| [testing of the digestibility of crude nutrients and of the applicability of tapioca for laying hens and young chickens]. | by means of the difference method an apparent digestibility of 88.3% of the organic matter, 50.4% of the crude protein, 25.1% of the crude fat, 12.7% of the crude fibre and 94.2% of the n-free extractives of thai tapioca meal was ascertained in colostomized laying hens. it is possible to use 20% tapioca meal in the feed for chickens and pullets without a decrease in performance. two experiments with laying hens were carried out with 5-30% tapioca. egg production decreases slightly with a tapioca ... | 1987 | 3451723 |
| studies of rumen function in an in vitro continuous culture system. | an in vitro continuous culture system to simulate processes in the rumen is described. this comprises a culture vessel (fig. 2) fed continuously with pelleted solid feed (fig. 1); artificial saliva also enters the vessel while effluent leaves it continuously in two streams, one is filtered and the other simply overflows (fig. 1). in this way liquid and solid turnover times may be manipulated independently; in a trial experiment the former and latter were 6.3% and 3.4% per hour respectively. in f ... | 1987 | 3454631 |
| structure and replication of geminivirus genomes. | the geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses containing single-stranded (ss) dna in particles comprising two quasi-icosahedral units. some are transmitted by whiteflies, others by leafhoppers. comparisons were made of the genome organization and expression of cassava latent virus (clv) and maize streak virus (msv) and beet curly top virus (bctv), each with distinct host range and insect vector species characteristics. from these studies, several indications as to the replication mechanism(s) a ... | 1987 | 3503890 |
| detection of double-stranded rna by immunoblot electrophoresis. | a procedure is described which permits the serological detection of double-stranded rna (dsrna) which has been electrophoretically transferred from agarose gels to zeta-probe blotting membranes. cucumber mosaic virus replicative forms of rnas 1-3 and cassava (manihot esculenta) clone 'secundina' dsrnas can be routinely detected from 1 g of leaf tissue. this procedure allows for the detection and size estimation of dsrnas in crude nucleic acid preparations. | 1986 | 3528205 |
| effects of the addition of vegetable oil or animal tallow to broiler diets containing cassava root meal. | two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects on broiler performance of increasing by 5% the metabolizable energy level of diets containing cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root meal (crm: 0, 20, and 30%) by adding either vegetable oil (experiment 1) or animal tallow (experiment 2). the crm used was detoxified by sun-drying whole root chips of a high cyanide-containing (bitter) cultivar (cmc-84) on a concrete floor. all experimental diets were supplied in mash form. supplementary ve ... | 1987 | 3615333 |
| [formation and regeneration of protoplasts of a native strain of clostridium acetobutylicum]. | a procedure was optimized for the formation and regeneration of protoplasts in a clostridium acetobutylicum strain isolated from cassava roots in misiones, argentina. the regeneration frequency was calculated as the ratio of regenerants (colony forming units on regeneration plates minus colony forming units from osmotically resistant cells) per initial cell number (colony forming units before protoplast formation). the percentage regeneration varied from 10 to 15%. | 1986 | 3685381 |
| the effects of different sources of nitrogen supplementation on the post ruminal flows of organic matter and different nitrogenous constituents in steers. | friesian steers, virtually protozoa free, were equipped with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas. they were given diets consisting of approximately equal proportions of ground, pelleted alkali treated straw and a rolled barley, tapioca mixture supplemented with urea + casein (uc), soybean meal (sbm), 'normal' white fishmeal (ndf) or white fishmeal designated as being of 'low' rumen degradability (ldf). the diets were isoenergetic (the protein sources replacing part of the tapioca) and they were g ... | 1986 | 3741133 |
| thyroid function in a cassava-eating population affected by epidemic spastic paraparesis. | thyroid function was studied in a rural population in mozambique that had been affected by an epidemic of spastic paraparesis attributed to dietary cyanide exposure from cassava. laboratory investigation on a sample of this population demonstrated very high levels of serum and urinary thiocyanate, indicating a heavy exposure to cyanide. the urinary excretion of iodine was within normal limits, indicating an adequate intake of iodine. the serum levels of ft4i were somewhat decreased and serum ft3 ... | 1986 | 3788422 |
| [energy value of cassava leaves in the feeding of chickens]. | | 1986 | 3825434 |
| synthesis of viral dna forms in nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplasts inoculated with cassava latent virus (clv); evidence for the independent replication of one component of the clv genome. | totipotent leaf mesophyll protoplasts of nicotiana plumbaginifolia, viviani were inoculated with cassava latent virus (clv) or with full length copies of clv genomic dnas 1 and 2 excised from replicative forms of m13 clones. virus specific dnas began to appear 48-72h after inoculation with virus or cloned dnas, coincident with the onset of host cell division. infected cells accumulated supercoiled forms of dnas 1 and 2 as well as progeny single-stranded (ss) virion (+) sense dnas representing ea ... | 1986 | 3951986 |
| developmental toxicity of the cyanogenic glycoside linamarin in the golden hamster. | cassava, a staple food in many tropical countries, has been suspected as a cause of human congenital defects. ingestion of the material during pregnancy has been reported to induce limb defects, microcephaly, open eye, and growth retardation in rats. linamarin is a natural cyanogenic glycoside that occurs in high concentrations in cassava. in the present study, pregnant hamsters received an oral dose of 70,100, 120 or 140 mg/kg linamarin or an equivalent volume of isotonic saline during the earl ... | 1985 | 3992492 |
| characterisation of dna forms associated with cassava latent virus infection. | in addition to the major encapsidated dna species found in preparations of cassava latent virus (genomic dnas 1 and 2) there are minor dna populations of twice (dimeric) and approximately half genome length. both minor species resemble the genomic dnas in that they are composed of predominantly circular single-stranded dna. all of these size groups have a corresponding covalently-closed circular double-stranded dna form in infected tissue. infectivity studies using cloned dnas 1 and 2 show that ... | 1985 | 4000956 |
| sequence homology among the coat proteins of gemini viruses. | the coat proteins of the gemini viruses - african cassava latent virus, tomato golden mosaic virus and maize streak virus - are shown to have reasonable to good amino acid sequence homology. it is suggested that the maize streak virus genome is ancestral and the bipartite genomes of the other viruses evolved from it. | 1985 | 4026858 |
| cassava is not a goitrogen in mice. | to examine the effect of cassava on the thyroid function of mice, we fed fresh cassava root to mice and compared this diet with low iodine diet and purina. cassava provided a low iodine intake and increased urine thiocyanate excretion and serum thiocyanate levels. mice on cassava lost weight. the thyroid glands of mice on cassava were not enlarged, even when normalized for body weight. the 4- and 24-hr thyroid uptakes of mice on cassava were similar to those of mice on low iodine diets. protein- ... | 1985 | 4034537 |
| effect of thiamin status on the metabolism of linamarin in rats. | the effect of graded levels of thiamin on the metabolism of linamarin was investigated in rats. it was observed that on a diet deficient in thiamin, a large amount of linamarin was recovered unchanged in the urine, together with significantly more thiocyanate (scn-) relative to the control. the least amount of thiocyanate (p less than 0.05 relative to control) was found in animals receiving the highest amount (twice daily requirement) of thiamin in the diet; but the amount of unmetabolized linam ... | 1985 | 4051453 |
| chronic cassava toxicity. | | 1973 | 4124430 |
| a preliminary study on the action of cassava on thyroid iodine metabolism in rats. | | 1973 | 4127199 |
| the nutritional value of yeast grown on alkanes determined in experiments with rats and piglets on mixed grain and tapioca meal base diets. | | 1974 | 4416388 |
| [nutritional value of flour mixture based on wheat flour: with opaque-2 cornmeal, common cornmeal and cassava flour]. | | 1974 | 4499409 |
| [protein value of mixtures of bean flour and cassava flour. i. index of protein efficiency and growth of animals]. | | 1974 | 4499413 |
| goitrogenic action of cyanogenic glucosides present in cassava: a possible etiologic factor of endemic goiter in the idjwi island. | | 1973 | 4523769 |
| [silage of manioc roots]. | | 1972 | 4675017 |
| [cassava in swine nutrition. i. possibilities and limitations of its use]. | | 1973 | 4805574 |
| [cassava in swine nutrition. 2. digestibility of cassava under various presentations]. | | 1973 | 4805575 |
| pressure cooked urea-cassava meal for lambs consuming low quality hay. | | 1972 | 5075829 |
| energy value of a cassava-rice bran diet with and without supplemental zinc for growing pigs. | | 1972 | 5085301 |
| the effect of dietary histidine and arginine on growth in the guinea-pig as a test of the amino acid imbalance in plantain and cassava. | | 1969 | 5368011 |
| the nutritive value of cassava leaf meal. | | 1969 | 5389921 |
| [part of cassava leaf (manihot utilissima) in alimentary diets of tropical type]. | | 1970 | 5426027 |
| cassava diet and cyanide metabolism in wistar rats. | | 1970 | 5470780 |
| relationship of a degenerative tropical neuropathy to diet: report of a field survey. | a survey of neurological abnormalities in two nigerian villages preselected for their differing consumption of cassava has shown that a degenerative neuropathy occurs with relatively high frequency in the village (ososa) where cassava consumption was high.it is suggested that eating cassava results in exposure to cyanide, as shown by a raised plasma thiocyanate level, and that the latter, together with other factors, may contribute to the pathogenesis of "tropical neuropathy." | 1969 | 5764702 |
| goitrogenic activity of cassava (a staple nigerian food). | | 1966 | 5964173 |
| [goitrogens of vegetable origin as possible aetiological factors in endemic goiter (author's transl)]. | ingestion of unsoaked cassava is followed by an increase of the thiocyanate production in men and in rats. even a moderate increase of serum scn concentration induces, in chronic conditions, a clearcut goitrogenic effect characterized by the aggravation of the effects of a preexisting iodine deficiency. the mechanism of the antithyroid action of scn at low concentrations, lies in an acceleration of the exit rate of thyroidal iodide; this effect cannot be identified by the usual clinical investig ... | 1981 | 6176177 |
| effect of feeding cassava root meal on reproduction and growth of rabbits. | in an experiment designed to determine the effect of feeding cassava-based diets on reproduction of young rabbit does, 16 new zealand white does, about 36 weeks old, were fed four diets containing 0, 15, 30 or 45% cassava root meal (crm) daily plus 200 g of green herbage every other day. after being fed those diets for 42 days, the does were bred to bucks fed standard commercial diet. the does were bred two more times after the pups were weaned at 5 weeks of age. offspring of the first breeding ... | 1980 | 6245195 |
| cholesterol binding capacity of fiber from tropical fruits and vegetables. | the cholesterol binding capacity of 28 fiber samples from a variety of the more common tropical fruits and vegetables was determined. the binding capacity of cholestyramine, cellulose, lignin, guar gum and citrus pectin were also determined. capacities were evaluated by an in vitro method that simulates the effect of the human digestive system on fiber using a series of enzymatic treatments before the binding was determined. binding values varied from 3% for a soluble fraction of cassava to 84% ... | 1984 | 6323908 |
| effects of increasing the fibre content of a layer diet. | the fibre content of a basal diet fed to laying hens was increased from 149.2 g to between 218.6 and 292.3 g/kg by the inclusion of various fibrous farm wastes and by-products at 200 g/kg diet. the fibrous ingredients lowered the metabolisable energy (me) of the basal diet from 11.82 to between 9.31 and 11.21 mj/kg. utilisation (g food/kg egg) of the basal diet was not significantly different from values for diets containing maize cob, cassava or maize starch residues. the diet containing maize ... | 1984 | 6329485 |
| fungal protein produced on cassava for growing rats and pigs. | | 1983 | 6341343 |
| cyanide in human disease: a review of clinical and laboratory evidence. | experimental cyanide exposure in animals causes demyelination and circumstantial clinical and laboratory evidence suggest that there are human parallels. in leber's hereditary optic atrophy there appears to be a defect in the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate because of deficient rhodanese activity. for transmitters of the disease smoking carries the risk of blindness and in the most severely affected patients, there is diffuse neurological disease. it is possible that other hereditary optic ... | 1983 | 6357925 |
| prevalence of heat-stable ii enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in pigs, water, and people at farms in thailand as determined by dna hybridization. | the dna hybridization assay employing a 460-base-pair fragment of dna encoding for the methanol-insoluble form of heat-stable toxin (st-ii) was used to determine the prevalence of st-ii enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in pigs, people, and water at 57 farms in sri racha, thailand. st-ii etec was found in 62 (3%) of 2,110 suckling, 181 (32%) of 560 weaned, and 4 (1%) of 457 adult pigs examined. of 62 suckling pigs with st-ii etec infections 21% had diarrhea, but none of 185 infected older ... | 1984 | 6371049 |
| [acetobutylic fermentation: strains and regional raw materials]. | the purpose of the present work was to show, as a first stage, that it is possible to characterize autochtohnous strains of clostridium acetobutilicum of a good solvent producing capacity, specially n-butanol, through the utilization of suitable techniques for isolating anaerobic microorganisms. cassava roots were employed as raw material using suitable culture media and an anaerobic jar of cold catalyst. the fermentative capacity of the strains thus isolated was evaluated against a control stra ... | 1983 | 6400763 |
| conversion of cassava starch to biomass, carbohydrates, and acids by aspergillus niger. | the filamentous fungus, aspergillus niger, efficiently converted cassava polysaccharides to mycelial mass, simple sugars, and acids during the course of its growth. a typical 70-ml culture broth containing 2% cassava polysaccharides yielded 0.38 g dry mycelial mass, 1.14 mmol reducing sugars, and 1.17 meq acids at the end of 42 h. about 70% of the initial total carbohydrate in the medium was degraded during the same period. the sugars and acids in the culture broths were analyzed by hplc on a si ... | 1984 | 6490584 |
| physical structure and genetic organisation of the genome of maize streak virus (kenyan isolate). | the structure of the maize streak virus genome (kenyan isolate, msv-k), as determined from the sequence of clones obtained from dna isolated from virus particles, is composed of one major dna component of about 2.6 kb. msv virion dna is partially double-stranded, composed of a full-length virion (v) strand and a short (70-80b) primer (p) strand. the primer strand has a fixed 5'-end capped with alkaline labile material, presumably 1-2 ribonucleotides. the msv genome has two major coding regions o ... | 1984 | 6493977 |
| serum and tissue thiocyanate concentrations in growing pigs fed cassava peel or corn based diets containing graded protein levels. | thiocyanate concentrations of serum, liver, kidney, spleen and longissimus dorsi were determined in 64 growing large white x landrace pigs offered 8 experimental isocaloric diets containing different levels of cassava peel and crude protein. cassava peel increased serum thiocyanate on day 60 (p less than 0.01) and day 90 (p less than 0.01) of the trial, while the crude protein level increased it (p less than 0.05) on days 30 and 90, respectively. interaction of the two factors was significant on ... | 1984 | 6506092 |
| the nucleotide sequence of maize streak virus dna. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna of maize streak virus (msv) has been determined. the data were accommodated into one dna circle of 2687 nucleotides, in contrast to previously characterised geminiviruses which have been shown to possess two circles of dna. comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the dna of msv with those of cassava latent virus (clv) and tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) showed no detectable homology. analysis of open reading frames revealed seven potential coding regions fo ... | 1984 | 6526009 |
| [nutritive value of diets based on tubers and legumes consumed in 3 different proportions]. | this study was an attempt to determine the nutritional value of diets based on mixtures of manioc and cowpea flours. the proportions analyzed were 87/13, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively. the effect of supplementing these diets with methionine was also investigated. the nutritional value of the diets was evaluated using as a basis the percentage of utilizable protein. findings revealed that the protein was best utilized when the percentages of manioc and cowpea flours were 50/50, with significant d ... | 1984 | 6536219 |
| [sterility caused by protein deficiency: the role of prolactin]. | the first piece of research was made on mice in order to try to determine the importance of the ration of protein in the food in the maintenance of pregnancy and the mechanism by which protein lack leads to sterility. five groups of 100 couples were given diets which contained 23.5%, 12.48%, 10.50%, 7.01% and 0% of protein respectively over a period of 100 days. the drop in the percentage of protein was obtained by adding detoxicated cassava flour and the diet without any protein was made up of ... | 1984 | 6539794 |
| the use of blends of cassava flour and extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for broiler chickens. | a study was conducted to determine the effects of blending different levels of a low-prussic acid cassava flour with extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for growing broiler chickens. the full-fat soybeans contribute oil which increases the energy content of the diet, aids in overcoming the dusty nature of cassava, and provide high-quality protein. one-third, two-thirds, and all of the maize was replaced by cassava in diets with none, 12.5 and 25% extruded full-fat soybeans. diets were fed in pel ... | 1984 | 6544063 |
| natural toxins in plant foods. | certain plants - notably soya bean and cassava - contain substances which can produce adverse physiological effects in human beings. people have in some instances learnt to deal with these effects by cooking and other forms of preparation. | 1984 | 6544944 |
| [digestibility, protein value and protein requirements of diets based on plantain/bean and cassava/bean in young adults]. | information is provided on the nitrogen intake for nitrogen equilibrium in young human adults fed a cassava/bean diet and a plantain/bean diet. ten individuals participating in each study ingested levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g protein/kg/day at a constant energy level (45 kcal/kg/day), using the short-term nitrogen balance method with multiple intakes. even with intakes of 105.7 and 117.4 mg n/kg/day for the cassava/bean and plantain/bean diets, the experimental subjects did not reach a positi ... | 1984 | 6545646 |
| aspects of smoking in developing countries in africa. | this discussion of smoking in developing countries in africa focuses on the cultivation of tobacco and the economics of tobacco smoking. the cultivation of tobacco in africa has been encouraged in recent years by multinational companies, especially british american tobacco and rothmans, thus avoiding import duty on raw materials and conservation of scarce foreign exchange. in nigeria, 60,000 farmers now grow tobacco on 120,000 acres. the 3 major deleterious effects of cultivating tobacco are: ... | 1983 | 6582385 |
| factors affecting the capture of dietary nitrogen by micro-organisms in the forestomachs of the young steer. experiments with [15n]urea. | for a period of at least 2 weeks before an experimental collection each of four young steers received total daily intakes consisting of approximately (g/kg) 600 straw and 400 concentrates with the nitrogen provided mainly as urea and in which the main energy source was starch (tapioca) for diet 1 and glucose for diet 2. concentrates were given twice daily at about 09.00 and 17.00 hours, straw at 17.00 hours only. the value for the ratio, rumen-degradable n: metabolisable energy (g/mj) in the dai ... | 1983 | 6615770 |
| factors influencing the digestion of dietary carbohydrates between the mouth and abomasum of steers. | six protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with either barley straw (bs) or alkali-treated barley straw (bsa). other diets used were supplemented with urea (bsu and bsau respectively) or contained fish meal in place of tapioca bsf and bsaf respectively). the diets were given in a 6 x 6 latin square design. diets were isoenergetic and provided sufficient metabolizable energy (me) to suppor ... | 1983 | 6615772 |
| the chemical composition and true metabolisable energy content of cassava root meal imported into northern ireland. | | 1983 | 6632790 |
| production of oxalic acid by some fungi infected tubers. | oxalic acid (as oxalate) was detected in four tubers commonly used for food in nigeria-dioscorea rotundata (white yam), solanum tuberosum (irish potato), ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), and manihot esculenta (cassava). whereas healthy i. batata had the highest oxalic acid content, healthy m. esculenta contained the lowest. when all tubers were artifically inoculated with four fungi-penicillium oxalicum curie and thom, aspergillus niger van tiegh, a. flavus and a. tamarii kita, there was an incre ... | 1983 | 6670294 |
| effect of feeding cooked tapioca as compared to rice on the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rats. | | 1983 | 6671677 |
| effects of level of dietary intake and physical form of protein supplement on the digestibilities of different dietary carbohydrates between mouth and abomasum of young steers. | steers fitted with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given isoenergetic diets of rolled barley and chopped straw, pelleted together with some tapioca alone (b) or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soyabean meal (m) or finely ground soyabean flour (f). the diets were given at two levels to support 0.5 (l) and 1.0 (h) kg/d live weight gain. chromic oxide and peg were given as digesta flow markers. mouth to abomasum digestibilities of different dietary sugars at the low level of intake (lb ... | 1983 | 6686438 |
| the simultaneous estimation of the amounts of protozoal, bacterial and dietary nitrogen entering the duodenum of steers. | four steers were given straw and tapioca diets, twice daily, in a 4 x 4 latin-square design. these diets, containing 4.2 g nitrogen/kg dry matter (dm), were further supplemented with either urea, decorticated groundnut meal (dcgm), untreated (ut) casein or formaldehyde-treated (ft) casein to give a total of 19.7 g n/kg dm and 10.5 mj/kg dm daily. concurrent samples of rumen bacteria and protozoa and abomasal digesta were collected for each period of the experiment and the concentrations of 2-ami ... | 1984 | 6689939 |
| the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the degradability of feed nitrogen between the mouth and abomasum in steers given different diets. | protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with barley straw (bs) or alkali-treated barley straw (bsa). other diets were supplemented with urea (bsu and bsau respectively) or with fish meal replacing the tapioca (bsf and bsaf respectively). the diets were isoenergetic and calculated to provide sufficient metabolizable energy (me) to support a growth rate of 0.5 kg/d. rumen-degradable nitrogen ... | 1984 | 6689944 |
| the nutritional value of cassava root meal in laying hen diets. | | 1984 | 6708461 |
| cassava as a food. | this review has attempted to examine information pertaining to the role of cassava (manihot esculenta) as a major food source for a large part of the world population, particularly the countries of south america, africa, and asia, where it is primarily a major source of energy for 300 to 500 million people. its cultivation, usually on small farms with little technology, is estimated to cover on an annual basis about 11 million hectares providing about 105 million tons, more than half of which is ... | 1982 | 6756790 |
| optimal level of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) flour in the diet of the growing chick. | | 1980 | 6781176 |
| feed value of heated and unheated cassava starch for chicks. | | 1980 | 6784412 |
| [preliminary serological study of fungus cultivated by the manioc ant acromyrmex octospinosus reich in guadeloupe]. | the serologic study of four strains of fungus cultivated by acromyrmex octospinosus (reich) in guadeloupe has revealed four major antigens common to all four strains. two additional weaker antigens were present in some but not all strains, which may indicate quantitative differences in viral particles in the hyphae of the fungi. the use of serological techniques should facilitate taxonomic study of the fungi (and possibly the virus or viruses which parasitize the fungi) cultivated by different s ... | 1981 | 6788387 |
| endemic goiter in vietnam. | endemic goiter involves about 15% of the population of vietnam. to define the role of various factors which contribute to endemic goiter in vietnam, we surveyed 935 people in vancon, a lowland commune with goiter appearing only in the past decade, and 619 people in dich giao, a highland commune with endemic goiter treated erratically with iodized salt. in dich giao, cassava, a goitrogenic food, constitutes half of the dietary caloric intake. the prevalence of goiter was 45% in vancon and 28% in ... | 1983 | 6863473 |
| use of cassava leaf meal in diets for pigs in the humid tropics. | | 1982 | 7157480 |
| lipid metabolism in rats fed rice and tapioca. | | 1982 | 7174042 |
| effect of rice & tapioca on lipids concentration in tissues in rats under different conditions of dietary intake of protein & fat. | | 1980 | 7216262 |
| methionine requirement of weanling large white x landrace pigs and determined by plasma urea concentration, nitrogen retention and some urinary nitrogenous components. | the methionine requirements of weanling large white x landrace pigs fed a 20% protein cassava flour-soybean meal diet were evaluated using nitrogen balance, plasma urea concentration, urinary nitrogenous end products and the index--(allantoin/urinary urea) x protein intake (a/u x ip). sensitivities of the response criteria to sex differences in methionine requirements were compared. allantoin excretion consistently and significantly (p less than 0.05) increased with increasing methionine levels ... | 1981 | 7241224 |
| performance and pathophysiological changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide. | | 1981 | 7255905 |
| [effect of the cooking-extrusion process (brady crop cooker) on the nutritive value of mixtures based on cowpea (vigna sinensis)-corn, and cowpea-cassava]. | | 1980 | 7283629 |
| the teratogenic effects of dietary cassava on the pregnant albino rat: a preliminary report. | cassava is a tuberous root of a shrublike plant cultivated in tropical rain forests as a staple food in south eastern nigeria. reports are on record showing correlation between cassava intake and occurrence of various types of neuropathies (money, '59; monekosso and wilson, '66; osuntokun et al., '68,'69). about 0.1-2 mg of cyanide/100 gm is released from cassava by action of hydrolase (paula and rangel, '46). it has been suspected by several local clinicians as a cause of congenital anomalies i ... | 1981 | 7330778 |
| [sensitivity of different biological methods for differentiating the protein value of various foods]. | the nutritive value of proteins from different sources was studied. the value for per, weight of the animals, iec, npr, ndpcal%, digestibility (d), and biological value (bv) was determined with diets containing 7% of total protein. the best results were obtained for milk, opaque-2 corn, rice and soybeans. the association of rice + soybeans was optimum. the results suggest also that it is advantageous to supplement wheat with cassava. comparison of the results obtained by the different biological ... | 1981 | 7337518 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris: clinicopathological correlation with results of fluorescein angiography. | a tapioca melanoma in a 75-year-old caucasian man was shown by light microscopy to consist of spindle b cells with abundant vesicular cytoplasm, minimal pigmentation and surface nodularity that correlated with the gross appearance. electron microscopy showed spindle shaped cells with multiple premelanosomes and melanin granules. iris angiography demonstrated an irregular crisscrossing vascular network with a papillary configuration and fluorescein leakage confined to the tumour. the clinical app ... | 1981 | 7344765 |
| [effects of soluble carbohydrates from several tropical foods (cassava, peanuts, coconut and papaya) on calcium utilization in the rat]. | ethanolic extracts containing soluble sugars were prepared from four foods : cassava, peanut, coconut and papaye. six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mm cacl2 solution (+ 45ca) containing a carbohydrate. depending on the group, the carbohydrate was glucose or melibiose or raffinose at 200 mm concentration, or one ethanolic extract. blood samples were taken at different times after the administration and plasma radioactivity was measured. rats were sacrificed at 24 hours; femur radio ... | 1980 | 7469261 |
| [biomass production enriched in intracellular methionine by a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae]. | according with fao reported data the methionine intracellular content in saccharomyces cerevisiae is higher than another yeast. for increasing the yeast methionine internal concentration three s. cerevisiae mutant strains were chosen (m2, m4 y m9), obtained by ethionine (0.1 mg/ml) and norleucine (0.33 mg/ml) resistance by gonzález miliani (personal communication). the resistance levels in culture were modified until selection of a mutant lf-m9 etr norr, which shows resistance to ethionine (6 mg ... | 1993 | 7483968 |
| investigations on preileal digestion of starch from grain, potato and manioc in horses. | in this study preileal starch digestibility of starchy feeds (oats, corn, barley, potatoes, manioc) was determined in seven jejunofistulated horses. the grains were fed whole (oats, corn), rolled (oats, barley), crushed, ground and expanded (corn); the potatoes were fresh, the manioc rolled. ground corn was also fed in combination with amylase. the feeds were fed partly isolated or in combination with alfalfa meal or hay (table 1). at least four horses with a cannula in the terminal jejunum were ... | 1995 | 7495169 |
| a comparative study of cadmium, lead, zinc, ph, and bulk density from the enyigba lead and zinc mine in two different seasons. | soil ph and bulk density, as well as the concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) in soils and these metal levels in the leaves of cassava (manihot esculenta) and rice (oryza sativa), both collected, respectively, in the dry season (december) of 1991 and the rainy season (september) of 1992 from the enyigba lead and zinc mine, nigeria, were investigated. interspecific variations in trace element levels in the plant leaves were detected and may reflect the predilection of these pl ... | 1995 | 7498063 |
| serological relationships and epitope profiles of isolates of okra leaf curl geminivirus from africa and the middle east. | a panel of seven murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against particles of okra leaf curl virus (olcv), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus which is prevalent in west africa. the mabs detected at least six distinguishable epitopes, two continuous and four discontinuous. in tests with these mabs, relatively little antigenic variation was found among 24 olcv isolates from burkina faso, chad, ghana, ivory coast, nigeria, oman and saudi arabia, each virus isolate reacting with at least five ... | 1993 | 7506936 |
| complementation of african cassava mosaic virus ac2 gene function in a mixed bipartite geminivirus infection. | we have previously demonstrated that african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dnas a and b efficiently complement the systemic spread of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) dna a when co-agroinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. here, we show that a mixture of an acmv dna a ac2 mutant and dna b that is normally unable to systemically infect n. benthamiana can do so at low frequency when co-agroinoculated with tgmv dna a. analysis of viral dna showed that the ac2 mutation was retained during infection. ... | 1995 | 7561766 |
| cyanide detoxification in cassava for food and feed uses. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important tropical root crop providing energy to about 500 million people. the presence of the two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in cassava is a major factor limiting its use as food or feed. traditional processing techniques practiced in cassava production are known to reduce cyanide in tubers and leaves. drying is the most ubiquitous processing operation in many tropical countries. sun drying eliminates more cyanide than oven drying ... | 1995 | 7576161 |
| contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of cassava. | the effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting cassava on cyanogen levels was examined. six out of eight batches of disinfected cassava root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi geotrichum candidum, mucor racemosus, neurospora sitophila, rhizopus oryzae and rhizopus stolonifer, or a bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented cassava flours from uganda. one non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. lev ... | 1995 | 7577362 |
| regulation of african cassava mosaic virus complementary-sense gene expression by n-terminal sequences of the replication-associated protein ac1. | fragments of the african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) genome, cloned upstream of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in an expression cassette, were analysed for their ability to direct complementary-sense gene expression in tobacco protoplasts by measuring gus activity. five arbitrary domains (a-e) have been designated that contribute to the expression of ac1 (replication-associated protein) and ac4. consistent with earlier reports, ac1 gene expression was negatively regulated (80% reduct ... | 1995 | 7595345 |
| effective ribozyme delivery in plant cells. | hammerhead ribozyme sequences were incorporated into a tyrosine trna (trna(tyr)) and compared with nonembedded molecules. to increase the levels of ribozyme and control antisense in vivo, sequences were expressed from an autonomously replicating vector derived from african cassava mosaic geminivirus. in vitro, the nonembedded ribozyme cleaved more target rna, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), than the trna(tyr) ribozyme. in contrast, the trna(tyr) ribozyme was considerably more e ... | 1995 | 7597097 |
| fate in humans of dietary intake of cyanogenic glycosides from roots of sweet cassava consumed in cuba. | we studied if consumption of boiled fresh roots from sweet cassava varieties grown in cuba resulted in exposure to cyanogenic glycosides and their final breakdown product, cyanide. when adult, nonsmoking subjects consumed 1-4 kg cassava over 2 days, their urinary levels of the main cyanide metabolite, thiocyanate, only increased from a mean +/- sem of 12 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2 mumol/l, indicating a negligible cyanide exposure. their mean urinary linamarin, the main cyanogenic glucoside in cassava, in ... | 1995 | 7613736 |
| evaluation of a layer diet formulated from non-conventional feedingstuffs. | 1. a layer diet, the formulation of which was based on several non-conventional feedingstuffs, was evaluated at the research station and under small farm conditions in sri lanka. the new feedingstuffs included finger millet, rice polishings, rubber seed meal, cassava leaf meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and dried poultry manure. a commercial mash, that is normally used on the farm, served as the control. 2. the performance and egg quality characteristics were similar between the test and control diets ... | 1995 | 7614021 |
| reducing cassava toxicity by heap-fermentation in uganda. | processing of cassava roots by the alur tribe in uganda includes a stage of solid substrate fermentation in heaps. changes in cyanogen levels during the process, microflora involved, and protein levels, amino acid patterns and mycotoxin contamination of the final products were studied. processing was monitored at six rural households and repeated at laboratory site, comparing it to sun-drying. flour samples from rural households were analysed for residual cyanogens, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity an ... | 1995 | 7621084 |
| characteristics of digestion of linted and lint-free cottonseed in diets for feedlot cattle. | eight holstein steers (439 kg) with "t" cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate the characteristics of digestion of pima cottonseed. treatments consisted of a basal growing-finishing diet containing (dm basis) 1) 15% tapioca, 2) 15% whole linted cottonseed (delta pine 61, dp); 3) 15% whole lint-free cottonseed (pima, pw), and 4) 15% ground pima cottonseed (pg). substitution of tapioca with cottonseed decreased (p < .05) ruminal and total tract digestion of om (10.8 and ... | 1995 | 7665354 |
| cytosine methylation inhibits replication of african cassava mosaic virus by two distinct mechanisms. | extrachromosomally replicating viral dna is usually free of cytosine methylation and viral templates methylated in vitro are poor substrates when used in replication assays. we have investigated the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by dna methylation using as a model the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. we have constructed two component helper systems which allow for separation of the transcriptional inhibition of viral genes necessary for replication from replication inhibitio ... | 1993 | 7688453 |
| reduction of cyanide levels in cassava during sequential sundrying and solid state fermentation. | the cyanide levels were followed during protein enrichment of cassava by the fungus aspergilus oryzae. the total cyanogen level decreased by 158 mg/kg dry weight to 54.2 mg/kg dry weight as a result of the whole process including fermentation. the cyanogenic glucoside level decreased by 88% during the fermentation process while acetone cyanohydrin was retained in the cassava. the prefermentation processing which involved crushing, sundrying and milling the cassava into flour, reduced the total c ... | 1995 | 7712337 |
| the adverse effects of long-term cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) consumption. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important dietary staple for more than 500 million people in developing countries. people eat 60% of the cassava produced and one third of the harvest feeds animals. all cultivars of cassava contain the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin, but in different concentrations. the roots of those cultivars with high cyanogenic content are processed to reduce the level of linamarin, because linamarin is hydrolysed in the intestinal tract of both men and animals by m ... | 1995 | 7712344 |
| consumer acceptability of stiff porridge based on various composite flour proportions of sorghum, maize and cassava. | a study was conducted to determine consumer acceptable proportions of flours in sorghum (var. serena) and maize or sorghum, maize and cassava composite flours. breeder's serena flour extracted at 75 percent was mixed at various proportions with maize or with maize and cassava to constitute composite flours. the various composite flours were made into stiff porridge and presented to a group of panellists for sensory evaluation. the evaluation was conducted by scoring on a hedonic scale of 0-5 for ... | 1994 | 7716110 |
| utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. | mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with either sacchromyces cerevisiae or candida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. the results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. it was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sul ... | 1994 | 7716117 |
| purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from aspergillus flavus. | aspergillus flavus produced approximately 50 u/ml of amylolytic activity when grown in liquid medium with raw low-grade tapioca starch as substrate. electrophoretic analysis of the culture filtrate showed the presence of only one amylolytic enzyme, identified as an alpha-amylase as evidenced by (i) rapid loss of color in iodine-stained starch and (ii) production of a mixture of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as starch digestion products. the enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfa ... | 1994 | 7729774 |
| mutagenesis of the bc1 and bv1 genes of african cassava mosaic virus identifies conserved amino acids that are essential for spread. | the products of three open reading frames encoded by the bipartite geminiviruses have been implicated in viral spread: ac2, bv1 and bc1. alignment of the dna b encoded gene products, bv1 and bc1, from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) with six other bipartite geminiviruses showed several highly conserved regions. specific amino acids were selected for mutagenic studies to ascertain the tolerance of the virus to change and to identify the regions within these two proteins required for normal fu ... | 1995 | 7730816 |
| molecular cloning of indian tomato leaf curl virus genome following a simple method of concentrating the supercoiled replicative form of viral dna. | dna-a and dna-b components of the genome of a whitefly transmitted virus causing yellowing and leaf curl in tomato (itlcv) were cloned following a simple procedure for isolation of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna from infected tomato plants. the method is based on extraction of total dna from infected plants followed by concentration of the double stranded replicative form of viral dna by an alkaline denaturation procedure identical to that used for isolation of plasmid dna fro ... | 1995 | 7738150 |
| chinese squash leaf curl virus: a new whitefly-transmitted geminivirus. | coat protein (cp) gene of the chinese squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-c) was amplified through pcr, cloned and completely sequenced. based on the comparisons at the levels of both cp gene nucleotide and cp-deduced amino acid sequences with other geminiviruses, sqlcv-c is confirmed to be distinct from the american squash leaf curl virus (sqlcv-e). it is a new geminivirus transmitted by whitefly bemisia tabaci, which infects dicotyledonous plants and is more closely related to the indian cassava mos ... | 1995 | 7755872 |
| a survey of the incidence of salmonella species and enterobacteriaceae in poultry feeds and feed components. | between july 1990 and april 1991 the rate of contamination with salmonella species of poultry feeds and feed components used by the dutch feed industry was surveyed. ten per cent of 360, 10 g samples of poultry feeds were found to be contaminated. mash feeds, mostly used for layer-breeders, were far more frequently (21 per cent) contaminated than pelleted feeds (1.4 per cent). the rate of contamination of 130 samples of fish meal was 31 per cent, of 83 samples of meat and bone meal 4 per cent, 5 ... | 1995 | 7762127 |
| nutrient content of young cassava leaves and assessment of their acceptance as a green vegetable in nigeria. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves contained a high level of crude protein (29.3-32.4% dry weight) compared to a conventional vegetable, amaranthus (19.6%). ash was 4.6-6.4% in cassava leaf samples but 13.1% dry weight in amaranthus. dietary fibre was very high in all samples (26.9-39% dry weight) while hcn-potential was low (5.1-12.6 mg/100 g dry weight). tannin was the highest in iita red cassava leaves (29.7 mg/g) and the lowest in amaranthus vegetable. in vitro digestibility was very ... | 1995 | 7784394 |
| analysis of african cassava mosaic virus recombinants suggests strand nicking occurs within the conserved nonanucleotide motif during the initiation of rolling circle dna replication. | intact clones containing partial repeats of the genomic components of african cassava mosaic (acmv dnas a and b) are infectious when mechanically coinoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana. monomeric genomic components may be generated either by homologous recombination or, when two copies of the origin of replication (ori) are present, by a modified rolling circle replication mechanism in which nascent single-stranded dna is resolved by the introduction of nicks at both oris. dna b partial repeats ... | 1995 | 7831830 |
| tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india has a bipartite genome and coat protein is not essential for infectivity. | genomes of two isolates of tomato leaf curl geminivirus from india (tolcv-india) have been sequenced. tolcv-india contains a and b components, both of which are required for systemic movement and symptom development. the two isolates have 94% sequence identify but one isolate gave mild symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. the genome organization of tolcv-india is similar to other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) with bipartite genomes. however, it contains an additional orf, av ... | 1995 | 7844539 |