| host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | this study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, sitona lepidus gyllenhal, to locate white clover trifolium repens l. (fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution x-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. burrowing distan ... | 2004 | 15385062 |
| isolation and characterization of dibenzofuran-degrading comamonas sp. strains isolated from white clover roots. | three dibenzofuran (df)-degrading strains were newly isolated from roots of white clover ( trifolium repens l.) and poplar trees grown in df-contaminated soil samples. these strains, designated kd2, kd7, and pd1, were characterized as comamonas sp. on the basis of their 16s rdna sequences and physiological characteristics. the metabolites produced when strain kd7 was incubated with df were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis. interestingly, strain kd7 was found to ... | 2004 | 15386118 |
| testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. | the aim of the present study was to investigate potential direct anthelmintic effects of forages that contain plant secondary metabolites (psm) towards the intestinal nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. for this purpose, we introduced an experimental design, which enabled us to investigate the direct anthelmintic effects of psm-rich forages, without significant interference of possible indirect immunological effects of psm. sixty parasite naive sheep were infected with 8000 t. colubriformis ... | 2004 | 15710524 |
| [effects of grazing on architecture and small-scale pattern of grasses on artificial grassland in subtropical zone]. | this study was conducted on a 5-year artificial grassland in subtropical zone of south china. the main types of established artificial grassland there were dactylis glomerata-lolium prenne-trifolium repens and d. glomerata-t. repens pastures. four grazing intensities were designed, i.e., ck (no grazing), g1 (6 adult sheep x hm(-2)), g2 (7.5 adult sheep x hm(-2)) and g3 (10 adult sheep x hm(-2)), and all the grazing plots were rotationally grazed. the architecture and small-scale pattern of grass ... | 2004 | 15825439 |
| establishment and growth of experimental grass species mixtures on coal mine sites reclaimed with municipal biosolids. | the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 requires that coal mine sites in the united states be reclaimed to establish vegetative cover that is diverse, native, and capable of plant succession. however, there is a question as to whether vegetation established on coal mine sites reclaimed with biosolids is diverse and capable of plant succession. the influx of nutrients with the addition of biosolids leads to long-term dominance by early-successional species, most notably grasses, an ... | 2005 | 15920668 |
| expression by soil bacteria of nodulation genes from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. | gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the soil of white clover-ryegrass pastures were screened for their ability to nodulate white clover (trifolium repens) cultivar grasslands huia and for dna homology with genomic dna from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii icmp2668 (nzp582). of these strains, 3.2% were able to hybridize with strain icmp2668 and nodulate white clover and approximately 19% hybridized but were unable to nodulate. strains which nodulated but did not hybridize with strain i ... | 1989 | 16347936 |
| localization of bacteria and hemoglobin in root nodules of parasponia andersonii containing both bradyrhizobium strains and rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. | dual occupancy of parasponia andersonii nodules with different bradyrhizobium strains and rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii was frequently obtained when two strains were inoculated into plants grown aseptically in tubes. since reisolates of bradyrhizobium strains from dually occupied nodules acquired the ability to nodulate trifolium repens, the spatial relationship of the two species of bacteria during nodule initiation and development was investigated and their proximity was demonstrated ... | 1989 | 16347995 |
| [effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on weeds growth and nitrogen uptake]. | in this paper, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the responses of different functional groups weeds to simulated nitrogen deposition (4.0 g n.m(-2).yr(-1)). native weed species poa annua, lolium perenne, avena fatua, medicago lupulina, trifolium repens, plantago virginica, veronica didyma, echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, eleusine indica and amaranthus spinosus in orchard ecosystem were used test materials, and their above-and underground biomass and nitrogen uptake were measured. ... | 2005 | 16110678 |
| activities and survival of endophytic bacteria in white clover (trifolium repens l.). | in this study, the genera, abundance, and activities of endophytic bacteria in field-grown white clover (trifolium repens) and the fate of introduced antibiotic-tolerant bacteria in white clover tissues were investigated. pseudomonas, pantoea, and corynebacterium were the most frequently isolated endophytic bacteria genera, whereas xanthomonas, microbacterium, and cellulomonas occurred less frequently. the average bacterial populations in stolons and roots were approximately 100,000 colony-formi ... | 2006 | 17110977 |
| suppression of root nodule formation by artificial expression of the trenoddr1 (coat protein of white clover cryptic virus 1) gene in lotus japonicus. | trenoddr1 (trifolium repens early nodulin downregulation 1) encodes a coat protein of white clover cryptic virus 1. its expression in white clover was down-regulated at the time when root nodules formed. we surmised that its artificial expression would interfere with root nodulation. therefore, we investigated the effects of its artificial expression on the growth and root nodulation of lotus japonicus (a model legume). transformants were prepared by agrobacterium spp.-mediated transformation. t ... | 2005 | 16255246 |
| the effect of chicory ( cichorium intybus ) and sulla ( hedysarum coronarium ) on larval development and mucosal cell responses of growing lambs challenged with teladorsagia circumcincta. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of grazing different bioactive forages on acquired immunity against teladorsagia circumcinta infection. the development of immunity was assessed by following the response of trickle-infected lambs grazing chicory (cichorium intybus; ic), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; is) or grass/clover (lolium perenne/trifolium repens; igc), to a single challenge infection. parasite-naive lambs, grazing grass/clover, were also challenged with the single infect ... | 2006 | 16332288 |
| root hair deformations associated with fractionated extracts from rhizobium trifolii. | components from culture fluid and whole cells of rhizobium trifolii were examined for effects on root hair morphology of white clover seedlings (trifolium repens var. ladino). cell-free culture fluid, exopolysaccharides, supernatant fluid from the precipitation of the exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and a protein fraction from culture fluids were assayed for morphogenetic effects on the root hairs of axenically grown clover seedlings. crude fractions were chrom ... | 1985 | 16346709 |
| association of rhizobium strains with roots of trifolium repens. | two techniques were used to assess the binding of rhizobia to clover roots: indirect counting after radiolabeling the bacteria and direct counting by using phase-contrast microscopy. microscopic observations revealed a large variability in the number of bacteria associated with individual root hairs. this variability made unbiased counting by microscopy difficult. systematic examination of all visible root hairs and "blind" counting of coded strains and treatments were adopted to minimize observ ... | 1985 | 16346819 |
| influence of soil and nonsoil environments on nodulation by rhizobium trifolii. | indigenous serotypes 1-01 and 2-02 of rhizobium trifolii occupied similar percentages (18 to 23%) of root nodules on soil-grown subclover (trifolium subterraneum l.) and were virtually absent (4.5%) from nodules of soil-grown white clover (trifolium repens l.). in contrast (with the exception of one dilution [10]), serotype 1-01 occupied a substantial portion of nodules (16 to 40%) on white clover seedlings grown on mineral salts agar and exposed to samples of the same soil in the form of a 10-f ... | 1987 | 16347307 |
| nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen oxidation by pigeon pea bradyrhizobium spp. in symbiotic association with pigeon pea, cowpea, and soybean. | the pigeon pea strains of bradyrhizobium cc-1, cc-8, uasgr(s), and f4 were evaluated for nodulation, effectiveness for n(2) fixation, and h(2) oxidation with homologous and nonhomologous host plants. strain cc-1 nodulated macroptilium atropurpureum, vigna unguiculata, glycine max, and g. soja but did not nodulate pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, trigonella foenum-graecum, and trifolium repens. strain f4 nodulated g. max cv. peking and pi 434937 (malayan), but the symbioses formed were poor. si ... | 1988 | 16347542 |
| role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation. | plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ... | 2007 | 17849850 |
| ecological indicators of native rhizobia in tropical soils. | the relationship between environment and abundance of rhizobia was described by determining the populations of root nodule bacteria at 14 diverse sites on the island of maui. mean annual rainfall at the sites ranged from 320 to 1,875 mm, elevation from 37 to 1,650 m, and soil ph from 4.6 to 7.9. four different soil orders were represented in this study: inceptisols, mollisols, ultisols, and an oxisol. the rhizobial populations were determined by plant infection counts of five legumes (trifolium ... | 1988 | 16347624 |
| reliability of the most-probable-number technique for enumerating rhizobia in tropical soils. | we used six rhizobium-legume systems to test the reliability of the most-probable-number (mpn) technique for enumerating rhizobia introduced into 14 sites representing four soil orders. the range-of-transition values (the number of dilution steps between the first not-entirely-positive and the last not-entirely-negative growth units) were compared for each species and for each soil. the probability that the observed data were significantly different from theoretical values varied with the specie ... | 1988 | 16347661 |
| involvement of genes on a megaplasmid in the acid-tolerant phenotype of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. | the acid-tolerant rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain anu1173 exhibited several new phenotypes when cured of its symbiotic (sym) plasmid and the second largest megaplasmid. strain p22, which has lost these two plasmids, had reduced exopolysaccharide production and cell mobility on ty medium. the parent strain anu1173 was able to grow easily in laboratory media at ph 4.5, whereas the derivative strain p22 was unable to grow in media at a ph of <4.7. the intracellular ph of strain anu11 ... | 1993 | 16348908 |
| forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region. | small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ... | 2008 | 18407993 |
| biological monitoring of ozone: the twenty-year italian experience. | tropospheric ozone is a growing environmental menace in italy and in the whole mediterranean basin. the importance of active biomonitoring of this pollutant with hypersensitive bel-w3 tobacco plants is stressed, and several examples of field studies carried out in italy with this technique are presented. current limitations are discussed, with special emphasis on data quality assessment and the opportunity of adopting easy-to-use kits based on tobacco germlings instead of adult plants. a standar ... | 2006 | 16395456 |
| clovers secrete specific phenolic compounds which either stimulate or repress nod gene expression in rhizobium trifolii. | rhizobium trifolii mutants containing escherichia coli lac gene fusions to specific nodulation (nod) genes were used to characterise phenolic compounds secreted from the roots of white clover (trifolium repens) plants. these compounds either had stimulatory or inhibitory effects upon the induction of the nod genes. the stimulatory compounds were hydroxylated flavones and the most active compound was 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. the inhibitory compounds present in white clover root exudates were umbell ... | 1987 | 16453763 |
| cyanobacterial chemotaxis to extracts of host and nonhost plants. | chemotaxis may be important when forming cyanobacterial symbioses. however, knowledge of cyanobacterial attraction towards plants and factors affecting chemotaxis is limited. chemo-attraction was observed in nostoc strains 8964:3 and pcc 73102 towards exudate or crushed extract of the natural hosts gunnera manicata, cycas revoluta and blasia pusilla, and the nonhost plants trifolium repens, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. as all tested plant extracts generated chemotaxis, the possibility ... | 2006 | 16466377 |
| c(4)-dicarboxylate transport mutants of rhizobium trifolii form ineffective nodules on trifolium repens. | mutants of rhizobium trifolii strain 7012 defective in c(4)-dicarboxylate transport were isolated by using a selective procedure based on ph indicator media. the mutant strains cr7098 and cr7099 failed to grow on or transport succinate, fumarate, or malate, but grew at wild-type rates on several other carbon sources. the c(4)-dicarboxylate transport system was inducible in strain 7012, but was expressed constitutively in four out of five succinate-positive revertants of strain cr7098. in the fif ... | 1981 | 16593058 |
| transformation of copper fractions in rhizosphere soil of two dominant plants in a deserted land of copper tailings. | this paper studied the transformation of copper fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of festuca arundinacea and trifolium repens in deserted land of copper tailings. the results showed that the proportion of organic-bound or exchangeable contents to the total contents of copper in rhizosphere increased by 9.81 and 10.42%, while the contents of carbonate-bound or fe-mn oxides-bound decreased by 2.96 and 1.82%, respectively. the growth and absorption of f. arundinacea and t. repens a ... | 2009 | 19169613 |
| significance of treated agrowaste residue and autochthonous inoculates (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus cereus) on bacterial community structure and phytoextraction to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals. | in this study, we analyzed the impact of treatments such as aspergillus niger-treated sugar beet waste (sb), po4(3-) fertilization and autochthonous inoculants [arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and bacillus cereus], on the bacterial community structure in a soils contaminated with heavy metals as well as, the effectiveness on plant growth (trifolium repens). the inoculation with am fungi in sb amended soil, increased plant growth similarly to po4(3-) addition, and both treatments matched in p a ... | 2009 | 19185328 |
| population dynamics of banded thrips (aeolothrips intermedius bagnall, thysanoptera, aeolothripidae) and its potential prey thysanoptera species on white clover. | in 2002, the occurrence of banded thrips (aeolothrips intermedius bagnall) and some other thysanoptera species on white clover (trifolium repens l.) was monitored at two locations in the continental part of slovenia. white clover presents in many countries important intercrop in integrated vegetable production. light blue sticky boards were placed on grasslands (one parcel on each location) with high percentage of white clover. sticky boards were changed in about 10-days intervals from the end o ... | 2005 | 16628913 |
| the consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs. | the objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of short-term grazing on bioactive forages on (i) the viability and fecundity of established adult teladorsagia circumcincta population and (ii) the establishment and development of incoming t. circumcincta infective larvae. forty-eight, parasite naive, 3-month old, grazing lambs were artificially infected with 8000 infective larvae of t. circumcincta on day 1 of the experiment. on day 21 p.i., lambs were allocated to one of three b ... | 2005 | 15722084 |
| effects of nematicides and plant resistance on white clover performance and seasonal populations of nematodes parasitizing white clover in grazed pasture. | root-infecting nematodes are a major cause of white clover, trifolium repens, not reaching its potential in new zealand pastures. resistance and/or tolerance are the preferred control options. greenhouse-based, recurrent selection programs have developed resistance to meloidogyne trifoliophila and heterodera trifolii, and a field-based program has developed tolerance. lines from these programs were compared with commercial cultivars as controls in a series of field trials at four sites over 4 ye ... | 2007 | 19259502 |
| resistance reactions to meloidogyne trifoliophila in trifolium repens and t. semipilosum. | the predominant root-knot nematode in new zealand pastures is meloidogyne trifoliophila, and a recurrent selection program in trifolium repens has developed resistance to this species. no data are available, however, on the mechanisms of resistance in t. repens or resistant genotypes of t. semipilosum. the development of m. trifoliophila in roots of t. repens and t. semipilosum was examined weekly after a 2-day inoculation with eggs. more second-stage juveniles (j2) were found in two resistant g ... | 2004 | 19262831 |
| host-parasite relationships of meloidogyne trifoliophila isolates from new zealand. | root-infecting nematodes are commonly found on white clover in new zealand pasture where they reduce yield, nitrogen fixation, and persistence. the dominant root-knot nematode on white clover in new zealand is confirmed in this study as meloidogyne trifoliophila by isozyme phenotype comparison with the type population from tennessee. results from a host differential test differed in the host ranges of m. trifoliophila and m. hapla from new zealand locations, with m. trifoliophila failing to repr ... | 1997 | 19274134 |
| evaluation of 15 trifolium spp. and of medicago sativa as hosts of four meloidogyne spp. found in new zealand. | the predominant root-knot nematode in new zealand pastures is meloidogyne trifoliophila, identified until recently as m. hapla. clarification was needed on the host range of these two species on legumes found in new zealand pastures and on clover species closely related to trifolium repens. in a greenhouse test, 15 trifolium spp. and medicago sativa were inoculated with eggs of m. trifoliophila, m. hapla, m. incognita, or m. javanica. all legumes tested were hosts to some degree to each of the r ... | 1997 | 19274267 |
| [effects of alternaria azukiae on physiological metabolism and active oxygen-eliminating enzyme activities of trifolium repens]. | a pot experiment was installed to study the effects of alternaria azukiae inoculation on the cell membrane permeability, pigment and mda contents, and activities of sod, pod and cat of trifolium repens. the results showed that a. azukiae infection made t. repens leaf tissue increase its cell membrane permeability, electric conductivity, over-oxidation and mda content, but decrease its pigment content. the electric conductivity and mda content were positively related with infection time, whereas ... | 2005 | 15943371 |
| mycorrhizas improve nitrogen nutrition of trifolium repens after 8 yr of selection under elevated atmospheric co2 partial pressure. | altered environmental conditions may change populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and thereby affect mycorrhizal functioning. we investigated whether 8 yr of free-air co2 enrichment has selected fungi that differently influence the nutrition and growth of host plants. in a controlled pot experiment, two sets of seven randomly picked single spore isolates, originating from field plots of elevated (60 pa) or ambient co2 partial pressure (pco2), were inoculated on nodulated trifolium repens ( ... | 2005 | 15998404 |
| quantitative contributions of blue light and par to the photocontrol of plant morphogenesis in trifolium repens (l.). | shade-avoidance is a major adaptive response of plants, and is usually considered to be controlled by phytochromes through the perception of changes in the red:far red light ratio. however, few studies on the effects of blue light (bl) and of light intensity [photosynthetically active radiation (par)] on light-grown plants have been conducted, especially concerning changes in par at constant bl. the objective here was to quantify the photocontrol of aerial morphogenesis by bl and par. experiment ... | 2006 | 16798853 |
| effects of carbon dioxide on the searching behaviour of the root-feeding clover weevil sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the respiratory emission of co2 from roots is frequently proposed as an attractant that allows soil-dwelling insects to locate host plant roots, but this role has recently become less certain. co2 is emitted from many sources other than roots, so does not necessarily indicate the presence of host plants, and because of the high density of roots in the upper soil layers, spatial gradients may not always be perceptible by soil-dwelling insects. the role of co2 in host location was investigated usi ... | 2006 | 16923203 |
| [community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in jujube orchards intercropped with different herbage species]. | by using community structural characteristic indices and principal component analysis, this paper studied the community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in the jujube orchards intercropped with astrugalus complanatus, trifolium repen, lotus comiculotus, and medicago sativa. the results showed that in all test jujube orchards, spider and predatory insects were the predominant components of the predatory arthropod community, and their relative abundances were 48.3% - 52.7% and 38. ... | 2006 | 17269332 |
| enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant-pathogen systems. | predicting the magnitude of enemy release in host-pathogen systems after introduction of novel disease resistance genes has become a central problem in ecology. here, we develop a general quantitative framework for predicting changes in realized niche size and intrinsic population growth rate after introgression of disease resistance genes into wild host populations. we then apply this framework to a model host-pathogen system targeted by genetically modified and conventionally bred disease-resi ... | 2007 | 17299054 |
| trehalose biosynthesis in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and its role in desiccation tolerance. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the pasture legume trifolium repens, and t. repens seed is often coated with a compatible r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain prior to sowing. however, significant losses in bacterial viability occur during the seed-coating process and during storage of the coated seeds, most likely due to desiccation stress. the disaccharide trehalose is known to function as an osmoprotectant, and trehalose accumulation due to de novo b ... | 2007 | 17449695 |
| antagonistic interactions between plant competition and insect herbivory. | interspecific competition between plants and herbivory by specialized insects can have synergistic effects on the growth and performance of the attacked host plant. we tested the hypothesis that competition between plants may also negatively affect the performance of herbivores as well as their top-down effect on the host plant. in such a case, the combined effects of competition and herbivory may be less than expected from a simple multiplicative response. in other words, competition and herbiv ... | 2007 | 17601141 |
| larval survival of fuller's rose weevil, naupactus cervinus, on common groundcover species in orchards of new zealand kiwifruit. | fuller's rose weevil, naupactus cervinus (boheman) (curculionidae: entiminae), is an important quarantine pest of new zealand kiwifruit exported to asian markets. both adults and larvae are considered to be polyphagous. in this study, the survival of larval n. cervinus was estimated on common groundcover species of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) in the bay of plenty, the main region in new zealand where kiwifruit is grown. the botanical composition of groundcover in commercial kiwifruit orchards, ch ... | 2008 | 20298112 |
| the effectiveness of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and aspergillus niger or phanerochaete chrysosporium treated organic amendments from olive residues upon plant growth in a semi-arid degraded soil. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and a residue from dry olive cake (doc) supplemented with rock phosphate (rp) and treated with either aspergillus niger (doc-a) or phanerochaete chrysosporium (doc-p), were assayed in a natural, semi-arid soil using trifolium repens or dorycnium pentaphyllum plants. the effects of the am fungi and/or doc-a were compared with p-fertilisation (p) over eleven successive harvests to evaluate the persistence of the effectiveness of the treatments. the biomass of dual ... | 2010 | 20705386 |
| superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of herbs and pastures in northern japan determined using electron spin resonance spectrometry. | free radicals are not only destructive to the living cells but also reduce the quality of animal products through oxidation. as a result the superoxide anion radical (o2-), one of the most destructive reactive oxygen species, is a matter of concern for the animal scientists as well as feed manufacturers to ensure the quality of product to reach consumers demand. the superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (sosa) of water and meoh extracts of 2 herbs and 9 pasture samples collected from lo ... | 2007 | 17713599 |
| digestible energy content of pasture species in growing european wild boar (sus scrofa l.). | the objectives were to determine the apparent energy digestibility of six pasture species frequently grazed by european wild boar (sus scrofa l.) and to estimate the digestible energy (de) consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar. seven diets were prepared; a base diet (bd) which did not contain any pasture species, diets d1 to d5 which included 75% of the bd and 25% of the dried pasture species lolium perenne (d1), festuca arundinacea (d2), agrostis capillaris (d3), bromus staminius (d4) o ... | 2011 | 21575078 |
| host-specific regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. | strains of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (rlt) able to form effective nodules on trifolium ambiguum (caucasian clover, cc) form ineffective nodules on trifolium repens (white clover, wc), whereas strains that form effective nodules on wc usually do not nodulate cc. here, we investigate the genetic basis of the host-specific nitrogen-fixation phenotype of cc rhizobia. a cosmid library of the symbiotic plasmid from the wc rhizobium strain rlt nzp514 was introduced into the cc rhizobium stra ... | 2007 | 17768261 |
| pasture intake improves the performance and meat sensory attributes of free-range broilers. | free-range chickens are assumed to consume low to moderate levels of pasture, although the effects of forage intake in broiler performance and poultry meat quality remain to be established. in addition, despite cellulases and hemicellulases being widely used as feed supplements to improve the nutritive value of cereal-based diets for fast-growing broilers, the potential interest of these biocatalysts in the production of free-range chicken is yet to be established. in this study, broilers of the ... | 2008 | 18079453 |
| influence of pasture intake on the fatty acid composition, and cholesterol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols content in meat from free-range broilers. | over the last centuries, western diets acquired a dramatic imbalance in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) to saturated fatty acids (sfa) with a concomitant reduction in the dietary proportion of n-3 pufa. pastures are a good source of n-3 fatty acids, although the effect of forage intake in the fatty acid profile of meat from free-range chicken remains to be evaluated. in addition, it is unknown if consumer interest in specialty poultry products derived from free-range or organic p ... | 2008 | 18079454 |
| [effects of alternaria tenuis nees on trifolium repens l. under cu stress]. | with pot culture, this paper studied the effects of alternaria tenuis nees inoculation on the eco-physiological indices of trifolium repens l. leaf under cu stress. the results showed that in the control (not inoculated with the pathogen), the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoid) and soluble protein in t. repens leaves decreased markedly with increasing cu concentration (0-3000 mg x kg(-1)). the enhancement of cellular membrane lipids peroxidation with the ... | 2007 | 18260469 |
| wet oxidation pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of clover-ryegrass mixtures. | the potential of clover (trifolium repens) and ryegrass (lolium perenne) mixtures as raw materials for ethanol production was investigated. wet oxidation, at 175, 185 or 195 degrees c during 10min at two different oxygen pressures and with either addition or no addition of sodium carbonate, was evaluated as pretreatment method for clover-ryegrass mixtures. the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was significantly improved after pretreatment. the highest conversion efficiency, 93.6%, was achieved f ... | 2008 | 18514510 |
| combining winter hardiness and forage yield in white clover (trifolium repens) cultivated in northern environments. | white clover (trifolium repens) is an important component of sustainable livestock systems around the world. its exploitation for agriculture in the northern, marginal areas is, however, currently limited by the lack of cultivars that combine persistence and high production potential. the aims are to investigate whether it is feasible to create breeding material of white clover for these areas by combining winter hardiness of northerly populations with good yielding ability of more southerly cul ... | 2008 | 18772149 |
| biological, serological, and molecular variabilities of clover yellow vein virus. | abstract a comparative study was made on the host reactions, serological properties, and nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 10 clover yellow vein virus (c1yvv) isolates and one bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) isolate collected from different host plant species and locations in japan. two strains of c1yvv isolates, grouped on the basis of host reactions on chenopodium amaranticolor, c. quinoa, nicotianaclevelandii, n. benthamiana, vicia faba, and trifolium repens, corresponded ... | 1997 | 18945034 |
| plant host effect on the development of heliothis virescens f. (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | heliothis virescens f. is an important polyphagous pest that can develop on >100 plant species, including 20 economic crops. populations of this insect are believed to be locally maintained on a few crops and weed hosts in washington county, ms. to find the intrinsic value of these plants for the development of h. virescens populations, we fed different laboratory and wild colonies with fresh and lyophilized plant tissue under a constant temperature. development time of this insect under laborat ... | 2008 | 19161698 |
| involvement of the oxidative burst in phytoalexin accumulation and the hypersensitive reaction. | the role of the oxidative burst, transient production of activated oxygen species such as h(2)o(2) and superoxide (o(2) (-)) in elicitation of phytoalexins and the hypersensitive reaction (hr) was investigated in white clover (trifolium repens l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). h(2)o(2) and o(2) (-) production was measured as chemiluminescence (cl) mediated by luminol, which was added to suspension-cultured white clover just before measurement in an out-of-coincidence mode scintillation cou ... | 1992 | 16653104 |
| dna content of free living rhizobia and bacteroids of various rhizobium-legume associations. | the dna content of bacteroids from 22 different rhizobium-legume associations was compared to that of the corresponding free living rhizobium species using laser flow microfluorometry. in all 18 effective associations, the bacteroids had either similar or higher dna content than the free living rhizobia. bacteroid populations isolated from effective clover (trifolium repens) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) nodules had an average dna content of >1.5-fold higher than free living r. trifolii and r. m ... | 1979 | 16660736 |
| a simple model of feedback regulation for nitrate uptake and n2 fixation in contrasting phenotypes of white clover. | a simple three equation model is proposed for the feedback regulation of nitrate uptake and n2 fixation, based on the concentration of the organic n substrate pool within the plant and two parameters denoting the n substrate concentrations at which half-maximal inhibition occurs. this model simulated three contrasting phenotypes of white clover (trifolium repens l.) inbred lines with (1) normal rates of nitrate uptake and n2 fixation (nnu); (2) low rates of nitrate uptake (lnu); and (3) very low ... | 2002 | 12125767 |
| effect of rhizobial strain and host plant on nitrogen isotopic fractionation in legumes. | lotus pedunculatus l., medicago sativa l., macroptilium atropurpureum, glycine max, and trifolium repens l. were grown in a n-free medium and inoculated with one of ten rhizobium strains. dry matter, n content, and delta(15)n values were determined for various plant parts.nodules, with the exception of those from lucerne, were enriched in (15)n relative to atmospheric n. considerable variation was found in delta(15)n values of plant herbage (-4.5 to +0.8). the extent of isotopic discrimination w ... | 1983 | 16663110 |
| separate and combined effects of cu and cd on seedling growth and active oxygen metabolism system of trifolium repens l. | pot-culture experiments were used to examine the individual and combined effects of cu and cd pollutants on trifolium repens l. seedlings, both on their growth and their active oxygen metabolism system, mainly superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and peroxidase (pod) activities. the results showed that the negative action took place at low concentrations of cu (less than 500 ppm) and cd (less than 0.5 ppm), which had no obvious effects on the seedlings' growth. however, as the concentrati ... | 2006 | 16720357 |
| systemic colonization of clover (trifolium repens) by clostridium botulinum strain 2301. | in recent years, cases of botulism in cattle and other farm animals and also in farmers increased dramatically. it was proposed, that these cases could be affiliated with the spreading of compost or other organic manures contaminated with clostridium botulinum spores on farm land. thus, soils and fodder plants and finally farm animals could be contaminated. therefore, the colonization behavior and interaction of the botulinum neurotoxin (bont d) producing c. botulinum strain 2301 and the non-tox ... | 2015 | 26583010 |
| effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae on growth and metal uptake by four plant species in copper mine tailings. | a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in encouraging revegetation of copper (cu) mine tailings. two native plant species, coreopsis drummondii and pteris vittata, together with a turf grass, lolium perenne and a leguminous plant trifolium repens associated with and without amf glomus mosseae were grown in cu mine tailings to assess mycorrhizal effects on plant growth, mineral nutrition and metal uptake. results indicated that s ... | 2007 | 16764975 |
| evaluation of the phytoremediation potential of four plant species for dibenzofuran-contaminated soil. | in this experiment, three grasses, bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon), bent grass (agrostis palustris huds.), lawn grass (zoysia japonica), and a shallow-rooted legume, white clover (trifolium repens l.) were planted into uncontaminated soil and dibenzofuran (dbf)-contaminated soil. the germination rates of all plants were investigated using contaminated soils to evaluate their sensitivities to dbf. during 2 months of growth, the root biomass and heterotrophic microbial numbers were measured in or ... | 2009 | 19321258 |
| assessment of very long-chain fatty acids as complementary or alternative natural fecal markers to n-alkanes for estimating diet composition of goats feeding on mixed diets. | this study aimed to assess the use of very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa) as an alternative or a complement to n-alkane markers for estimation of diet composition of goats fed 7 different diets, composed of different proportions of herbaceous (lolium perenne and trifolium repens) and heathland woody species (erica umbellata, erica cinerea, calluna vulgaris, erica arborea, and ulex gallii), in a metabolism study. diet composition was estimated from vlcfa (i.e., c(22) to c(34)) and alkane (i.e., c ... | 2009 | 19395523 |
| how does sulphur availability modify n acquisition of white clover (trifolium repens l.)? | the role of s in legume growth, n uptake, and n2 fixation was investigated using white clover (trifolium repens l.) as a model species. we examined whether the effect of sulphate addition on n fixation resulted from a stimulation of host plant growth, a specific effect of s on nodulation, or a specific effect of s on nodule metabolism. clones of white clover, inoculated with rhizobium leguminosarum, were grown for 140 d in a hydroponic system with three levels of sulphate concentration (0 mm, 0. ... | 2010 | 19933318 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus cereus, and candida parapsilosis from a multicontaminated soil alleviate metal toxicity in plants. | we investigated if the limited development of trifolium repens growing in a heavy metal (hm) multicontaminated soil was increased by selected native microorganisms, bacteria (bacillus cereus (bc)), yeast (candida parapsilosis (cp)), or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), used either as single or dual inoculants. these microbial inoculants were assayed to ascertain whether the selection of hm-tolerant microorganisms can benefit plant growth and nutrient uptake and depress hm acquisition. the inoc ... | 2010 | 20013261 |
| effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambs. | forty-eight 4- to 5-yr-old blackface x bluefaced leicester (mule) ewes and their 24-d-old twin lambs were used to assess the effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (cichorium intybus) on performance and parasitism. the experiment consisted of 2 grazing periods: safe pasture period and experimental pasture period. during an adaptation period of 66 d, ewes were infected through oral dosing with teladorsagia circumcincta infective larvae (3 d per wk) and were supple ... | 2010 | 20023143 |
| williamsia phyllosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the surface of trifolium repens. | a gram-positive, non-endospore forming actinobacterium (c7t) was isolated from the leaf surface of trifolium repens. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity calculations, strain c7t was shown to belong to the genus williamsia and was most closely related to williamsia maris (98.0 %), williamsia deligens (96.4%), and williamsia serinedens (95.7%). the quinone system was determined to consist predominantly of menaquinone mk-9(h2), mk-8(h2), mk-7(h2). the polar lipid profile consisted of ... | 2010 | 21169464 |
| enhanced remediation of dioxins-spiked soil by a plant-microbe system using a dibenzofuran-degrading comamonas sp. and trifolium repens l. | in this study, rhizoremediation technology was applied to dioxins-spiked soil. a dibenzofuran-degrading bacterium comamonas sp. strain kd7, reported in the previous paper, was used in combination with white clover (trifolium repens l.). first, the effect of strain kd7 on clover seed germination and root elongation was examined in the presence of dioxins compounds. as a result, the white clover seeds inoculated with strain kd7 exhibited a higher germination efficiency and increased root elongatio ... | 2011 | 21839489 |
| effects of co-grazing dairy heifers with goats on animal performance, dry matter yield, and pasture forage composition. | mixed livestock grazing can offer an alternative management system for rearing dairy replacement heifers (bos taurus). a 2-yr study was conducted during 2009 (yr 1) and 2010 (yr 2) to determine the effects of co-grazing holstein heifers under rotational stocking with boer × kiko goats on animal performance, pasture dm yield, and botanical composition. each year, 24 heifers (134 ± 6 d of age and 147.4 ± 31.2 kg bw in yr 1; 166 ± 11 d of age and 168.0 ± 27.6 kg bw in yr 2) and 6 goats (2 yr old an ... | 2012 | 22952353 |
| meat quality of cryptorchid lambs grazing either dryland or irrigated perennial pasture with some silage supplementation. | the meat quality of lambs grazed on perennial pasture (ryegrass lolium perenne, cocksfoot, dactylis glomerata and white clover trifolium repens) was examined in three treatments; group 1 (s) lambs were grazed on dryland pasture for 30 days and then offered a supplement of pasture silage ad libitum until slaughter, 30 days later (n = 21). lambs in group 2 (p) were grazed on dryland pasture throughout (n = 28) and those in group 3 (ip) on irrigated pasture (n = 28). lambs in group ip had a signifi ... | 1998 | 22060577 |
| in vitro anthelmintic assessment of selected phytochemicals against hymenolepis diminuta, a zoonotic tapeworm. | a large number of medicinal plants are used as herbal remedy for the treatment of helminthic diseases in the developing countries, however, far too little attention has been paid to assess the anthelmintic potentials of chemical compounds that are present in these plants. this study was carried out to assess the in vitro anthelmintic effects of biochanin a, ursolic acid, betulinic acid and beta-sitosterol which are the major phytochemicals of trifolium repens, houttuynia cordata and lasia spinos ... | 2016 | 27605841 |
| efficacy of condensed tannins against larval hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) in vitro and in the intermediate host tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) in vivo. | natural anti-parasitic compounds in plants such as condensed tannins (ct) have anthelmintic properties against a range of gastrointestinal nematodes, but for other helminths such effects are unexplored. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of ct from three different plant extracts in a model system employing the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, tenebrio molitor. an in vitro study examined infectivity of h. diminuta cysticercoids (excystation success) isola ... | 2015 | 25468673 |
| duganella phyllosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the leaf surface of trifolium repens and proposal to reclassify duganella violaceinigra into a novel genus as pseudoduganella violceinigra gen. nov., comb. nov. | a bright yellow pigmented bacterium was isolated from the leaf surface of trifolium repens in germany. comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that this bacterium is most closely related to duganella zoogloeoides iam 12670(t), with a similarity of 99.3%, but revealed only a moderate similarity (96.8%) to the second duganella species, duganella violaceinigra yim 31327(t). strain t54(t) is clearly different from d. zoogloeoides iam 12670(t) in that dna-dna hybridization revealed a s ... | 2012 | 22169565 |
| diversity and biogeography of selected phyllosphere bacteria with special emphasis on methylobacterium spp. | on the basis of cultivation-dependent (isolation on mineral salt medium supplemented with 0.5% methanol) and -independent (dgge analysis) methods, we investigated the influence of the host plant species trifolium repens and cerastium holosteoides, three geographic locations and the land-use types meadow, mown pasture and pasture on the abundance and community composition of selected phyllosphere bacteria with emphasis on methylobacterium species. methylobacterium abundance was significantly high ... | 2011 | 22000032 |
| Molecular breeding of transgenic white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with field resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus through the expression of its coat protein gene. | Viral diseases, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field. Transgenic white clover plants ectopically expressing the viral coat protein gene encoded by the sub-genomic RNA4 of AMV were generated. Lines carrying a single copy of the transgene were analysed at the molecular, biochemical and phenotypic level under glasshouse and field conditions. Field resistance to AMV infection, as well as mi ... | 2011 | 21947755 |
| [soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in sloping peanut land under different planting modes in yimeng mountainous area of shandong province, east china]. | taking the typical land use type, sloping arachis hypogaea land, in yimeng mountainous area of shandong as study object, an in-situ fixed-point field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in the sloping land under different planting modes (arachis hypogaea + cynodon dactylon, i; a. hypogae + melilotus officinalis, ii; a. hypogaea + lolium multiflorum, iii; a. hypogaea + trifolium repens, iv; a. hypogaea + ... | 2012 | 23479876 |
| the molecular biology of cyanogenesis. | the cyanogenic polymorphism in trifolium repens l. (white clover) has been used as the basis of a study of the genetic control of cyanogenesis. the ac locus controls the presence of two cyanoglucosides in white clover. biochemical characterization of cyanoglucoside biosynthesis in plants containing different ac alleles has shown that this is a complex locus which affects more than one step in the pathway. a study of the in vivo synthesis and processing of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamar ... | 2011 | 3149931 |
| purification and properties of beta-mannanases i and ii from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens. mode of galactomannan degradation in vitro. | two beta-mannanases (beta-mannosidases, ec 3.2.1.25) purified from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens by a procedure that included chromatography on hydroxyapatite, gel filtration on acrylamide/agarose (ultragel 5/4) and preparative polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. the final purification step completely resolved two beta-mannanases with distinct specificities, which were termed beta-mannanase i and beta-mannanase ii. beta-mannanase i was purified 1400-fold and beta-mannanase ii 1000-fol ... | 1997 | 33664 |
| cross-protection against bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) and clover yellow vein virus by attenuated bymv isolate m11. | attenuated isolate m11 of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), obtained after exposing bymv-infected plants to low temperature, and its efficacy in cross-protecting against infection by bymv isolates from gladiolus, broad bean (vicia faba) and white clover (trifolium repens) was assessed with western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the level of cross-protection varied depending on the challenge virus isolates. cross-protection was complete against bymv isolates from gla ... | 2009 | 19203277 |
| white clover nodulation index in heavy metal contaminated soils- a potential bioindicator. | the morphological effects of heavy metal stress on the nodulation ability of rhizobium spp. and growth of white clover (trifolium repens l.) were studied in the laboratory under controlled conditions. fourteen topsoils were collected from an area with elevated metal concentrations (cd, zn, and pb). white clover was cultivated using a specialized "rhizotron" method to observe the development of root and nodule characteristics. results show effects of increasing heavy metal concentrations on nodul ... | 2009 | 19244489 |
| response of trifolium repens clones to infection by meloidogyne incognita and peanut stunt virus. | the responses of selected clones of white clover (trifolium repens) to simultaneous infection by the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and peanut stunt virus (psv) were determined. two white clover clones, which were resistant (nc-r) or sensitive (nc-s) to ozone injury, were evaluated. plant growth and m. incognita reproduction were measured. root, stolon, and top growth were reduced by psv infection, which affected nc-r more than nc-s. both clones were tolerant of m. incognita ... | 1993 | 19279855 |
| the effects of soil and trifolium repens (white clover) on the fate of estrogen. | in this study, we investigated the behavior of estrogens in the rhizosphere of white clover (trifolium repens, clover hereafter) with two different pot tests, using soil and agar as growth media. in a pot test using agar spiked with estrogen, the estrogen concentration in the agar with clover decreased to non-detectable levels within one month, while in the agar without clover, 60% of initially added estrogen remained after one month. the half-lives of estrone (e1) and 17beta -estradiol (e2) in ... | 2009 | 19280482 |
| spiroplasmas are the causal agents of citrus little-leaf disease. | a spiroplasma isolated from citrus with little-leaf disease was grown in a cell-free medium and injected into leafhoppers (euscelis plebejus). injected leafhoppers, but not those fed on infected plants, transmitted the spiroplasma to white clover (trifolium repens cv. s100) and sweet orange (citrus sinensis cv. valencia). infected clover plants were severely stunted; infected sweet orange plants showed typical symptoms of citrus little-leaf disease. the spiroplasma was detected in clover and swe ... | 1974 | 19280788 |
| [allelopathic effects of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plants]. | with growth chamber method, this paper studied the allelopathic potential of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plant species. different concentration s. canadensis root and rhizome extracts were examined, and the test plants were trifolium repens, trifolium pretense, medicago lupulina, lolium perenne, suaeda glauca, plantago virginica, kummerowia stipulacea, festuca arundinacea, ageratum conyzoides, portulaca oleracea, and amaranthus spinosus. the results showed that the allelopathic i ... | 2005 | 16515192 |
| co-infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen-resistant plants. | increasingly, pathogen-resistant (pr) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. however pr plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. in this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-resistant trifolium repens (white clover) ... | 2012 | 22471074 |
| contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains. | autochthonous microorganisms [a consortium of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (am) fungi and bacillus thuringiensis (bt)] were assayed and compared to rhizophagus intraradices (ri), bacillus megaterium (bm) or pseudomonas putida (psp) and non-inoculation on trifolium repens in a natural arid soil under drought conditions. the autochthonous bacteria bt and the allochthonous bacteria psp increased nutrients and the relative water content and decreased stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, proline and ... | 2015 | 25462971 |
| beneficial soil bacterium bacillus subtilis (gb03) augments salt tolerance of white clover. | soil salinity is an increasingly serious problem worldwide that reduces agricultural output potential. selected beneficial soil bacteria can promote plant growth and augment tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. bacillus subtilis strain gb03 has been shown to confer growth promotion and abiotic stress tolerance in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. here we examined the effect of this beneficial soil bacterium on salt tolerance in the legume forage crop, white clover. plants of white clove ... | 2014 | 25339966 |
| cumulative impact of a clover cover crop on the persistence and efficacy of beauveria bassiana in suppressing the pecan weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the pecan weevil, curculio caryae (horn), is a key pest of pecan. endemic levels of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin can occur in pecan orchards and contribute to natural control of c. caryae. commercial formulations of the fungus can also be applied for suppression of c. caryae. we hypothesized that a clover cover crop enhances b. bassiana efficacy and persistence (e.g., by protecting the fungus against abiotic environmental stresses). the hypothesis was tested ... | 2012 | 22507002 |
| ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of trifolium repens. ii. dynamics of infestation development. | trifolium repens (white clover) stolons were inoculated with ditylenchus dipsaci (stem nematode), and the development of resulting infestations was monitored. nematodes initially remained confined to superficial locations, concentrating in petiole axils near inoculation points. they were able to migrate slowly from the inidal inoculation points and infest adjacent axils, especially in regions near the stolon tip. as time progressed, in some axils, nematodes migrated through the stolon epidermis ... | 1997 | 19274169 |
| ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of trifolium repens. i. temperature effects, seedling invasion, and a field survey. | rates of development of stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) in white clover (trifolium repens) seedlings were found to be linearly related to temperature. basal developmental temperature (t(b)) was 3 degrees c, and the thermal constant (s) for development of gravid adult females from freshly laid eggs was 270 accumulated day-degrees above the t(b). only 12% at 20 degrees c and 4% at 4 degrees c of the gravid female nematodes inoculated into seedling axils successfully penetrated seedling epiderm ... | 1997 | 19274148 |
| variations in host preference among and within populations of heterodera trifolii and related species. | seven populations of heterodera trifolii from arkansas, kentucky, pennsylvania, and australia plus 3 or 4 single-cyst isolates (sci) from each population were tested for reproduction on seven species of plants to compare the host preferences among and within populations. common lespedeza, kummerowia striata cv. kobe, was a good host for all populations and isolates. therefore, a plant was considered to be a host if the number of females produced on it was 10% or more of the number on kobe. all s ... | 1999 | 19270913 |
| detection of invertebrate suppressive soils, and identification of a possible biological control agent for meloidogyne nematodes using high resolution rhizosphere microbial community analysis. | white clover (trifolium repens) is the key legume component of new zealand pastoral agriculture due to the high quality feed and nitrogen inputs it provides. invertebrate pests constrain white clover growth and this study investigated rhizosphere-associated fungal controls for two of these pests and attempts to disentangle the underpinning mechanisms. the degree of suppressiveness of 10 soils, in a latitudinal gradient down new zealand, to added meloidogyne hapla and costelytra zealandica scarab ... | 2016 | 28082997 |
| reaction of trifolium repens cultivars and germplasms to meloidogyne incognita. | ten cultivars and 13 germplasms of white clover (trifolium repens) were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita race 4. one hundred plants of each cultivar or germplasm were rated for percentage of the root system galled (prsg) at 60 days after inoculation with root-knot nematode eggs. tillman (9%) and srvr (19%) had the highest percentage of resistant plants (prsg = 0 or 1 on a scale of 0-5 ) for the cultivars and germplasms, respecti ... | 1991 | 19283168 |
| transcription of biotic stress associated genes in white clover (trifolium repens l.) differs in response to cyst and root-knot nematode infection. | the transcription of four members of the kunitz proteinase inhibitor (kpi) gene family of white clover (trifolium repens l.), designated as tr-kpi1, tr-kpi2, tr-kpi4 and tr-kpi5, was investigated at both local infection (roots) and systemic (leaf tissue) sites in white clover in response to infection with the clover root knot nematode (crkn) meloidogyne trifoliophila and the clover cyst nematode (ccn) heterodera trifolii. invasion by the crkn resulted in a significant decrease in transcript abun ... | 2015 | 26393362 |
| methylobacterium trifolii sp. nov. and methylobacterium thuringiense sp. nov., methanol-utilizing, pink-pigmented bacteria isolated from leaf surfaces. | three pink-pigmented, aerobic, gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and facultatively methylotrophic strains were isolated from the phyllosphere of trifolium repens and cerastium holosteoides. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis support the affiliation of all strains to the genus methylobacterium. the closest relatives of strains c34(t) and t5 were methylobacterium gnaphalii 23e(t) (98.0 and 98.5 % sequence similarity, respectively) and methylobacterium organophilum jcm 2833(t) (97.0 and 97.2 %, respecti ... | 2013 | 23291886 |
| genetic differentiation of trifolium repens microsymbionts deriving from zn-pb waste-heap and control area in poland. | the aim of this work was to determine the genetic structure of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii population isolated from root nodules of trifolium repens growing in heavy metal contaminated bolesław waste-heap area and compare it with that of an unpolluted control bolestraszyce population. the 684-bp long dinitrogenase reductase (nifh) gene fragments were amplified in a pcr reaction and then sequenced. an analysis of nifh gene amplicons of 21 rhizobial strains from each of the studied popula ... | 2015 | 25400035 |
| a sinorhizobium meliloti-specific n-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal increases nodule numbers in medicago truncatula independent of autoregulation. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) act as quorum sensing signals that regulate cell-density dependent behaviors in many gram-negative bacteria, in particular those important for plant-microbe interactions. ahls can also be recognized by plants, and this may influence their interactions with bacteria. here we tested whether the exposure to ahls affects the nodule-forming symbiosis between legume hosts and rhizobia. we treated roots of the model legume, medicago truncatula, with a range of ahls eit ... | 2014 | 25352858 |
| the influence of phosphorus deficiency on growth and nitrogen fixation of white clover plants. | the effects of p deficiency on growth, n(2)-fixation and photosynthesis in white clover (trifolium repens l.) plants were investigated using three contrasting relative addition rates of p, or following abrupt withdrawal of the p supply. responses to a constant below-optimum p supply rate consisted of a decline in n(2)-fixation per unit root weight and a small reduction in the efficiency with which electrons were allocated to the reduction of n(2) in nodules. abrupt removal of p arrested nodule g ... | 2002 | 12451030 |
| sequence analysis of hypothetical lysine exporter genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii from calamine old waste heaps and their evolutionary history. | the aim of this study was to identify heavy metal detoxification system in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolated from trifolium repens inhabiting old (70-100 years) zn-pb waste heaps in poland by pcr reaction with czcd1 and czcd2 primers. by sequence analysis, four different genotypes of obtained amplicons were identified among eight examined isolates. their sequence similarity ranged 91-99 %. they indicated the highest sequence identity to the hypothetical lysine exporter gene of r. leg ... | 2013 | 23322256 |
| kazusa marker database: a database for genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding in plants. | in order to provide useful genomic information for agronomical plants, we have established a database, the kazusa marker database (http://marker.kazusa.or.jp). this database includes information on dna markers, e.g., ssr and snp markers, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps, that were developed at the kazusa dna research institute. keyword searches for the markers, sequence data used for marker development, and experimental conditions are also available through this database. currently, 10 pl ... | 2014 | 25320561 |
| genome sequence of the clover symbiont rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain cc275e. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain cc275e is a highly effective, n2-fixing microsymbiont of white clover (trifolium repens l.). the bacterium has been widely used in both australia and new zealand as a clover seed inoculant and, as such, has delivered the equivalent of millions of dollars of nitrogen into these pastoral systems. r. leguminosarum strain cc275e is a rod-shaped, motile, gram-negative, non-spore forming bacterium. the genome was sequenced on an illumina miseq instrument usi ... | 2015 | 26649149 |
| cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves. | in december of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, september to november) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.)/bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flugge) sod. pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixt ... | 2012 | 22958279 |