| humulone inhibits phorbol ester-induced cox-2 expression in mouse skin by blocking activation of nf-kappab and ap-1: ikappab kinase and c-jun-n-terminal kinase as respective potential upstream targets. | humulone, a bitter acid derived from hop (humulus lupulus l.), possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and other biologically active activities. although humulone has been reported to inhibit chemically induced mouse skin tumor promotion, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. since an inappropriate over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) is implicated in carcinogenesis, we investigated effects of humulone on cox-2 expression in mouse skin stimulated with the tumor promoter 1 ... | 2007 | 17372274 |
| hypothermic effects of hops are antagonized with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole in mice. | hops (humulus lupulus, cannabinaceae) has been used in traditional european medicine as a mild sedative for the treatment of anxiety, nervousness, and insomnia. however, there has been little information available about the underlying sleep inducing mechanism of hops. we have investigated the effects of a hops extract on the rectal body temperature in mice. hops extract (250 mg kg(-1)) significantly decreased body temperature in male bl6/c57j mice (deltat -0.75 +/- 0.07 degrees c) 2 h after oral ... | 2007 | 17430638 |
| chemopreventive effects of lupulone, a hop {beta}-acid, on human colon cancer-derived metastatic sw620 cells and in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. | the bitter acids of hops (humulus lupulus l.) mainly consist of humulones or alpha-acids and lupulones or beta-acids. we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative mechanisms of lupulones on a human metastatic colon carcinoma-derived cell line (sw620 cells) and to assess their chemopreventive effects in a model of colon carcinogenesis. sw620 cell growth was inhibited by 70% after a 48 h exposure to lupulones (40 microg/ml). lupulones up-regulated the expression of fas receptor (fas) and fas ligand ... | 2007 | 17434926 |
| biosynthesis of phlorisovalerophenone and 4-hydroxy-6-isobutyl-2-pyrone in escherichia coli from glucose. | type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) contribute to the synthesis of many economically important natural products, which are typically produced by direct extraction from plants or synthesized chemically. for example, humulone and lupulone (fig. 1a) in hops (humulus lupulus) account for the characteristic bitter taste of beer and display multiple pharmacological effects. 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone is a precursor of parasorboside contributing to insect and disease resistance of plant gerbera hybri ... | 2016 | 27577056 |
| empirical prediction and validation of antibacterial inhibitory effects of various plant essential oils on common pathogenic bacteria. | in this study, fractional compound composition, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic substance content of 14 plant essential oils-anise (pimpinella anisum), bay leaves (laurus nobilis), cinnamon bark (cinnamomum verum), clove (eugenia caryophyllata), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), hop (humulus lupulus), istanbul oregano (origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), izmir oregano (origanum onites), mint (mentha piperita), myrtus (myrtus communis), orange peel (citrus sinensis), sage (salvia officinalis), thyme ( ... | 2015 | 25764982 |
| antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and its selected structural analogues. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of structural analogues of xanthohumol 1, a flavonoid compound found in hops (humulus lupulus). the agar-diffusion method using filter paper disks was applied. biological tests performed for selected strains of gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (escherichia coli) bacteria, fungi (alternaria sp.), and yeasts (rhodotorula rubra, candida albicans) revealed that compounds with at least one hydroxyl group-all ... | 2016 | 27187329 |
| in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of ethanol gras plant and supercritical co₂ hop extracts on planktonic cultures of oral pathogenic microorganisms. | conventional chemical antiseptics used for treatment of oral infections often produce side-effects, which restrict their long-term use. plants are considered as perspective sources of novel natural antiseptics. however, little is still known about their inhibitory properties against oral pathogens. the objective of this study was to test in vitro antimicrobial activities of generally recognized as safe (gras) species against planktonic cultures of cariogenic, periodontal and candidal microorgani ... | 2015 | 26232134 |
| binding of the hop (humulus lupulus l.) chalcone xanthohumol to cytosolic proteins in caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. | used in the brewing of beer, hops (humulus lupulus l.) contain the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol, which is under investigation as a cancer chemoprevention agent and as a precursor for the estrogenic flavanones isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin. the uptake, transport and accumulation of xanthohumol were studied using the human intestinal epithelial cell line caco-2 to help understand the poor bioavailability of this chalcone. studies were carried out using caco-2 cell monolayers 18-21 days ... | 2007 | 17579893 |
| protective effects of xanthohumol against the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene (bap), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-booh) in hepg2 human hepatoma cells. | xanthohumol is the major prenylated flavonoid present in the hop plant humulus lupulus l. (cannabinaceae) and a common ingredient of beer. recently, xanthohumol has gained considerable interest due to its potential cancer chemo-preventive effect. the aim of this study was to reveal the possible anti-genotoxic activity of xanthohumol in metabolically competent human hepatoma hepg2 cells, by use of the comet assay. xanthohumol by itself was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic to the cells at concentra ... | 2007 | 17590382 |
| anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of 5-deprenyllupulonol c and other compounds from hop (humulus lupulus l.). | a new phloroglucinol derivative, 5-deprenyllupulonol c (1), along with four other phloroglucinol derivatives, 2-5, five chalcones, 6-10, four flavanones, 11-14, two flavonol glycosides, 15 and 16, and five triterpenoids, 17-21, were isolated from the female inflorescence pellet extracts of hop (humulus lupulus l.). upon evaluation of these compounds against the epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) activation induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa) in raji cells, twelve compoun ... | 2012 | 22700224 |
| positive antibacterial co-action between hop (humulus lupulus) constituents and selected antibiotics. | the research reported here deals with co-action of the hop (humulus lupulus)-derived anti-bacterial compounds, lupulone and xanthohumol, with several antibiotics. among the antibiotics investigated for their co-action, polymyxin b sulfate, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin had a positive co-action in inhibiting selected test bacteria. the disc/well-diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration test (mic) were employed to determine co-action. both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria we ... | 2008 | 18162387 |
| oestrogenicity of prenylflavonoids from hops: activation of pro-oestrogens by intestinal bacteria. | for many centuries, hops (humulus lupulus l.) have been used as essential ingredient in beers, providing the typical bitterness and hoppy flavour. however, the last few years the plant has gained increasing attention as a source of prenylflavonoids and in 1999, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn) was identified as the most potent phyto-oestrogen known so far. hop extracts are therefore now marketed to reduce menopausal complaints. however, 8-pn concentrations in hops are very low, and variable efficiency ... | 2009 | 23765740 |
| isobavachalcone, a chalcone constituent of angelica keiskei, induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma. | six chalcones from angelica keiskei koidzumi (ashitaba in japanese) and two chalcones from humulus lupulus l. (hop) were examined for their cytotoxicity in two human neuroblastoma cell lines (imr-32 and nb-39) and normal cells (primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells) by [3-(4,5)-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay. all chalcones exhibited cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells, and two of them (isobavachalcone and xanthoangelol h) had no effect on nor ... | 2007 | 17917255 |
| effects of aqueous hop (humulus lupulus l.) extract on vascular reactivity in rats: mechanisms and influence of gender and hormonal status. | phytoestrogens, naturally occurring plant compounds having oestrogenic and/or anti-oestrogenic activity, are present in many human foodstuffs including hop. moderate intakes of isoflavonoid phytoestrogens have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular diseases incidence. so, it is possible that hop (humulus lupulus l.) might similarly contribute to the reported health-beneficial effects of moderate beer consumption. thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of ... | 2008 | 17951040 |
| responses of plasma acetate metabolism to hop (humulus lupulus l.) in sheep. | an isotope dilution method using [1-(13)c]sodium (na) acetate was conducted to determine the effect of feeding hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate metabolism in six adult crossbred sheep. the sheep were fed 63 g/kg bw(0.75)/d of either mixed hay (mh-diet) of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) at a 60:40 ratio or mh-diet and hop-residues (hop-diet) at 85:15 ratio with a crossover design for each of 3 week period. the isotope dilutio ... | 2009 | 19365576 |
| the antimicrobial effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) on ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacteria. | to assess the antimicrobial effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) on hyper ammonia producing-bacteria (hab), which catabolize amino acids and peptides in the bovine rumen. | 2009 | 19413813 |
| hop (humulus lupulus)-derived bitter acids as multipotent bioactive compounds. | hop acids, a family of bitter compounds derived from the hop plant (humulus lupulus), have been reported to exert a wide range of effects, both in vitro and in vivo. they exhibit potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, by inducing apoptosis, and by increasing the expression of cytochrome p450 detoxification enzymes. furthermore, hop bitter acids are effective against inflammatory and metabolic disorders, which makes them challenging candidates for the tre ... | 2009 | 19476340 |
| experimental evidence of the anaphrodisiac activity of humulus lupulus l. in naïve male rats. | in the folk medicine humulus lupulus l. (hops) is mainly recommended as a mild sedative with antispasmodic and digestive properties. it is also reputed to exert an anaphrodisiac effect but it is still lacking the experimental evidence of this activity. | 2009 | 19560531 |
| xanthohumol from hop (humulus lupulus l.) is an efficient inhibitor of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in lps-stimulated raw 264.7 mouse macrophages and u937 human monocytes. | activated macrophages in adipose tissue play a major role in the chronic inflammatory process that has been linked to the complications of overweight and obesity. the hop plant (humulus lupulus l.) has been described to possess both anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. in the present study, the chemical composition of a hop crude extract (hce) was investigated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (uhplc). next, hce and various fractions obtained by preparative hplc were tested f ... | 2009 | 19634869 |
| antioxidant effects of xanthohumol and functional impact on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. | therapeutic effects of dietary flavonoids have been attributed mainly to their antioxidant capacity. xanthohumol (1), a prominent flavonoid of the hop plant, humulus lupulus, was investigated for its antioxidant potential and for its effect on nf-kappab activation. to examine the biological relevance of 1, a hepatic ischemia/reperfusion model was chosen as a widely accepted model of oxidative stress generation. the impact of 1 on endogenous antioxidant systems, on the nf-kappab signal transducti ... | 2009 | 19757857 |
| antidiabetic screening of commercial botanical products in 3t3-l1 adipocytes and db/db mice. | numerous botanicals are purported to improve glucose metabolism and diabetic risk factors with varying degrees of supportive evidence. we investigated 203 commercially available botanical products representing 90 unique botanical species for effects on lipogenic activity in differentiating 3t3-l1 adipocytes. anti-inflammatory activity of 21 of these products was further assessed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-stimulated, mature 3t3-l1 adipocytes. from these results, rho-isoalpha acids ... | 2010 | 20521979 |
| 8-prenylnaringenin is an inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated transporters, p-glycoprotein and mrp1. | flavonoids with hydrophobic e.g. prenyl substituents might constitute the promising candidates for multidrug resistance (mdr) reversal agents. the interaction of 8-prenylnaringenin (8-isopentenylnaringenin), a potent phytoestrogen isolated from common hop (humulus lupulus), with two multidrug resistance-associated abc transporters of cancer cells, p-glycoprotein and mrp1, has been studied for the first time. functional test based on the transport of fluorescent substrate bcecf revealed that the ... | 2010 | 20633549 |
| hop and acacia phytochemicals decreased lipotoxicity in 3t3-l1 adipocytes, db/db mice, and individuals with metabolic syndrome. | the plant-based compounds rho-iso-alpha acids (riaa) from humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins (pac) from acacia nilotica have been shown to modulate insulin signaling in vitro. we investigated their effects on triglyceride (tg) deposition in 3t3-l1 adipocytes, glucose and insulin in obese mouse models, and metabolic syndrome markers in adults with metabolic syndrome. the combination of riaa and pac synergistically increased tg content and adiponectin secretion in 3t3-l1 adipocytes under ... | 2010 | 20721358 |
| effect of drive row ground covers on hop (rosales: cannabaceae) yard arthropod pests in vermont, usa. | alternatives to pesticides are necessary for the management of hop (humulus lupulus l.) arthropod pests. the three major arthropod pests in northeastern us hop production include two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, hop aphid phorodon humuli (schrank), and potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris. this 3-yr study (2012-2014) in vermont investigated the effect of flowering ground covers on arthropod pest abundance. hop cultivars 'nugget' and 'cascade' were evaluated under a strip-sp ... | 2017 | 28334066 |
| the prenylflavonoid phytoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol diferentially suppress steroidogenesis in rat leydig cells in ontogenesis. | 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol are prenylflavonoids found in the hop plant, humulus lupulus (cannabaceae), which is traditionally used to add bitterness and flavor to beer. flavonoids have previously been reported to exert endocrine disrupting actions. therefore, we investigated the effects of 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol on steroidogenesis activated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) in primary cultures of rat leydig cells at different stages of their development. the present ... | 2010 | 21061451 |
| hlmyb3, a putative regulatory factor in hop (humulus lupulus l.), shows diverse biological effects in heterologous transgenotes. | a hop-specific cdna library from glandular tissue-enriched hop cones was screened for myb transcription factors. cdna encoding for r2r3 myb, designated hlmyb3, was cloned and characterized. according to the amino acid (aa) sequence, hlmyb3 shows the highest homology to ghmyb5 from cotton and is unrelated to the previously characterized hlmyb1 from the hop. southern blot analyses indicated that hlmyb3 is a unique gene, which was detected in various humulus lupulus cultivars, but not in humulus ja ... | 2007 | 17708645 |
| cloning and molecular analysis of the regulatory factor hlmyb1 in hop (humulus lupulus l.) and the potential of hop to produce bioactive prenylated flavonoids. | the concentrations of prenylated chalcones and bitter acids were analyzed in czech hop varieties. the highest levels of (xanthohumol + desmethylxanthohumol) (0.97%, m/m) and of total bitter acids (17.19%, m/m) were observed for cv. agnus. the concentration ratios of bitter acids to prenylated chalcones varied depending on the genotype, thereby suggesting genetic determination by different set(s) of structural and regulatory genes. promoter elements of the chs_h1 gene encoding a "true"chalcone sy ... | 2005 | 15941318 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of xanthohumol involves heme oxygenase-1 induction via nrf2-are signaling in microglial bv2 cells. | xanthohumol (2',4',4-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone) is a major chalcone derivative isolated from hop (humulus lupulus l.) commonly used in brewing due to its bitter flavors. xanthohumol has anti-carcinogenic, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its precise mechanisms are not clarified yet. the basic leucine zipper (bzip) protein nrf2 is a key transcription factor mediating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in animals. therefore, we tested whethe ... | 2010 | 21093515 |
| insect antifeedant potential of xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and their derivatives. | xanthohumol (14) and isoxanthohumol (6) derived from hop (humulus lupulus l., cannabaceae) and selected chalcone and chromene derivatives, obtained by chemical synthesis, were studied for antifeedant activity against the peach-potato aphid (myzus persicae [sulz.]). the study used also commercially available 4-chromanone (1), flavanone (4), naringenin (5), chromone (7), flavone (8), 7-aminoflavone (9), trans-chalcone (10), and 4-methoxychalcone (12). for chromone derivatives it was observed that ... | 2015 | 26176501 |
| screening natural products for inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 using ultrafiltration lc-ms. | inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 (nqo2; qr-2) can have antimalarial activity and antitumor activities or can function as chemoprevention agents by preventing the metabolic activation of toxic quinones such as menadione. to expedite the search for new natural product inhibitors of qr-2, we developed a screening assay based on ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that is compatible with complex samples such as bacterial or botanical extracts. human qr-2 was prepared recombinant ... | 2010 | 21192729 |
| the extract from hop cones (humulus lupulus) as a modulator of oxidative stress in blood platelets. | the plant humulus lupulus is known as the raw material of the brewing industry. hop cones, rich in polyphenolic compounds and acyl phloroglucides, are widely used to preserve beer and to give it a characteristic aroma and flavor. hop cones have long been used for medicinal purposes. in particular, hop preparations were mainly recommended for the treatment of sleeping disorders. the antioxidative action of hop cones, however, is poorly understood. the aim of our present study was to investigate i ... | 2011 | 21351847 |
| [effects of ethanol extracts of herbal medicines on dermatitis in an atopic dermatitis mouse model]. | atopic dermatitis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by highly pruritic, eczematous skin lesions. our previous study elucidated that nerve growth factor (ngf) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin lesions and inhibition of the physiological effects of ngf can moderate skin lesions in atopic dermatitis. in this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of herbal medicines on neuritic outgrowth induced by ngf. four herbal extracts ... | 2011 | 21467798 |
| a preliminary investigation of anticholinesterase activity of some iranian medicinal plants commonly used in traditional medicine. | the aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some commonly used herbal medicine in iran to introduce a new source for management of alzheimer's disease. a total of 18 aqueous-methanolic extract (1:1; v/v) from the following plants: brassica alba, brassica nigra, camellia sinensis, cinchona officinalis, citrus aurantifolia, citrus x aurantium, ferula assafoetida, humulus lupulus, juglans regia, juniperus sabina, myristica fragrans, pelargonium graveolens, pist ... | 2014 | 24401532 |
| identification of cannabis sativa l. using the 1-kbthca synthase-fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. | this study reports a successful application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique in the identification of cannabis sativa l. cells recovered from fresh and dried powdered plant materials. two biotin-16-dutp-labeled fish probes were designed from the cannabis-specific tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (thcas) gene and the its region of the 45s rrna gene. specificity of probe-target hybridization was tested against the target and 4 non-target plant species, i.e., humulus lupul ... | 2017 | 28284435 |
| effect of ensiled hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in sheep. | an isotope dilution method using [1-(13) c]sodium acetate was applied to determine the effect of feeding ensiled hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in six adult crossbred sheep. the sheep were fed 63 g/kg body weight (bw)(0.75) /day of either mixed hay of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) and round bale silage at 3:1 ratio (hay-diet), or another where round bale silage was replaced by ensiled hop residues (hop-diet) ... | 2011 | 21615839 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against hop-derived (humulus lupulus l.) prenylflavonoids and the development of immunoassays. | monoclonal antibodies against the hop-derived prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (x) and the prenylated flavonoids isoxanthohumol (ix) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn) were developed. carboxylic acid haptens of x, ix and 8-pn were synthesized by linking a spacer to their c4'-oh group followed by subsequent coupling to bovine serum albumin (bsa) to form conjugates that were employed as immunogens in balb/c mice to raise antibodies. the monoclonal antibodies that were secreted from the established hybri ... | 2011 | 21645689 |
| hop bitter acids exhibit anti-fibrogenic effects on hepatic stellate cells in vitro. | female inflorescences of the hop plant humulus lupulus l. contain a variety of secondary metabolites with bitter acids (ba) as quantitatively dominating secondary metabolites. the use of hops in beer brewing has a long history due to the antibacterial effects of the ba and their typical bitter taste. furthermore, hop cones are used in traditional medicine and for pharmaceutical purposes. recent studies indicate that ba may affect activity of the transcription factor nfκb. nfκb plays a key role i ... | 2011 | 22146696 |
| isoprene synthase genes form a monophyletic clade of acyclic terpene synthases in the tps-b terpene synthase family. | many plants emit significant amounts of isoprene, which is hypothesized to help leaves tolerate short episodes of high temperature. isoprene emission is found in all major groups of land plants including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms; however, within these groups isoprene emission is variable. the patchy distribution of isoprene emission implies an evolutionary pattern characterized by many origins or many losses. to better understand the evolution of isoprene emission, we examine ... | 2012 | 23550753 |
| method development and validation for ultra-high-pressure lc/ms/ms determination of hop prenylflavonoids in human serum. | hops (humulus lupulus l.) are used in the brewing of beer, and hop extracts containing prenylated compounds, such as xanthohumol (xn) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn), are under investigation as dietary supplements for cancer chemoprevention and the management of hot flashes in menopausal women. to facilitate clinical studies of hop safety and efficacy, a selective, sensitive, and fast ultra-high-pressure lc (uhplc) tandem ms method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ... | 2012 | 23451393 |
| [experience in treating digestive organ diseases with medicinal plants]. | results are reported of treatment of chronic hyposecretory gastritis, chronic hepatocholecystitis and angiocholitis by a herbal complex. the herbal composition included achillea millefolium, urtica dioica, cichorium (aboveground part), polygonum, matricaria chamomilla (flowers), helichrysum arenarium, calendula (flowers), corn stigmas, humulus lupulus (racemes) in proportion 3:3:1:1:2:1:1:2:1 respectively. the herbal decoction is to be taken 3 times daily before meals. diet n 5 (pevzner scheme) ... | 2009 | 2750130 |
| constitutive expression of a grapevine stilbene synthase gene in transgenic hop (humulus lupulus l.) yields resveratrol and its derivatives in substantial quantities. | resveratrol, a well-known phytoalexin and antioxidant, is produced by the action of stilbene synthase (sts) in some plant species. hop (humulus lupulus l.) plants of the tettnang variety were transformed with a gene encoding for sts from grapevine. under the control of the constitutive 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, expression of the transgene resulted in accumulation of resveratrol and high levels of its glycosylated derivatives in leaves and inflorescences. piceid, the predominant deri ... | 2007 | 17655245 |
| identification and characterization of micrornas in humulus lupulus using high-throughput sequencing and their response to citrus bark cracking viroid (cbcvd) infection. | hop (humulus lupulus l.) plants are grown primarily for the brewing industry and have been used as a traditional medicinal herb for a long time. severe hop stunt disease caused by the recently discovered citrus bark cracking viroid (cbcvd) is one of the most devastating diseases among other viroid infections in hop. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of non-coding small rnas that play important roles in gene expression regulation. to identify mirnas in hop and their response to cbcvd-infection, two ... | 2016 | 27846797 |
| effects of hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community in an artificial rumen (rusitec). | there is a growing interest in the use of hops (humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics to manipulate ruminal fermentation. however, the effects of different hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations have not been studied. here the effects of three hop varieties, cascade (cas), millennium (mil) and teamaker (tm), at a level of 800 µg ml(-1) inoculum on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in an artificial rumen system (rusitec) fed a barley silage-based ... | 2013 | 22692875 |
| evaluation of the effect of humulus lupulus alcoholic extract on rifampin-sensitive and resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the increasing incidence of multi drug resistance tuberculosis (mdr-tb) and extensively drug resistance tb (xdr-tb) worldwide highlight the urgent need to search for newer anti-tuberculosis compounds. it has been determined that pharmaceutical plant, hops (humulus lupulus), possesses some antibacterial effect. in this study, the antimycobacterial effect of this plant on rifampin sensitive and resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis were examined. sensitivity and resistance of 37 iranian ... | 2012 | 23248674 |
| effects of extracts of humulus lupulus (hops) and yucca schidigera applied alone or in combination with monensin on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. | β-acids in hops (humulus lupulus) and saponins in yucca (yucca schidigera) have been found to possess antimicrobial properties similar to that of monensin and could be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. the effects of monensin (mon) and ethanol extracts of hops (he) and y. schidigera (ye) alone and in combination with mon were assessed on ruminal microbial composition and fermentation in vitro of a barley-based diet. | 2013 | 23483574 |
| dose-dependent protective and inductive effects
of xanthohumol on oxidative dna damage in
saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the effect of xanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid isolated from the hop plant (humulus lupulus l.), on saccharomyces cerevisiae dna oxidative damage and viability was evaluated. yeast cultures under oxidative stress, induced by h2o2, displayed stronger growth in the presence of 5 mg/l of xanthohumol than cultures with only h2o2. likewise, dna damage assessed by the comet assay was significantly lower in cells co-incubated with xanthohumol and h2o2. accordingly, fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein in ... | 2016 | 27904394 |
| medicinal plants as alternative treatments for female sexual dysfunction: utopian vision or possible treatment in climacteric women? | female sexual dysfunction (fsd) is a complex and multifactorial condition. an increased incidence of fsd is especially associated with the decline of estrogen. thus, menopause is a critical phase for fsd complaints. in this context, medicinal plants may be a therapeutic option. | 2010 | 20722793 |
| degradation of spent craft brewer's yeast by caprine rumen hyper ammonia-producing bacteria. | spent yeast from craft beers often includes more hops (humulus lupulus l.) secondary metabolites than traditional recipes. these compounds include α- and β- acids, which are antimicrobial to the rumen hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (hab) that are major contributors to amino acid degradation. the objective was to determine if the hops acids in spent craft brewer's yeast (cy; ~ 3·5 mg g(-1) hops acids) would protect it from degradation by caprine rumen bacteria and hab when compared to a baker's ... | 2016 | 27471059 |
| a heteromeric membrane-bound prenyltransferase complex from hop catalyzes three sequential aromatic prenylations in the bitter acid pathway. | bitter acids (α and β types) account for more than 30% of the fresh weight of hop (humulus lupulus) glandular trichomes and are well known for their contribution to the bitter taste of beer. these multiprenylated chemicals also show diverse biological activities, some of which have potential benefits to human health. the bitter acid biosynthetic pathway has been investigated extensively, and the genes for the early steps of bitter acid synthesis have been cloned and functionally characterized. h ... | 2015 | 25564559 |
| characterization of the formation of branched short-chain fatty acid:coas for bitter acid biosynthesis in hop glandular trichomes. | bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop (humulus lupulus) glandular trichomes. branched short-chain acyl-coas (e.g. isobutyryl-coa, isovaleryl-coa and 2-methylbutyryl-coa), derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids (bcaas), are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. however, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool ... | 2013 | 23300257 |
| inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and streptococcus bovis by hops (humulus lupulus l.) β-acid. | the goals of this study were to determine if β-acid from hops (humulus lupulus l.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (pal) in the horse. | 2014 | 24775300 |
| [effect of plant extracts on cytotoxic activity of vibrio cholerae hemolysin]. | study of plant extracts that have the ability to neutralize cytotoxic activity of hemolysin. | 2013 | 24341209 |
| the effects of beta acids from hops (humulus lupulus) on mortality of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | hop (humulus lupulus l.) beta acids (hba) were tested for miticidal effects on varroa destructor anderson and trueman, a parasitic mite of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). when varroa were placed on bees that had topical applications of 1 % hba, there was 100 % mite mortality. bee mortality was unaffected. cardboard strips saturated with hba and placed in colonies resulted in mite drop that was significantly greater than in untreated hives. hba was detected on about 60 % of the bees in colonie ... | 2012 | 22767150 |
| behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to selected noxious plant extracts and insecticides. | behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), adults were tested for several methanolic plant extracts and organically approved insecticides. plant extracts were evaluated for their potential as antifeedants or oviposition deterrents. these extract responses were also compared to those elicited by the non-neurotoxic, organic irritant-insecticide kaolin clay. both sexes of plum curculio exhibited antennal response as mea ... | 2014 | 25368046 |
| nonvolatile chemical cues affect host-plant ranking by gravid polygonia c-album females. | in a multiple-choice test, the preference of egg-laying polygonia c-album (comma butterfly) females was studied for oviposition on plants bearing surrogate leaves treated with crude methanol extracts obtained from leaves of seven host-plant species: humulus lupulus, urtica dioica, ulmus glabra, salix caprea, ribes nigrum, corylus avellana, and betula pubescens. the ranking order of surrogate leaves treated with host-plant extracts corresponded well to that reported on natural foliage, except r. ... | 2012 | 22486046 |
| in vitro gas production kinetics and short-chain fatty acid production from rumen incubation of diets supplemented with hop cones (humulus lupulus l.). | the aim of this study was to assess the effects of hop cones (humulus lupulus l.) from two varieties aurora and dana, differing in their α- and β-acid contents, on rumen microbial activity measured with in vitro gas production kinetics and short-chain fatty acids (scfa) production. hop cones were added to the total mixed dairy cow ration (cont) in concentrations simulating a cow's daily intake of 50, 100 and 200 g of hop cones - the concentrations of hop cones expressed on a substrate basis were ... | 2015 | 25475691 |
| influence of two hop (humulus lupulus l.) varieties on in vitro dry matter and crude protein degradability and digestibility in ruminants. | hop cones contain several antimicrobial substances. the aim of the study was to determine the effects of two hop varieties, aurora and dana, on substrate (diet for a dairy cow, producing 30 kg milk daily) in vitro dry matter (dm) and crude protein (cp) degradability and digestibility. | 2014 | 24105876 |
| evaluation of a 13-loci str multiplex system for cannabis sativa genetic identification. | marijuana (cannabis sativa) is the most commonly used illicit substance in the usa. the development of a validated method using cannabis short tandem repeats (strs) could aid in the individualization of samples as well as serve as an intelligence tool to link multiple cases. for this purpose, a modified 13-loci str multiplex method was optimized and evaluated according to isfg and swgdam guidelines. a real-time pcr quantification method for c. sativa was developed and validated, and a sequenced ... | 2016 | 26661945 |
| the complete chloroplast genomes of cannabis sativa and humulus lupulus. | cannabis and humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the cannabaceae sensu stricto, including c. sativa l. (marijuana, hemp), and h. lupulus l. (hops) as two economically important crops. these two plants have been used by humans for many purposes including as a fiber, food, medicine, or inebriant in the case of c. sativa, and as a flavoring component in beer brewing in the case of h. lupulus. in this study, we report the complete chloroplast genomes for two distinct hemp varieties ... | 2016 | 26329384 |
| separation of isomeric short-chain acyl-coas in plant matrices using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) thioesters are important intermediates in cellular metabolism and being able to distinguish among them is critical to fully understanding metabolic pathways in plants. although significant advances have been made in the identification and quantification of acyl-coas using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms), separation of isomeric species such as isobutyryl- and n-butyrl-coa has remained elusive. here we report an ultra-performance liquid chromato ... | 2015 | 25553535 |
| developmental validation of a cannabis sativa str multiplex system for forensic analysis. | a developmental validation study based on recommendations of the scientific working group on dna analysis methods (swgdam) was conducted on a multiplex system of 10 cannabis sativa short tandem repeat loci. amplification of the loci in four multiplex reactions was tested across dna from dried root, stem, and leaf sources, and dna from fresh, frozen, and dried leaf tissue with a template dna range of 10.0-0.01 ng. the loci were amplified and scored consistently for all dna sources when dna templa ... | 2008 | 18624889 |
| establishing the rdna igs structure of cannabis sativa. | the rdna intergenic spacer (igs) structure of cannabis sativa was established and can be used for classification and identification of this species. in this study, dna fragments of rdna igs were amplified by pcr from cannabis sativa plant extracts and a 1387 bp fragment was obtained. dna sequence analysis revealed six different repeat motifs. in the middle of the igs sequence, there were three sequence motifs, and the same three sections of dna were then repeated with minor variation in sequence ... | 2004 | 15171162 |
| intraspecific variation in cannabis sativa l. based on intergenic spacer region of chloroplast dna. | we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast dna: the intergenic spacer between trnl (uaa) 3'exon and trnf (gaa). two kinds of sequence, "type-1" and "type-2," were detected in 33 populations of cannabis sativa. the length of the "type-1" fragment was 354 bp. in contrast, the "type-2" fragment from 3 populations was 353 bp long, with only one base deletion compared to "type-1." the fragment length from humulus lupulus was 353 bp with a 1-bp deletion, and ten 1-bp ... | 2000 | 10864024 |
| molecular mechanisms behind the antimicrobial activity of hop iso-α-acids in lactobacillus brevis. | the main bittering component in beer, hop iso-α-acids, have been characterised as weak acids, which act as ionophores impairing microbial cells' function under acidic conditions as present in beer. besides medium ph, divalent cations play a central role regarding the efficacy of the antimicrobial effect. the iso-α-acids' non-bitter derivatives humulinic acids can be found in isomerised hop extracts and can be generated during hop storage. therefore, they have been under investigation concerning ... | 2015 | 25475328 |
| detection of acid and hop shock induced responses in beer spoiling lactobacillus brevis by maldi-tof ms. | due to the harsh environment, microorganisms encounter in beer, spoilage bacteria must be able to customise their metabolism and physiology in an order to master various kinds of perturbations. proteomic approaches have been used to examine differences between various beer spoilage bacteria and between different stress conditions, such as acid and hop (humulus lupulus) stress. however, these investigations cannot detect changes in low molecular weight (lmw) proteins (<150 amino acids). therefore ... | 2015 | 25475321 |
| the sedative effects of hops (humulus lupulus), a component of beer, on the activity/rest rhythm. | the hop (humulus lupulus), a component of beer, is a sedative plant whose pharmacological activity is due principally to its bitter resins, especially to the α-acid component 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. the mechanism of action of the resin of hop consists of increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric (gaba), inhibiting the central nervous system (cns). | 2012 | 22849837 |
| contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used european herbal medicinal products - part 2: echinacea purpurea-lavandula angustifolia. | this review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the european medicines agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of november 2013 and for which a community herbal monograph has been produced. part 2: echinacea purpurea moench-lavandula angustifolia mill. | 2015 | 25600644 |
| ribosomal dna analysis as a tool for the identification of cannabis sativa l. specimens of forensic interest. | a method is described for the identification of cannabis sativa l., comparing the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer ii (its2) of an unknown sample with a known predetermined consensus sequence of cannabis. hemp its2 varied very little among cultivars, but was consistently different from that of hops (humulus lupulus l.), which belongs to the only other genus of family cannabinaceae. | 2000 | 9302834 |
| [occupational immediate type allergy to hemp pollen and hashish (author's transl)]. | a 26-year aged non-atopic criminological technician reacted to hemp (cannabis sativa) and hashish with urticarial eruptions on hands and lower arms, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. rubbing tests with pollenrich hashish were strongly positive. as hemp antigens were unavailable a hyposensitization therapy with hop (humulus lupulus)--a plant belonging to the cannabacea family--was begun. | 1980 | 6447587 |
| botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. | botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ... | 2016 | 27677719 |
| the combination of gas chromatography-olfactometry and multidimensional gas chromatography for the characterisation of essential oils. | a research area of great interest to the flavour industry is the analysis of odour active compounds in essential oils. in this paper, a methodology is presented for the identification of character-impact odorants in essential oil samples using (a) gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o); (b) comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc x gc) combined to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (tofms) and (c) heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry (mdgc-o). the specific advant ... | 2007 | 16879832 |