| some characteristics of tryptophan uptake in claviceps species. | tryptophan serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of alkaloids in the ergot fungus, claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne, and also is believed to act as an inducer of the enzymes necessary for alkaloid production. the characteristics of the transport system responsible for the accumulation of tryptophan in ergot mycelium were investigated, with the goal of clarifying the complex relationships among tryptophan uptake, size of the free intracellular pool of tryptophan, and alkaloid production. t ... | 1973 | 4698208 |
| fine-structural localization of oxaloacetate-forming carboxylases in vacuoles of claviceps purpurea. | | 1981 | 7277567 |
| electron-cytochemical localization of phospho(enol)pyruvate carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.31) in fungal cells. | new cytochemical method, based on biochemical experiments, was elaborated for the ultrastructural localization of phospho(enol)pyruvate carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.31). the procedure was used to study the saprophytic submerged mycelium of the ascomycetous fungus claviceps purpurea tul. producing clavine alkaloids. the pelleted mycelium was fixed in ice cold 3% glutaraldehyde in 50 mm cacodylate buffer ph 7.2 and washed repeatedly in the same cold buffer the reaction mixture contained 100 mm tris-hcl b ... | 1980 | 7399980 |
| induction of sclerotialike mycelium in axenic cultures of claviceps purpurea producing clavine alkaloids. | | 1980 | 7407713 |
| tyrosine aminotransferase activity in a soluble extract of ergot fungus. | | 1971 | 4395903 |
| history of ergot alkaloids from ergotism to ergometrine. | epidemics of ergotism occurred frequently in the middle ages. they were a source of inspiration for artists and were popularly known as 'st. anthony's fire', resulting in gangrene, neurological diseases and death. it was caused by eating rye bread contaminated with the fungus claviceps purpurea. in 1582 it was described that a delivery could be hastened by administering a few spurs of the secale cornutum. the dosage was, however, very inaccurate resulting in frequent uterine ruptures. the nickna ... | 1995 | 7641960 |
| a mutualistic fungal symbiont of perennial ryegrass contains two different pyr4 genes, both expressing orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. | a fragment of the claviceps purpurea pyr4 gene, encoding orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (omp decarboxylase), was used to screen a genomic library from an isolate of a fungus, acremonium sp. (designated lp1), which grows as an endophyte in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). three positive clones, lambda mc11, lambda mc12 and lambda mc14, were isolated. two of these clones, lambda mc12 and lambda mc14, were overlapping clones from the same locus, while lambda mc11 was from a different ... | 1995 | 7789808 |
| the claviceps purpurea glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene: cloning, characterization, and use for the improvement of a dominant selection system. | the gpd 1 gene of claviceps purpurea coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was cloned and sequenced, including 1,800 bp of its 5' upstream region. this gene shows an identical structure to the gpd gene of podospora anserina and cryphonectria parasitica (one intron at an identical position) with high homology at both the dna and amino-acid levels. two fragments of the promoter spanning from the atg to -500 bp and to -1,400 bp were fused to the phleomycin-resistance gene. both constr ... | 1994 | 8087877 |
| pclk1 and pclt5--two linear mitochondrial plasmids from unrelated claviceps purpurea strains: a comparison. | pclt5, a linear mitochondrial (mt) plasmid from claviceps purpurea, strain t5, was sequenced and compared to pclk1, a linear mt plasmid from an unrelated c. purpurea strain. both plasmids have terminal proteins (tps) at their inverted terminal repeats (tlr). the tlrs of both plasmids show short conserved sequences, which are probably involved in plasmid transcription and replication. the coding capacity of pclt5 and pclk1 is similar: there are two large orfs (orf1 and orf2) homologous to the dna ... | 1993 | 8302935 |
| wasson's alternative candidates for soma. | citing recently published challenges to r. gordon wasson's identification of vedic soma as the psychoactive mushroom amanita muscaria (fly-agaric), this article reviews unpublished letters by wasson in which he considered and rejected other psychoactive plants as candidates, including the mint lagochilus inebrians, convolvulaceae (morning glory) seeds, the fungal parasite claviceps purpurea (ergot), and especially the psilocybin mushroom stropharia cubensis, known also as psilocybe cubensis. apa ... | 1993 | 8377083 |
| proteinases of various claviceps purpurea strains. | extra- and intracellular proteinases from various claviceps purpurea strains grown in submerged culture have been studied. a maximum level of intracellular proteinases was observed on the 6th day of culture growth, whereas extracellular activity continued to increase throughout the culture growth. proteinases were purified and characterized. the ergotamine strain secreted one aspartic and two serine proteinases, whereas from the disrupted mycelium only the aspartic proteinase could be isolated. ... | 1986 | 3555474 |
| the fungal teratogen secalonic acid d is an inhibitor of protein kinase c and of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase. | the teratogenic metabolite secalonic acid d deriving from the ergot-producing, rye-infecting ascomycete fungus claviceps purpurea and from penicillum oxalicum is an inhibitor of ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c (pkc) and of the catalytic subunit of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (cak) (c50 values 15 microm and 12 microm, respectively). secalonic acid d also inhibits ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (mlck) and plant ca2+-dependent protein kinase (cdpk). th ... | 1996 | 8657739 |
| the isoprenoid pathway: cloning and characterization of fungal fpps genes. | farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (fpps) is a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis. several classes of essential metabolites, including sterols, quinones, carotenoids and gibberellins, are terpenoids with high biological activity. the structural gene for fpp synthase was isolated from two ascomycete fungi, neurospora crassa and gibberella fujikuroi. a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of both fpps genes revealed the presence of introns at the same positions at the 5' end of the codi ... | 1996 | 8753652 |
| multistep reactions with immobilized microorganisms. | this review presents some examples of new semicontinuous and continuous processes for product formation and for degradation of xenobiotics with immobilized microorganisms. a semicontinuous process for glycerol formation with saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, adsorbed on sintered glass, and a continuous production of citric acid with aspergillus niger, entrapped in calcium alginate, are given as examples of the production of primary metabolites. the production of ergot alkaloids with entrapped clav ... | 1988 | 3289565 |
| [disease and depression of productivity in raising swine caused by mycotoxins]. | mycotoxins are natural substances, which are poisonous for man and animals. mycotoxicological investigations, carried out from 1982 to 1986, showed that aflatoxins (b1, b2, g1, g2), trichothecenes (t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and deoxynivalenol) ochratoxin a and zearalenone are to be expected in feedstuffs. further, sclerotia of claviceps purpurea were found in cereals repeatedly, which demonstrates that also ergot alkaloids can be found in feedst ... | 1988 | 2966996 |
| subacute toxicity of ergometrine maleate in rats. | ergot alkaloids, produced by the fungus claviceps purpurea, are found in small amounts in foodstuffs. the human disease ergotism, caused by high intake of ergot alkaloids, is well known; however, little is known about the toxicity of these compounds. the subacute toxicity of an ergot alkaloid, ergometrine maleate, was therefore studied. sprague-dawley rats were treated with 0, 2, 10, 50 and 250 mg ergometrine maleate/kg diet for 4 wk. plasma glucose levels were decreased in females at 50 and 250 ... | 1996 | 9012769 |
| cel1, probably encoding a cellobiohydrolase lacking the substrate binding domain, is expressed in the initial infection phase of claviceps purpurea on secale cereale. | at the host-pathogen interface of hyphae penetrating host cell walls in the rye ovary, a lack of cellulase-gold labeling of beta-1, 4-glucan in host cell walls indicates that enzymatic degradation of cellulose might be an important factor during the infection of rye by claviceps purpurea. using cbh1 from trichoderma reesei as a probe, a putative cellulase gene (cel1) was isolated from a genomic library of the c. purpurea strain t5. the coding region of 1,616 bp contains two introns and a putativ ... | 1997 | 9057332 |
| cutaneous ergotism in a herd of dairy calves. | weather conditions in northern illinois favored infection of pasture grasses with claviceps purpurea. a herd of 52 holstein heifers selectively grazed the seedheads of an orchard grassbromegrass pasture infected with c purpurea and were poisoned. peptide alkaloids were found in the sclerotia. clinical signs of intoxication included lameness, edema of the hind limbs, epilation, areas of skin necrosis, and diarrhea. pathologic findings included myopachynsis of arterioles in the deep dermal areas, ... | 1989 | 2921208 |
| mechanism of alkaloid cyclopeptide synthesis in the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | previous analyses of the biosynthesis of the alkaloid cyclopeptides from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea were hampered by a lack of suitable systems for study in vitro, and this led to conflicting results concerning the mechanism of alkaloid cyclopeptide formation. recently, d-lysergyl peptide synthetase (lps) of the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea, which assembles the non-cyclol precursors of the ergopeptines, has been partially purified and shown to consist of two polypeptide chains of 370 ... | 1997 | 9115414 |
| d-lysergic acid activation and cell-free synthesis of d-lysergyl peptides in enzyme fractions from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | the d-lysergic acid activating enzyme from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea was purified to near homogeneity. it has a native mr of about 245,000 and in its denatured form is a single polypeptide chain of mr 62,000. the enzyme catalyzes the atp-pyrophosphate exchange reaction dependent on d-lysergic acid and, though much less, that dependent on dihydrolysergic acid. western blot analysis of sds electropherograms of crude protein extracts from c. purpurea using monospecific antibodies directed ... | 1988 | 2847788 |
| structure determination and synthesis of lysine isopeptides influencing on cell proliferation. | the clavicepamines are lysine-rich basic proteins isolated from saprophytic culture of ergot (claviceps purpurea), having human pharmacological importance. based on structure determinations, it was demonstrated that the epsilon-lysine (poly)peptides are the fundamental structural units of clavicepamines. to study the relationship between chemical structure and biological effect, solution and solid-phase synthesis of lysine isopeptides were performed. poly-epsilon-lysines were synthesized with po ... | 1997 | 9279124 |
| [toxicologic risk assessment and prevention: rational and irrational approaches]. | worldwide, the management and evaluation of risks caused by chemical compounds are handled by the aid of threshold concentrations below of which one can be sure that no biological effect whatsoever can be observed. at the working place, we use the maximally tolerated concentration of the chemicals (mak) and, in addition, the biologically tolerated concentrations (btc) of the compounds either in blood or in other body fluids to which a male and/or female worker is exposed. these threshold concent ... | 1996 | 9409918 |
| two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy: a new tool for on-line bioprocess monitoring. | two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is presented as a new method for bioprocess monitoring. it covers a wide range of excitation and emission wavelengths and is a further development of the fluorescence measurements performed so far, which concentrated mainly on nad(p)h culture fluorescence. biogenic fluorophores such as proteins, coenzymes, and vitamins can simultaneously be detected qualitatively and quantitatively inside and outside the cells. this optical method is noninvasive, suitabl ... | 1998 | 9496670 |
| induction of heat stress in beef cattle by feeding the ergots of claviceps purpurea. | two groups of 4 hereford steers were housed in a controlled environment room and exposed to simulated high summer temperatures. both groups were fed a barley grain and hay diet ad libitum. the barley in one diet contained 0.5% w/w ergots of claviceps purpurea. within one week of feeding the ergot diet mean rectal temperature was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) each afternoon (up to 41 degrees c) but returned to normal overnight. elevated rectal temperature was accompanied by other sign ... | 1989 | 2590138 |
| mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi on cereal grains in western canada. | toxins occasionally present on cereal grains in the field in western canada include ergot alkaloids produced by claviceps purpurea and trichothecenes produced by fusarium species, particularly fusarium sporotrichiodes and fusarium graminearum. ht-2 toxin, t-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol are the main trichothecenes encountered. during storage of cereals, the predominant toxins and toxigenic fungi are ochratoxin a and citrinin produced by penicillium aurantiogriseum, p. chrysogen ... | 1990 | 2200591 |
| cloning, characterization, and targeted disruption of cpcat1, coding for an in planta secreted catalase of claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea has been shown to secrete catalases in axenic and parasitic culture. in order to determine the importance of these enzymes in the host-parasite interaction, especially their role in overcoming oxidative stress imposed on the pathogen by the plant's defense system, the catr gene from a. niger was used to isolate a putative catalase gene from a genomic library of c. purpurea, cpcat1 consists of an open reading frame of 2,148 bp that is interrupted by five introns. its derived ge ... | 1998 | 9675893 |
| some consequences of the ingestion by young and growing pigs of feed contaminated with ergot. | growing pigs were fed freshly milled ergot sclerotia (claviceps purpurea fr (tul)) from north american wheat containing 0-31 per cent of total alkaloids of which 30 per cent was ergotoxine, 30 per cent ergosine, 20 per cent ergotamine and 20 per cent other ergot alkaloids. pigs were induced to ingest a diet heavily contaminated with ergot (10 per cent w/w). the presence of ergot reduced feed intake and growth of the pigs, but there was no evidence of peripheral necrosis, of internal or external ... | 1976 | 1257629 |
| cytochemical detection of polysaccharides on the surface of the cell membrane complex in fungi. | cytochemical staining in toto (periodic acid, thiosemicarbazide, oso4) revealed the presence of polysaccharide lamellae on the surface of the cell membrane complex of fungi. the membraneous clusters in the vacuolar bodies of claviceps purpurea were covered with these lamellae at both surfaces, as it was also the case with the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, the tonoplast and the cytoplasmic membrane. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the polysaccharide lamellae were visible on the surface of the end ... | 1975 | 1098601 |
| ergoline derivatives: receptor affinity and selectivity. | ergot comprises a group of indole alkaloids which are predominantly found in various species of the ascomycete claviceps. in pharmacopoeias, the sclerotia of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tulasne parasitizing on rye, secale cereale l., are designed as ergot or secale cornutum. now, the term ergot is used in a broader sense to describe the sclerotia of various claviceps species growing on different host plants or their saprophytic mycelia. due to their many fascinating features, there is a continuing ... | 1999 | 10418123 |
| ergot alkaloids. vi. nitrogen metabolism during the development of sclerotium of claviceps purpurea. | the developmental transition of ergot from the sphacelial to the sclerotial phase is accompanied by marked changes in morphology, growth and metabolism. the production of alkaloids is paralleled by a concomitant protein synthesis, a decline in the contents of both total n and p, and an attendant rise in the value of the n/p ratio. the total level of free amino acids drops with proceeding development of the sclerotium. the most conspicuous drop, observed at the beginning of the production phase, ... | 1976 | 992506 |
| chemoraces and habitat specialization of claviceps purpurea populations. | we studied genetic variability of 100 isolates of claviceps purpurea by using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), an ecori restriction site polymorphism in the 5.8s ribosomal dna (rdna), the alkaloids produced, and conidial morphology. we identified three groups: (i) group g1 from fields and open meadows (57 isolates), (ii) group g2 from shady or wet habitats (41 isolates), and (iii) group g3 from spartina anglica from salt marshes (2 isolates). the sclerotia of g1 isolates contained ergo ... | 2000 | 11097923 |
| a method of preparation and application of nitrous acid as a mutagen in claviceps purpurea. | a simple and speedy procedure is described for the preparation and application of nitrous acid in mutagenic experiments. the conventional incubation mixture of sodium nitrite solution with acetate buffer is replaced by an aqueous solution of nitrous acid prepared by running a solution of sodium nitrite through a column of ion exchange. the procedure eliminates also the interference of other substances. experimental appraisal of the technique was done during the mutagenic improval of the fungus ... | 1976 | 992505 |
| elimination of ergovaline from a grass-neotyphodium endophyte symbiosis by genetic modification of the endophyte. | the fungal endophytes neotyphodium lolii and neotyphodium sp. lp1 from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and related endophytes in other grasses, produce the ergopeptine toxin ergovaline, among other alkaloids, while also increasing plant fitness and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. in the related fungus, claviceps purpurea, the biosynthesis of ergopeptines requires the activities of two peptide synthetases, lps1 and lps2. a peptide synthetase gene hypothesized to be important for erg ... | 2001 | 11592979 |
| [stimulatory effect of sodium deoxycholate on alpha-ergocryptine productivity of claviceps purpurea 94002 (ekpn94002)]. | the stimulation of sodium deoxycholate (sdc) on alpha-ergocryptine production of claviceps purpurea strain 94002 (ekpn94002) was investigated. preliminary results indicated that sdc, as a stimulator and at appropriate concentrations, could obviously increase the extracellular and the total production levels of the ergot alkaloid. satisfied results were obtained when 6.0 mg.l-1 of sdc was present in the seed and fermentation media. the possible mechanism was discussed. | 1997 | 11596316 |
| association of insects and ergot (claviceps purpurea) in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields. | insects in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields in oregon, idaho, and washington were sampled just before harvest and their association with ergot conidia of claviceps purpurea fr. (tul.) was evaluated during 1996-1998. a diversity of insects was observed at all three locations. the most abundant beneficial insects collected with sweep nets were nysium spp., nabis spp., ichneumonid wasps, and hippodamia spp. the cranberry girdler, chrysoteuchia topiaria (zeller), was the only important pest ... | 2001 | 11777051 |
| differentiation of claviceps purpurea in axenic culture. | the growth form of a strain of claviceps purpurea in axenic culture has been controlled by the amino nitrogen source. within the pairs asparagine/aspartic acid or glutamine/glutamic acid the amide promoted sphacelial growth of the colony whereas the acid supported differentiation of plectenchymatic sclerotial tissue and synthesis of ergot alkaloids. sclerotial colonies showed purple pigmentation. the mycelium had a greater lipid content, rich in ricinoleic acid, and sporulation was much less tha ... | 1976 | 932681 |
| the biotrophic, non-appressorium-forming grass pathogen claviceps purpurea needs a fus3/pmk1 homologous mitogen-activated protein kinase for colonization of rye ovarian tissue. | claviceps purpurea is a common pathogen of a wide range of grasses and cereals that is able to establish a stable, balanced interaction with its host plant and is considered a biotroph. it does not form special penetration structures such as appressoria. to study the signaling processes involved in this special host-pathogen interaction, we have cloned a gene, cpmk1, encoding a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase that shows significant homology to fus3 of saccharomyces cerevisiae and to pmk1 ... | 2002 | 12026168 |
| polygalacturonase is a pathogenicity factor in the claviceps purpurea/rye interaction. | claviceps purpurea is a biotrophic, organ-specific pathogen of grasses and cereals, attacking exclusively young ovaries. we have previously shown that its mainly intercellular growth is accompanied by degradation of pectin, and that two endopolygalacturonase genes (cppg1/cppg2) are expressed throughout all stages of infection. we report here on a functional analysis of these genes using a gene-replacement approach. mutants lacking both polygalacturonase genes are not affected in their vegetative ... | 2002 | 12135573 |
| agalactia in mares fed with grain contaminated with claviceps purpurea. | this article reports an outbreak of intoxication of female horses with claviceps purpurea in southern brazil. the outbreak affected twelve pregnant mares which were fed with black oat (avena strigosa) during the pre-delivery period. underdevelopment of the mammary gland in the pre-delivery period resulting in post-delivery agalactia was the most pronounced finding. these mares delivered weak and unviable foals, which showed no suckling reflex and died within a few hours of birth. laboratory anal ... | 2002 | 12206321 |
| comparison of different setups for one- and two-dimensional capillary high-performance liquid chromatography and pressurized capillary electrochromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry. | a comparison of different separation methods (high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), capillary hplc (chplc) and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pcec)) coupled on-line with mass spectrometry (ms) is undertaken using the separation of a crude extract of ergot fungus (secalis cornuti) as an example. new and simple setups for a two-dimensional chplc coupled on-line with electrospray ionization (esi)-ms (2d-chplc-ms) as well as for capillary size-exclusion chromatography performe ... | 2002 | 12207303 |
| cpmk2, an slt2-homologous mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase, is essential for pathogenesis of claviceps purpurea on rye: evidence for a second conserved pathogenesis-related map kinase cascade in phytopathogenic fungi. | cpmk2, encoding a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase from the ascomycete claviceps purpurea, is an orthologue of slt2 from saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first isolated from a biotrophic, non-appressorium-forming pathogen. deletion mutants obtained by a gene replacement approach show impaired vegetative properties (no conidiation) and a significantly reduced virulence, although they retain a limited ability to colonize the host tissue. increased sensitivity to protoplasting enzymes indicates ... | 2002 | 12406210 |
| [isolation of the ergot (claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul., strain vkm-f-366d), producing the lactamic alkaloid ergocornam]. | a new ergot strain vkm-f-3662d producing lactamic alkaloid ergocornam with concomitant alkaloids valinamide and ergometrine was isolated during selective works with sclerotium ms-462, which was obtained from ergocryptine ergot strain vkm-f-2642d. the structure of these alkaloids was determined by 1h and 13c nmr. | 2002 | 12449796 |
| an analysis associating the presence of claviceps purpurea in grassland with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. | we introduce our paper by briefly outlining how we came to the conclusion that neurons in the brain and cells in other tissues can be killed by high intracellular concentrations of calcium ions (ca(2+)). the life cycle of claviceps purpurea is then described before theoretical information is drawn upon which indicates that ergot alkaloids can inactivate alpha adrenergic receptors for noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerve terminals. we deduce that inhibition of these receptors by ergot al ... | 2003 | 12615522 |
| [neurological syndromes associated with the ingestion of plants and fungi with a toxic component (ii). hallucinogenic fungi and plants, mycotoxins and medicinal herbs]. | a wide range of fungi and medicinal herbs, rich in hallucinogenic substances and widely used for mystic and medicinal purposes, can give rise to neurotoxic symptoms. | 2003 | 12766871 |
| hyperthermic syndrome in dairy cattle associated with consumption of ergots of claviceps purpurea in southern brazil. | a hyperthermic syndrome (hs) associated with consumption of ration contaminated with claviceps purpurea is described in 4 dairy cattle herds from different counties in the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil. outbreaks of this mycotoxicosis occurred during the summer of 1999-2000 and autumn of 2002 when 25% to 70% of cattle from those herds were affected. the disease occurred after the introduction of a new batch of feed contaminated with sclerotia of c. purpurea. first clinical signs we ... | 2003 | 12776790 |
| convulsive ergotism: epidemics of the serotonin syndrome? | between 1085 and 1927, epidemics of "convulsive ergotism" were widespread east of the rhine in europe due to consumption of grain contaminated with ergot, which is produced by the fungus claviceps purpurea. west of the rhine, consumption of ergot-contaminated food caused epidemics of gangrenous ergotism. the clinical features of convulsive ergotism--muscle twitching and spasms, changes in mental state, hallucinations, sweating, and fever lasting for several weeks--suggest serotonergic overstimul ... | 2003 | 12849122 |
| purcopia, a ty1-copia truncated retroelement in the genome of claviceps purpurea. | truncated copy of reverse transcriptase of ty1/copia retroelement (purcopia) was found as part of the species-specific rapd 257(540) marker of claviceps purpurea. a region of 94 bp with 78.9% identity to an unannotated region of the genomic clone of the rice blast fungus pyricularia grisea (accession no. aq162050) was found at the 5' end of the pseudogene. comparison with database sequences revealed that purcopia is close to the plant retroelements represented by tto1, ta1-3 and bare-1, whereas ... | 2003 | 12879745 |
| better biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids. | different culture media containing different effectors for production of ergot-alkaloids were prepared. the culture media were inoculated with equal mycelia of claviceps purpurea and some were incubated for 22 days and some incubated for 45 days. the medium that contained a mixture of glucose, glycine and tryptophan showed highest yield of the alkaloids and reached the maximum period for production of agroclavine faster. | 2003 | 12918229 |
| further studies concerning the toxicity of ingested ergot sclerotia (claviceps purpurea) to young and growing pigs. | in three experiments pigs were offered diets contaminated with milled ergot sclerotia. in a metabolism study 0-5 per cent (w/w) of american wheat ergot decreased urinary nitrogen losses and improved the efficiency of nitrogen retention. when early weaned piglets ingested a diet contaminated with 2-5 per cent of the ergot, feed intake was reduced and growth rate decreased. reduction in growth rate was also evident in growing pigs given a diet containing ergotised english wheat. these latter pigs ... | 1977 | 860090 |
| the culture of claviceps purpurea. i. growth and nutrition in submerged culture. | | 1952 | 12999625 |
| tryptophan synthesis in claviceps purpurea. | | 1953 | 13076211 |
| [photometric determination of alkaloids in claviceps purpurea]. | | 1953 | 13082538 |
| [variability of alkaloid content of claviceps purpurea in oberlausitz, germany]. | | 1953 | 13088284 |
| [quantity and distribution of alkaloids in sclerotium of claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1953 | 13111882 |
| the use of certain rye homogenates for supporting growth of claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne. | | 1954 | 13151977 |
| the culture of claviceps purpurea. ii. preliminary metabolism studies. | | 1954 | 13151978 |
| the culture of claviceps purpurea. iii. tryptophan metabolism. | | 1954 | 13151979 |
| [culture of claviceps purpurea tul.; method of obtaining of infection material]. | | 1954 | 13191346 |
| [preparation of tinctures and decoctions. i. preparation of aqueous extracts from arctostaphylos leaves, valerian root, and claviceps purpurea]. | | 1954 | 13218565 |
| [contribution to the pharmacognostic study of claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1954 | 13231900 |
| [rhizome nodes of helianthus tuberosus, a good nutrient base for the culture of fungi, especially claviceps purpurea]. | | 1955 | 13245394 |
| [role of the nervous system in sympatholytic action of claviceps purpurea alkaloids]. | | 1955 | 13248576 |
| [cultivation of claviceps purpurea]. | | 1955 | 13253027 |
| influence of certain chemicals on the growth and alkaloid formation of claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne in artificial culture. | | 1955 | 13278239 |
| the parasitic growth of claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne on rye and its relation to alkaloid formation. | | 1955 | 13278240 |
| role of ergothioneine and catalase in infection by ergot fungus (claviceps purpurea tul.). | | 1956 | 13288606 |
| [problems of species and strains of the ergot claviceps purpurea tulasne]. | | 1955 | 13310248 |
| a note on the metabolism of lysergic acid by claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne. | | 1956 | 13319156 |
| [contributions on saprophytic culture of claviceps purpurea tul. in connection with alkaloid formation]. | | 1956 | 13340915 |
| production of ergothioneine by claviceps purpurea in defined culture. | | 1956 | 13341065 |
| the biosynthesis of ergothioneine and histidine by claviceps purpurea. i. the incorporation of [2-14c]acetate. | | 1956 | 13382810 |
| [formation of ergometrine in saprophitic cultures of claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1956 | 13395920 |
| biosynthesis of ergothioneine by claviceps purpurea. ii. incorporation of [35s]methionine and the non-utilization of [2(ring)-14c]histamine. | | 1957 | 13403896 |
| a nutritional study of three strains of claviceps purpurea (fr). tul. | | 1957 | 13404544 |
| in vitro production of ergot alkaloids by cultures of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | | 1957 | 13404550 |
| [study of the development of sphacelia segetum, a conidial phase of claviceps purpurea in various culture media]. | | 1957 | 13427783 |
| [production of strains of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. forming peptide alkaloids in vivo]. | | 1957 | 13432734 |
| [nuclear staining of cell nuclei of ergot fungus (claviceps purpurea tul.). in various developmental phases]. | | 1957 | 13457802 |
| biosynthesis of ergothioneine by claviceps purpurea. 3. the incorporation of labelled histidine. | | 1958 | 13522637 |
| the culture of claviceps purpurea. iv. lipogenesis. | | 1958 | 13587302 |
| some factors influencing the saprophytic production of clavine alkaloids by claviceps purpurea. | | 1958 | 13587319 |
| electron-cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase in saprophytic claviceps purpurea. | p-nitrophenylphosphate in combination with lead salt technique was used for the cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) in saprophytic submerged culture of claviceps purpurea tul. the lead reaction product was found in capsular fibrils, in the newly formed parts of the cell wall and in the vacuoles of aged cells (autolysosomes). phosphatase activity was present also in particulate intra-cytoplasmatic organelles. the concentric layering of lead deposits in these organelles indi ... | 1977 | 836124 |
| fungal exudates. | the exudates or liquid droplets on various structures of a number of fungi were examined. the droplets were enveloped in membranous material and were associated with actively growing mycelia, including fruiting structures. osmium tetroxide vapour-fixed droplets of claviceps purpurea, myrothecium roridum, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotium rolfsii, and thanathephorus cucumeris did not dry to a powder but remained intact as spheres when freeze-dried. fractured spheres, examined with the scanning ... | 1978 | 728849 |
| electron-microscopic localization of acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase in cells of claviceps purpurea. | | 1979 | 42633 |
| role of organic acid metabolism in the biosynthesis of peptide ergot alkaloids. | regulatory mechanism of primary metabolism responsible for the biosynthesis of peptide ergot alkaloids was proposed on the basis of experimental results from the production phase of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. in parasitic and saprophytic cultures. the production-phase metabolism is characterized by uncoupling of glycolysis from the citric acid cycle and by a break in this cycle at the level of the 2-exoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. this regulation is due to the inhibition by citrate and ma ... | 1981 | 7262710 |
| suspected ergotism in two heifers. | a syndrome similar to gangrenous ergotism was seen in 2 friesian heifers grazing meadow hay containing perennial rye grass seed heads parasited by an ergot presumed to be claviceps purpurea. clinical signs were bilateral hind limb lameness and gangrene. there was angiographic evidence of vasoconstriction in the lower hind limbs with necrosis of all tissues in the distal region of both hind limbs. | 1983 | 6651668 |
| influence of tryptophan and related compounds on ergot alkaloid formation in claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | l-tryptophan did not exert any influence on peptide alkaloid formation in an ergotamine and in an ergosine-accumulating c. purpurea strain. a different picture was observed in a series of related c. purpurea strains. tryptophan showed a slight stimulatory effect on the ergotoxine producer pepty 695/s. a blocked mutant of it, designated as pepty 695/ch which was able to accumulate secoclavines gave similar results. in a high-yielding elymoclavine strain pepty 695/e, the progeny of the former one, ... | 1984 | 6523908 |
| extracellular metabolism of sucrose in a submerged culture of claviceps purpurea: formation of monosaccharides and clavine alkaloids. | transformation of extracellular sucrose during cultivation of claviceps purpurea led to the formation of mono- and oligosaccharides. maltose was a suitable substrate for submerged fermentation of alkaloids. fermentation in a medium with maltose was characterized by an insignificant formation of glucans, intensive sporulation, suspension growth of mycelium, and a higher formation of elymoclavine. glucose alone yielded low levels of total alkaloids and high glucan formation; on the other hand, glu ... | 1984 | 6508291 |
| [on the influence of various nutrient media on the polymorphism and sporulation of claviceps purpurea strains]. | | 1965 | 5876679 |
| the claviceps purpurea gene encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the committed step for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. | the first pathway-specific step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in the fungus, claviceps purpurea, is catalyzed by the prenyltransferase, 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase. partial sequence information was obtained for the purified enzyme and a degenerate oligonucleotide mixture was used to identify and amplify segments of the gene, dmaw. the complete gene and near-full-length cdna were cloned and sequenced. the cdna was cloned in a yeast expression vector in sense and antisense or ... | 1995 | 7488077 |
| morphogenesis and ultrastructure of claviceps purpurea during submerged alkaloid formation. | criteria for morphogenetic and ultrastructural distinction between conidia and chlamydospores of a submerged culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. are described. both the hyphae of the sphacelia (asexual) stage and the conidia contained granular cytoplasm. cytoplasmic invaginations in vacuoles were transformed to electron-opaque bodies and disintegrated prior to germination. the budding of conidia had basipetal succession. the chlamydospores were formed by rounding up the terminal cells of fi ... | 1974 | 4436258 |
| interaction between mitochondrial dna and mitochondrial plasmids in claviceps purpurea: analysis of plasmid-homologous sequences upstream of the lrrna-gene. | homology of two linear, mitochondrial (mt) claviceps purpurea plasmids, pclk1 and pclt5, to the upstream region of the large ribosomal rna gene in the mtdna of three strains (w3, t5 and k) has been investigated in detail to explore the widespread phenomenon of homology between mt plasmids and mtdna in c. purpurea. sequence comparison indicates that recombination between free plasmids and mtdna is the cause of the observed homology. the process is similar to the integration of the structurally re ... | 1993 | 8467529 |
| developmental studies of claviceps paspali seed cultures for the submerged production of lysergic acid derivatives. | metabolic pattern of mycelial claviceps paspali seed cultures during the submerged cultivation was established. by comparing it with conidial and mycelial claviceps purpurea strains it was found that the biosynthesis of rna, dna, and proteins followed a similar course in all claviceps strains, so the fall of rna content in mycelium may be considered a general biochemical indicator for optimally developed inoculum. but, two different patterns of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were observed one ... | 1986 | 3572742 |
| d-lysergyl peptide synthetase from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea produces the medically important ergopeptines, which consist of a cyclol-structured tripeptide and d-lysergic acid linked by an amide bond. an enzyme activity capable of non-ribosomal synthesis of d-lysergyl-l-alanyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-proline lactam, the non-cyclol precursor of the ergopeptine ergotamine, has been purified about 18-fold from the ergotamine-producing c. purpurea strain d1. analysis of radioactively labeled enzyme-substrate complexes revealed a 3 ... | 1996 | 8910337 |
| detection of ergot (claviceps purpurea) in a dairy feed component by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. | a dairy feed that contained barley malt screenings caused hyperthermia in dairy cattle. the feed was suspected of containing ergot and was subsequently analyzed to determine the ricinoleate component, a special and prominent feature of oil-rich ergot tissue. triglyceride oil was extracted by organic solvents from the dairy feed, and the oil was saponified to release fatty acids. ricinoleate, as a methyl ester, was selectively resolved from other fatty acids by silica gel chromatography and was a ... | 1996 | 8961105 |
| ergotism and photosensitization in swine produced by the combined ingestion of claviceps purpurea sclerotia and ammi majus seeds. | poisoning of domestic animals happens frequently in the southeast of buenos aires province (argentina). intoxications are produced mainly by the ingestion of plants and mycotoxins, but animals are rarely affected simultaneously by both types of agents. one herd of pigs suffered simultaneous intoxications by ergot alkaloids from claviceps purpurea sclerotia and furocoumarins from ammi majus seeds. pigs were fed a diet composed of wheat (poor quality) or corn and protein and vitamin supplements. t ... | 1997 | 9087928 |
| the structures of triacylglycerols from sclerotia of the rye ergot claviceps purpurea (fries) tul. | the triacylglycerol fraction of lipids extracted from sclerotia of the rye ergot claviceps purpurea strain vkm f-2642d has been shown to comprise about 60% of the total lipids and to consist of at least seven constituents, namely, [r]-[r]-[r] (1.6% of the total fraction), [r-ric]-[r]-[r] (27%), [r-ric]-[r-ric]-[r] (65%), [r-ric]-[r-ric]-[r-ric] (4.8%), [r-ric-ric]-[r-ric]-[r-ric] (1.1%), [r-ric-ric]-[r-ric-ric]-[r-ric] (0.3%), and [r-ric-ric-ric]-[r-ric-ric]-[r-ric-ric] (0.2%) (acyl residues at ... | 1997 | 9149387 |
| presence of peptide synthetase gene transcripts and accumulation of ergopeptines in claviceps purpurea and neotyphodium coenophialum. | the production of toxic ergopeptine alkaloids by the fungi claviceps purpurea and neotyphodium coenophialum involves the activity of one or more nonribosomal peptide synthetases. claviceps purpurea and n. coenophialum each have several different peptide synthetase genes, fragments of which have been cloned previously. an additional claviceps purpurea peptide synthetase gene was cloned by hydridization with one of the n. coenophialum peptide synthetase gene fragments. we detected the presence of ... | 1998 | 9546869 |
| nonradioactive in situ hybridization for detection of hydrophobin mrna in the phytopathogenic fungus claviceps purpurea during infection of rye. | hydrophobins are unique fungal extracellular proteins that produce amphipathic films at interfaces, mediate contact to hydrophobic surfaces and are known to be important in phytopathogenicity. in the pathogenic ascomycete claviceps purpurea, causing ergot disease in grasses and cereals and ergotism in livestock, a gene encoding an extraordinary type of hydrophobin has been detected, which appeared to be induced during alkaloid synthesis in axenic culture of an ergot-alkaloid producing strain of ... | 1998 | 9587058 |
| effect of fungal alkaloids on the development of pregnancy and endocrine foetal-placental function in the goat. | the response to claviceps purpurea sclerotia administration in pregnant goats was examined in terms of changes in the levels of plasma hormones, the development of pregnancy and kid production. six treated goats were each given 15 mg milled sclerotia (i.e. 0.105 mg ergotamine) per kilogram live weight twice daily via a stomach tube from days 98 +/- 2 to 107 +/- 2 of gestation. seven control goats were given water twice daily via a stomach tube during the same period of gestation. the goats were ... | 1998 | 9821503 |