| a mycobacterium isolated from tissue cultures of mature pinus sylvestris interferes with growth of scots pine seedlings. | we isolated a rapidly growing, pigment-producing mycobacterium from senescent tissue cultures derived from mature scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). the bacterium was found in three senescent suspension cultures and in a senescent protoplast culture. growth of scots pine cells had ceased in all of these cultures. exogenous contamination was eliminated by rigorous surface sterilization of the buds with hypochlorite before aseptic removal of the bud scales. based on biochemical and physiological pr ... | 2000 | 11303582 |
| [self-recovery of plant communities: examples, mechanisms, and approaches for description]. | autogenic (self-recovering) plant communities that need no transitional stages of succession for their recovery after damage are widespread in different areas of the globe. they are typical for tundras, but also common in boreal forests, alpine belts, deserts and mediterranean biomes. such communities usually dominate the landscape. the authors examine in details the communities of cottongrass (eriophorum vaginatum) wet tussock tundras of north-eastern asia and alaska, the dryad (dryas punctata) ... | 2001 | 11605551 |
| fine root biomass and production in scots pine stands in relation to stand age. | we determined fine root biomass and production of 15-, 35- and 100-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands during three growing seasons. fine roots were sampled by the soil core method. mean (+/- se) annual fine root biomass of scots pine in the 15-, 35- and 100-year-old stands was 220 +/- 25, 357 +/- 21 and 259 +/- 26 g m(-2), respectively. fine root biomass of the understory vegetation was 159 +/- 54 g m(-2), 244 +/- 30 and 408 +/- 81 g m(-2), and fine root necromass was 500 +/- 112, ... | 2001 | 11303650 |
| genotoxicity of dill (anethum graveolens l.), peppermint (menthaxpiperita l.) and pine (pinus sylvestris l.) essential oils in human lymphocytes and drosophila melanogaster. | genotoxic properties of the essential oils extracted from dill (anethum graveolens l.) herb and seeds, peppermint (menthaxpiperita l.) herb and pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles were studied using chromosome aberration (ca) and sister chromatid exchange (sce) tests in human lymphocytes in vitro, and drosophila melanogaster somatic mutation and recombination test (smart) in vivo. in the ca test, the most active essential oil was from dill seeds, then followed essential oils from dill herb, peppe ... | 2001 | 11313115 |
| carbon assimilation and nitrogen in needles of fertilized and unfertilized field-grown scots pine at natural and elevated concentrations of co2. | effects of elevated co2 concentration ([co2]) on carbon assimilation and needle biochemistry of fertilized and unfertilized 25-30-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were studied in a branch bag experiment set up in a naturally regenerated stand. in each tree, one branch was enclosed in a bag supplied with ambient [co2] (360 micromol mol(-1)), a second branch was enclosed in a bag supplied with elevated [co2] (680 micromol(-1)) and a control branch was left unbagged. the co2 treatmen ... | 2000 | 11303578 |
| secretion of proinflammatory eicosanoid-like substances precedes allergen release from pollen grains in the initiation of allergic sensitization. | it is commonly believed that allergic sensitization starts when an allergen contacts the surface of an antigen-presenting cell in mucosal or skin epithelia. most studies dealing with this aspect use allergen extracts as stimulus. under natural exposure conditions, however, the bioavailability of allergen depends on allergen liberation from internal binding sites within the allergen carrier, e.g. pollen grains. in comparing total protein and major allergen release from timothy grass (phleum prate ... | 2001 | 11306946 |
| nitrogen availability modifies the ozone responses of scots pine seedlings exposed in an open-field system. | three-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were exposed to either ambient or elevated (1.5-1.6 x ambient) ozone concentration ([o3]) for three growing seasons in an open-field fumigation facility where they were irrigated during the growing season with a nutrient solution providing nitrogen (n) at 70 (ln treatment), 100 (control) or 150% (hn treatment) of the optimum supply rate. treatment effects were most evident during the third year of exposure, when the ambient [o3] + hn trea ... | 2001 | 11600342 |
| uv-b absorbance and uv-b absorbing compounds (para-coumaric acid) in pollen and sporopollenin: the perspective to track historic uv-b levels. | uv-b absorbance and uv-b absorbing compounds (uacs) of the pollen of vicia faba, betula pendula, helleborus foetidus and pinus sylvestris were studied. sequential extraction demonstrated considerable uv-b absorbance both in the soluble (acid methanol) and insoluble sporopollenin (acetolysis resistant residue) fractions of uacs, while the wall-bound fraction of uacs was small. the uv-b absorbance of the soluble and sporopollenin fraction of pollen of vicia faba plants exposed to enhanced uv-b (10 ... | 2001 | 11693361 |
| auxin as a positional signal in pattern formation in plants. | by using a novel, extremely sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique we demonstrate in pinus sylvestris (l.) trees the existence of a steep radial concentration gradient of the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, over the lateral meristem responsible for the bulk of plant secondary growth, the vascular cambium. this is the first evidence that plant morphogens, such as indole-3-acetic acid, occur in concentration gradients over developing tissues. this finding giv ... | 1996 | 11607701 |
| comparison of the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a 1500000-km2 area in northern europe. | leaves of 9 different plant species (terrestrial moss represented by: hylocomium splendens and pleurozium schreberi; and 7 species of vascular plants: blueberry, vaccinium myrtillus; cowberry, vaccinium titis-idaea; crowberry, empetrum nigrum; birch, betula pubescens; willow, salix spp.; pine, pinus sylvestris and spruce, picea abies) have been collected from up to 9 catchments (size 14-50 km2) spread over a 1500000 km2 area in northern europe. soil samples were taken of the o-horizon and of the ... | 2001 | 11669279 |
| rates and quantities of carbon flux to ectomycorrhizal mycelium following 14c pulse labeling of pinus sylvestris seedlings: effects of litter patches and interaction with a wood-decomposer fungus. | we used a novel digital autoradiographic technique that enabled, for the first time, simultaneous visualization and quantification of spatial and temporal changes in carbon allocation patterns in ectomycorrhizal mycelia. mycorrhizal plants of pinus sylvestris l. were grown in microcosms containing non-sterile peat. the time course and spatial distribution of carbon allocation by p. sylvestris to mycelia of its mycorrhizal partners, paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. and suillus bovinus (l.): kuntze ... | 2001 | 11303651 |
| growth of conifer seedlings on organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. | effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on growth and mineral nutrient concentrations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were compared in a 100-day experiment in a greenhouse. seedlings were grown in pots containing peat. nutrient solutions differing in ammonium, nitrate, arginine and glycine composition were supplied to the seedlings at three nitrogen (n) concentrations: 1, 3 and 10 mm. we used dual (13c, 15n) and single (15n) iso ... | 2001 | 11731342 |
| site fertility and the morphological and photosynthetic acclimation of pinus sylvestris needles to light. | morphological and photosynthetic acclimation of current-year needles to canopy gradients in light availability (seasonal mean integrated quantum flux density, q(int)) was studied in the temperate conifer, pinus sylvestris l., at two sites of contrasting nutrient availability. the nutrient-rich site supported a monospecific p. sylvestris stand on an old-field. the trees were approximately 30 years old and 19-21 m tall. mean foliar n and p contents (+/- sd) were 1.53 +/- 0.11% and 0.196 +/- 0.017% ... | 2001 | 11696411 |
| toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelididae). | six plant essential oils alone as repellent and fumigant, and in combination with the controlled atmosphere against liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel were assessed in the laboratory. these essential oils were extracted from the leaves of six source plants: citrus tangerina tanaka, citrus aurantium l., citrus bergamia risso et poiteau, pinus sylvestris l., cupressus funebris end]., and eucalyptus citriodora hook. the repellency test indicated that l. bostrychophila adults were repelled by filter ... | 2001 | 11681697 |
| effects of climatic warming on cold hardiness of some northern woody plants assessed from simulation experiments. | effects of climatic warming on cold hardiness were investigated for some northern woody plants. in the first experiment, seedlings of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. var. latifolia engelm.) were exposed to naturally fluctuating temperatures averaging -6 degrees c (ambient) and 0 degrees c (elevated) for 16 weeks in midwinter before they were thawed and re-saturated with water. in lodgepole pine, needle sugar conc ... | 2001 | 11319017 |
| tomicus piniperda (coleoptera: scolytidae) shoot-feeding characteristics and overwintering behavior in scotch pine christmas trees. | overwintering behavior of tomicus piniperda (l.) was studied in a scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) christmas tree plantation in indiana (1992-1994) and a plantation in michigan (1994). in general, adults feed inside shoots during summer, then move to overwintering sites at the base of trees in autumn. in early autumn, adults were most often found in shoot-feeding tunnels that were still surrounded by green needles, whereas few were in tunnels surrounded by yellow or brown needles. for all years ... | 2001 | 11332834 |
| effects of drought stress and high density stem inoculations with leptographium wingfieldii on hydraulic properties of young scots pine trees. | we examined drought-induced changes in susceptibility of potted scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees to a bark-beetle associated fungus (leptographium wingfieldii morelet, from the bark beetle tomicus piniperda l.). five-year-old field-grown trees were transplanted to 50-l pots and grown for 1 year before the treatments were applied. trees in the drought treatment were subjected to several successive, 3-week-long drought cycles, with predawn water potential dropping below -2 mpa at peak drough ... | 2001 | 11340043 |
| effects of soil temperature on biomass and carbohydrate allocation in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings at the beginning of the growing season. | we studied effects of soil temperature on shoot and root extension growth and biomass and carbohydrate allocation in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings at the beginning of the growing season. one-year-old scots pine seedlings were grown for 9 weeks at soil temperatures of 5, 9, 13 and 17 degrees c and an air temperature of 17 degrees c. date of bud burst, and the elongation of shoots and roots were monitored. biomass of current and previous season roots, stem and needles was determined a ... | 2001 | 11340047 |
| identification of processes governing long-term accumulation of 137cs by forest trees following the chernobyl accident. | the regularities of 137cs distribution in trees (pinus sylvestris and betula pendula) growing in different types of forest ecosystems were investigated. high levels of heterogeneity of 137cs activity concentrations in different parts of the trees, resulting from their varied metabolism have been shown. the data obtained demonstrate a non-uniform character of 137cs distribution along the trunks, which can be explained by radionuclide fixation by the xylem vessel walls and by geometry changes alon ... | 2001 | 11484781 |
| decomposition of coniferous forest litter along a heavy metal pollution gradient, south-west finland. | the decomposition of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) fine root and needle litter was examined along a heavy metal pollution gradient in the vicinity of harjavalta metals smelter complex at harjavalta, south-west finland. the study area was found to exhibit a defined gradient of copper and nickel soil contamination along a 8 km long transect starting at 0.5 km from the point emission source with the highest levels found at this site. the background site is located 200 km from the point source. the ... | 2001 | 11351757 |
| cambial history of scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris) prior and after the chernobyl accident as encoded in the xylem. | studies were carried out on wood samples collected in october 1997 from breast height of scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris) from site located 5 km south from the chernobyl nuclear power plant. the radioactive contamination at the site was 3.7x10(5) kbq m(-2). these samples of secondary wood were used as an archive of information about the dynamics of a meristematic tissue cambium affected by ionising radiation from the chernobyl reactor accident. the results show that frequency of the cambial c ... | 2001 | 11378167 |
| modern pollen and stomate deposition in lake surface sediments from across the treeline on the kola peninsula, russia. | we sampled and analyzed surface sediments from 31 lakes along a latitudinal transect crossing the coniferous treeline on the kola peninsula, russia. the major vegetation zones along the transect were tundra, birch-forest tundra, pine-forest tundra, and forest. the results indicate that the major vegetation types in our study area have distinct pollen spectra. sum-of-squares cluster analysis and principal components analysis (pca) groupings of pollen sites correspond to the major vegetation zones ... | 2001 | 11389916 |
| identification of a hydrophobin gene that is developmentally regulated in the ectomycorrhizal fungus tricholoma terreum. | the symbiosis between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is an essential part of forest ecology and depends entirely on the communication between the two partners for establishing and maintaining the relationship. the identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes is a step to identifying such signals and to understanding the regulation of this process. we determined the role of hydrophobins produced by tricholoma terreum in mycorrhiza formation and hyphal development. a hydr ... | 2002 | 11872494 |
| [genetic effects of acute and chronic ionizing irradiation on pinus sylvestris l., inhabiting the chernobyl' meltdown area]. | the main results of the 12-year radiation-genetic monitoring of radiobiological, cytogenetic, and genetic parameters in pinus sylvestris forest plantation from the chernobyl meltdown area are presented. the acute ionizing irradiation at doses > 1 gy was shown to induce formation of morphoses and depressed growth; at doses > 2 gy, the reproductive ability of the trees declined. the radiobiological parameters showed a linear or close to linear dose-dependence relationship. the acute irradiation at ... | 2001 | 11421116 |
| a small family of novel cuzn-superoxide dismutases with high isoelectric points in hybrid aspen. | several cuzn-superoxide dismutases (sods; ec 1.15.1.1) were cloned from hybrid aspen (populus tremula l. x tremuloides michx.). two of the cloned genes encode representatives of a novel type of cuzn-sod and we named it hipi-sod because of its high isoelectric point (> or =9). the sods were cloned by screening a cdna library with a probe based on a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) cuzn-sod that is predominantly located extracellularly. the expression pattern of hipi-sod was examined using a north ... | 2001 | 11469593 |
| fast, nondestructive measurement of frost hardiness in conifer seedlings by vis+nir spectroscopy. | frost hardiness development from mid-august to mid-november was evaluated in seedlings of three provenances of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and three provenances of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) raised at nurseries in north, central and south sweden. measurements of the visible + near infrared (vis+nir) spectra of shoots were made simultaneously with estimates of frost hardiness based on electrolyte leakage following artificial freezing. nine physiological variables known to influe ... | 2001 | 11470661 |
| the promoter of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene from the conifer pinus sylvestris is active in cotyledons of germinating seeds and light-regulated in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | we have isolated and characterized a genomic clone encoding scots pine (pinus sylvestris) cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs). the clone contains the 5' end half of the gene including part of the coding region and 980 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon. the major transcription start site (+1) was mapped around 180 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. sequence analysis of the 5'-upstream region of the gene reveals the presence of putative regulatory elements incl ... | 2001 | 11473696 |
| a method for estimating light interception by a conifer shoot. | we present an operational method for estimating the amount of par intercepted by a coniferous shoot. interception of par by a shoot is divided into three components: the amount of radiation coming from the sky, the transmission of radiation through the surrounding vegetation, and the shoot' s silhouette area facing the direction of the incoming radiation. all three components usually vary with direction. radiation incident from the sky consists of direct and diffuse radiation. the well-known equ ... | 2001 | 11498327 |
| shoot structure and photosynthetic efficiency along the light gradient in a scots pine canopy. | we examined the effects of structural and physiological acclimation on the photosynthetic efficiency of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots. we estimated daily light interception (dli) and photosynthesis (dphot) of a number of sample shoots situated at different positions in the canopy. photosynthetic efficiency (epsilon) was defined as the ratio of dphot to the potential daily light interception (dli(ref)) defined as the photosynthetically active radiation (par) intercepted per unit area of ... | 2001 | 11498328 |
| tree stem diameter variations and transpiration in scots pine: an analysis using a dynamic sap flow model. | a dynamic model for simulating water flow in a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) tree was developed. the model is based on the cohesion theory and the assumption that fluctuating water tension driven by transpiration, together with the elasticity of wood tissue, causes variations in the diameter of a tree stem and branches. the change in xylem diameter can be linked to water tension in accordance with hookeâ s law. the model was tested against field measurements of the diurnal xylem diameter cha ... | 2001 | 11498336 |
| a novel superoxide dismutase with a high isoelectric point in higher plants. expression, regulation, and protein localization. | several isoforms of superoxide dismutase (sod) with a high isoelectric point (pi) have been identified by isoelectric focusing chromatography in protein extracts from scots pine (pinus sylvestris) needles. one of these isoforms, a cuzn-sod with a pi of about 10 and thus denoted hipi-sod, has been isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity. a cdna encoding the hipi-sod protein was cloned and sequenced. northern hybridization of mrna isolated from different organs and tissues showed that hipi-s ... | 2001 | 11500564 |
| photosynthetic electron transport adjustments in overwintering scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | as shown before [c. ottander et al. (1995) planta 197:176-183], there is a severe inhibition of the photosystem (ps) ii photochemical efficiency of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) during the winter. in contrast, the in vivo psi photochemistry is less inhibited during winter as shown by in vivo measurements of deltaa820/a820 (p700+). there was also an enhanced cyclic electron transfer around psi in winter-stressed needles as indicated by 4-fold faster reduction kinetics of p700+. the differentia ... | 2001 | 11556790 |
| the ratio of npp to gpp: evidence of change over the course of stand development. | using scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in fenno-scandia as a case study, we investigate whether net primary production (npp) and maintenance respiration are constant fractions of gross primary production (gpp) as even-aged mono-specific stands progress from initiation to old age. a model of the ratio of npp to gpp is developed based on (1) the classical model of respiration, which divides total respiration into construction and maintenance components, and (2) a process-based model, which derives ... | 2001 | 11560815 |
| effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on needle growth, respiration and carbohydrate status in field-grown scots pines during the needle expansion period. | we determined effects of long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) and temperature on growth, respiration and carbohydrate concentration in needles of field-grown scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees during the needle expansion period. sixteen 20-year-old scots pine trees were individually enclosed in closed-top, environmentally controlled chambers for 4 years in one of four environments: ambient conditions (con); elevated [co2] (ec); elevated temperature (et); and a combinat ... | 2001 | 11696415 |
| cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems, hydrogen peroxide content, and differentiation in scots pine roots. | to investigate whether cd induces common plant defense pathways or unspecific necrosis, the temporal sequence of physiological reactions, including hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) production, changes in ascorbate-glutathione-related antioxidant systems, secondary metabolism (peroxidases, phenolics, and lignification), and developmental changes, was characterized in roots of hydroponically grown scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings. cd (50 microm, 6 h) initially increased superoxide dismutase, in ... | 2001 | 11706171 |
| [distribution patterns of root systems of main planting tree species in weibei loess plateau]. | the vertical patterns of root systems of pinus tabulaeformis, robinia pseudoacacia, platycladus orientalis, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pinus armandi, prunus armeniacia var. ansu planted in the weibei loess plateau were studied with soil auger. site conditions had a significant effect on the vertical root distribution of r. pseudoacacia, of which, soil moisture is the key factor. soil species and soil structure also had great effect on the distribution. p. tabulaeformis had a maximum rootin ... | 2000 | 11766584 |
| biochemical parameters as biomarkers for the early recognition of environmental pollution on scots pine trees. ii. the antioxidative metabolites ascorbic acid, glutathione, alpha-tocopherol and the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. | field investigations with scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) were performed in eastern germany, where ambient so2, nox and o3 concentrations differed significantly in 1992-99 at three sites, namely neuglobsow (yearly mean so2 in 1992: 9 microg m(-3)), taura (yearly mean so2 in 1992: 54 microg m(-3)) and rösa (yearly mean so2 in 1992: 73 microg m(-3)). to investigate the effects of so2, nox and o3 on antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione reductase, alpha- ... | 2001 | 11724381 |
| biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by root exudates. | in order to study the biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by agrarian (zea mays: cultivars mytos and samantha) and forest (picea abies karst. and pinus sylvestris l.) root exudates, two different soils, an eutric cambisol (ec) and a rendzic leptosol (rl), were considered. soil organic matter extracts were obtained by treating the soils with water (control) or plant root exudates. the extracts were characterized by hormone-like activities and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometri ... | 2002 | 11999770 |
| impact of sawfly defoliation on growth of scots pine pinus sylvestris (pinaceae) and associated economic losses. | needle defoliation by diprionid sawflies decreases the increment and timber yield of scots pine pinus sylvestris l. the aim of this study was to provide approximate estimates of this decrease and preliminary estimates of the economic value of growth losses and tree mortality. growth loss after needle damage by diprion pini (linnaeus) was studied in western finland. increment cores were sampled for radial growth measurements from trees subjected to slight, moderate and heavy defoliation. a litera ... | 2002 | 12020371 |
| influence of extreme pollution on the inorganic chemical composition of some plants. | leaves of nine different plant species (terrestrial moss: hylocomium splendens and pleurozium schreberi, blueberry: vaccinium myrtillus, cowberry: vaccinium vitis-idaea, crowberry: empetrum nigrum, birch: betula pubescens, willow: salix spp., pine: pinus sylvestris, and spruce: picea abies) have been collected from up to nine catchments (size 14-50 km2) spread over a 1,500,000 km2 area in northern europe. additional soil samples were taken from the o-horizon and the c-horizon at each plant sampl ... | 2001 | 11706797 |
| stomatal conductance alone does not explain the decline in foliar photosynthetic rates with increasing tree age and size in picea abies and pinus sylvestris. | foliar light-saturated net assimilation rates (a) generally decrease with increasing tree height (h) and tree age (y), but it is unclear whether the decline in a is attributable to size- and age-related modifications in foliage morphology (needle dry mass per unit projected area; m(a)), nitrogen concentration, stomatal conductance to water vapor (g), or biochemical foliage potentials for photosynthesis (maximum carboxylase activity of rubisco; v(cmax)). i studied the influences of h and y on fol ... | 2002 | 12045025 |
| influence of odor from wood-decaying fungi on host selection behavior of deathwatch beetle, xestobium rufovillosum. | adult females of xestobium rufovillosum de geer demonstrated anemotactic orientation when exposed to an odor plume containing volatiles generated by wood-decaying fungi (coriolus versicolor, donkioporia expansa) and decayed oak wood (quercus petraea, quercus robur). they did not orient towards undecayed oak wood, beech (fagus sylvatica), or pine wood (pinus sylvestris). although all insects tested showed anemotactic orientation, responses were nonlinear with respect to insect age. adult females ... | 2002 | 12035923 |
| seasonal variation in nitrogen net uptake and root plasma membrane h+-atpase activity of scots pine seedlings as affected by nutrient availability. | we examined changes in nitrogen (n) net uptake and activity and amount of plasma membrane h+-atpase (pm-atpase) in roots of hydroponically cultured scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings throughout a simulated second growing season. seedlings were grown with low (0.25 mm n) or high (2.5 mm n) nutrient availability to determine whether root pm-atpase is dependent on an external nutrient supply. climatic conditions in the growth chamber simulated the mean growing season from may to mid-october ... | 2002 | 11772550 |
| ethylene metabolism in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) shoots during the year. | ethylene evolution, concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) and acc conjugates, activities of acc synthase and acc oxidase, and cambial growth as measured by tracheid production were monitored from november to july in 1-year-old shoots, and between july and september in current-year shoots, of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). needles, buds and four stem parts (cortex, phloem, cambial region and mature xylem) were surveyed. ethylene evolution was quantified by gas chromatog ... | 2002 | 11772556 |
| low nucleotide diversity at the pal1 locus in the widely distributed pinus sylvestris. | nucleotide polymorphism in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) was studied in the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5). scots pine, like many other pine species, has a large current population size. the observed levels of inbreeding depression suggest that scots pine may have a high mutation rate to deleterious alleles. many scots pine markers such as isozymes, rflps, and microsatellites are highly variable. these observations suggest that the levels of nucleotide variation shou ... | 2002 | 11801746 |
| urban polluted forest soils induce elevated root peroxidase activity in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. | plant biomass. mycorrhizal status and root peroxidase activity were measured in ectomycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings grown in urban polluted and native, non-polluted forest soils with added ammonium or potassium sulphates simulating n and s deposition of urban areas. peroxidase activity in the fine roots of seedlings planted in polluted forest soils was higher than in those planted in non-polluted soils and correlated positively with the activities measured in an earlier st ... | 2002 | 11806455 |
| the true distribution and accumulation of radiocaesium in stem of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | the radial and vertical distributions of radiocaesium, potassium and calcium were determined in two scots pine stands (17 and 58 yr old) similarly affected by the chernobyl fallout. for both age classes, concentrations are always the lowest in the stemwood, highest in the inner bark and intermediary levels were observed for the outer bark. due to the cumulative character of its biomass. however. stemwood is a long-term major reservoir of 137cs. with tree development, changes in the 137cs radial ... | 2002 | 11814168 |
| effects of trichloroacetic acid on the nitrogen metabolism of pinus sylvestris--a 13c/15n tracer study. | trichloroacetic acid (tca) can be found in various environmental compartments like air, rain and plants all over the world. it is assumed that tca is an atmospheric degradation product of volatile chloroorganic hydrocarbons. the herbicide effect of tca in higher concentrations is well known, but not much is known about the phytotoxic effects in environmentally relevant concentrations. it can be shown in this study by using the 13c/15n stable isotope tracer technique that [13c]tca is taken up by ... | 2002 | 11827283 |
| effect of fertilisation on the potassium and radiocaesium distribution in tree stands (pinus sylvestris l.) and peat on a pine mire. | this paper compares the effects of single and repeated fertilisation on the contents of potassium, 134cs and 137cs in different scots pine compartments at different levels above ground and in the peat profile 9 years after the chernobyl disaster. the material was collected from a ditch spacing and fertilisation experiment in finland. above a needle potassium concentration of 3.0 mg g(-1) in composed crown samples, 137cs and 134cs concentrations remained at about the same level but below that the ... | 2002 | 11843526 |
| nitrate reductase activity in some subarctic species and uv influence in the foliage of betula pendula roth. seedlings. | nitrate reductase (nr) activity was studied in the foliage of five subarctic species: mature trees of european white birch (betula pubescens erch. s.s.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst), ericaceous shrub bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), naturally growing in a forest, and seed-grown silver birch (betula pendula roth.) seedlings in an ultraviolet (uv) exclusion field experiment at the pallas-ounastunturi national park in finnish lapland (68 degrees n). mean ... | 2002 | 11846159 |
| comparing the variation of needle and wood terpenoids in scots pine provenances. | we determined variation in both the concentration and composition of terpenoids in needles and wood within nine scots pine (pinus sylvestris) provenances. seedlings of different provenances representing a 1200-km n-s transect from estonia to northern finland were cultivated in suonenjoki nursery field, central finland, for seven years. growth of seedlings and the number of vertical resin ducts in wood were also determined. alpha-pinene and 3-carene were the major monoterpenes both in the needles ... | 2002 | 11868675 |
| evaluation of platanus occidentalis and pinus sylvestris as bioindicators for lead and cadmium by slurry sampling-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. | two higher plants (platanus occidentalis and pinus sylvestris) were used as bioindicators for assessment of contamination by pb and cd in an urban and industrialized area. both toxic metals in plant tissue were determined by transverse-heated electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry-longitudinal zeeman background correction combined with automated ultrasonic slurry sampling. twenty sampling points were established to observe a relationship between metal concentration in plant and traffic de ... | 2002 | 11878603 |
| insect egg deposition induces pinus sylvestris to attract egg parasitoids. | plant volatiles released in response to feeding insects are known to attract enemies of the feeding herbivores. in this study, egg deposition by a herbivorous insect was shown to induce a gymnosperm plant to emit volatiles that attract egg parasitoids. odour from twigs of pinus sylvestris laden with egg masses of the pine sawfly diprion pini attracts the eulophid egg parasitoid chrysonotomyia ruforum. volatiles released from pine twigs without diprionid eggs are not attractive. oviposition by th ... | 2002 | 11893759 |
| requirement for far-red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of pinus sylvestris (scots pine). | extension growth of secondary needles is under photoperiodic control in pinus sylvestris. to test for the effects of far-red light on maintaining this extension growth, seedlings of six populations originating from latitudes between 57 degrees and 67 degrees n were raised for 11 weeks in continuous incandescent (metal halogen) light at 300 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1 and 20 degrees c and then transferred at the same temperature to a daily regime of 8 h incandescent light (230 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1) followed by ... | 2002 | 11903967 |
| identification and characterization of rapd markers inferring genetic relationships among pine species. | total genomic dnas were extracted from several populations of pine species and amplified using oligonucleotides of random sequences. polymorphism in random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers was high and sufficient in distinguishing each of the species. genetic relationships among eight pine species (pinus sylvestris, pinus strobus, pinus rigida, pinus resinosa, pinus nigra, pinus contorta, pinus monticola, and pinus banksiana) from different provenances were analyzed. the degree of band s ... | 2002 | 11908668 |
| population genetic structure of tomicus piniperda l. (curculionidae: scolytinae) on different pine species and validation of t. destruens (woll.). | genetic diversity and population structure of tomicus piniperda was assessed using mitochondrial sequences on 16 populations sampled on 6 pine species in france. amplifications of internal transcribed space 1 (its1) were also performed. our goals were to determine the taxonomic status of the mediterranean ecotype t. piniperda destruens, and to test for host plant or geographical isolation effect on population genetic structure. we showed that t. piniperda clusters in two mtdna haplotypic groups. ... | 2002 | 11918783 |
| chitinase production in pine callus (pinus sylvestris l.): a defense reaction against endophytes? | in shoot tip-derived tissue cultures of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), browning and subsequent degeneration of the culture is accompanied by lipid peroxidation and lignification of cells, which are characteristic features of a plant defense reaction. since chitinases are enzymes acting primarily in plant defense, their expression was studied in pine callus in order to elucidate the defense reaction. chitinases were present diversely in tissue cultures originating from shoot tips and embryos o ... | 2002 | 11941460 |
| [genetic structure, variability and differentiation of pinus sylvestris l. populations in the ukrainian carpathian mountains and rastoch'e]. | on the basis of electrophoretic analysis of 9 enzymous systems encoded by 20 gene loci the level of intra- and inter-population variation of two relict populations of pinus sylvestris l. in the ukrainian carpathians and two ones in rastochiye was studied. the less allele representation and the lower level of heterozygosity are typical for the carpathian populations. fst and gst, parameters of populations subdivision, were not high--0.020 and 0.022 correspondingly and the coefficient dn was 0.008 ... | 2001 | 11944323 |
| induction of discolored wood in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | induction of discolored wood in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees by treatment with ethylene, carbon dioxide, nitrogen (hypoxia) or wounding from early april to late september was investigated. all treatments induced formation of discolored wood upward and downward from the drill hole. the amount of discolored wood formed above the drill hole depended on the treatment in the following order: ethylene > carbon dioxide = nitrogen > wounding; and below the drill hole in the order: ethylene > c ... | 2002 | 11960757 |
| effects of exogenous diamines on the interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and adventitious root formation in scots pine in vitro. | production of free and conjugated polyamines by two ectomycorrhizal fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr., was studied in vitro. spermidine was the main polyamine in the mycelium of both fungi. paxillus involutus also produced large amounts of the diamine putrescine, whereas pisolithus tinctorius contained traces of the diamine cadaverine and released into the culture medium an unknown compound probably related to cadaverine or n-methylputrescin ... | 2002 | 11960762 |
| [natural regeneration of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on sandy land]. | by employing comparison analysis and field survey, the natural regeneration of mongolian pine plantations on sandy soil was investigated. in plantation areas where regeneration can take place naturally, natural regeneration of mongolian pine varied temporally and spatially. natural regeneration wasn't temporally continuous; it had a close relationship with autumn precipitation in particular years. in spatial aspect, there were three regeneration types: regeneration in forest gaps, regeneration o ... | 2002 | 11962303 |
| measuring and simulating crown respiration of scots pine with increased temperature and carbon dioxide enrichment. | acclimation to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature of respiration by the foliage in the crown of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees is measured and modelled. starting in 1996, individual 20-year-old trees were enclosed in chambers and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (con), elevated co2 concentration (ec), elevated temperature (et) or a combination of ec and et (ect). respiration of individual leaves within the crown was measured in 2000. to extrapolate ... | 2002 | 12234144 |
| [skewness and inequality of height distribution of young pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stands introduced on sandy soil with lower limited precipitation for tree survival and normal growth]. | based on the investigation of a transect (20 m wide and 80 m long) along a gradient (bottom, middle, and top) of a dune, whose height was about 5-10 m, the population dynamics in young pinus sylvestis var. mongolica stands was studied. the results showed that both skewness and height inequality declined before the self-thinning process occurred. age, initial growth status, density of the population, and neighborhood competition were the main factors affected height inequality. the location at sa ... | 2002 | 11962321 |
| comparing the influence of site quality, stand age, fire and climate on aboveground tree production in siberian scots pine forests. | temporal patterns of stem and needle production and total aboveground net primary production (anpp) were studied at the tree and stand level along four chronosequences of siberian scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests differing in site quality (poor lichen type or the more fertile vaccinium type) and in frequency of surface fires (unburned, moderately burned (fire return interval of approximately 40 years), or heavily burned (fire return interval of approximately 25 years)). the maximum range ... | 2002 | 12045026 |
| secondary metabolite concentrations and terpene emissions of scots pine xylem after long-term forest fertilization. | secondary compounds are known to be associated with the resistance of conifer xylem against insects and fungi. the effects of long-term forest fertilization with nitrogen (n) or with n, calcium (ca), and phosphorus (p) on secondary compounds in the xylem of 50-yr-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were examined. xylem samples were collected from trees growing in three locations in southern finland: vilppula, padasjoki, and punkaharju. forests were fertilized every fifth (vilppula and pad ... | 2002 | 12371188 |
| pisolithus tinctorius promotes germination and forms mycorrhizal structures in scots pine somatic embryos in vitro. | the results of the present study show that inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch potentially enhances the germination of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) somatic embryos in vitro. stimulation by pisolithus tinctorius was only observed in the absence of direct contact between the symbionts; mature embryos were not sufficiently robust for balanced interaction with the fungus on half-strength dcr medium. subsequently, on mmn medium with a reduced ... | 2002 | 12375138 |
| a gc-ms method for determination of amino acid uptake by plants. | in this study, we present a rapid, robust and sensitive method for quantification of plant amino acid uptake using universally (u) (13c, 15n)-labelled amino acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). amino acids were analysed as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl (tbdms) derivatives and displayed detection limits in the range 10-100 fmol on column, depending on the amino acid. the technique allows for simultaneous detection and quantification of both unlabelled and isotopically labelled ... | 2001 | 12060280 |
| neutral lipids and phospholipids in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) sapwood and heartwood. | variations in the concentration and composition of triacylglycerols, free fatty acids and phospholipids were analyzed in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees at five sites. disks were taken at breast height or at a height of 4 m from the stems of 81 trees differing in diameter and growth rate. the mean concentration of triacylglycerols in sapwood was 26 mg g(-1) dry mass; however, variation among trees was large (16-51 mg g(dm)(-1)). the concentration of triacylglycerols was slightly larger at ... | 2002 | 12069923 |
| the electrical impedance spectroscopy of scots pine needles during cold acclimation. | the electrical impedance spectroscopy (eis) was applied to current-year needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in an 8-year provenance field trial in central finland during frost hardening. the eis analysis of the needles using a model-a equivalent circuit indicated a sequence of events in the needles during their cold acclimation. some of the eis-parameters referred to maturation phenomena occurring during the pre-hardening phase at the end of the growing season, and some parameters displa ... | 2002 | 12081531 |
| the fungal sheath of ectomycorrhizal pine roots: an apoplastic barrier for the entry of calcium, magnesium, and potassium into the root cortex? | the apoplastic permeability of the fungal sheath of two different ectomycorrhizal associations of pinus sylvestris l. was analysed by laser microprobe mass analysis (lamma) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edxs) after stable isotope labelling with 25mg, 41k and 44ca. entry of 25mg and 44ca into the outer cortical apoplast of non-mycorrhizal roots was detected after 4 min of labelling. after a longer exposure time the endodermis with its casparian band acted as an efficient apoplastic di ... | 2002 | 12096105 |
| historical changes in lead concentrations in tree-rings of sycamore, oak and scots pine in north-west england. | lead concentrations in tree rings of sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus l.), oak (quercus robur l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) sampled at a parkland in north-west england were measured in wood formed since the mid-1800s. concentrations of pb in scots pine and oak peaked in wood formed between 1900 and 1940, most likely because of pb accumulation in heartwood, indicating that oak and scots pine are unsuitable for monitoring temporal changes in pb deposition at the study site. in contrast, pb ... | 2002 | 12109483 |
| [reproductive development of initial sporophytes in pinus sylvestris l]. | the reproductive development of pinus sylvestris from generative primordia to sporophyte initial (embryo tier of 16-celled proembryo) was studied. in the reproductive cycle, three types of stages are distinguished and described in association with: 1) hereditary program formation; 2) a new reproductive initial origin, and 3) increase in propogative energy. the layout of disposition of these stages in the reproductive cycle is given. | 2002 | 12053766 |
| partitioning of carbohydrates and biomass of needles in scots pine canopy. | the study was aimed at the quantitative evaluation of the temporal and spatial partitioning of non-structural carbohydrates and needle biomass in a canopy of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing in a myrtillus site type forest stand (predominant in estonia). the tree canopy was divided into ten equal layers and the material for the spatial partitioning of the investigated characteristics was sampled from all layers. our findings revealed a significant variation in morphology and in the parti ... | 2002 | 12064730 |
| seasonal responses of photosynthetic electron transport in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) studied by thermoluminescence. | the potential of photosynthesis to recover from winter stress was studied by following the thermoluminescence (tl) and chlorophyll fluorescence changes of winter pine needles during the exposure to room temperature (20 degrees c) and an irradiance of 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1). tl measurements of photosystem ii (psii) revealed that the s(2)q(b)(-) charge recombinations (the b-band) were shifted to lower temperatures in winter pine needles, while the s(2)q(a)(-) recombinations (the q-band) remained ... | 2002 | 12111228 |
| phytoremediation of subarctic soil contaminated with diesel fuel. | the effects of several plant species, native to northern latitudes, and different soil amendments, on diesel fuel removal from soil were studied. plant treatments included scots pine (pinus sylvestris), poplar (populus deltoides x wettsteinii), a grass mixture (red fescue, fesuca rubra; smooth meadowgrass, poa pratensis and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne) and a legume mixture (white clover, trifolium repens and pea, pisum sativum). soil amendments included npk fertiliser, a compost extract a ... | 2002 | 12118697 |
| impacts of seasonal air and soil temperatures on photosynthesis in scots pine trees. | seasonal courses of light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis (a360) and stomatal conductance (gs) were examined in detached 1-year-old needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) from early april to mid-november. to evaluate the effects of soil frost and low soil temperatures on gas exchange, the extent and duration of soil frost, as well as the onset of soil warming, were manipulated in the field. during spring, early summer and autumn, the patterns of a360 and gs in needles from the control ... | 2002 | 12184973 |
| [analysis of natural regeneration barriers of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on sandy land]. | by employing comparison analysis, and field experiment of watering and soil-covering before overwintering for seedlings, the barriers of natural regeneration for mongolian pine plantations on sandy soil were identified. the experimental area was divided into 3 parts according to the state of natural regeneration. crown closure, litter, understory coverage, and site condition were the factors which affect natural regeneration. water deficit, but not low temperature during overwintering, is the ke ... | 2002 | 12132148 |
| tree-ring analysis for the assessment of anthropogenic changes and trends. | investigation of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) annual radial increment (width of annual tree rings) was carried out in the surroundings of one of the largest pollution sources in lithuania - jonava nitrogen fertilizers plant. the main objective of investigation was to analyse different sides of anthropogenic transformations of tree-ring series in the polluted environment: changes in tree growth intensity: variance changes in tree-ring series: changes in the relations with natural external factors. ... | 2002 | 12139077 |
| ozone-induced free polyamine response in scots pine in northern finland. | the study aimed to assess the ozone-induced response in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles by measuring free polyamine concentrations. an open-top chamber experiment with realistically elevated ozone concentrations was carried out in northern finland. a carry-over effect was detected: the concentrations of free polyamines, especially putrescine, were decreased at the beginning of the next growing season in the ozone-exposed trees. this indicates that the free polyamine pathway was not acti ... | 2002 | 12166661 |
| regulation of amino acid uptake in conifers by exogenous and endogenous nitrogen. | although an accumulating amount of research clearly indicates that plants are capable of taking up exogenous amino acids, the actual importance of such organic n sources for plant n nutrition is under debate. in this study, we show that amino acid uptake by scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) is significantly decreased by elevated internal nh(4)(+) levels, while it increases following exposure to exogenous amino acids. furthermore, amino acid uptake is larger in n-deficient plants than in plants gr ... | 2002 | 12172847 |
| biosorption of chromium(vi) from aqueous solution by cone biomass of pinus sylvestris. | biosorption of chromium(vi) on to cone biomass of pinus sylvestris was studied with variation in the parameters of ph, initial metal ion concentration and agitation speed. the biosorption of cr(vi) was increased when ph of the solution was decreased from 7.0 to 1.0. the maximum chromium biosorption occurred at 150 rpm agitation. an increase in chromium/biomass ratio caused a decrease in the biosorption efficiency. the adsorption constants were found from the freundlich isotherm at 25 degrees c. ... | 2002 | 12227539 |
| canopy stomatal conductance and xylem sap abscisic acid (aba) in mature scots pine during a gradually imposed drought. | we investigated the effect of drought on canopy stomatal conductance (g(c)), and examined the hypothesis that g(c) is controlled by the chemical messenger abscisic acid (aba) produced in roots. beginning in november 1994, we subjected a mature stand of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) to an imposed 11-month drought. control plots were maintained at average-season soil water content. xylem sap was extracted from shoots at regular intervals from april to november 1995. soil water, sap flow and lea ... | 2002 | 12184977 |
| radial patterns of sap flow in woody stems of dominant and understory species: scaling errors associated with positioning of sensors. | we studied sap flow in dominant coniferous (pinus sylvestris l.) and broadleaf (populus canescens l.) species and in understory species (prunus serotina ehrh. and rhododendron ponticum l.) by the heat field deformation (hfd) method. we attempted to identify possible errors arising during flow integration and scaling from single-point measurements to whole trees. large systematic errors of -90 to 300% were found when it was assumed that sap flow was uniform over the sapwood depth. therefore, we r ... | 2002 | 12204847 |
| molecular responses to photooxidative stress in pinus sylvestris (l.) (ii. differential expression of cuzn-superoxide dismutases and glutathione reductase. | the influence of photooxidative stress on genes expressing superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione reductase (gor) was analyzed in needles of top and side shoots of 3-year-old pinus sylvestris (l.) seedlings. the study was carried out in the field during spring recovery. from mid-april the top shoots of seedlings protruded above the snow and thus were exposed to sunlight, whereas the side shoots were covered with snow until may 4. needles were sampled from top and side shoots on five differen ... | 1993 | 12232032 |
| effects of the indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) transport inhibitors n-1-naphthylphthalamic acid and morphactin on endogenous iaa dynamics in relation to compression wood formation in 1-year-old pinus sylvestris (l.) shoots. | both n-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa) and methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (cf) inhibit the polar transport of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and, therefore, are attractive tools for investigating iaa's role in the regulation of plant growth. ringing an intact conifer shoot with lanolin containing npa or cf induces the formation of compression wood above the ring. this induction has been attributed to a postulated accumulation of iaa above the application site of the iaa transpor ... | 1994 | 12232343 |
| programmed cell death eliminates all but one embryo in a polyembryonic plant seed. | development of multiple embryos from a single zygote, the phenomenon called monozygotic polyembryony, is a widespread reproductive strategy found in higher plants and especially in gymnosperms. the enigma of plant monozygotic polyembryony is that only one embryo in a polyembryonic seed usually survives while the others are eliminated at an early stage. here we report that programmed cell death (pcd) is the major mechanism responsible for elimination of subordinate embryos in a polyembryonic seed ... | 2002 | 12232793 |
| diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration under boreal conditions. | we investigated the impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), aged about 20 years, grown with a low nitrogen supply in closed chambers at (i) ambient temperature and [co2] (at+ac), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [co2] (at+ec), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [co2] (et+ac), and (iv). elevated temperature and [co2] (et+ec). each treatment was replicated four times. diameter growth was monitored wit ... | 2002 | 12359523 |
| differences in delta13c and diameter growth among remnant scots pine populations in scotland. | published data suggest that differences in wood cellulose carbon isotope composition (delta13c) and xylem ring width among natural populations of scots pine in scotland (pinus sylvestris l.) are attributable to the persistence of palaeotypes of various post-glacial migratory origins. we assessed differences in wood cellulose delta13c and ring width among scottish scots pine populations grown in a clone bank and in natural stands at various locations in northern and central scotland. ring width a ... | 2002 | 12359525 |
| leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers. | little information is available concerning the contamination risk caused by forest seedling nurseries to local surface and ground waters compared with agricultural and horticultural production. leaching of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) through peat growing medium in containers and nutrient uptake of seedlings were monitored in production of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst], and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. about half of the applied nutri ... | 2002 | 12469836 |
| [restoration of pine plantations after effect of ionizing radiation in the region of the accident at the chernobyl atomic energy station]. | the main results of the 12-year radiation-genetic monitoring of radiobiological, cytogenetic, and genetic parameters in the pinus sylvestris l. forest plantations from the zone of the accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant presented. acute ionizing irradiation at doses > 1 gy was shown to induce the formation of morphoses and depressed growth; at doses > 2 gy, the reproductive ability of the trees declined. the radiobiological parameters showed a linear (or close to linear) dose-effect re ... | 2002 | 12530162 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi and exogenous auxins influence root and mycorrhiza formation of scots pine hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. | we studied the ability of the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. (strain h), to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and to affect the formation and growth of roots on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. effects of indole-3-butyric acid (iba) and the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), on rooting and the cutting-fungus interaction were also studied. both fungi produced iaa ... | 2002 | 12464576 |
| impact of needle age on the response of respiration in scots pine to long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. | sixteen 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in the field were enclosed in environment-controlled chambers that for 4 years maintained: (1) ambient conditions (con); (2) elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [co2] (ambient + 350 micromol mol-1; ec); (3) elevated temperature (ambient + 2-3 degrees c; et); or (4) elevated [co2] and temperature (ec+et). dark respiration rate, specific leaf area (sla) and the concentrations of starch and soluble sugars in needles we ... | 2002 | 12464577 |
| two endophytic fungi in different tissues of scots pine buds (pinus sylvestris l.). | two fungal species were isolated with different frequencies from pine tissue cultures originating from buds. one species was detected in 33.1% of the cultures initiated in march, and another was present in 1.7% of cultures initiated in june. based on analyses of phylogenetic and physiological characteristics these fungi were identified as hormonema dematioides (isolated in march) and rhodotorula minuta (isolated in june). probes targeted towards the 18s rrna of h. dematioides and r. minuta were ... | 2003 | 12481234 |
| effects of exogenous gibberellin and auxin on shoot elongation and vegetative bud development in seedlings of pinus sylvestris and picea glauca. | the hormonal control of stem unit (foliar appendage and axillary structure, if present, plus subtending internode) number and length was investigated in shoots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and white spruce (picea glauca (moench) voss). seedlings were treated with six gibberellins (ga1, ga3, ga4, ga5, ga9 and ga20) and two auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa)) when either neoformed growth was occurring or the terminal vegetative bud was developing. hormones w ... | 2003 | 12533302 |
| biochemical acclimation patterns of betula pendula and pinus sylvestris seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. | acclimation of photosynthesis to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]; 350 to 2,000 micromol mol-1) was followed in silver birch (betula pendula roth.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings for two years. chlorophyll fluorescence and concentrations of rubisco, chlorophyll, total soluble protein and nitrogen were monitored together with steady-state gas exchange at three co2 concentrations (ambient [co2] (345 +/- 20 micromol mol-1), the growth [co2] and 1950 +/- 55 ... | 2003 | 12533303 |
| total vs. internal element concentrations in scots pine needles along a sulphur and metal pollution gradient. | analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrition and for monitoring the impacts of air pollutants on forest ecosystems. interpretations based on the results of foliar element analysis may, however, be different in nutrition vs. monitoring studies. we studied the impacts of severe sulphur and metal (mainly cu and ni) pollution on the element concentrations (al, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, ni, p, pb, s and zn) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) foliage along an airborn ... | 2003 | 12531316 |
| low nitrogen losses with a new source of nitrogen for cultivation of conifer seedlings. | losses of nitrogen (n) when cultivating plants may cause a number of adverse environmental effects. n losses from conifer nurseries, for instance, may have a considerable impact on the local environment, and studies indicate that the bulk of added n is not recovered in the cultivated plants. this study was conducted to obtain insight into the causes of the low recovery and to test an alternative n fertilizer. hence, growth of the economically important scots pine (pinus sylvestris (l).) seedling ... | 2002 | 12487309 |
| changes of morphogenic competence in mature pinus sylvestris l. buds in vitro. | the effects of season and cold storage on morphogenic competence in mature pinus sylvestris buds were investigated. peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity were measured as markers of oxidative metabolism. no growth in vitro was observed on explants detached from the end of january until the beginning of march. brachioblasts, each with a couple of needles, formed on 11% of the buds without macrostrobili that were detached in early april and introduced immediately into culture. of the explants ... | 2002 | 12197528 |
| relations between scots pine needle element concentrations and decreased needle longevity along pollution gradients. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots were sampled along transects near one urban pollution source and two smelters. needle mg, p and k concentrations decreased from the second to the fourth age class linearly with needle survival along the urban pollution gradient. still, over 80% of the average concentration of these nutrients remained in the fourth needle age class. decreased needle longevity was closely related to the increased heavy metal concentrations near the smelters. near the urban p ... | 2003 | 12535600 |
| bioindication of the anthropogenic effects on micropopulations of pinus sylvestris, l. in the vicinity of a plant for the storage and processing of radioactive waste and in the chernobyl npp zone. | results of a comparative analysis of the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies are presented for reproductive (seeds) and vegetative (needles) samples taken from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris, l.) micropopulations growing at sites with differing levels of radioactive contamination in the chernobyl npp 30 km zone, and at the location of a facility for the processing and storage of radioactive wastes (the 'radon' lwpe, near the town of sosnovy bor in the leningrad region). the data obtai ... | 2003 | 12590076 |