g subclass 1 (igg1) monoclonal antibody (mab) to the idcf antigen for use as a biospecific ligand for purifying the idcf antigen on solid-phase immunosorbents and for use as a reagent for s ... | 1991 | 1709921 |
| fungal infections in aids. cryptococcosis. | cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, and coccidioides immitis are the three fungi that regularly cause disseminated, life-threatening disease in patients with aids. cryptococcosis is the fourth most common opportunistic infection in patients with aids and results in meningitis or pneumonia or both, in most cases. in addition, there have been unusual focal infections described and even unexplained fever alone. in any patient at risk for hiv infection, routine screening tests should in ... | 1988 | 3060529 |
| systemic fungal infections: diagnosis and treatment. i. sporotrichosis. | sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii. although this fungal microorganism is labeled a true pathogen, its virulence is less than that of other fungal pathogens, such as coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis. this article discusses its clinical manifestations, experimental models, diagnosis, and therapy. | 1988 | 3062093 |
| unexpected laboratory diagnosis of latent urogenital coccidioidomycosis in a nonendemic area. | dissemination of coccidioidomycosis beyond the respiratory tract is not uncommon, but involvement of the urogenital tract is rarely observed. most, if not all, reported cases of urogenital infections caused by coccidioides immitis have been diagnosed in areas considered endemic for the fungus, where suspicion of this illness and its extrapulmonary manifestations is high. in nonendemic regions, however, c immitis is not likely to be considered as a possible cause of genitourinary tract infections ... | 1986 | 3080976 |
| coccidioides immitis fractions which are antigenic for immune t lymphocytes. | the principal mechanism of resistance to coccidioidomycosis in experimental animals has been reported to be t-cell-mediated immunity. we have generated a coccidioides immitis antigen-specific murine t-cell line to identify specific macromolecules capable of eliciting an immune mouse t-cell proliferative response. the murine t cells were stimulated in vitro with a soluble conidial wall fraction (scwf), which has been previously characterized by humoral and cellular immunoassays. the scwf was sepa ... | 1991 | 1840578 |
| isolation of coccidioides immitis f antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography with monospecific antiserum. | detection of antibody to coccidioides immitis f antigen is of proved value in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. this antibody is demonstrable by use of an immunodiffusion assay with reference coccidioidin antigen and antiserum to c. immitis. using a combination of lectin affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography, we isolated the f antigen from coccidioidin and prepared monospecific antibody to the purified antigen. the availability of these reagents will enable the development of a sensitive ... | 1987 | 3098685 |
| [e.l.i.s.a. in human coccidioidomycosis]. | an e.l.i.s.a. test for antibody detection, with an exo-antigen of coccidioides immitis was standardized in 67 humans sera diluted in 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000 and 1/8000. eighteen sera from mycologically proved cases of coccidioidomycosis were studied: 5 were negative and 13 were positive in some dilutions. 3/26 sera of healthy persons who presented positive skin tests with coccidioidin were positive and the other 23 sera did not have positive reactions. none of the 15 sera of healthy human exhibit ... | 1991 | 1844950 |
| the maternal immune response in coccidioidomycosis. is pregnancy a risk factor for serious infection? | seven subjects with prior coccidioidal disease and three with active coccidioides immitis infection during their first trimester were studied during pregnancy and postpartum to determine their general and antigen-specific cell-mediated immune status. all ten were white and carried their pregnancies to term without incident. decreases in total lymphocytes and t-helper and t-suppressor subsets were noted during the third trimester, presumably secondary to an increase in plasma volume. lymphocyte r ... | 1991 | 1889261 |
| isolation of tube precipitin antibody-reactive fractions of coccidioides immitis. | patients presenting with primary coccidioidal infection have been shown by earlier investigators to produce immunoglobulin m (igm) precipitin antibodies to lysates of mycelial and spherule phases of coccidioides immitis. this humoral response has been detected by tube precipitin (tp) and immunodiffusion (id)-tp assays of patient sera, which are valuable aids in early diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. several reports of antigenic fractions which show reactivity with patient tp antibody have been p ... | 1990 | 2104597 |
| extraction of serologic and delayed hypersensitivity antigens from spherules of coccidioides immitis. | we have used an aqueous toluene extraction procedure to obtain antigens from mature spherules of coccidioides immitis. this extract contained many antigens as determined by immunoblotting and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic studies. these included antigens with specificity for tube precipitin-type antibodies having molecular weights greater than or equal to 100 kda. the extract also displayed lymphocyte-transforming activity when tested on human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from ... | 1988 | 3147833 |
| [preparation and study of a paracoccidioides antigen needed for skin tests]. | a cellular antigen from paracoccidioides brasiliensis, obtained from the supernate of the disrupted yeast phase, was studied. it was prepared by a method similar to that for obtaining the spherulin from coccidioides immitis. this antigen is composed of 55 mug/mg of polysaccharides, determined by the phenol method, and 7-8 mug/mg of protein, determined by folin-ciocalteu's technique. in vitro tests of antigenicity were done by immunodiffusion and complement fixation. the optimum dilution of the a ... | 1976 | 996691 |
| overview of fungal infections in cancer patients. | because fungal infection is a significant factor that determines the morbidity and the mortality of many patients with cancer, it is essential to understand the various predisposing defects that lead to such infections. these defects may be categorized into two broad areas: immune defects and mechanical defects. among the immune defects and the fungal organisms that take advantage of them are: neutropenia, absolute neutrophil count less than 1,000/microl, (candida, aspergillus, mucor, rhizopus, ... | 1990 | 2141182 |
| some unusual periorbital dermatoses. | three case reports of primary periorbital dermatitis are presented. the etiology of these were molluscum contagiosum, microsporum canis, and coccidioides immitis. in each case, the presenting complaint was unusual since the primary lesion started in the periorbital region. | 1988 | 3207312 |
| activity of cilofungin against coccidioides immitis: differential in vitro effects on mycelia and spherules correlated with in vivo studies. | cilofungin, a new antifungal drug, was found to inhibit mycelial growth of coccidioides immitis. light and electron microscopic observations indicated delay in development of the outer hyphal wall. cilofungin also blocked incorporation of the chitin substrate, n-acetylglucosamine, into mycelia. however, when c. immitis was grown under conditions that induced spherule development, drug effects were dramatically decreased. furthermore, efficacy of cilofungin in treatment of murine coccidioidomycos ... | 1990 | 2144867 |
| a case of coccidioidomycosis in australia. | we report what we believe to be the first case of coccidioidomycosis to be diagnosed within australia, and emphasize the dangers of handling coccidioides immitis in the laboratory. | 1977 | 758033 |
| suppression of t-lymphocyte response by coccidioides immitis antigen. | intravenous injection of balb/c mice with coccidioidin or an alkali-soluble cell wall extract of coccidioides immitis mycelia resulted in the induction of a splenic cell population(s) that suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity response to coccidioidal antigen. to determine whether the levels of c. immitis antigen produced during the course of active coccidioidal disease might also cause suppression of t-lymphocyte response, balb/c mice were infected by intranasal instillation of arthroconidia ... | 1988 | 3259545 |
| serology of coccidioidomycosis. | serologic tests have assisted in the diagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis for a half-century. the causative agent, coccidioides immitis, is a dimorphic fungus existing in a hyphal form with arthroconidia in nature and in the usual culture. the arthroconidia represent the inhaled infective forms which in vivo and under special laboratory conditions form spherules which endosporulate. the culture filtrate/autolysate (coccidioidin) from the hyphal phase has provided antigens of suitable re ... | 1990 | 2200605 |
| ketoconazole therapy of progressive coccidioidomycosis. comparison of 400- and 800-mg doses and observations at higher doses. | one hundred and twelve patients with progressive pulmonary, skeletal, or soft tissue infections caused by coccidioides immitis were randomly assigned to treatment with 400 or 800 mg per day dosages of ketoconazole. during therapy, if response was unsatisfactory, the protocol provided for treatment with higher doses. with 400 mg, ketoconazole resulted in 23.2 percent successes, which was similar to 32.1 percent successes with 800-mg treatments (p = 0.29). an additional six of 23 patients in whom ... | 1988 | 3279775 |
| epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis. | coccidioides immitis naturally occurs in the soil and air of certain areas of the new world. these are generally arid to semiarid areas that have relatively modest rainfall, mild winters, and prolonged hot seasons. coccidioidomycosis is usually a disease of human and nonhuman residents of these areas; but visitors may develop the disease after entering these areas and returning home long distances from the endemic areas. inhalation (rarely percutaneous introduction) of arthroconidia of c. immiti ... | 1988 | 3288356 |
| genitourinary coccidioidomycosis. | symptomatic involvement of the genitourinary tract as a manifestation of disseminated coccidioides immitis infection is uncommon. we report a case of a colovesical fistula secondary to coccidioides immitis infection and review the pertinent medical literature. | 1988 | 3294447 |
| approach to diagnosis of meningitis. cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. | csf evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis. analysis of the csf abnormalities produced by bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct initial therapy. basic studies of csf that should be performed in all patients with meningitis include measurement of pressure, cell count and white cell differential; determination of glucose and protein levels; gram's stain; and culture. in bacterial meningitis, lim ... | 1990 | 2277190 |
| invasive aspergillosis diagnosed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal and polyclonal reagents. | therapies differ for invasive infection due to the various filamentous fungi. however, histopathologic identification of aspergillus, pseudallescheria, fusarium, trichosporon, dematiacious hyphomycetes, candida, and zygomycetes may be confused, and microbiologic isolation is often delayed. to improve diagnosis, we examined the utility of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to identify aspergillus organisms by peroxidase immunohistochemical techniques. tissues obtained from 68 infected patients ... | 1987 | 3308679 |
| proteinase production by the parasitic cycle of the pathogenic fungus coccidioides immitis. | coccidioides immitis is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis (valley fever), a potentially disseminated fungal disease. we hypothesized that proteinases are expressed by the parasitic life cycle of c. immitis and that they might play an important role in the pathogenesis of coccidioidomycosis by facilitating spherule rupture, endospore dissemination, and tissue invasion and destruction. filtrate from cultures of the parasitic life cycle of c. immitis was therefore assayed for proteolytic ac ... | 1987 | 3312014 |
| purification and amino-terminal sequence analysis of the complement-fixing and precipitin antigens from coccidioides immitis. | two proteins (21 and 48 kilodaltons) purified from endospore-spherule culture filtrates of coccidioides immitis are identified as precipitin and complement-fixing antigens, respectively. to allow specific structural comparison to antigens identified by other investigators and as a first step to eventual serodiagnostic antigen production by recombinant dna technology, amino-terminal amino acid sequences were determined for these antigens. | 1990 | 2312685 |
| pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ketoconazole. | one hundred sixty patients were entered in two multicenter protocols to receive 400 to 2,000 mg of ketoconazole once daily for nonmeningeal or meningeal coccidiodomycosis. for 24 h after administration of all doses, mean concentrations in serum exceeded mics for coccidioides immitis (trough concentrations, greater than 1 microgram/ml). mean peak concentrations occurred 4 to 6 h after administration, ranging from 7 to 17 micrograms/ml for doses of 400 to 2,000 mg. incremental increases in peak co ... | 1987 | 3326525 |
| induction and expression of cell-mediated immune responses in inbred mice infected with coccidioides immitis. | comparisons of the course of coccidioidomycosis in two strains of inbred mice established that balb/c mice are significantly more susceptible to pulmonary infection with coccidioides immitis than are dba/2 mice. the susceptibility of balb/c mice does not reside in their inability to mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to c. immitis antigen. that is, balb/c mice manifested footpad hypersensitivity to coccidioidin early during the course of disease, to a level comparable to that of dba/ ... | 1988 | 3335400 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antigens of coccidioides immitis: human sera interference corrected by acidification-heat extraction. | we describe the distortion caused by sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for coccidioidal antigen. in experimental mixtures without exogenous antigen, immune sera produced an antigen-like effect. in contrast, in mixtures with a relatively large concentration of exogenous antigen, immune sera obscured antigen activity. in both circumstances, preparing specimens with an acidification-heat extraction procedure before assay rectified serum inter ... | 1988 | 3361235 |
| discrepancy between growth of coccidioides immitis in bacterial blood culture media and a radiometric growth index. | spherules of coccidioides immitis grew readily after inoculation in vented trypticase soy broth, biphasic brain heart infusion media, and aerobic tryptic soy broth bottles used in a radiometric system (bactec). however, visible growth was not accompanied by a significant radiometric growth index. growth of c. immitis can be visually detected in routine bacterial blood culture media while the radiometric growth index remains negative. | 1988 | 3370933 |
| coccidioides immitis: an unusual presentation. | | 1990 | 2315222 |
| disseminated coccidioidomycosis. | we report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a 39-year-old japanese male whose illness developed after returning from a trip to an endemic area. he showed positive coccidioidin skin reaction throughout the entire course of his illness. the primary lesion in the lung subsequently spread to the bone. while the patient was on treatment with 5-fc, he made another trip to the same endemic area. after this episode, he developed pulmonary symptoms and cutaneous nodules on his wrist. the possi ... | 1990 | 2329222 |
| an unusual complication of an open-head injury: coccidioidal meningitis. | a case of coccidioidal meningitis following an open-head injury is presented. a 6-year-old boy was ejected from a motor vehicle as it was driven over a cliff, resulting in a severe open-skull fracture with grossly contaminated wounds. the accident occurred in an area in which coccidioidomycosis is endemic, and the causative agent, coccidioides immitis, is found in high concentration in the soil. in addition to fracture reduction, the child received a course of intrathecal and intravenous amphote ... | 1989 | 2604333 |
| evaluation of leathers-awasthi medium for identifying coccidioides immitis isolates. | leathers-awasthi medium (lam) has been recommended for the definitive identification of coccidioides immitis isolates recovered from clinical specimens. studies were undertaken to determine the diagnostic reliability of this medium for identifying fungal cultures. a total of 62 fungi, representing 13 c. immitis isolates and 49 similar pathogenic and saprophytic fungi, were tested in parallel by the lam and exoantigen tests. all of the 13 c. immitis isolates were positive by the exoantigen test, ... | 1987 | 3429635 |