| physicochemical and serological characterization of rice alpha-amylase isoforms and identification of their corresponding genes. | we have identified, purified, and characterized 10 alpha-amylase isoforms from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells having different isoelectric point values. they had distinguishable optimum temperatures for enzymatic activity and molecular sizes. the results of immunoblotting indicated that polyclonal anti-a + b antibodies bound well to isoforms a, b, y, and z but weakly or not at all to e, f, g, h, i, and j. however, the anti-a + b antibodies inhibited the enzyme activities of onl ... | 1996 | 8934629 |
| [the goal-oriented project "pathology of environmental pollutants" (m.u.r.s.t. 40%)]. | the purpose of this study was to estimate to toxicity bound to effluent water, pore water and bed sediment sampled twice during 1994 (spring and autumn) from 16 tributaries of po river. toxicity was determined by using a battery of bioassays (artemia salina, dugesiagonocephala and thamnocephalus platyurus) and a battery of phytoassays, including oryza sativa and triticum sativum. results show that practically no toxicity is found in effluent water, mild adverse effects are obtained with sediment ... | 1995 | 8991825 |
| t-dna integration into genomic dna of rice following agrobacterium inoculation of isolated shoot apices. | this paper establishes that the isolated shoot meristem of monocotyledons can be infected and transformed using agrobacterium. since this explant from nearly any cereal cultivar can rapidly regenerate into a plant, using this explant effectively eliminates the genotype regeneration restrictions to cereal crop transformation allowing direct transformation of elite germplasm. shoot apices of oryza sativa l. tropical japonica, cv. maybelle were explants used for cocultivation, and gene transfer was ... | 1996 | 9002612 |
| structure, chromosomal location and expression of a rice gene encoding the microsome omega-3 fatty acid desaturase. | the omega-3 fatty acid desaturases are membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in lipids, and are located both in the microsome and plastid envelopes as two different isoforms. a cdna encoding the microsome omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (osfad3) and the corresponding genomic clone were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). the osfad3 gene was composed of 8 exons and 7 introns. a microsatellite was present in the second exon of the osfad3 gene, showing ... | 1997 | 9049269 |
| expression, secretion, and processing of rice alpha-amylase in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. | the gene encoding rice alpha-amylase in oryza sativa was expressed in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica, which is a potential host system for heterologous protein expression. for efficient secretion, the strong and inducible xpr2 promoter was used in the construction of four kinds of expression vectors with the following configurations between the xpr2 promoter and terminator: 1) xpr2 prepro-region-rice alpha-amylase coding sequence, 2) rice alpha-amylase signal peptide-rice alpha-amylase coding seq ... | 1997 | 9054373 |
| chloroplast dna variability in wild and cultivated rice (oryza spp.) revealed by polymorphic chloroplast simple sequence repeats. | short mononucleotide repeats analogous to nuclear microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in chloroplast genomes. primers flanking mononucleotide repeats in the fully sequenced rice chloroplast genome have been used in conjunction with pcr to amplify genomic dna from 42 wild rice accessions. the amplification products exhibited length polymorphism, which allowed the levels of chloroplast variability detected to be quantified. seven primer pairs that amplified produ ... | 1997 | 9061917 |
| differential expression of a cak (cdc2-activating kinase)-like protein kinase, cyclins and cdc2 genes from rice during the cell cycle and in response to gibberellin. | progress through the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent cdc2 protein kinases. in rice (oryza sativa l), two cdc2 protein kinases, cdc2os-1 and cdc2os-2, and two cyclins, cycos1 and cycos2, have been described. in this study, we report on the cell-cycle phase-specific expression of these genes. using partially synchronized suspension cells from rice, we found that cdc2os-1 was expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle. the cdc2os-2 transcript level was elevated in g1 ... | 1997 | 9076986 |
| the root hair defective3 gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with gtp-binding motifs and is required for regulated cell enlargement in arabidopsis. | in plants, morphogenesis is largely determined by the orientation and extent of cell enlargement. to define the molecular mechanisms regulating plant cell enlargement, we have conducted a molecular genetic analysis of the root hair defective3 (rhd3) gene of arabidopsis thaliana. mutations affecting the rhd3 gene were found to alter cell size, but not cell number, in tissues throughout the plant. genetic and physiological analyses suggest that the rhd3 gene is not required for proper cell type sp ... | 1997 | 9087433 |
| structure of the rice glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) gene. | we have isolated the gene encoding a glutaredoxin in rice (oryza sativa l.) and determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of about a 4.2 kb long. the cloned gene (grasc8) was found to contain four exons interrupted by three introns. the first exon begins the atg translation start codon and the four exons code for a protein composed of 112 amino acids. the tetrapeptide -cys-pro-phe-cys- [-cys-pro-phe(tyr)-cys-] which constitutes an active site of escherichia coli and mammalian glutaredoxins, was co ... | 1997 | 9099854 |
| cloning and characterization of the osnramp family from oryza sativa, a new family of membrane proteins possibly implicated in the transport of metal ions. | the mammalian nramp1 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed exclusively in macrophages, where it plays a critical role in the ability of these cells to destroy ingested microbes. the bactericidal mechanism of action of nramp1 remains unknown. we report the identification and characterization of cdna clones corresponding to three homologues of the mammalian nramp1 gene from the genome of oryza sativa, osnramp1, osnramp2, and osnramp3. these three genes encode a novel group of highly si ... | 1997 | 9154989 |
| molecular characterization of a rab-related small gtp binding protein cdna from rice (oryza sativa l. ir-36). | to study physiological roles of plant small gtp binding proteins, we isolated a cdna clone (orrab2) encoding the rab-related small gtp binding protein from rice (oryza sativa l. ir-36) by using human cdna rab2 as a probe. the deduced amino acid sequence of the orrab2 gene shared all the conserved regions, important for gtpase/gtp binding activities, with those of other small gtp binding proteins. orrab2 is a 1028 bp long cdna, encodes a 23.2 kda protein which shows 85.2% similarity on the amino ... | 1997 | 9163737 |
| biochemical characteristics of a rice (oryza sativa l., ir36) g-protein alpha-subunit expressed in escherichia coli. | a cdna encoding the alpha-subunit of the heterotrimeric g-protein in rice (rga1) was overexpressed in escherichia coli and then isolated by ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. the molecular mass of rga1 bearing a his tag was approx. 49 kda. immunoblot analysis using anti-rga1 revealed that the rga1 protein is most abundant in seedling leaves and least abundant in mature roots. it exists at particularly high levels in the immature embryo after pellicle extrusion. in addition, the ... | 1997 | 9164867 |
| purification and characterization of glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) from rice (oryza sativa l.). | we purified and characterized glutaredoxin (thioltransferase), which catalyzes thiol/disulfide exchange reaction, for the first time in plants. the purification procedure employed an immunoabsorbent, antiglutaredoxin-sepharose. glutaredoxin was purified about 2,200-fold from rice bran and it appeared to be homogeneous on sds-page. maldi-tof mass spectrometry revealed that the protein has a molecular mass of 11,097.9 da. rice glutaredoxin consists of 105 amino acid residues, containing the tetrap ... | 1997 | 9192723 |
| expression of a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice, a glycinebetaine nonaccumulator, and possible localization of its protein in peroxisomes. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) catalyzes the last step in the plant biosynthetic pathway that leads to glycinebetaine. rice plants (oryza sativa l.), albeit considered a typical non-glycinebetaine accumulating species, have been found to express this enzyme at low levels. this observation evokes an interest in phylogenic evolution of the enzyme in the plant kingdom. it is reported here that rice plants possess the ability to take up exogenously added betaine aldehyde through the roots and ... | 1997 | 9193078 |
| a large-insert (130 kbp) bacterial artificial chromosome library of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea: genome analysis, contig assembly, and gene cloning. | magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr causes rice blast, one of the most devastating diseases of rice (oryza sativa) worldwide. this fungus is an ideal organism for studying a number of aspects of plant-pathogen interactions, including infection-related morphogenesis, avirulence, and pathogen evolution. to facilitate m. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. a new metho ... | 1997 | 9290247 |
| molecular cloning and further characterization of a probable plant vacuolar sorting receptor. | bp-80 is a type i integral membrane protein abundant in pea (pisum sativum) clathrin-coated vesicles (ccvs) that binds with high affinity to vacuole-targeting determinants containing asparagine-proline-isoleucine-arginine. here we present results from cdna cloning and studies of its intracellular localization. its sequence and sequences of homologs from arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa), and maize (zea mays) define a novel family of proteins unique to plants that is highly conserved in both monoc ... | 1997 | 9306690 |
| epigenetic transcriptional silencing and 5-azacytidine-mediated reactivation of a complex transgene in rice. | despite a growing number of reports indicating non-mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct dna-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. in this paper we describe the complex organization of btt cryiiia and bar transgenes in rice (oryza sativa l.) that displayed aberrant segregation in r1 progeny. silencing rather than ... | 1997 | 9342860 |
| structure and expression of two cdnas encoding s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase of rice (oryza sativa l.). | two cdnas encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (sams) have been cloned, sequenced and identified. the deduced protein sequences share a high homology (90-94%) with those of other plant sams and are 60-62% identical to yeast, rat and human sams. the rice sams genes are differentially regulated in a tissue-specific manner and by a salt stress, while they are coordinately expressed during growth of the rice cell culture. | 1997 | 9375784 |
| rice hemoglobins. gene cloning, analysis, and o2-binding kinetics of a recombinant protein synthesized in escherichia coli. | although nonsymbiotic hemoglobins (hbs) are found in different tissues of dicots and monocots, very little is known about hb genes in monocots and the function of hbs in nonsymbiotic tissues. we report the cloning and analysis of two rice (oryza sativa l.) hb genes, hb1 and hb2, that code for plant hbs. rice hb1 and hb2 genes contain four exons and three introns, as with all of the known plant hb genes. at least three copies of the hb gene were detected in rice dna, and analysis of gene expressi ... | 1997 | 9390447 |
| water permeability of plasma membranes of cultured rice, grape, and ch27 cells measured dielectrically. | the capacitance of suspensions of cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica), grape cells (vitis sp.), and ch27 cells originated from murine b-cell lymphoma was measured in the frequency range of 0.2 to 10 mhz. the relationship between the increase in capacitance caused by the presence of cells at 0.4 mhz, delta c, and the cell density was linear. measurement of capacitance was useful in measurement of transitional changes in cell volume under external osmotic stress when sucrose was ad ... | 1997 | 9404061 |
| the mammalian homologue of mago nashi encodes a serum-inducible protein. | the products of at least 11 maternal effect genes have been shown to be essential for proper germ plasm assembly in drosophila melanogaster embryos. here we report the isolation and characterization of the mammalian counterpart for one of these genes (named magoh for mago nashi homologue). the predicted amino acid sequence of mouse and human magoh are completely identical; magoh homologues from the nematode caenorhabditis elegans and rice grain oryza sativa also show a remarkable degree of amino ... | 1998 | 9479507 |
| alteration of hormone levels in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the rice homeobox gene osh1. | the rice (oryza sativa l.) homeobox gene osh1 causes morphological alterations when ectopically expressed in transgenic rice, arabidopsis thaliana, and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and is therefore believed to function as a morphological regulator gene. to determine the relationship between osh1 expression and morphological alterations, we analyzed the changes in hormone levels in transgenic tobacco plants exhibiting abnormal morphology. levels of the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid, absci ... | 1998 | 9489007 |
| movement of rice yellow mottle virus between xylem cells through pit membranes. | the translocation of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) within tissues of inoculated and systemically infected oryza sativa l. leaves was characterized by western immunoblotting, northern blotting, and electron microscopy of thin sections. in inoculated leaves, rymv rna and coat protein first were detected at 3 and 5 days postinoculation, respectively. by 6 days postinoculation, rymv had spread systemically to leaves, and virus particles were observed in most cell types, including epidermal, mesoph ... | 1998 | 9501261 |
| the genomic organization of non-ltr retrotransposons (lines) from three beta species and five other angiosperms. | we have isolated and characterized conserved regions of the reverse transcriptase gene from non-ltr retrotransposons, also called long interspersed nuclear elements (lines), from beta vulgaris, b. lomatogona and b. nana. the novel elements show strong homology to other non-ltr retrotransposons from plants, man and animals. lines are present in all species of the genus beta tested, but there was variation in copy number. analysis by southern hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization rev ... | 1998 | 9520275 |
| cdna cloning and tissue specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (oryza sativa l.). | we describe the cloning and expression analysis of a sucrose transporter cdna from a monocot (the rice plant, oryza sativa l.). the cdna clone (ossut1) encoded an open reading frame of 1,611 bp (537 amino acids) and showed 76.8 to 79.7% similarity at the amino acid level to other sucrose transporters of dicot species. the predicted membrane topology of ossut1 protein is made up of 12 transmembrane helices which is consistent with most of the mono- and disaccharide transporters previously identif ... | 1997 | 9522469 |
| cloning of genes specifically expressed in rice embryogenic cells. | we have examined differences in gene expression pattern between embryogenic callus (ec) and nonembryogenic callus (nec) derived from mature seed embryo of rice (oryza sativa l. cv donggin). three ec-specific transcripts were identified by differential display of amplified cdnas. specific expression of two partial cdnas, designated as rec1 and rec2, respectively, was confirmed by a northern blot analysis. partial nucleotide sequence of the clone rec1 showed no homology with any known genes, but p ... | 1998 | 9571633 |
| intron loss and gain during evolution of the catalase gene family in angiosperms. | angiosperms (flowering plants), including both monocots and dicots, contain small catalase gene families. in the dicot, arabidopsis thaliana, two catalase (cat) genes, cat1 and cat3, are tightly linked on chromosome 1 and a third, cat2, which is more similar to cat1 than to cat3, is unlinked on chromosome 4. comparison of positions and numbers of introns among 13 angiosperm catalase genomic sequences indicates that intron positions are conserved, and suggests that an ancestral catalase gene comm ... | 1998 | 9584109 |
| rice phloem thioredoxin h has the capacity to mediate its own cell-to-cell transport through plasmodesmata. | rice (oryza sativa l.) phloem sieve tubes contain rpp13-1, a thioredoxin h protein that moves around the plant via the translocation stream. such phloem-mobile proteins are thought to be synthesized in the companion cells prior to being transferred, through plasmodesmata, to the enucleate sieve-tube members. in this study, in-situ hybridization experiments confirmed that expression of rpp13-1 is restricted to companion cells within the mature phloem. to test the hypothesis that rpp13-1 enters th ... | 1998 | 9599802 |
| characterization of su1 isoamylase, a determinant of storage starch structure in maize. | function of the maize (zea mays) gene sugary1 (su1) is required for normal starch biosynthesis in endosperm. homozygous su1- mutant endosperms accumulate a highly branched polysaccharide, phytoglycogen, at the expense of the normal branched component of starch, amylopectin. these data suggest that both branched polysaccharides share a common precursor, and that the product of the su1 gene, designated su1, participates in kernel starch biosynthesis. su1 is similar in sequence to alpha-(1-->6) glu ... | 1998 | 9625695 |
| rice (oryza sativa) centromeric regions consist of complex dna. | rice bacterial artificial chromosome clones containing centromeric dna were isolated by using a dna sequence (psau3a9) that is present in the centromeres of gramineae species. seven distinct repetitive dna elements were isolated from a 75-kilobase rice bacterial artificial chromosome clone. all seven dna elements are present in every rice centromere as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. six of the elements are middle repetitive, and their copy numbers range from approximately 50 ... | 1998 | 9653153 |
| [the use of a multimix as a dietary supplement: study in rats]. | a multimistura (mm)--sweet cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf flour, wheat bran (tritium aestivum l.), egg shell powder, pumpkin (cucurbita spp) and sunflower (heliantus annus) seed flours--was added to a mixture of beans, 7% (phaseolus vulgaris) and rice, 3% (oryza sativa) and its effects, were assessed in weanling, male albino (wistar) rats (n = 60). animals were divided into 6 groups: groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed beans + rice + multimixture (b + r + mm), beans + rice (b + r) and 10% casein ... | 1997 | 9673680 |
| characterization of the rice pathogen-related protein rir1a and regulation of the corresponding gene. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), local acquired resistance against pyricularia oryzae (cav.), the causal agent of rice blast, can be induced by a preinoculation with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. we have cloned a cdna (rir1a) and a closely related gene (rir1b) corresponding to transcripts that accumulate in leaf tissue upon inoculation with p. syringae pv. syringae. the cdna encodes a putative 107 amino acid protein, rir1a, that exhibits a putative signal peptide cleavage si ... | 1998 | 9747803 |
| physical mapping of duplicated genomic regions of two chromosome ends in rice. | two genomic regions duplicated in distal ends of the short arms of chromosomes 11 and 12 in rice (oryza sativa l.) were characterized by yac ordering with 46 genetic markers. physical maps covering most of the duplicated regions were generated. thirty-five markers, including 21 rice cdna clones, showed the duplicated loci arrayed strictly in the same order along the two specific genomic regions. regardless of their different genetic distances, the two duplicated segments may have a similar and m ... | 1998 | 9832535 |
| novel euryarchaeotal lineages detected on rice roots and in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosms | because excised, washed roots of rice (oryza sativa) immediately produce ch4 when they are incubated under anoxic conditions (p. frenzel and u. bosse, fems microbiol. ecol. 21:25-36, 1996), we employed a culture-independent molecular approach to identify the methanogenic microbial community present on roots of rice plants. archaeal small-subunit rrna-encoding genes were amplified directly from total root dna by pcr and then cloned. thirty-two archaeal rice root (arr) gene clones were randomly se ... | 1998 | 9835592 |
| isolation and characterization of a rice homebox gene, osh15. | in many eukaryotic organisms including plants, homeobox genes are thought to be master regulators that establish the cellular or regional identities and specify the fundamental body plan. we isolated and characterized a cdna designated osh15 (oryza sativa homeobox 15) that encodes a knotted-type homeodomain protein. transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the osh15 cdna showed a dramatically altered morphological phenotype caused by disturbance of specific aspects of tobacco development, thereb ... | 1998 | 9869405 |
| metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycinebetaine and tolerance to salt and cold. | genetically engineered rice (oryza sativa l.) with the ability to synthesize glycinebetaine was established by introducing the coda gene for choline oxidase from the soil bacterium arthrobacter globiformis. levels of glycinebetaine were as high as 1 and 5 micromol per gram fresh weight of leaves in two types of transgenic plant in which choline oxidase was targeted to the chloroplasts (chlcod plants) and to the cytosol (cytcod plants), respectively. although treatment with 0.15 m nacl [corrected ... | 1998 | 9869407 |
| proteins involved in membrane transport between the er and the golgi apparatus: 21 putative plant homologues revealed by dbest searching. | numerous proteins have been identified in yeast and mammalian cells which are involved in trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus. a great number of partial cdna sequences now available from the two major plant model species, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, makes it possible to identify putative plant homologues of known genes/proteins from non-plant species. the authors used this approach to screen the database of expressed sequence tags (dbest) in order to ... | 1998 | 9878102 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of the transcript of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and phytin-containing particles during seed development in rice. | myo-inositol-1-phosphate (i[1]p) synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the reaction from glucose 6-phosphate to i(1)p, the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis. among the metabolites of i(1)p is inositol hexakisphosphate, which forms a mixed salt called phytin or phytate, a storage form of phosphate and cations in seeds. we have isolated a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone, prino1, that is highly homologous to the i(1)p synthase from yeast and plants. northern analysis of total rna showed that the ... | 1999 | 9880347 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding the rice methionyl-trna synthetase. | three overlapping clones of cdna, mos43, mos28 and mos60, coding for methionyl-trna synthetase were obtained by screening the oryza sativa lambda gt11 library. their nucleotide sequence of 2850 bp was determined. the deduced amino-acid sequence of the isolated clones contains a hlgn and kfsks motifs, which are conserved for this family of enzymes and have been proposed to be the signature sequences for class i aminoacyl-trna synthetases. a comparison of the rice metrs primary structure with thos ... | 1998 | 9918493 |
| overexpression of rice phytochrome a partially complements phytochrome b deficiency in arabidopsis. | the red/far-red reversible phytochromes play a central role in regulating the development of plants in relation to their light environment. studies on the roles of different members of the phytochrome family have mainly focused on light-labile, phytochrome a and light-stable, phytochrome b. although these two phytochromes often regulate identical responses, they appear to have discrete photosensory functions. thus, phytochrome a predominantly mediates responses to prolonged far-red light, as wel ... | 1999 | 9951735 |
| jamu gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in indonesia: the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct. | an examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of jamu gendong (jg) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine, issued by the department of health of indonesia in 1986. samples of jg and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of surabaya. the samples were subject to the following examinations: total plate count (tpc), mpn coliform, the enumeration of molds and yeasts, the pres ... | 1998 | 10030724 |
| gene cloning and expression of cytosolic glutathione reductase in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we have isolated a cdna (rgrc2) encoding glutathione reductase (gr) from rice (oryza sativa l.). the comparison of deduced amino acid sequences from rgrc2 and other plant gr cdnas indicated that rgrc2 encodes a putative cytosolic isoform. the recombinant rgrc2 protein had enzymatic properties comparable to those of gr from rice embryo. subcellular fractionation showed that the rgrc2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mrna and protein of rgrc2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but l ... | 1998 | 10050312 |
| organization of the 1.9-kb repeat unit rce1 in the centromeric region of rice chromosomes. | this paper presents the first report on the structure of a 14-kb centromere sequence in a cereal genome that includes 1.9-kb direct repeats. the cereal centromeric sequence (ccs1) conserved in some gramineae species contains a 17-bp motif similar to the cenp-b box, which serves as the binding site for the centromere-specific protein cenp-b in human. to isolate centromeric units from rice (oryza sativa l.), we performed pcr using the cenp-b box-like sequences (cbls) as primers. a 264-bp clone was ... | 1999 | 10071204 |
| haemoglobin (erythrogen)-enhanced post-thaw growth of cryopreserved cells. | supplementation of semi-solid r2 culture medium with a commercial bovine haemoglobin (hb) solution (erythrogen) at 1:50-1:500 (v:v), had beneficial effects on the growth, following cryopreservation, of cells of the indica rice, oryza sativa cv. pusa basmati 1. the mean absorbance, as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction, of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing, was increased by up to 60% (p < 0.05), compared to cells recovered in the absence of hb. erythrogen (1:50-1:500 v:v) promoted ... | 1999 | 10092937 |
| iron fortification of rice seed by the soybean ferritin gene. | to improve the iron content of rice, we have transferred the entire coding sequence of the soybean ferritin gene into oryza sativa (l. cv. kita-ake) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the rice seed-storage protein glutelin promoter, glub-1, was used to drive expression of the soybean gene specifically in developing, self-pollinated seeds (t1 seeds) of transgenic plants, as confirmed by reverse transcription pcr analysis. stable accumulation of the ferritin subunit in the rice seed was dem ... | 1999 | 10096297 |
| purification, characterization, and cdna structure of isoamylase from developing endosperm of rice. | isoamylase (ec 3.2.1.68) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was efficiently purified within a day to homogeneity, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), from developing endosperm by sequential use of q sepharose hp anion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and tskgel g4000swxl and g3000swxl gel filtration chromatography. although the protein exhibited a molecular size of ca. 83 kda on sds-page, the apparent size of the native enzyme was ... | 1999 | 10333591 |
| ecological intensification of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), and maize (zea mays l.) provide about two-thirds of all energy in human diets, and four major cropping systems in which these cereals are grown represent the foundation of human food supply. yield per unit time and land has increased markedly during the past 30 years in these systems, a result of intensified crop management involving improved germplasm, greater inputs of fertilizer, production of two or more crops per year on the same piece o ... | 1999 | 10339523 |
| the evaluation of antianaphylactic effect of oryza sativa l. in rats. | this study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of oryza sativa l. (dong-jin in korean, abbreviate as os-dj hereafter) on anaphylaxis. os-dj (10(-5) to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. when os-dj was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10(-5) to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. os-dj (1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ... | 1999 | 10354818 |
| the evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of oryza sativa l. subsp. hsien ting in rats. | we studied the effect of the methanol extract of oryza sativa l. subsp. hsien ting (osht) on anaphylaxis. osht (0.001-1.0 mg g-1body weight (bw)) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. when osht was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 mg g-1bw, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. osht (0. 001-1.0 mg g-1bw) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (dnp) ige. moreover, osht dose-d ... | 1999 | 10378987 |
| unusual inheritance of evolutionarily-related double-stranded rnas in interspecific hybrid between rice plants oryza sativa and oryza rufipogon. | endogenous, 14 kb double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) have been found in two ecospecies of cultivated rice (temperate japonica rice and tropical japonica rice, oryza sativa l.) and in wild rice (o. rufipogon, an ancestor of o. sativa). a comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the core regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase domains found in these three dsrnas suggested that these dsrnas probably evolved independently within each host plant from a common ancestor. these ds ... | 1999 | 10380800 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the na+/h+ exchanger gene in oryza sativa. | na+/h+ exchanger catalyzes the countertransport of na+ and h+ across membranes. we isolated a rice cdna clone the deduced amino acid sequence of which had homology with a putative na+/h+ exchanger in saccharomyces cerevisiae, nhx1. the sequence contains 2330 bp with an open reading frame of 1608 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence is similar to that of nhx1 and nhe isoforms in mammals, and shares high similarity with the sequences within predicted transmembrane segments and an amiloride-binding ... | 1999 | 10395929 |
| determination of the motif responsible for interaction between the rice apetala1/agamous-like9 family proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. | a mads family gene, osmads6, was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) young flower cdna library using osamds1 as a probe. with this clone, various mads box genes that encode for protein-to-protein interaction partners of the osmads6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. on the basis of sequence homology, osmads6 and the selected partners can be classified in the apetala1/agamous-like9 (ap1/agl9) family. one of the interaction partners, osmads14, was selected for furth ... | 1999 | 10444103 |
| molecular characterization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in rice leaves. | a full-length cdna (designated rcaii) encoding the rubisco activase (rca) of rice (oryza sativa l.) has been cloned from a cdna library constructed with mrna from green leaves. sequence analysis resulted in a reading frame of 432 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 47.9 kda and an estimated isoelectric point of 5.97. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 74-89% identity with other rubisco activases from higher plants. two highly conserved motifs were identified. southern blot analys ... | 1999 | 10467032 |
| characterization of chimeric enzymes constructed between two distinct alpha-amylase cdnas from cultured rice cells. | cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa cv sasanishiki) produce two alpha-amylase isozymes, amy-i and amy-iii. using a bacterial expression system, eight chimeric genes constructed with various combination of amy-i and amy-iii cdna fragments were expressed, and each recombinant chimeric protein was characterized. four of the eight recombinant enzymes having region c (one of the four regions having unconserved base sequences between amy-i and amy-iii cdnas) of amy-i showed the same enzyme characteri ... | 1999 | 10500994 |
| large-scale statistical analyses of rice ests reveal correlated patterns of gene expression. | large, publicly available collections of expressed sequence tags (ests) have been generated from arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa). a potential, but relatively unexplored application of this data is in the study of plant gene expression. other est data, mainly from human and mouse, have been successfully used to point out genes exhibiting tissue- or disease-specific expression, as well as for identification of alternative transcripts. in this report, we go a step further in showing th ... | 1999 | 10523523 |
| molecular characterization of oryza sativa 16.9 kda heat shock protein. | a rice class i low-molecular-mass heat shock protein (lmm hsp) oshsp 16.9 was overexpressed in escherichia coli. oligomerized complexes of oshsp16.9 were harvested and electron microscopic observations of purified complexes revealed globular structures of 10-20 nm in diameter (with majority of 15-18 nm) and calculated to comprise approx. 12 monomers per complex. in comparison, complexes from native rice class i lmm hsps were observed as larger ellipsoid- or globular-like random aggregated hetero ... | 1999 | 10548530 |
| characterization of two fungal-elicitor-induced rice cdnas encoding functional homologues of the rab-specific gdp-dissociation inhibitor. | by using the mrna differential display approach to isolate defense signaling genes active at the early stage of fungal infection two cdna fragments with high sequence homology to rab-specific gdp-dissociation inhibitors (gdis) were identified in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells. using polymerase-chain-reaction products as probes, two full-length cdna clones were isolated from a cdna library of fungal-elicitor-treated rice, and designated as osgdi1 and osgdi2. the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 1999 | 10592042 |
| cloning and characterization of the chloroplast elongation factor ef-tu cdna of oryza sativa l. | from the rice leaf cdna library, we have cloned a cdna encoding rice chloroplast translational elongation factor ef-tu (tufa). the rice tufa cdna clone contains 1678 nucleotides and codes for a 467 amino acid protein including a putative chloroplast transit peptide of 59 amino acid residues. the predicted molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 45 kda. this cdna clone contains the 61 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region (utr) and the 213 nucleotides of 3' utr. amino acid seque ... | 1999 | 10597036 |
| evolutionally conserved plant homologue of the bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) gene capable of suppressing bax-induced cell death in yeast(1). | the plant homologue of bax inhibitor-1, a gene described to suppress the cell death induced by bax gene expression in yeast, was isolated from oryza sativa l. (rice) and arabidopsis. the amino acid sequence of the predicted protein was well conserved in both animal and plant (45% in amino acids) and contained six or seven membrane-spanning segments. northern blot analysis showed that osbi-1 transcripts were present in all tissues examined. the osbi-1 cdna suppressed cell death induced by mammali ... | 1999 | 10618494 |
| identification, cloning, and properties of cytosolic d-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase from higher plants. | plant cells contain a complete oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the chloroplasts, but an incomplete pathway was proposed to be present in the cytosol, with cytosolic (cyt) isoforms of ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (rpease) and other non-oxidative branch enzymes being undetectable. here we present for the first time the identification, cloning, and properties of a cyt-rpease in rice (oryza sativa) and presence of its homologues in other plant species. recombinant cyt-rpease is a homodime ... | 2000 | 10625676 |
| isolation of rice allergenic cdna clones from a rice cdna library by immunoscreening with a polyclonal antibody specific to 16 kd rice allergenic protein. | clinical cases of type-1 hypersensitive reaction to rice (oryza sativa) have been reported in western countries as well as in japan. among rice proteins, 14-16 kd globulin proteins encoded by multiple gene family have been identified as major rice allergens. in this study, a rice cdna library was constructed using lambda unizap vector and screened with a rat anti-16 kd globulin protein polyclonal antibody in order to isolate korean rice allergenic cdna clones. five independent cdna clones, terme ... | 1999 | 10630372 |
| organizational complexity of a rice transgene locus susceptible to methylation-based silencing. | molecular analyses of a rice (oryza sativa l.) transgene locus introduced using biolistic techniques revealed the presence of multiple copies of rearranged fragments, as well as an intact copy of the supplied constructs. both the gene of interest (35s-btt cryiiia) and the selectable marker used (ubi1-bar) were methylated and silenced. additionally, vector sequences were present in great abundance and were also highly methylated, indicating that the entire transgene insert was marked for methylat ... | 1999 | 10632579 |
| cloning and functional characterization of a constitutively expressed nitrate transporter gene, osnrt1, from rice. | elucidating how rice (oryza sativa) takes up nitrate at the molecular level could help improve the low recovery rate (<50%) of nitrogen fertilizer in rice paddies. as a first step toward that goal, we have cloned a nitrate transporter gene from rice called osnrt1. osnrt1 is a new member of a growing transporter family called ptr, which consists not only of nitrate transporters from higher plants that are homologs of the arabidopsis chl1 (atnrt1) protein, but also peptide transporters from a wide ... | 2000 | 10677431 |
| nucleoside diphosphate kinase required for coleoptile elongation in rice. | although several nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase genes have been cloned in plants, little is known about the functional significance of this enzyme during plant growth and development. we introduced a chimeric gene encoding an antisense rna of ndp kinase under the control of the arabidopsis heat shock protein hsp81-1 promoter into rice (oryza sativa l.) plants using the agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system. the expression of antisense rna down-regulated the accumulation of mrna, r ... | 2000 | 10677437 |
| the xylem of rice (oryza sativa) is colonized by azorhizobium caulinodans. | following inoculation with azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 (pxlgd4), lateral root development of rice and colonization of lateral root cracks by bacteria were shown to be stimulated by the flavonoid naringenin. rice seedlings growing aseptically in the presence of naringenin were inoculated with ors571 (pxlgd4), carrying the lacz reporter gene. by microscopic analysis of sections of inoculated rice roots, it has been demonstrated that the xylem of rice roots can be colonized by azorhizobium caul ... | 2000 | 10687813 |
| resistance gene analogs within an introgressed chromosomal segment derived from triticum ventricosum that confers resistance to nematode and rust pathogens in wheat. | a resistance (r) gene-rich 2s chromosomal segment from triticum ventricosum contains a cereal cyst nematode (ccn; heterodera avenae) r gene locus crex and a closely linked group of genes (sr38, yr17, and lr37) that confer resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici), and leaf rust (p. recondita f. sp. tritici) when introgressed into wheat. the 2s chromosomal segment from t. ventricosum is further delineated in translocations onto chromos ... | 2000 | 10707359 |
| syringolin-mediated activation of the pir7b esterase gene in rice cells is suppressed by phosphatase inhibitors. | inoculation of rice plants (oryza sativa) with the nonhost pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae leads to the activation of defense-related genes and ultimately to induced resistance against the rice blast fungus pyricularia oryzae. one of the molecular determinants of p. syringae pv. syringae that is recognized by the plant cells and evokes these defense responses is syringolin a, an elicitor that is secreted by the bacteria under appropriate conditions. in order to investigate signal tran ... | 2000 | 10707360 |
| a novel gibberellin-induced gene from rice and its potential regulatory role in stem growth. | os-grf1 (oryza sativa-growth-regulating factor1) was identified in a search for genes that are differentially expressed in the intercalary meristem of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes in response to gibberellin (ga). os-grf1 displays general features of transcription factors, contains a functional nuclear localization signal, and has three regions with similarities to sequences in the database. one of these regions is similar to a protein interaction domain of swi2/snf2, which is a su ... | 2000 | 10712532 |
| a second functional delta5 fatty acid desaturase in the cellular slime mould dictyostelium discoideum. | a cdna with homology to fatty acid desaturases was selected by searching the cdna data bank of dictyostelium discoideum (http://www. csm.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/cdnaproject.html) with conserved histidine box motifs. using this sequence, genomic dna encoding the delta5 desaturase was amplified from the genomic dna of d. discoideum, and its desaturase activity was confirmed by the overexpression mutation in d. discoideum and the gain-of-function mutation in yeast. the cloned cdna is 1565 nucleotides in ... | 2000 | 10712614 |
| identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in escherichia coli. | two cdnas encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (ipi) in adonis aestivalis, arabidopsis thaliana, and lactuca sativa, and single examples from oryza sativa and tagetes erecta were identified. an analysis of these and other ipi leads us to suggest a separate origin for green algal and plant genes and propose that a single gene encodes plastid and cytosolic ipi in plants. | 2000 | 10750717 |
| identification of rice blast fungal elicitor-responsive genes by differential display analysis. | in order to study molecular interactions that occur between rice and rice blast fungus upon infection, we isolated fungal elicitor-responsive genes from rice (oryza sativa cv. milyang 117) suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitor prepared from the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) employing a method that combined mrna differential display and cdna library screening. data base searches with the isolated cdna clones revealed that the oserg1 and oserg2 cdnas share significant sim ... | 2000 | 10755311 |
| transcriptional activation of the rice tungro bacilliform virus gene is critically dependent on an activator element located immediately upstream of the tata box. | to investigate the transcriptional mechanisms of rice tungro bacilliform virus, we have systematically analyzed an activator element located immediately upstream of the tata box in the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter and its cognate trans-acting factors. using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we showed that rice nuclear proteins bind to the activator element, forming multiple specific dna-protein complexes via protein-protein interactions. copper-phenanthroline footprinting and dna ... | 2000 | 10766804 |
| the maize streak virus coat protein transcription unit exhibits tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice. | maize streak geminivirus (msv) is a single-stranded dna virus that infects cereals and other grasses. a promoter region incorporating the msv large intergenic region and movement protein gene sequence was ligated to the gus (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene which replaced the virus coat protein (cp) gene. the cp promoter activity was analysed in transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa l.) and was compared with that obtained in plants transformed with the gus gene downstream of the cauliflower mosa ... | 2000 | 10773336 |
| xylem-specific expression of wound-inducible rice peroxidase genes in transgenic plants. | a peroxidase gene, poxa, was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic library. the gene consists of four exons whose combined sequences were identical to that of the prxrpa mrna whose levels were dramatically stimulated by wounding as well as by treatment of rice shoots with ethephon or uv irradiation [h. ito, f. kimizuka, a. ohbayashi, h. matsui, m. honma, a. shinmyo, y. ohashi, a.b. caplan, r.l. rodriguez, molecular cloning and characterization of two complementary dnas encoding putative ... | 2000 | 10773343 |
| plant homologue of flap endonuclease-1: molecular cloning, characterization, and evidence of expression in meristematic tissues. | flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1) is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. we isolated a 1.4 kb cdna from rice (oryza sativa), termed osfen-1, encoding a protein which shows homology with the eukaryotic fen-1 proteins. osfen-1 protein was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. dna cleavage analysis using different branched dna structures indicated that osfen-1 protein possesses both 5'-flap endonuclease and 5' to 3' double-stranded dna exonuclease act ... | 2000 | 10798612 |
| identification of a signal peptide for oryzacystatin-i. | a previously unidentified extension of an open reading frame from the genomic dna of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) encoding oryzacystatin-i (oc-i; access. m29259, protein id aaa33912.1) has been identified as a 5' gene segment coding for the oc-i signal peptide. the signal peptide appears to direct a pre-protein (spoc-i; accession no. af164378) to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is processed into the mature form of oc-i. the start codon of spoc-i begins 114 bp upstream from that previously ... | 2000 | 10805458 |
| population dynamics and effects of oebalus ornatus (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on rice yield and quality in southwestern colombia. | field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to determine the effects of oebalus ornatus (sailer) on cica 8 rice, oryza sativa l., yield and to study the population dynamics of the insect. the effect of o. ornatus was measured for seven population levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 sexed pairs per 20 panicles) at three stages of grain development (flowering, milk, and soft dough stage). insect feeding during the flowering and milk stages of grain development caused more damage than feeding ... | 2000 | 10826172 |
| effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment on resistance of a cry1ab-transformed aromatic rice to lepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders. | the resistance of vegetative, booting, and flowering stage plants of a variety of an aromatic rice, oryza sativa l., transformed with a bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab gene under control of the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter was evaluated against four lepidopterous rice pests--the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and the foliage feeders cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepi ... | 2000 | 10826204 |
| molecular and cellular characterizations of a cdna clone encoding a novel isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase from rice. | aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) are a group of enzymes catalyzing the conversion of aldehydes to the corresponding acids. in mammals and yeasts, at least two isozymes of aldh are known to be involved in ethanol metabolism (cytosolic aldh1 and mitochondrial aldh2). although mitochondrial aldh isozymes have previously been identified in several plants, such as maize and tobacco, it is unclear whether cytosolic aldh isozymes also exist in plants. in this study, we identified and characterized a cdn ... | 2000 | 10831839 |
| leafy hull sterile1 is a homeotic mutation in a rice mads box gene affecting rice flower development. | rice contains several mads box genes. it has been demonstrated previously that one of these genes, osmads1 (for oryza sativa mads box gene1), is expressed preferentially in flowers and causes early flowering when ectopically expressed in tobacco plants. in this study, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of osmads1 in rice also results in early flowering. to further investigate the role of osmads1 during rice flower development, we generated transgenic rice plants expressing altered osmads1 g ... | 2000 | 10852934 |
| primary structural features of the 20s proteasome subunits of rice (oryza sativa). | the 20s proteasome is the proteolytic complex that is involved in removing abnormal proteins, and it also has other diverse biological functions. its structure comprises 28 subunits arranged in four rings of seven subunits, and exists as a hollow cylinder. the two outer rings and two inner rings form an alpha7beta7beta7alpha7 structure, and each subunit, alpha and beta, exists as seven different types, thus giving 14 kinds of subunits. in this study, we report the primary structures of the 14 pr ... | 2000 | 10854779 |
| isolation and characterization of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin from salt-stressed rice (oryza sativa) plants. | a novel plant lectin was isolated from salt-stressed rice (oryza sativa l.) plants and partially characterized. the lectin occurs as a natural mixture of two closely related isoforms consisting of two identical non-covalently linked subunits of 15 kda. both isoforms are best inhibited by mannose and exhibit potent mitogenic activity towards t-lymphocytes. biochemical analyses and sequence comparisons further revealed that the rice lectins belong to the subgroup of mannose-binding jacalin-related ... | 2000 | 10872230 |
| characterization of cop i coat proteins in plant cells. | membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells is mediated by cop (coat protein)-coated vesicles. their existence in plant cells has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated, although coated vesicles (probably with a cop coat) can be seen by electron microscopy. at the gene level, plant cells seem to contain all the components necessary to form cop-coated vesicles. in this paper, we have used antibodies raised against mammalian copi coat proteins to detect putative homologues in rice (oryza sativa) cells. ... | 2000 | 10873582 |
| loss of a member of the aquaporin gene family, aqpa affects spore dormancy in dictyostelium. | we isolated and characterized a gene from dictyostelium discoideum, which encodes a protein of 279 amino acids (30.6kda) containing six transmembrane domains with two highly conserved motifs of asparagine-proline-alanine (npa) found in the aquaporin family of water-channel proteins, although the second motif of the protein has been modified into npv (asparagine-proline-valine). the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene, which we have named aqpa, is 39% identical to d. discoideum waca, 26% iden ... | 2000 | 10876090 |
| flower-predominant expression of a gene encoding a novel class i chitinase in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a flower-predominant cdna for a gene, termed oschia 1;175, was isolated from a cdna library of rice pistils. northern blot and rt-pcr analyses revealed that the oschia 1;175 gene is highly expressed in floral organs (pistils, stamens and lodicules at the heading stage) but not or at an extremely low level in vegetative organs. oschia 1;175 encodes a protein that consists of 340 amino acid residues, and the putative mature protein shows 52% to 63% amino acid identity to class i chitinases of rice ... | 2000 | 10890535 |
| cloning of a gene for an acyl-coa dehydrogenase from pisum sativum l. and purification and characterization of its product as an isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase. | isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase (ivd, ec ) catalyzes the third step in the catabolism of leucine in mammals. deficiency of this enzyme leads to the clinical disorder isovaleric acidemia. ivd has been purified and characterized from human and rat liver, and the x-ray crystallographic structure of purified recombinant human ivd has been reported. nothing is known about ivd activity in plants, although cdna clones from arabidopsis thaliana and partial sequences from gossypium hirsutum and oryza sativa ... | 2000 | 10913142 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding proline transporter in rice. | a cdna encoding a proline (pro) transporter (prot) was isolated and characterized from a cdna library prepared from 14-d-old seedlings of oryza sativa cv. akibare. the deduced amino acid sequence of the rice prot protein (osprot) had 68.8% homology to the prot protein 1 from arabidopsis thaliana and 59.6% homology to that from lycopersicon esculentum. northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for osprot (osprot) was expressed in all organs examined, comparatively strongly in leaf sheath and ... | 2000 | 10945345 |
| constitutive expression of the defense-related rir1b gene in transgenic rice plants confers enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. | the rirlb gene of rice (oryza sativa) is one of a set of putative defense genes whose transcripts accumulate upon inoculation of rice with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. it belongs to a family of genes encoding small extracellular proteins so far only identified in cereals. to assess the function of the rirlb gene in rice blast resistance, it was placed under the control of the camv 35s promoter and transferred into rice plants of the japonica variety taipei 309 by biol ... | 2000 | 10949374 |
| intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes. | in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ... | 2000 | 10954603 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a plant homologue of the origin recognition complex 1 (orc1). | by using the rice est database, we have isolated a 2.8 kb cdna, termed oryza sativa orc1 (osorc1), from rice (o. sativa) encoding a protein that shows homology with the eukaryotic orc1 proteins. alignment of the osorc1 protein sequence with the sequence of orc1 from human and yeasts s. cerevisiae and s. pombe showed a high degree of sequence homology (38.7, 32.9 and 35.0% identity, respectively), particularly around the c-terminal region containing the cdc-ntp domain. interestingly, the osorc1 p ... | 2000 | 10996242 |
| characterization of rci-1, a chloroplastic rice lipoxygenase whose synthesis is induced by chemical plant resistance activators. | a full-length lipoxygenase cdna (rci-1) has been cloned from rice (oryza sativa) whose corresponding transcripts accumulate in response to treatment of the plants with chemical inducers of acquired resistance such as benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid s-methyl ester (bth), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), and probenazole. in contrast, rci-1 transcript levels did not increase after inoculation with compatible and incompatible races of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea and the n ... | 2000 | 10998053 |
| expression of a gene encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in rice increases under submerged conditions. | it is known that alcoholic fermentation is important for survival of plants under anaerobic conditions. acetaldehyde, one of the intermediates of alcoholic fermentation, is not only reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase but also can be oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh). to determine whether aldh plays a role in anaerobic metabolism in rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare), we characterized a cdna clone encoding mitochondrial aldh from rice (aldh2a). analysis of sub-cellular localization of ald ... | 2000 | 11027709 |
| activation of cdk-activating kinase is dependent on interaction with h-type cyclins in plants. | cdnas encoding cyclin h homologs were isolated from poplar (populus tremula x tremuloides) and rice (oryza sativa) plants, and were designated pt;cych;1 and os;cych;1, respectively. the deduced amino-acid sequences showed 40-60% similarity to human cyclin h and schizosaccharomyces pombe mcs2, with higher similarity in the cyclin box region. while pt;cych;1 and os;cych;1 were expressed in all tissues examined, the transcripts accumulated abundantly in dividing cells. expression of os;cych;1 was a ... | 2000 | 11029700 |
| sequence-specific and methylation-dependent and -independent binding of rice nuclear proteins to a rice tungro bacilliform virus vascular bundle expression element. | nuclear proteins from rice (oryza sativa) were identified that bind specifically to a rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter region containing a vascular bundle expression element (vbe). one set of proteins of 29, 33, and 37 kda, present in shoot and cell suspension extracts but hardly detectable in root extracts, bound to a site containing the sequence agaaggaccaga within the vbe, which also contains two cpg and one cpnpg potential methylation motifs. binding by these proteins was determined to ... | 2001 | 11036074 |
| characterization and expression of monosaccharide transporters (osmsts) in rice. | this study deals with the cloning and characterization of monosaccharide transporter cdnas in rice. osmst1-3 (oryza sativa monosaccharide transporters 1-3) have two sets of putative six transmembrane domains separated by a central long hydrophilic region. heterologous expression of osmst3 in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that osmst3 has transport activity for some monosaccharides in an energy-dependent h+ co-transport manner. northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses showed ... | 2000 | 11038054 |
| purification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis of sucrose-6f-phosphate phosphohydrolase from plants. | sucrose-6(f)-phosphate phosphohydrolase (spp; ec ) catalyzes the final step in the pathway of sucrose biosynthesis and is the only enzyme of photosynthetic carbon assimilation for which the gene has not been identified. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves and partially sequenced. the rice leaf enzyme is a dimer with a native molecular mass of 100 kda and a subunit molecular mass of 50 kda. the enzyme is highly specific for sucrose 6(f)-phosphate with a k(m) ... | 2000 | 11050182 |
| synthesis of some n1-phenyl-n3-[2-aryl/aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-yl]sulphonyl ureas as potential pesticides. | n1-phenyl-n3-aryl/aryloxymethyl[1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-yl]s ulphonyl ureas (4 and 7) were conveniently prepared from 2-aryl/aryloxymethyl- 1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-sulphonamide (3 and 6) and phenyl isothiocyanate. sulphonamides were synthesised by the reaction of 2-aryl/aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-sulphonyl chlorides (2 and 5) with ammonia. all the compounds have been tested for fungicidal activity against the fungal species cephalosporium saccharii and helminthosporium oryzae. the two ... | 2000 | 11059098 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana isogene nit4 and its orthologs in tobacco encode beta-cyano-l-alanine hydratase/nitrilase. | nitrilases (nitrile aminohydrolases, ec ) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to the corresponding carbon acids. among the four known nitrilases of arabidopsis thaliana, the isoform nit4 is the most divergent one, and homologs of nit4 are also known from species not belonging to the brassicaceae like nicotiana tabacum and oryza sativa. we expressed a. thaliana nit4 as hexahistidine tag fusion protein in escherichia coli. the purified enzyme showed a strong substrate specificity ... | 2001 | 11060302 |
| [studies on the biosynthesis of sterol side chain in higher plants]. | campesterol (3) and dihydrobrassicasterol (4), typical c28-sterols in higher plants, are biosynthesized from a steroidal 24-ene precursor (desmosterol 1) via 24-methylenecholesterol (2) and 24-methyldesmosterol (5). a typical plant c29-sterol, sitosterol (6), is produced from 24-methylenecholesterol via isofucosterol (7) and 24-ethyldesmosterol (8). the biosynthetic mechanism, focussing stereochemical features, of these side-chain transformations has been studied in detail by feeding regio- and ... | 2000 | 11082699 |
| three-dimensional solution structure of oryzacystatin-i, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica. | the three-dimensional structure of oryzacystatin-i, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica, has been determined in solution at ph 6.8 and 25 degrees c by (1)h and (15)n nmr spectroscopy. the main body (glu13-asp97) of oryzacystatin-i is well-defined and consists of an alpha-helix and a five-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, while the n- and c-terminal regions (ser2-val12 and ala98-ala102) are less defined. the helix-sheet architechture of oryzacystatin-i is stabili ... | 2000 | 11101290 |