| effect of humic substances on cu(ii) solubility in kaolin-sand soil. | the type and amount of organic matter present in industrially contaminated soils will influence the risk they pose. previous studies have shown the importance of humic and fulvic acids (fas) (important components of soil organic matter) in increasing the solubility of toxic metals but were not carried out using toxic metal levels and the ph range typical of industrially contaminated soils. this study investigated the influence of three humic substances (hss: humates, fulvates and humins) on the ... | 2002 | 12220826 |
| capacity of edible seaweeds to modify in vitro starch digestibility of wheat bread. | the capacity of two species of edible seaweeds (wakame, undaria pinnatifida and chondrus, chondrus crispus) to modify the rate of white bread starch digestibility by an in vitro digestion system, as well as glucose retardation index and apparent viscosity were studied. both algae showed different effect on glucose retardation index. while wakame did not make difficult dialysis of glucose, it only retained 2.50 +/- 2.99% to respect a negative control. chondrus impaired the diffusion of a 28.70 +/ ... | 2002 | 11890047 |
| preferential photosynthetic uptake of exogenous hco(3) in the marine macroalga chondrus crispus. | the rate of hco(3) (-) uptake by the red macroalga chondrus crispus has been investigated. unbalanced concentrations of free co(2) and hco(3) (-), generated by the photosynthetic activity, were detected in steady state conditions by using an exchange column apparatus linked to an assimilation chamber. observing the variations of this gradient as influenced by the time of seawater transit from the assimilation chamber towards the column allowed an experimental determination of: (a) the actual gra ... | 1986 | 16664721 |
| uag is a sense codon in several chlorophycean mitochondria. | the mitochondrial genetic code of those land plants and green algae that have been examined does not deviate from the universal one. a red alga, chondrus crispus, is the sole reported example throughout the algae that uses a deviant (non-universal) mitochondrial genetic code (uga=trp). we have analyzed 366-bp dna sequences of the gene for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coxi) from ten chlorophyceaen algae, and detected 3-8 in-frame uag codons in the sequences of five species. compari ... | 1996 | 8662206 |
| genes for two subunits of succinate dehydrogenase form a cluster on the mitochondrial genome of rhodophyta. | mitochondrial dna from the unicellular rhodophyte cyanidium caldarium rk-1 and the multicellular chondrus crispus were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. two genes, sdhb and sdhc, that encode subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase, were identified by similarity. these genes form a cluster (sdhcb) in both red algae. | 1996 | 8821668 |
| dna sequence, structure, and phylogenetic relationship of the mitochondrial small-subunit rrna from the red alga chondrus crispus (gigartinales rhodophytes). | the entire nucleotide sequence containing the small-subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rrna) from the mitochondrial genome of chondrus crispus was determined. to our knowledge, this is the first sequence of a mitochondrial 16s-like rrna from a red alga. the length of this gene is 1,376 nucleotides. its secondary structure was constructed and compared with other known secondary structures from eubacteria and from mitochondria of land plants, green and brown algae, and fungi. phylogenetic trees were ... | 1995 | 7666449 |
| carrageenans in the gametophytic and sporophytic stages of chondrus crispus. | the morphologically similar sporophytic and gametophytic plants of chondrus crispus stackhouse were examined and it was shown that the former contain λ-carrageenan. the gametophytes contain ϰ- and two additional carrageenans which are kcl-soluble and may comprise up to 25% of the total carrageenan. after alkaline modification, these kcl-soluble components were separated into a gel and a soluble carrageenan. the gel was indistinguishable from ϰ-carrageenan and presumably was derived from μ-carrag ... | 1973 | 24468729 |
| purification and characterization of hexose oxidase from the red alga chondrus crispus. | | 1973 | 4708670 |
| plasmalemmal extensions in chondrus crispus (l.) stackh. | | 1971 | 4329670 |
| the incorporation of s-labeled sulfate into carrageenan in chondrus crispus. | | 1971 | 16657801 |
| sterols in irish moss (chondrus crispus). | | 1966 | 5968606 |
| complete sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the rhodophyte chondrus crispus (gigartinales). gene content and genome organization. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the circular mitochondrial (mt) dna from the red alga chondrus crispus was determined (25,836 nucleotides, a+t content 72.1%). fifty one genes were identified. they include genes encoding three subunits of the cytochrome oxidase (cox1 to 3), apocytochrome b (cob), seven subunits of the nadh dehydrogenase complex (nad1 to 6, nad4l), two atpase subunits (atp6 and atp9), three ribosomal rnas (rrn5, srn and lrn), 23 trnas and four ribosomal proteins (rps3, rps11, ... | 1995 | 7616569 |
| structural features and phylogeny of the actin gene of chondrus crispus (gigartinales, rhodophyta). | we have characterized the cdna and genomic sequences that encode actin from the multicellular red alga chondrus crispus. southern-blot analysis indicates that the c. crispus actin gene (chac) is present as a single copy. northern analysis shows that, like the gapa gene, the actin gene is well expressed in gametophytes but weakly in protoplasts. compared to actin genes of animals, fungi, green plants and oomycetes, that of c. crispus displays a higher evolutionary rate and does not show any of th ... | 1995 | 8590468 |
| the marine red alga chondrus crispus has a highly divergent beta-tubulin gene with a characteristic 5' intron: functional and evolutionary implications. | we characterized a nuclear gene and its corresponding cdna encoding beta-tubulin (gene tubb1) of the marine red alga chondrus crispus. the deduced tubb1 protein is the most divergent beta-tubulin so far reported with only 64 to 69% amino acid identity relative to other beta-tubulins from higher and lower eukaryotes. our analysis reveals that tubb1 has an accelerated evolutionary rate probably due to a release of functional constraints in connexion with a specialization of microtubular structures ... | 1995 | 7599316 |
| 2-keto-d-gluconic acid in the polysaccharide of irish moss. | | 1946 | 21064272 |
| a method of measuring the stabilizing power of extracts of irish moss. | | 1946 | 21015724 |
| the effect of solvent and temperature on the viscosity of the polysaccharide or irish moss and the effect of solvent on its initial gelation. | | 1946 | 21015723 |
| seasonal variations in chondrus crispus. | | 1936 | 16746163 |
| a note on the nitrogen of the polysaccharide complex from chondrus crispus. | | 1935 | 16745757 |
| some properties of the polysaccharide complex extracted from a marine alga, chondrus crispus. | | 1934 | 16745459 |
| on carrageen (chondrus crispus): the hydrolysis of carrageen mucilage. | | 1929 | 16744227 |
| on carrageen (chondrus crispus). iii: the constitution of the cell wall. | | 1922 | 16743120 |
| on carrageen (chondrus crispus). ii: on the occurrence of ethereal sulphates in the plant. | | 1921 | 16743011 |
| physical map and gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of chondrus crispus (rhodophyta, gigartinales). | organellar dna, i.e. a mixture of plastid and mitochondrial dnas, was purified from the rhodophyte chondrus crispus and analysed with restriction endonucleases. mitochondrial dna fragments were identified by heterologous hybridization, cloned, mapped and partially sequenced. the mitochondrial genome of c. crispus consists of a 25.9 kb circular molecule on which twenty genes were localized. compared with other plant mitochondrial genomes, c. crispus mitochondrial dna appears as a relatively small ... | 1994 | 7948923 |
| nucleotide sequence of the cox3 gene from chondrus crispus: evidence that uga encodes tryptophan and evolutionary implications. | we present the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding subunit 3 of cytochrome c oxidase in chondrus crispus, the first report on a mitochondrial gene from a red alga. amino acid alignment with homologous proteins shows that tryptophan is specified by uga, as in the mitochondrial code of most organisms other than green plants. however, phylogenetic analyses of cox3 amino acid and nucleotide sequences indicate that c. crispus cox3 is related to the green-plant mitochondrial lineage. no rna editi ... | 1994 | 8190631 |
| crystal structure of oxidized flavodoxin from a red alga chondrus crispus refined at 1.8 a resolution. description of the flavin mononucleotide binding site. | in order to describe the detailed conformation of the oxidized flavodoxin from a eukaryotic red alga, chondrus crispus, the crystal structure has been refined by a restrained least-squares method. the crystallographic r factor is 0.168 for 13,899 reflections with f greater than 2 sigma f between 6.0 and 1.8 a resolution. the refined model includes 173 amino acid residues, flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and 110 water molecules. the root-mean-square deviation in bond lengths from ideal values is 0.01 ... | 1992 | 1602481 |
| protoplast production in chondrus crispus gametophytes (gigartinales, rhodophyta). | protoplasts were isolated from female gametophytes of chondrus crispus (stackh.) using commercial cellulase and various carrageenases prepared from marine bacteria. depending on the nature of the donor tissue (apices or whole thallus, wild or cultivated strains), yields ranged from 1.0-8.5×10(8) protoplasts per gram of fresh tissue. preincubating the tissue with a potassium chelator, kryptofix 222, enhanced protoplast yields by 30-50 %. based on staining with fluorescein diacetate most protoplas ... | 1990 | 24232676 |
| distribution of carbonic anhydrase in british marine macroalgae. | thirty-four species of marine macroalgae from around st. andrews, scotland, have been assayed for their external activity and thirty-three species for their total activity of carbonic anhydrase. activity was detected in all the rhodophyta tested apart from chondrus crispus, but was absent in codium fragile, enteromorpha sp. and monostroma fuscum (chlorophyta), and alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata, l. saccharina and l. hyperborea (phaeophyta). total activity of carbonic anhydrase per unit fre ... | 1989 | 28312650 |
| the amino acid sequence of a flavodoxin from the eukaryotic red alga chondrus crispus. | the amino acid sequence of the constitutive flavodoxin from the red alga chondrus crispus was determined from the analyses of peptide fragments derived by enzymic digestions of the carboxymethylated protein. this is the first sequence reported for a flavodoxin from a eukaryote. the protein is composed of 173 amino acid residues and is a member of the longer-chain group of flavodoxins. the extent of sequence homology to the three other flavodoxins in the group for which sequences are available is ... | 1989 | 2597140 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of oxidized flavodoxin from chondrus crispus, a red alga. | crystals of the oxidized form of flavodoxin from a red alga, chondrus crispus, have been grown in ammonium sulfate solution by the dialysis method. the crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions of a = 63.6, b = 48.8, and c = 56.8 a. the asymmetric unit contains one molecule of flavodoxin. the crystals diffract x-rays to about 2.0 a resolution and are stable to x-ray beams. the diffraction patterns changed significantly upon soaking the cryst ... | 1989 | 2732209 |
| mechanism of photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake by the red macroalga, chondrus crispus. | the aim of this study was to determine how chondrus crispus, a marine red macroalga, acquires the inorganic carbon (c(i)) it utilizes for photosynthetic carbon fixation. analyses of c(i) uptake were done using silicone oil centrifugation (using multicellular fragments of thallus), infrared gas analysis, and gas chromatography. inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (ca), the band 3 anion exchange protein and na(+)/k(+) exchange were used in the study. it was found that: (a) c. crispus does not accumul ... | 1989 | 16666552 |
| carbonic anhydrase-dependent inorganic carbon uptake by the red macroalga, chondrus crispus. | the rate of photosynthetic carbon uptake of chondrus crispus stack-house plants, at various co(2) concentrations and pretreated with carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors, was determined using an air-suspension, differential infra-red gas analyzer technique. it was found that the ca inhibitors, acetazolamide, dextran-bound acetazolamide (dbi, which does not permeate cell membranes), and subtilisin (a protease that attacks the cell surface) inhibit photosynthetic carbon uptake in c. crispus. inhibit ... | 1987 | 16665329 |
| on the nature of the oxygen uptake in the light by chondrus crispus. effects of inhibitors, temperature and light intensity. | the nature of the different processes of o2 uptake involved in the light in the red macroalga chondrus crispus stackhouse (rhodophyta, gigartinales) was investigated. at limiting co2, inh (2.5 mm) did not alter the o2 uptake rate. glycolate was not excreted and did not accumulate within the cells. kcn reduced the rate of o2 uptake in the light by 76% at limiting co2 and by 43% at saturating co2, but caused > 95% inhibition of o2 evolution. dcmu (5 μm) totally blocked the photosynthetic electron ... | 1987 | 24435462 |
| [a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth from a seaweed, chondrus crispus]. | | 1986 | 3467264 |
| dark respiration in the marine macroalga chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae). | dark respiration in the red macroalga chondrus crispus was studied under a variety of conditions. the components of respiration were examined using selective inhibitors in order to characterise pathways of respiration and examine regulation of respiration in marine macroalgae.in comparison to respiration rates generally reported for higher-plant leaves and roots, the steady-state rate of o2 consumption by this alga, after 30 min dark pretreatment, was found to be quite low (three- to sixfold low ... | 1986 | 24232031 |
| sulfohydrolase activity and carrageenan biosynthesis in chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae). | an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of mu- to kappa-carrageenan has been demonstrated in both haploid and diploid plants of chondrus crispus. it acts at the polymer level producing 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose with the stoichiometric release of sulfate. two-thirds of the recoverable enzyme was associated with the 15,000g pellet most of which could be solubilized by passage through a ribi cell fractionator. the enzyme precipitated between 2.65 and 4.24 m (nh(4))(2)so(4) and was partly purified on deae ... | 1978 | 16660358 |
| continuous measurements of the free dissolved co(2) concentration during photosynthesis of marine plants: evidence for hco(3) use in chondrus crispus. | an experimental system consisting of a gas exchange column linked to an assimilation chamber has been developed to record continuously the free dissolved co(2) concentration in seawater containing marine plants. from experiments performed on the red macroalga chondrus crispus (rhodophyta, gigartinales), this measurement is in agreement with the free co(2) concentration calculated from the resistance to co(2) exchanges in a biphasic system (gas and liquid) as earlier reported. the response time o ... | 1985 | 16664281 |
| oxygen uptake and photosynthesis of the red macroalga, chondrus crispus, in seawater: effects of oxygen concentration. | with an experimental system developed for aquatic plants using the mass spectrometry technique and infrared gas analysis of co(2), we studied the responses to various o(2) concentrations of gas exchanges with the red macroalga chondrus crispus s. the results were as follows. (a) irrespective of the co(2) concentration, net photosynthesis was o(2) sensitive with a 45 to 70% stimulation at 2% o(2). even with high co(2), a significant warburg effect was detected. (b) although photosynthesis was co( ... | 1985 | 16664280 |
| oxygen uptake and photosynthesis of the red macroalga, chondrus crispus, in seawater: effects of light and co(2) concentration. | with an experimental system using mass spectrometry techniques and infra-red gas analysis of co(2) developed for aquatic plants, we studied the responses to various light intensities and co(2) concentrations of photosynthesis and o(2) uptake of the red macroalga chondrus crispus s. the co(2) exchange resistance at air-water interface which could limit the photosynthesis was experimentally measured. it allowed the calculation of the free dissolved co(2) concentration. the response to light showed ... | 1984 | 16663760 |
| components of predation intensity in the low zone of the new england rocky intertidal region. | predation intensity often increases along local gradients of decreasing environmental rigor. assuming factors such as productivity and heterogeneity do not change along such gradients, potential factors responsible for this pattern include: (1) increased effectiveness per individual predator, (2) increased numbers of individual predators, (3) increased numbers of predator species of the same general morphological attributes, and (4) increased numbers of predator species of different general morp ... | 1983 | 28310571 |
| the occurrence and seasonal variation of gigartinine and l-citrullinyl-l-arginine in chondrus crispus stackh. | gigartinine, 5-(3-amidinoureido)-2-aminovaleric acid, and l-citrullinyl-l-arginine were islated from aqueous extracts of chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae). their identifications were confirmed by chemical procedures, and 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic methods. citrullinylarginine, gigartinine, taurine, citrulline, and glutamic acid were the predominant free amino compounds. citrullinylarginine showed the most pronounced change in concentration. this occurred durin ... | 1977 | 837242 |
| h(2) metabolism in photosynthetic organisms: i. dark h(2) evolution and uptake by algae and mosses. | dark h(2) metabolism was studied in marine and fresh water red algae, the green alga, chlamydomonas, and mosses. a time variable and temperature-sensitive anaerobic incubation was required prior to h(2) evolution. h(2) evolution was sensitive to disalicylidenepropanediamine. an immediate h(2) uptake was observed in these algae. immediate dark h(2) uptake but no evolution was observed in the mosses.a cell-free hydrogenase preparation was obtained from anaerobically adapted chlamydomonas reinhardi ... | 1975 | 16659260 |
| incorporation of [s]sulfate and [c]bicarbonate into karyotype-specific polysaccharides of chondrus crispus. | gametophytic and sporophytic tissues of chondrus crispus (stackhouse) cultured in vitro were labeled with (35)s and (14)c. the major sulfated polysccharides isolated from the two karyotypes were characterized by kci fractionation, immunoprecipitation, and infrared spectroscopy. reproducibility of data has been demonstrated by an experiment using gametophytic t(4) strain with five replicates per time point. the rate of sulfate uptake was similar in haploid and diploid plants from a given area cul ... | 1979 | 16661014 |
| quantitative x-ray microanalysis of halogen elements in biological specimens. | standards were prepared for quantitative x-ray microanalysis of the halogen elements cl, br and i in sections of resin embedded biological specimens. halogenated aromatic compounds were dissolved in resin, which subsequently was polymerized. homogeneity and stability of the standards were determined and found to be satisfactory. a general procedure of calculation of elemental concentrations according to the continuum method is given for the case that the specimen contains appreciable concentrati ... | 1979 | 521320 |
| amino acids, peptides, and proteins of irish moss, chondrus crispus. | | 1958 | 13563510 |
| effect of processing and storage on the quality of gelose from irish moss (chondrus crispus). | | 1948 | 18916788 |
| 2-keto-d-gluconic acid in the polysaccharide of irish moss. | | 1946 | 20989466 |