| isolation of a cotton reversibly glycosylated polypeptide (ghrgp1) promoter and its expression activity in transgenic tobacco. | reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (rgps) are thought to be involved in polysaccharide metabolism. a cdna of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) rgp gene, designated ghrgp1, has previously been characterized, and is preferentially expressed in fiber cells. in order to investigate its temporal and spatial control, we isolated a 624bp fragment upstream of the ghrgp1 coding sequence using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based genomic walking method, transcriptionally fused the 624bp promoter sequen ... | 2006 | 16455356 |
| function analysis of promoter trapping system after inserted into cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. ) genome. | the technique of promoter trapping was developed to investigate its viability in cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) functional genomics. 141 independent transformants of cotton were generated via agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation, of which 97% showed positive by pcr detection. the reporter, gus gene, was expressed to different extent in different organs, with a frequency of 48% in roots, 9.2% in vascular bundles of stem, 5.2% in leaves, and 51% in flowers. meanwhile, we discovered t ... | 2005 | 16459655 |
| proactive spraying against boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) reduces insecticide applications and increases cotton yield and economic return. | the current standard practice of two to three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (whenever 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, control does not provide a reliably positive impact on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., yields in subtropical conditions. this study showed that four fewer spray applications in a "proacti ... | 2005 | 16539122 |
| cloning and characterization of two erebp transcription factors from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | in this research, two erebp (ethylene response element binding protein) genes were isolated by the yeast one-hybrid system, named ghereb2 and ghereb3, and both have one intron in their coding regions. the deduced amino acid sequences of ghereb2 and ghereb3 have some typical features of transcription factors, one potential basic nuclear-localization signal, one possible acidic activation domain, and one conserved dna binding domain, and they show high similarity, especially in the dna-binding dom ... | 2006 | 16545065 |
| the complete chloroplast genome sequence of gossypium hirsutum: organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fiber crop grown in 90 countries. in 2004-2005, us farmers planted 79% of the 5.7-million hectares of nuclear transgenic cotton. unfortunately, genetically modified cotton has the potential to hybridize with other cultivated and wild relatives, resulting in geographical restrictions to cultivation. however, chloroplast genetic engineering offers the possibility of containment because of maternal inheritance of transgenes. the complete chloroplast ... | 2006 | 16553962 |
| metabolism of [14c]-2,4-dichlorophenol in edible plants. | several 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-sensitive plants have been modified by genetic engineering with tfda gene to acquire 2,4-d tolerance. the expression product of this gene degrades 2,4-d to 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp), which is less phytotoxic but could cause a problem of food safety. after a comparison of 2,4-d and dcp metabolism in transgenic 2,4-d-tolerant and wild cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), a direct study of dcp metabolism in edible plants was performed. after petiolar uptake ... | 2006 | 16628540 |
| comparative study on biological parameters of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from varamin-iran. | during 2003 biological parameters of sweetpotato whitefly, b. tabaci (genn.) (horn. aleyrodidae) as a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals were studied. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from varamin-iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were r ... | 2005 | 16628901 |
| diversity of boll weevil populations in south america: a phylogeographic approach. | a phylogeographic approach was conducted to assess the geographic structure and genetic variation in populations of the boll weevil anthonomus grandis, which is the most harmful insect pest of cotton in the americas. coi and coii mitochondrial gene sequences were analyzed to test a former hypothesis on the origin of the boll weevil in argentina, brazil and paraguay, using samples from mexico and usa as putative source populations. the analysis of variability suggests that populations from south ... | 2006 | 16636929 |
| effects of ethylene on auxin transport. | the effect of ethylene on the uptake, distribution and polar transport of c(14) from indole-3-acetic acid-2-c(14) and naphthalene acetic acid-1-c(14) in tissue sections was studied. test species were cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.) and cowpea (vigna sinensis, endl.). generally, incubation of tissue or intact plants with ethylene reduced the degree of polar auxin transport. ethylene inhibited the movement of both auxins in stem tissue and iaa in petiole tissue of cotton. the effect of ethylene on ... | 1966 | 16656230 |
| oxidative and phosphorylative activities of mitochondria isolated from cotton hypocotyls. | mitochondria isolated from 2 strains of cotton plant hypocotyls (gossypium hirsutum l. var. rex smooth leaf and rex glandless) were examined for their oxidative phosphorylation activities. bovine serum albumin at a relatively high concentration was essential in the extraction medium for the isolation of oxidatively active mitochondria from both strains of cotton. phosphorylation was obtained only with rex glandless cotton mitochondria. this activity was low in comparison to the mitochondria isol ... | 1968 | 16657001 |
| growth regulator changes in cotton associated with defoliation caused by verticillium albo-atrum. | cotton plants, variety acala 4-42 family 77 (gossypium hirsutum l.,), were stem puncture-inoculated with either a defoliating isolate (t9) or a nondefoliating isolate (ss4) of verticillium albo-atrum (reinke and berth.). as symptoms developed, growth regulators were assayed in diseased plants to discern their importance in the disease syndrome.an avena coleoptile straight growth bioassay demonstrated the presence of several growth-regulatory compounds in cotton tissue extracts. indoleacetic acid ... | 1970 | 16657316 |
| auxin transport: a new synthetic inhibitor. | the new synthetic plant growth regulator dpx1840 (3,3a-dihydro-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-8h-pyrazolo [5,1-a] isoindol-8-one) was examined for its effects on auxin transport. at a concentration of 0.5 mm in the receiver agar cylinders dpx1840 significantly inhibited the basipetal transport of naphthaleneacetic acid-1-(14)c in stem sections of vigna sinensis endl., pisum sativum l., phaseolus vulgaris l., glycine max l., helianthus annuus l., gossypium hirsutum l., and zea mays l. without significantly ... | 1972 | 16658167 |
| comparative studies of glyoxysomes from various fatty seedlings. | the separation of various organelles from cotton cotyledon (gossypium hirsutum l.), cucumber cotyledon (cucumis sativus l.), peanut cotyledon (archis hypogaea l.), pine megagametophyte (pinus ponderosa laws), and watermelon cotyledon (citrullus vulgaris schrad.) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was found to be similar to that described for castor bean endosperm (ricinus communis l.). equilibrium densities were 1.12 to 1.13 g cm(3) for endoplasmic reticulum, 1.17 to 1.19 g/cm(3) for mit ... | 1975 | 16659183 |
| in vitro studies of nitrate reductase activity in cotton cotyledons: effects of dowex 1-cl and bsa. | germinating cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 16) cotyledons developed two peaks of in vitro nitrate reductase activity; the first was stable in vitro and appeared 24 hours after imbibition; and the second, which was extremely labile in vitro, began to develop after the seedlings had emerged and developed chlorophyll. nitrite reductase activity peaked only after the seedlings had emerged. dowex 1-cl (10%, w/v) and bovine serum albumin (3%, w/v) significantly improved the activity of ex ... | 1976 | 16659629 |
| emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine. | leaf discs and detached leaves exposed to l-cysteine emitted a volatile sulfur compound which was proven by gas chromatography to be h(2)s. this phenomenon was demonstrated in all nine species tested (cucumis sativus, cucurbita pepo, nicotiana tabacum, coleus blumei, beta vulgaris, phaseolus vulgaris, medicago sativa, hordeum vulgare, and gossypium hirsutum). the emission of volatile sulfur by cucumber leaves occurred in the dark at a similar rate to that in the light. the emission of leaf discs ... | 1982 | 16662510 |
| effect of cyanide in dark and light on the membrane potential and the atp level of young and mature green tissues of higher plants. | the effect of cn(-) and n(2) on the electrical membrane potential (e(m)) was compared with that of cn(-) on the atp levels in cotyledons of gossypium hirsutum and in lemna gibba l. in mature cotton tissue, cn(-) depolarized e(m) to the energy-independent diffusion potential (e(d)) in the dark. in the light e(m) recovered transiently. the same was observed in leaves of nicotiana, avena, impatiens, kalanchoë, and in lemna. in contrast, in young cotton cotyledons and tobacco leaves and, to a large ... | 1983 | 16662984 |
| simultaneous measurements of steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence and co(2) assimilation in leaves: the relationship between fluorescence and photosynthesis in c(3) and c(4) plants. | rates of co(2) assimilation and steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured simultaneously at different intercellular partial pressures of co(2) in attached cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv deltapine 16) leaves at 25 degrees c. electron transport activity for co(2) assimilation plus photorespiration was calculated for these experiments. under light saturating (1750 microeinsteins per square meter per second) and light limiting (700 microeinsteins per square meter per second) conditions ... | 1986 | 16664735 |
| udp-glucose: (1-->3)-beta-glucan synthases from mung bean and cotton: differential effects of ca and mg on enzyme properties and on macromolecular structure of the glucan product. | a re-examination of the kinetic properties of udp-glucose: (1-->3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthases from mung bean seedlings (vigna radiata) and cotton fibers (gossypium hirsutum) shows that these enzymes have a complex interaction with udp-glucose and various effectors. stimulation of activity by micromolar concentrations of ca(2+) and millimolar concentrations of beta-glucosides or other polyols is highest at low (<100 micromolar) udp-glucose concentrations. these effectors act both by raising ... | 1987 | 16665323 |
| cottonseed malate synthase : purification and immunochemical characterization. | malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2), an enzyme unique to the glyoxylate cycle, was purified to homogeneity from cotyledons of 72-hours, darkgrown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings. homogeneity of the enzyme was assessed by silver staining sds-page gels. purification was accomplished by using a single buffer medium through six steps involving one ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on three columns (sephacryl s-300, deae sephacel, phenyl sepharose). large-scale preparation of glyoxy ... | 1987 | 16665608 |
| cottonseed malate synthase : biogenesis in maturing and germinated seeds. | the activity of malate synthase (ms) (ec 4.1.3.2) appears and increases during cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seed maturation, persists through desiccation and imbibition, then increases again following germination. the research reported herein is a comparative study of the synthesis and acquisition of ms into glyoxysomes as they occur in maturing and germinated seeds. rate-zonal centrifugation of cotyledon extracts revealed that the 5 svedberg unit (s) cytosolic form of ms was the only form pre ... | 1987 | 16665609 |
| characteristics of five new photoautotrophic suspension cultures including two amaranthus species and a cotton strain growing on ambient co(2) levels. | suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), amaranthus cruentus, a. powellii, datura innoxia, and a nicotiana tabacum-n. glutinosa fusion hybrid were adapted to grow photoautotrophically under continuous light. the cotton strain grew with an atmosphere of ambient co(2) (about 0.06 to 0.07% in the culture room) while the other strains required elevated co(2) levels (5%). photoautotrophy was indicated by the requirement for co(2) and for light for growth. the strains grew with doubling tim ... | 1988 | 16666458 |
| properties of mutant acetolactate synthases resistant to triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide. | triazolopyrimidine sulfanilides are a class of highly active herbicides whose primary target is acetolactate synthase. spontaneous mutants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) (ks-43) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) (ps-3 and do-2) resistant to triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide were selected in tissue culture. acetolactate synthase partially purified from the three mutants were 80- to 1000-fold less sensitive to inhibition by the compound compared with the corresponding wild-type enzyme. the mutants al ... | 1990 | 16667692 |
| photosynthetic characterization of photoautotrophic cells cultured in a minimal medium. | photosynthetic properties of photoautotrophic suspensions cultured in a minimal growth medium have been evaluated to determine whether changes have occurred in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activity, phosphoenol-pyruvate (pep) carboxylase activity, chlorophyll content, or culture growth. five photoautotrophic lines amaranthus powellii, datura innoxia, glycine max, gossypium hirsutum, and a nicotiana tabacum-nicotiana glutinosa fusion hybrid were grown in a medium with ... | 1990 | 16667897 |
| purification and characterization of isoperoxidases elicited by aspergillus flavus in cotton ovule cultures. | two anionic isoperoxidases were isolated from media of aspergillus flavus-inoculated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovule cultures and purified about 150-fold to apparent homogeneity by treatment with cell debris remover and ion exchange chromatography on accell qma medium. these isoperoxidases were present in noninoculated cotton ovule cultures at low levels. the major activity peak (b) represented 90% of the recovered peroxidase activity and was electrophoretically homogeneous. the minor activ ... | 1991 | 16667941 |
| acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides bind to the regulatory site. | acetolactate synthase from spontaneous mutants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum; ks-43 and sk-53) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum; ps-3, psh-91, and do-2) selected in tissue culture for resistance to a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide showed varying degrees of insensitivity to feedback inhibitor(s) valine and/or leucine. a similar feature was evident in the enzyme isolated from chlorsulfuron-resistant weed biotypes, kochia scoparia and stellaria media. dual inhibition analyses of triazolopyrimidine ... | 1991 | 16668171 |
| regulation of photosynthesis by end-product accumulation in leaves of plants storing starch, sucrose, and hexose sugars. | in the present study, leaves of different plant species were girdled by the hot wax collar method to prevent export of assimilates. photosynthetic activity of girdled and control leaves was evaluated 3 to 7 days later by two methods: (a) carbon exchange rate (cer) of attached leaves was determined under ambient co(2) concentrations using a closed gas system, and (b) maximum photosynthetic capacity (a(max)) was determined under 3% co(2) with a leaf disc o(2) electrode. starch, hexoses, and sucros ... | 1992 | 16669056 |
| molecular variability of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations associated to maize and cotton crops in brazil. | the molecular variability among 10 populations of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), collected from maize, zea mays l., or cotton gossypium hirsutum l. crops located at distinctive geographical regions in brazil, was assessed through random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in total, 208 rapd markers were evaluated, and 98% of them were polymorphic. the mean genetic similarity was 0.6621 and 0.2499 by the simple matching and jaccard matrices, respectively. ... | 2006 | 16686155 |
| analysis of ests from multiple gossypium hirsutum tissues and identification of ssrs. | in an effort to expand the gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton) expressed sequence tag (est) database, ests representing a variety of tissues and treatments were sequenced. assembly of these sequences with ests already in the est database (dbest, genbank) identified 9675 cotton sequences not present in genbank. statistical analysis of a subset of these ests identified genes likely differentially expressed in stems, cotyledons, and drought-stressed tissues. annotation of the differentially expressed cd ... | 2006 | 16699550 |
| isolation of the promoter of a cotton beta-galactosidase gene (ghgal1) and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants. | beta-galactosidases (ec 3.2.1.23) constitute a widespread family of glycosyl hydrolases in plants and are thought to be involved in metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides. a cdna of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) beta-galactosidase gene, designated ghgal1, has previously been identified and its transcripts are highly abundant at the elongation stage of the cotton fiber. to examine the temporal and spatial control of ghgal1 expression, a transcriptional fusion of the ghgal1 promoter region (177 ... | 2006 | 16704113 |
| an experiment using neutron activation analysis and a rare earth element to mark cotton plants and two insects that feed on them. | studies on insect dispersal and other behaviors can benefit from using markers that will not alter flight and fitness. rare earth elements, such as samarium (sm), have been used as ingested markers of some insects and detected using neutron activation analysis (naa). in this study, samarium nitrate hexahydrate was mixed into artificial diet for boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), at different dosages and in water used to irrigate cotton, gossypium hirsut ... | 2006 | 16713273 |
| the cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding a wd repeat protein in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | in this research, one 1156 bp cdna containing full open reading frame and encoding a novel 24-kda protein with four tandem wd repeat motifs was cloned from cotton, therefore was named ghwdr and the genbank accession number is ay870657. by search of ghwdr cdna and amino acid sequences in the database, we found that ghwdr and osjnba0003g23.2 from oryza sativa show 90% sequence identity and 84% identity to wd-repeat protein from arabidopsis thaliana, and also has high sequence identity to other wd ... | 2006 | 16753817 |
| glyphosate-induced anther indehiscence in cotton is partially temperature dependent and involves cytoskeleton and secondary wall modifications and auxin accumulation. | yield reduction caused by late application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum; grc) expressing cp4 5-enol-pyruvylshikmate-3-p synthase under the cauliflower mosaic virus-35s promoter has been attributed to male sterility. this study was aimed to elucidate the factors and mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. western and tissue-print blots demonstrated a reduced expression of the transgene in anthers of grc compared to ovules of the same plants. glyphosate applicat ... | 2006 | 16766672 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. zhongmian 35) using glyphosate as a selectable marker. | the most economically significant chinese cotton cultivar (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. zhongmian 35) was transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated dna transfer. the aroa-m1 gene that confers resistance to the glyphosate was fused with a chloroplast-transit peptide of arabidopsis thaliana 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (asp) and expressed in cotton plants under the control of a camv35s promoter. transgenic plants were directly selected on medium containing glyphosate. thirty-fou ... | 2006 | 16799756 |
| the absolute configuration of (-)-3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene. | 3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene was identified in extracts from cold-shocked seedlings of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.), both of which are members of the malvaceae family. (-)-3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene was isolated from heterotheca inuloides cass. (asteraceae). hplc on a chiral stationary phase column showed that the 3-hydroxy-alpha- calacorene from cotton and kenaf had the same relative configuration, while that from h. inuloides was of the opposite configuration ... | 2006 | 16806327 |
| captures of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in traps associated with different habitats. | programs to eradicate the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the united states rely heavily on pheromone traps for monitoring weevil populations in both active and posteradication maintenance programs. modifications to trapping protocols that increase trap effectiveness should contribute to this eradication effort. between october 1996 and may 1997 and between september 1997 and april 1998, we compared trap effectiveness, indicated by the numb ... | 2006 | 16813308 |
| effect of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cotton on pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) response to sex pheromone. | fitness costs associated with resistance to transgenic crops producing toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) could reduce male response to pheromone traps. such costs would cause underestimation of resistance frequency if monitoring was based on analysis of males caught in pheromone traps. to develop a dna-based resistance monitoring program for pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), we compared the response to pheromone traps of males with and without c ... | 2006 | 16813335 |
| carbon supply and storage in tilled and nontilled soils as influenced by cover crops and nitrogen fertilization. | soil carbon (c) sequestration in tilled and nontilled areas can be influenced by crop management practices due to differences in plant c inputs and their rate of mineralization. we examined the influence of four cover crops {legume [hairy vetch (vicia villosa roth)], nonlegume [rye (secale cereale l.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye), and no cover crops (or winter weeds)} and three nitrogen (n) fertilization rates (0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg n ha(-1)) on c inputs from cove ... | 2006 | 16825471 |
| the cotton fiber zinc-binding domain of cellulose synthase a1 from gossypium hirsutum displays rapid turnover in vitro and in vivo. | little is known about the assembly and turnover of cellulose synthase complexes commonly called rosettes. recent work indicates that rosette assembly could involve the dimerization of cesa (cellulose synthase catalytic subunit) proteins regulated by the redox state of the cesa zinc-binding domain (znbd). several studies in the 1980s led to the suggestion that synthase complexes may have very short half-lives in vivo, but no recent work has directly addressed this issue. in the present work, we s ... | 2006 | 16873546 |
| the current status and environmental impacts of glyphosate-resistant crops: a review. | glyphosate [n-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant crops (grcs), canola (brassica napus l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), maize (zea mays l.), and soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] have been commercialized and grown extensively in the western hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere. glyphosate-resistant cotton and soybean have become dominant in those countries where their planting is permitted. effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to some ... | 2006 | 16899736 |
| cloning and functional analysis of the novel gene ghdbp3 encoding a dre-binding transcription factor from gossypium hirsutum. | a novel cdna encoding dre-binding transcription factor, designated ghdbp3, was cloned from gossypium hirsutum. this protein was classified into a-4 group of dreb subfamily based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic characterization. semiquantitative rt-pcr showed that ghdbp3 was expressed in the leaves, cotyledons, roots and stems of 2-week-old cotton seedlings under non-stress conditions and was greatly induced in the cotton cotyledons by drought, nacl, low temperature and aba treatm ... | 2006 | 16935362 |
| short-range dispersal and overwintering habitats of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) during and after harvest in the subtropics. | field experiments in the subtropical lower rio grande valley of texas were conducted to determine the extent of adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), dispersal from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during harvest operations and the noncotton-growing ("overwinter") period between 1 september and 1 february. using unbaited large capacity boll weevil traps placed at intervals extending outward from commercial field edges, boll weevils did not move i ... | 2006 | 16937667 |
| the american cotton rat: a novel model for pulmonary tuberculosis. | several animal models are used to study mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infections, but none is a fully ideal model of human disease. the american cotton rat is an excellent model for the study of several human viral and bacterial respiratory infectious diseases, but until now has not been reported to be a model with mtb infection. preliminary experiments were designed in which two species of cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus and sigmodon fulviventer) received respiratory challenges with m. tuberc ... | 2007 | 16973421 |
| cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | considering the economic importance of cotton in many developing and developed countries, there is an urgent need to accelerate the application of biotechnological tools to address the problems associated with the production of this crop and to improve the quality of fiber and seed. this requires a simple yet robust gene delivery/transformant recovery system. a protocol for the production of transgenic cotton plants was refined in our laboratory. it involves agrobacterium-mediated transformation ... | 2006 | 16988351 |
| designing and transgenic expression of melanin gene in tobacco trichome and cotton fiber. | in streptomyces antibioticus, there are two genes tyra and orf438 required for the melanin biogenesis. to investigate whether expression of these two genes in cotton can change cotton fiber colour, we modified the tyra and orf438 genes to make their codon usage closer to the codon preference of cotton fiber genes. the resulting versions of these two genes were referred to as dtyra and dorf438, respectively. vacuolar targeting signals were also added to their ends. under the cotton fiber specific ... | 2007 | 17006798 |
| dna screening reveals pink bollworm resistance to bt cotton remains rare after a decade of exposure. | transgenic crops producing toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill insect pests and can reduce reliance on insecticide sprays. although bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and bt corn (zea mays l.) covered 26 million ha worldwide in 2005, their success could be cut short by evolution of pest resistance. monitoring the early phases of pest resistance to bt crops is crucial, but it has been extremely difficult because bioassays usually cannot detect heterozygotes harboring one all ... | 2006 | 17066779 |
| genetic variation for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in eastern north carolina. | to evaluate resistance to bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins, adult female bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were collected from four light trap locations in two eastern north carolina counties from august to october during 2001 and 2002. females were allowed to oviposit, and upon hatching, 24 neonates from each female (f1 lines) were screened for survival and growth rate on each of three diets: non-bt diet, diet containing 5.0 microg/ml cry1ac toxin, or diet ... | 2006 | 17066814 |
| effect of cotton cultivar on performance of aphis gossypii (homoptera: aphididae) in iran. | cotton aphids, aphis gossypii glover (homoptera: aphididae), obtained from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields in the gorgan region of northern iran, were colonized on 'varamin' cotton plants in a growth chamber. the development, survivorship, and life table parameters of the cotton aphid were evaluated at 27.5 +/- 1 degrees c, 65 +/- 10% rh, and aphotoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h of artificial light on five commonly growing cotton cultivars: varamin, 'sealand' (relatively resistant cultivar), 'bak ... | 2006 | 17066818 |
| selecting for efficacy of bollgard cotton cultivars against various lepidoptera using forward breeding techniques. | studies during the past 5 yr have shown that the overall level of protein (cry1ac) produced from the cry1ac transgene (monsanto co., st. louis, mo) differ among commercial bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., cultivars. these differences between cultivars are under genetic control and have been correlated with efficacy of certain lepidopteran pests. previous studies have shown that the parental background (i.e., non-cry1ac conventional cultivar) has a significant influence on the amount of cr ... | 2006 | 17066820 |
| [isolation by suppression-subtractive hybridization of genes preferentially expressed during early and late fiber development stages in cotton]. | as a main natural fiber source, cotton plays an important role in human life. to identify genes preferentially expressed during early and late cotton fiber development, we constructed two fiber subtracted libraries on the basis of pcr-selected subtraction using a pool of nonfiber tissues as the same driver and 10 days postanthesis (dpa) and 20 dpa fiber cells as testers, respectively. through differential screening, 292 clones in both libraries were identified as being preferentially expressed d ... | 2006 | 17086983 |
| disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants. | fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, d4e1, were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pcr products and southern blots confirmed integration of the d4e1 gene, while rt-pcr of cotton rna confirmed the presence of d4e1 transcripts. in vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from t0 and t1 plants confirmed that d4e1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of fusarium verticillioides and verticillium dahliae compare ... | 2005 | 17147626 |
| genetics of resistance to cotton leaf curl disease in gossypium hirsutum l. under field conditions. | one hundred and forty two cotton germplasm lines were screened for cotton leaf curl virus symptoms in field evaluations during 2003, 2004, and 2005. fifty cross combinations involving 30 of these lines classified resistant or susceptible were used for inheritance study of the disease. all the f(1) plants of crosses involving resistant x resistant, resistant x susceptible, and susceptible x resistant parents were resistant, indicating dominant expression of the disease resistance and there were n ... | 2007 | 17159229 |
| role of pantoea agglomerans in opportunistic bacterial seed and boll rot of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) grown in the field. | to investigate the aetiology of seed and boll rot of cotton grown in south carolina (sc). | 2007 | 17184328 |
| cadherin-based resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cotton in hybrid strains of pink bollworm: fitness costs and incomplete resistance. | recessive resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), is associated with three resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) of a cadherin gene. previous experiments based on measurement of fitness components in bt-resistant and bt-susceptible strains revealed that fitness costs and incomplete resistance are associated with resistance. here, we used two hybrid strains of pink bollworm, each c ... | 2006 | 17195656 |
| modeling the impact of alternative hosts on helicoverpa zea adaptation to bollgard cotton. | for highly polyphagous cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., pests such as helicoverpa zea (boddie), a substantial portion of the larval population develops on noncotton alternative hosts. these noncotton hosts potentially provide a natural refuge for h. zea, thereby slowing the evolution of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt)-derived cry1ac protein present in bollgard cotton. here, we demonstrate how the measured contribution of such alternative hosts can be included in estimating t ... | 2006 | 17195681 |
| high-level resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin crylac and cadherin genotype in pink bollworm. | resistance to transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac is linked with three recessive alleles of a cadherin gene in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), a major cotton pest. here, we analyzed a strain (mov97-r) with a high frequency of cadherin resistance alleles, a high frequency of resistance to 10 microg of cry1ac per milliliter of diet, and an intermediate frequency of resistance to 1000 microg ... | 2006 | 17195682 |
| identification and characterization of the novel gene ghdbp2 encoding a dre-binding protein from cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | a cdna encoding one novel dre-binding protein, ghdbp2, was isolated from cotton seedlings. it is classified into the a-6 group of dreb subfamily based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic characterization. using semi-quantitative rt-pcr, we found that the ghdbp2 transcripts were greatly induced by drought, nacl, low temperature and aba treatments in cotton cotyledons. the dna-binding properties of ghdbp2 were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa), showing that ghdbp2 ... | 2008 | 17224201 |
| the anomalous behavior of the ghost spot of gossypium anomalum in amphidiploid gossypium hirsutum. | | 1965 | 17248255 |
| expression of cp4 epsps in microspores and tapetum cells of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is critical for male reproductive development in response to late-stage glyphosate applications. | plants expressing agrobacterium sp. strain cp4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (cp4 epsps) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant epsps. the rr1445 transgenic cotton line (current commercial line for roundup ready cotton) was generated using the figwort mosaic virus (fmv) 35s promoter to drive the expression of the cp4 epsps gene, and has excellent vegetative tolerance to glyphosate. however, with high glyphosate ... | 2006 | 17309724 |
| characterization and expression of a putative retinoblastoma protein binding gene from gossypium hirsutum. | a genomic clone representing a putative retinoblastoma binding (rbb) protein was isolated from a gossypium hirsutum bac library. alignment of the gene sequence with the cdna sequence indicated the gene consists of six exons that have standard eukaryotic splice junctions. the conceptual spliced transcript was 98% identical to tc37171 in the tigr gene index, however it encoded an orf 107 amino acids longer than best deduced protein from tc37171. the conceptual translation of the genomic clone was ... | 2006 | 17312951 |
| cloning and characterization of cotton ghbg gene encoding beta-glucosidase. | beta-1,4-glucosidase (bg, ec3.2.1.21), one of three cellulases, is a widespread family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in both prokaryocytes and eukaryotes. here, we report the isolation of a full-length cdna encoding beta-1,4-glucosidase protein (designated as ghbg) and its putative function in the process of fiber development and in yeast. through random sequencing of the cotton fiber cdna library from 7235 germplasm line, with elite fiber quality in gossypiu ... | 2006 | 17343209 |
| common subtropical and tropical nonpollen food sources of the boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | it is known that substantial boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, individuals can survive mild subtropical winters in some habitats, such as citrus orchards. our study shows that endocarp of the fruit from prickly pear cactus, opuntia engelmannii salm-dyck ex. engel.; orange, citrus sinensis l. osbeck.; and grapefruit, citrus paradisi macfad., can sustain newly emerged adult boll weevils for >5 mo, which is the duration of the cotton-free season in the subtropical lower rio grande va ... | 2007 | 17349122 |
| molecular cloning and expression characteristics of alternative oxidase gene of cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | a novel alternative oxidase (aox) gene derived from cotton (gossypium hirsutum), designated as ghaox1, was cloned with race-pcr. the full-length cdna of ghaox1was 1,298 bp in size, containing a 996 bp open reading frame (orf) which corresponds to a precursor protein of 332 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 37.5 kda. the predicted amino acid sequence exhibited 68.4%, 68.1%, 59.4%, and 69.8% homology to the alternative oxidases of arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum, sola ... | 2008 | 17351819 |
| cross-resistance responses of crylac-selected heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to the bacillus thuringiensis protein vip3a. | one susceptible and three cry1ac-resistant strains of tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were used in laboratory studies to determine the level of cross-resistance between the bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) toxins cry1ac and vip3a by using concentration-mortality and leaf tissue experiments. concentration-mortality data demonstrated that the three cry1ac-resistant h. virescens strains, yhd2, kcbhyb, and cxc, were at least 215- to 316-fold resistant to cry1ac c ... | 2007 | 17370826 |
| a polymerase chain reaction screen of field populations of heliothis virescens for a retrotransposon insertion conferring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner poses a continuing threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. one component of the u.s.-wide resistance management plan for bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., involves monitoring the frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. however, existing methods are expensive and may not detect recessive resistance alleles until their frequencies are too high for ... | 2007 | 17370827 |
| detection by rapd-pcr of polymorphism in populations of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from iran. | the sweetpotato whitefly, bernisia tabaci (genn.) (hom: aleyrodidae) is a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals in iran. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucurnis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were released separately into a large cage set ... | 2006 | 17385530 |
| qtl mapping of yield and yield components for elite hybrid derived-rils in upland cotton. | a population of 180 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed by single seed descended from the cross of high yield upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties zhongmiansuo12 (zms12) and 8891, the two parents of xiangzamian2 (xzm2). a genetic linkage map consisting of 132 loci and covering 865.20 cm was constructed using the ril population chiefly with ssr markers. yield and yield components were investigated for rils in three environments in china. the purpose of the present research wa ... | 2007 | 17469776 |
| transgene integration and organization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome. | while genetically modified upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties are ranked among the most successful genetically modified organisms (gmo), there is little knowledge on transgene integration in the cotton genome, partly because of the difficulty in obtaining large numbers of transgenic plants. in this study, we analyzed 139 independently derived t0 transgenic cotton plants transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain agl1 carrying a binary plasmid ppzp-gfp. it was found by pcr that ... | 2008 | 17549600 |
| cloning and expression of the chloroplast copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase gene in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | a full-length 1,043-base-pair cdna clone encoding a chloroplast copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) of upland cotton was first isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) from the leaves of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) variety 'cri36'. nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone revealed that it contained the complete coding sequence of the mature sod isozyme subunit, along with a 60-amino acid transit peptide at n-terminal. the amino acid sequence predicted from the full-le ... | 2007 | 17556806 |
| a novel map kinase gene in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), ghmapk, is involved in response to diverse environmental stresses. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is one of the major and evolutionally conserved signaling pathways and plays pivotal role in the regulation of stress and developmental signals in plants. here, a novel gene, termed gossypium hirsutum mapk (ghmapk), was isolated from cotton. the full-length cdna of ghmapk encodes for a 372 amino acid protein that contains all 11 of the mapk conserved subdomains and the phosphorylation-activation motif, tey. amino acid sequence alignment reveale ... | 2007 | 17562283 |
| investigation of some yield and fibre quality characteristics of interspecific hybrid (gossypium hirsutum l. x g. barbadense l.) cotton varieties. | interspecific hybrid cottons (gossypium hirsutum l. x g. barbadense l.) have great both yield and quality potential. this study was conducted to determine potential yields and quality characteristics of hybrid cotton varieties in southeastern anatolia region of turkey. the experiment was set out a completely randomized block design with four replications during 2003 and 2004 at university of dicle, faculty of agriculture experimental field. seven interspecific hybrid cotton varieties (48-08, sev ... | 2007 | 17567438 |
| differentiating tobacco budworm and corn earworm using near-infrared spectroscopy. | near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was used to develop a simple and quick technique to differentiate two economically important species, the tobacco budworm, heliothis cirescens (f.), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), which are major pests of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the southern united states. in practice, it is difficult to distinguish the two species during their immature stages using morphological characteristics unless expensive microscopy equipment or trained technicians ... | 2007 | 17598536 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in a strain of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in australia. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., expressing the crylac and cry2ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner variety kurstaki in a pyramid (bollgard ii) was widely planted for the first time in australia during the 2004-2005 growing season. before the first commercial bollgard ii crops, limited amounts of cotton expressing only the crylac gene (ingard) was grown for seven seasons. no field failures due to resistance to crylac toxin were observed during that period and a monitoring ... | 2007 | 17598553 |
| mating compatibility among helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) occurring on selected host plants and bt cotton survivors. | helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a well-known polyphagous insect pest. mating compatibility among the insects occurring on different host plants is essential for free gene flow among populations. we tested the extent of crossability and fecundity of the insects that survived on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton with those occurring on pigeon pea, cajanus cajun (l.) millsp., non-bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l.; sunflower, helianthus annuus; sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. ... | 2007 | 17598554 |
| cross-resistance studies of cry1ac-resistant strains of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry2ab. | bioassays and binding tests between cry toxins (crylaa, crylab, crylac, and cry2ab) and brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) from larvae of a bacillus thurningiensis (bt)-susceptible (96s) and two crylac-resistant strains (btr and lfr10) were conducted for investigating cross-resistance of crylac-resistant strains to cry2ab in helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the resistance ratio (rr) values of the btr and lfr10 strains to crylac and cry2ab were 2,971- and 1.1-fold and ... | 2007 | 17598555 |
| cloning of a mads box gene (ghmads3) from cotton and analysis of its homeotic role in transgenic tobacco. | a mads box gene (ghmads3) was cloned from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) based on est sequences. the predicted protein sequence of ghmads3 showed 85%, 73%, and 62% identity with theobroma cacao tcag, antirrhinum majus far, and arabidopsis thaliana ag, respectively, and was grouped with ag homologues when the full length sequences excluding n-extensions were compared. ghmads3 expressed in the wild type cotton flower primarily in stamens and carpels, which was comparable to ag in arabidopsis. howe ... | 2007 | 17601612 |
| the 9-lipoxygenase ghlox1 gene is associated with the hypersensitive reaction of cotton gossypium hirsutum to xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum. | hypersensitive reaction (hr) cell death of cotton to the incompatible race 18 from xanthomonas campestris pathovar malvacearum (xcm) is associated with 9s-lipoxygenase activity (lox) responsible for lipid peroxidation. here, we report the cloning of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lox gene (ghlox1) and the sequencing of its promoter. ghlox1 was found to be highly expressed during xcm induced hr. sequence analysis showed that ghlox1 is a putative 9-lox, and ghlox1 promoter contains sa and ja respo ... | 2007 | 17611116 |
| a cotton ascorbate peroxidase is involved in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis during fibre cell development. | reactive oxygen species (ros) play important roles in multiple physiological processes such as cellular signalling and stress responses, whereas, the hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) scavenging enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (apx) participates in the regulation of intracellular ros levels. here, a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cytosolic apx1 (ghapx1) was identified to be highly accumulated during cotton fibre elongation by proteomic analysis. ghapx1 cdna contained an open reading frame of 753-bp encoding ... | 2007 | 17635221 |
| transmission of cotton seed and boll rotting bacteria by the southern green stink bug (nezara viridula l.). | to determine the ability of the southern green stink bug (sgsb) (nezara viridula l.) to transmit pantoea agglomerans into cotton (gossypium hirsutum) bolls. | 2007 | 17650204 |
| host plants of the tarnished plant bug (heteroptera: miridae) in central texas. | the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the cotton belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis grandis boheman). because the southern blacklands region of central texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. l. lineolaris was ... | 2007 | 17716463 |
| variable rainfall intensity and tillage effects on runoff, sediment, and carbon losses from a loamy sand under simulated rainfall. | the low-carbon, intensively cropped coastal plain soils of georgia are susceptible to runoff, soil loss, and drought. reduced tillage systems offer the best management tool for sustained row crop production. understanding runoff, sediment, and chemical losses from conventional and reduced tillage systems is expected to improve if the effect of a variable rainfall intensity storm was quantified. our objective was to quantify and compare effects of a constant (ic) intensity pattern and a more real ... | 2007 | 17766829 |
| cotton ghdreb1 increases plant tolerance to low temperature and is negatively regulated by gibberellic acid. | the transcription factors c-repeat binding factors/dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (cbfs/drebs) control the expression of many stress-inducible genes in arabidopsis. a cdna clone, designated ghdreb1, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) by cdna library screening. northern blot analysis indicated that mrna accumulation of ghdreb1 was induced by low temperatures and salt stress, but was not induced by abscisic acid (aba) or drought stress in cotton seedlings. transgenic to ... | 2007 | 17803642 |
| transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton (gossypium hirsutum) allomone response to cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, in a closed-dynamics co(2) chamber (cdcc). | allocation of allomones of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) (cv. gk-12) and non-bt-transgenic cotton (cv. simian-3) grown in elevated co(2) in response to infestation by cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, was studied in a closed-dynamics co(2) chamber. significant increases in foliar condensed tannin and carbon/nitrogen ratio for gk-12 and simian-3 were observed in elevated co(2) relative to ambient co(2,) as partially supported by the carbon nutrient balance hy ... | 2007 | 17805479 |
| toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four insect parasitoids attacking citrus and cotton pests. | laboratory studies were carried out to compare the toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four species of adult beneficial insects representing two families of hymenoptera: aphelinidae (aphytis melinus debach, eretmocerus eremicus rose & zolnerowich, and encarsiaformosa gahan) and mymaridae (gonatocerus ashmeadi girault) that attack california red scale, aonidiella aurantii (maskell); sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (both e. eremicus and e. formosa); and glassy-winged sharpsho ... | 2007 | 17849851 |
| effects of proportion and configuration of bacillus thuringiensis cotton on pest abundance, damage, and yield. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., kills several economically important pests, reducing injury and increasing yields. refuges of non-bt cotton are currently planted with bt cotton in different designs to slow pest resistance evolution. to compare the effects of differences in bt/non-bt plant heterogeneity found in different refuge designs on square (flower bud) damage, abscissions, sap-feeding herbivore densities, and yield in cotton, four types of 24-row cotto ... | 2007 | 17849898 |
| a proteinaceous elicitor sm1 from the beneficial fungus trichoderma virens is required for induced systemic resistance in maize. | we have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobin-like elicitor sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study we tested whether colonization of roots by t. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (zea mays), and we further demonstrated the importance of sm1 during maize-fungal interactions using a functional genomics approa ... | 2007 | 17885089 |
| establishment of azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | biofertilizers contribute in n(2) fixation, p solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. this interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the ... | 2007 | 17910096 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an inducible rna-dependent rna polymerase gene, ghrdrp, from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) cdna, designated as gossypium hirsutum rdrp (ghrdrp) was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 3,672 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 1,110 amino acids which contained the rdrp conserved functional domain and the signature motif dbdgd. amino acid sequence alignment indicated that ghrdrp shared the highest identity (66.37%) with atrdrp1 and had homology with ... | 2009 | 17929195 |
| saturated very-long-chain fatty acids promote cotton fiber and arabidopsis cell elongation by activating ethylene biosynthesis. | fatty acids are essential for membrane biosynthesis in all organisms and serve as signaling molecules in many animals. here, we found that saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas; c20:0 to c30:0) exogenously applied in ovule culture medium significantly promoted cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell elongation, whereas acetochlor (2-chloro-n-[ethoxymethyl]-n-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-acetamide; ace), which inhibits vlcfa biosynthesis, abolished fiber growth. this inhibition was overcome b ... | 2007 | 17993622 |
| functional characterization of a cotton late embryogenesis-abundant d113 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco. | previous studies have shown that mrna and protein encoded by late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) gene d113 from gossypium hirsutum l. accumulate at high levels in mature seeds and also in response to abscisic acid (aba) in young embryo. in this study, we studied the expression of four promoter 5' deletion constructs (-1383, -974, -578 and -158) of the lea d113 gene fused to beta-glucuronidase (gus). gus activity analysis revealed that the -578 promoter fragment was necessary to direct seed-specifi ... | 2008 | 18066554 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of an erf gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | ethylene response factors (erfs) play important roles in regulating plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. in this paper, a new ethylene response factor gene gherf1 was isolated from cotton. the deduced amino acid sequence of gherf1 contained an ap2/erf domain, which shared high similarity with other reported ap2/erf domains and was most closely related to the b3 subgroup of the erf subfamily. the particle bombardment assay showed that gherf1 functioned as an in vivo transcription activator ... | 2008 | 18078841 |
| detection and characterization of cry1ac transgene construct in bt cotton: multiple polymerase chain reaction approach. | to comply with international labeling regulations for genetically modified (gm) crops and food, and to enable proper identification of gm organisms (gmos), effective methodologies and reliable approaches are needed. the spurious and unapproved gm planting has contributed to crop failures and commercial losses. to ensure effective and genuine gm cultivation, a methodology is needed to detect and identify the trait of interest and concurrently evaluate the structural and functional stability of th ... | 2007 | 18193727 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of ghnpr1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | a novel gene, designated as ghnpr1 (gossypium hirsutum non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1), was isolated from g. hirsutum (cotton) by rt-pcr (reverse transcription-pcr) and race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the full-length cdna was 2108 bp long and had an orf (open reading frame) that putatively encoded a polypeptide of 592 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kda. comparison of this protein sequence with that of arabidopsis thaliana, brassica juncea and nicotiana ... | 2008 | 18215146 |
| rise and fall of cotton aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations in southeastern cotton production systems. | the impact of natural enemies on cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), populations in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production systems in the southeastern united states was evaluated over 3 yr in irrigated commercial cotton fields. fungal epizootics caused by the entomopathogen neozygites fresenii (nowakowski) batko reduced aphid numbers to subthreshold levels in 1999, 2000, and 2001 and occurred consistently in early to mid-july in all 3 yr. scymnus spp. were the most abu ... | 2008 | 18330112 |
| relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development. | abscised cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. during 2003, fallen square ... | 2008 | 18330118 |
| baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lines expressing both cry1f and cry1ac insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been commercially available in the united states since 2005. both bt proteins are highly effective against tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), and other lepidopteran pests of cotton. although crylac has been available in bt cotton since 1996, the cry1f component is relatively new. as part of the proactive resistance management program for cry1f/cry1a ... | 2008 | 18330132 |
| molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ... | 2008 | 18357465 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone. | the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ... | 2008 | 18386078 |
| sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) as a pre-columbian domesticate in mexico. | mexico has long been recognized as one of the world's cradles of domestication with evidence for squash (cucurbita pepo) cultivation appearing as early as 8,000 cal b.c. followed by many other plants, such as maize (zea mays), peppers (capsicum annuum), common beans (phaseolus vulgaris), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we present archaeological, linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data demonstrating that sunflower (helianthus annuus) had entered the repertoire of mexican domesticates by ... | 2008 | 18443289 |
| evaluation of extended-life pheromone formulations used with and without dichlorvos for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) trapping. | boll weevil traps baited with a combolure (25 of mg grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 90 of mg dichlorvos [ddvp]), an extended-release lure (25 mg of grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 60 of mg ddvp kill-strip), and extended-release lure with no ddvp were evaluated for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), captures in south texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during february-march 2005 and march-april 2006. the traps were serviced once a week for five cons ... | 2008 | 18459404 |
| effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on bt resistance in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | refuges of non-bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., are used to delay bt resistance in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. contamination of refuges by bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the bt toxin cry1ac; 2) hemizygous bt plants with 70-80% of ... | 2008 | 18459418 |