| possible involvement of bacterial autolytic enzymes in flagellar morphogenesis. | autolytic enzymes were found to be required for flagellar morphogenesis in bacillus subtilis 168 and bacillus licheniformis 6346. two previously characterized, poorly lytic, chain-forming mutants of b. subtilis 168, strains fj3 (temperature conditional) and fj6, each 90 to 95% deficient in the production of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase and endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, were observed to be nonmotile at 35 degrees c in a variety of liquid and semisolid meida. in contrast, cells of the is ... | 1979 | 33966 |
| effect of ph on sporicidal and microbicidal activity of buffered mixtures of alcohol and sodium hypochlorite. | the effect of ph on the activity of buffered sodium hypochlorite solution, and a buffered methanol/sodium hypochlorite mixture, against bacillus subtilis spores was investigated. the best results, considering both sporicidal activity and stability, were achieved in the ph range 7.6--8.1. the sporicidal activity and stability of five alcohol/hypochlorite mixtures, each containing a different alcohol and buffered to ph 7.6 and of hypochlorite alone buffered to ph 7.6, were compared. the mixtures w ... | 1979 | 35554 |
| characterization of glutamate transport system in hydrophobic protein (h protein) of bacillus subtilis. | hydrophobic protein (h protein) was isolated from membrane fractions of bacillus subtilis and constituted into artificial membrane vesicles with lipid of b. substilis. glutamate was accumulated into the vesicle when a na+ gradient across the membrane was imposed. the maximum effect of na+ on the transport was achieved at a concentration of about 40 mm, while the apparent km for na+ was approximately 8 mm. on the other hand, km for glutamate in the presence of 50 mm na+ was about 8 micro m. incre ... | 1979 | 36145 |
| properties of beta-glucan synthetase from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | properties of beta-glucan synthetase from s. cerevisiae were studied. the enzyme exhibited optimal activity at ph 6.7 and 24 c. km for udp-glucose was 0.12 mm. addition of mg++ or mn++ stimulated its activity by 60% and 21% respectively. high concentrations of edta and hydroxyquinoline were inhibitory. glucan synthetase was fully active in cell-free extracts. small concentrations of trypsin or subtilopeptidase a from bacillus subtilis, caused only a slight increase in glucosyl transferase activi ... | 1978 | 36834 |
| thermosensitive, extracellular neutral proteases in bacillus subtilis: isolation, characterization, and genetics. | two mutants (nt02 and nt17), each producing a thermosensitive neutral protease, were isolated from bacillus subtilis np58, a transformant which acquired the property of hyperproduction of neutral protease from bacillus natto iam 1212. the neutral proteases produced by these two mutants were partially purified and enzymologically characterized. the two mutant neutral proteases displayed increased thermosensitivity as well as altered ph optima compared with those of the np58 enzyme. in addition, t ... | 1979 | 37241 |
| presumptive identification of aminoglycoside antibiotics by the ph susceptibility disc agar-diffusion method. | using the ph (buffered) sensitivity discs for the agar-diffusion bioassay of aminoglycoside antibiotics, characteristic response curves were obtained. since the nature of the activities observed are structure-related, this method can serve as a useful aid for primary identification of members of this class of antibiotics. | 1979 | 38987 |
| glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities during growth and sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | glutamine synthetase in bacillus subtilis 168 was repressed to a greater extent by l-glutamine or l-arginine than by ammonia when each was used as sole nitrogen source. it was derepressed when either l-glutamate or nitrate was used as nitrogen source. glutamate synthase was repressed by l-glutamate or l-arginine and, to a lesser extent, by l-glutamine but was derepressed during growth with ammonia or nitrate. glutamine synthetase activity was unaltered during the onset of sporulation. glutamate ... | 1979 | 39113 |
| properties of bacillus subtilis atp-dependent deoxyribonuclease. | a purification procedure described previously resulting in electrophoretically pure bacillus subtilis atp-dependent dnase has now been modified by adding a fractionation stage with polymin p to permit large-scale isolation of the enzyme. it has been found that the enzyme molecule (mr = 300000) consists of two large subunits with mr 155000 and 140000. the purified enzyme has three activities: (1) dnase on linear single-stranded and double-stranded dnas (2) dna-unwinding and (3) atpase. circular d ... | 1979 | 39753 |
| dna-damaging and mutagenic effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on bacillus subtilis repair-deficient mutants. | mutagenic, dna-damaging, and in vivo alteration of dna have been demonstrated for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh), a potent inducer of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine and colon of rats. these activities are ph-dependent, with 6.5 giving optimum response. there was no requirement for metabolic activation with rat-liver s9 mix when the appropriate bacillus subtilis mutant strains were used. the rec- strains reca8 and mc-1 were greater than 300-fold more sensitive to the dna-damaging activity of ... | 1979 | 40124 |
| competence for genetic transformation in pneumococcus depends on synthesis of a small set of proteins. | in bacterial genetic transformation the uptake of dna and its integration into the resident chromosome is dependent on a special cellular state, termed competence. in those species where appearance of competence has been studied, specific (but often poorly defined) growth conditions lead to a simultaneous development of competence in a substantial fraction of the cells in a culture. in bacillus subtilis, and in haemophilus species, competence appears in the stationary phase of growth or in certa ... | 1979 | 40135 |
| characterization of the bacillus subtilis motile system driven by an artificially created proton motive force. | transient swimming was induced in energy-depleted cells of bacillus subtilis by an artificial proton motive force, which was created by valinomycin addition and a ph reduction. this system did not require any ions except protons in the medium. the size of the induced motility was strongly influenced by changes in the size of either the k+ diffusion potential or the ph gradient. a rough estimation indicated that a proton motive force higher than -100 mv was required for induction of translational ... | 1979 | 40954 |
| purification and characterization of an endonuclease specific for single-stranded dna from bacillus subtilis marburg. | bacillus subtilis marburg ti (thy,trpc2) has at least four endonuclease activities as assayed by measuring the conversion of single-stranded circular f1 dna to the linear form by agarose gel electrophoresis. one of them, which is specific for single-stranded dna (named endonuclease mii), was purified about 320 times by two chromatographic steps and gel filtration, thereby eliminating exonuclease and phosphomonoesterase activities. this activity requires divalent cations but does not require atp. ... | 1979 | 41835 |
| [discrete nature of the frequency of recombinations in bacterial transformation systems]. | | 1979 | 42234 |
| characterization of the autolytic enzymes of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens and isolated walls of this organism autolysed rapidly when incubated in buffer at ph 7.0 with the release of free-reducing groups but no n-terminal amino acids. the predominant autolytic enzyme was an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, and an endo-beta-n-acetylmuramidase was also present. the autolytic enzymes could be solubilized by extraction of the organisms with 5 m-licl and would then subsequently bind to and rapidly lyse walls of micrococcus luteus and, more slowly, ... | 1979 | 44314 |
| observations on biphasic bronchial reactions due to inhalation of enzymes of bacillus subtilis. | the effect of disodium cromoglycate, thiazinamium and prednisone on immediate and late type allergic bronchial reactions was studied in four patients with biphasic bronchial obstruction due to inhalation of bacillus subtilis enzymes. the immediate reaction (type 1 allergy) was not influenced by any of these drugs. disodium cromoglycate seemed to ameliorate the late reaction, which was very much depressed by prednisone. thiazinamium, an antihistamine drug, did not alter the immediate nor the late ... | 1975 | 45483 |
| relation between cell wall turnover and cell growth in bacillus subtilis. | the kinetics of cell wall turnover in bacillus subtilis have been examined in detail. after pulse labeling of the peptidoglycan with n-acetylglucosamine, the newly formed peptidoglycan is stable for approximately three-quarters of a generation and is then degraded by a process that follows first-order kinetics. deprivation of an auxotroph of amino acids required for protein synthesis results in a cessation of turnover. if a period of amino acid starvation occurs during the lag phase of turnover, ... | 1977 | 45485 |
| bacteriophage spp1 polypeptides synthesized in infected minicells and in vitro. | minicells produced by b. subtilis cu403divivb1 and infected by spp1 synthesize at least 46 polypeptides which can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these polypeptides represent the expression of 86% of the spp1 genome's coding capacity. infection of minicells by sus mutants and deletion mutants of spp1 has permitted a correlation of genetic location with gene product and has shown that spp1 normally synthesizes at least 8 non-essential polypeptides. restriction fragments of spp ... | 1979 | 45610 |
| on the role of dihydrostreptomycin in streptomycin biosynthesis. | | 1975 | 45912 |
| receptor site assay of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. | | 1975 | 47857 |
| preventive effect of hapten-reactive thymus-derived helper lymphocytes on the tolerance induction in hapten-specific precursors of antibody-forming cells. | the role(s) of helper t lymphocytes in preventing or altering tolerance induction in dnp-specific b lymphocytes was studied. as dnp-reactive helper t cells were reactive against the dnp-portion of the dnp-d-gl molecule, we could probe definitively the physiological role of helper t cells in preventing tolerance induction in b lymphocytes by dnp-d-gl. the results demonstrated that the induction of dnp-specific b cell tolerance by dnp-d-gl can be completely prevented by the presence of dnp-reactiv ... | 1975 | 47879 |
| induction of anti-hapten antibody response by hapten-isologous carrier conjugate. ii. specificity of hapten-reactive helper t cells. | | 1975 | 49225 |
| active transport of manganese in isolated membrane vesicles of bacillus subtilis. | membrane vesicles isolated from cells of bacillus subtilis w23 accumulate manganese in the presence of an energy source. the artificial electron donor system ascorbate and phenazine methosulfate or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phenazine methosulfate can supply the energy for the uptake. d-lactate in the presence or absence of phenazine methosulfate would not support manganese accumulation. anaerobiosis, cyanide, m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrozone, valinomycin, gramicidin, ... | 1975 | 49350 |
| stimulation of bleomycin-induced fragmentation of dna by intercalating agents. | | 1975 | 50065 |
| immunological study of anthranilate synthetase. | an immunological study of anthranilate synthetase (asase) has been initiated using quantitative precipitation, enzyme neutralization, and immunodiffusion methods. cross-reactivity of anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (asase-prtase) from escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and salmonella typhimurium and asase from serratia marcescens and pseudomonas putida was detected with antibodies to ?e. coli trypsin-treated asase. cross-reactivit ... | 1975 | 50316 |
| proceedings: the molecular mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics: the solution of an apparent paradox. | | 1975 | 50801 |
| proceedings: intercellular persistence of bacillus subtilis transforming dna in phaseolus aureus plants. | | 1975 | 50806 |
| [evaluation of cytochemical methods of studying the localization of alkaline phosphatase in b. subtilis]. | a study was made of a possibility of using the "lead" and the "calcium" methods for the determination of localization of alkaline phosphatase in the bacterial cells. cytochemical medium containing lead nitrate could not be used for determination of the true localization of the alkaline phosphatase in the microorganisms. | 1975 | 52378 |
| specificity of the antiviral agent calcium elenolate. | calcium elenolate, an antiviral agent which inhibits reverse transcriptases, inhibits the growth of chicken embryo fibroblast cells, as well as echerichia coli and bacillus subtilis strains. the drug in vitro inhibits e. coli deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase ii and dna polymerase iii holoenzyme, as well as several unrelated enzymes. the usual dna polymerase assay components, with the exception of spermidine, have no effect on the observed inhibition. inhibition of dna polymerase ii by the ... | 1975 | 53031 |
| increased dna chain breakage by combined action of bleomycin and superoxide radical. | | 1975 | 53051 |
| proceedings: on the mode of transfer of parental dna to progeny during a lytic infection of bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage 2c. | | 1975 | 54086 |
| metabolic products of microorganisms. 155. modes of action of rinamycin and derinamycin. | rinamycin interfered with dna-polymerase i of escherichia coli in cell-free systems more effectively than actinomycin c. its inhibitory action could be relieved by increasing the concentration of polymerase. the rinamycin concentrations that caused effective inhibition of the rna-polymerase reaction in vitro were approximately 10 times higher than those required to inhibit the dna-polymerase reaction in vitro. | 1976 | 56926 |
| production, isolation, and properties of azetomycins. | streptomyces antibioticus synthesizes five actinomycins that differ in the "proline site" of the molecule. when cultured in the presence of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (azc), antibiotic synthesis was stimulated 40 to 50%, synthesis of actinomycin iv was inhibited, and one or both prolines were replaced by azc. azc incorporation could not be reversed by concomitant supplementation with proline or sarcosine, and only pipecolic acid affected a minor reversal of azc incorporation. azc-containing act ... | 1976 | 57738 |
| bacillus subtilis rna polymerase and its modification in sporulating and phage-infected bacteria. | bacillus subtilis rna polymerase holoenzyme consists of the subunits beta', beta, sigma, alpha, delta, and omega. in sporulating bacteria and in bacteria infected with phages sp01 and sp82, this enzyme undergoes changes in subunit composition and transcriptional specificity that could play a regulatory role in gene transcription. sporulating bacteria may contain a specific component that inhibits the activity of the sigma subunit of polymerase probably by interfering with the binding of sigma-p ... | 1976 | 58549 |
| dna polymerases of eukaryotes. | | 1975 | 58795 |
| new temperate bacteriophage for bacillus subtilis, rho 11. | a new temperate bacteriophage, rho11, isolated by j. hoch, has been characterized. this new phage is very similar to the temperate phage phi3t in size (380 nm), host range, homoimmunity, dna buoyant density (1.694 g/ml), antigenicity, and molecular weight (around 6.0 x 10(7)) as determined in gels. like phi3t, rho11 converts thymine auxotrophs to prototrophy at high frequency (250 out of 250 tested). phage rho11 differs from phi3t in plaque morphology and in the endonuclease r-ecori digest patte ... | 1976 | 62060 |
| discontinuous synthesis of viral dna in vivo [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 65999 |
| bleomycin serum pharmacokinetics as determined by a radioimmunoassay and a microbiologic assay in a patient with compromised renal function. | serum and plasma bleomycin concentrations were determined in a patient with renal dysfunction at two creatinine clearances. the results obtained with a new radioimmunoassay and the microbiologic assay were compared. it was shown: 1) that the clearance of bleomycin from the blood is markedly retarded in severe renal dysfunction, 2) that clearance of bleomycin varies with creatinine clearance, 3) that bleomycin is probably not dialyzable, 4) that determinations on serum and plasma were equivalent, ... | 1977 | 66973 |
| novel actinomycins formed by biosynthetic incorporation of cis- and trans-4-methylproline. | streptomyces parvulus (streptomyces parvullus) normally produces actinomycin d; in the presence of cis-4-methylproline, this species synthesizes two additional actinomycins, designated k(1c) and k(2c), in which one and two proline sites, respectively, are occupied by cis-4-methylproline. analogously, actinomycins k(1t) and k(2t) are formed in the presence of trans-4-methylproline. both mixtures were separated chromatographically, and the four novel actinomycins were obtained in crystalline form. ... | 1977 | 69418 |
| [conduct of bacillus subtilis transformation in mice under conditions of immunologic suppression of exogenous dnaase 1 activity]. | bacillus subtilis transformation was conducted in the abdominal cavity of mice. the frequency of transformation was considerable decreased when bovine dna-ase 1 (3-- 5microgram) was injected intraperitoneally to these animals. immune rabbit gamma-globulins containing antibodies to bovine dna-ase 1 inhibited in vivo the activity of dna-ase 1, protected transforming dna from the hydrolyzing effect of this enzyme. this model can be utilized in search for ways to preserve dna injected into the anima ... | 1977 | 70246 |
| antibody to the d-alanine carboxypeptidase of bacillus subtilis does not cross-react with other penicillin-binding proteins. | the fact that antibody to d-alanine carboxypeptidase of bacillus subtilis does not cross-react with other penicillin-binding proteins suggests that these proteins are not precursors or multimers of the enzyme. | 1977 | 70424 |
| use of electron microscopy for soil microbiology capabilities and limitations. | soil dilutions were studied by different techniques: they were retained on cellulose filters and observed either directly by scanning electron microscopy or after inclusion and ultra-thin sectioning by transmission electron microscopy. morphology and locomotor organs of bacteria were observed after negative staining. they were plated on various culture media in order to isolate and identify most of the nonexacting microorganisms. results are compared and the use of electron microscopy in soil st ... | 1977 | 74922 |
| tissue distribution and residues of benzylpenicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics in emergency-slaughtered ruminants. | | 1978 | 75582 |
| improved microbiological assay procedures for dihydrostreptomycin residues in milk and dairy products. | because dihydrostreptomycin can remain as a slowly removed antibiotic residue in dairy animals and because of the need for more sensitive procedures with which to provide information concerning antibiotic residues in food products, procedures were developed in more sensitive assays of dihydrostreptomycin in milk and some representative dairy products. the cleanup procedures that aided these improvements were (i) precipitation of milk proteins by acidification and (ii) centrifugation to extract c ... | 1978 | 76460 |
| the response of cell walls of bacillus subtilis to metals and to electron-microscopic stains. | purified cell walls of bacillus subtilis were subjected to solutions of 40 independent metals and the metal uptake, the electron-scattering power of thin sections, and the type of staining response evaluated. this was repeated for six typical electron-microscopic stains (uranyl acetate, uranyl magnesium acetate, osmium tetroxide, os-meth, osmium-dimethylethylenediamine, and ruthenium red) and one new staining reagent (a potassium platinum chloride - dimethylsulfoxide complex) whose specificity i ... | 1978 | 77178 |
| alkaline phosphatase possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase activity and other phosphodiesterases in bacillus subtilis. | in bacillus subtilis marburg strain, single-point mutations in the phop locus brought about simultaneous losses of the major activities of alkaline phosphatase (apase) and alkaline phosphodiesterase (apdase). revertants recovered the two activities. apases with apdase activity were purified from the membrane fraction of b. subtilis 6160-bc6 and from the culture fluid of an apase-secreting b. subtilis mutant strain, ran 1. in addition to these major apases with apdase activity, at least two kinds ... | 1978 | 77271 |
| effect of glutathione on radioactivity and antibacterial activity of 14c-bleomycin in organs. | | 1978 | 78447 |
| viral dna synthesis in permeabilized bacteria [proceedings]. | | 1978 | 80186 |
| do airborne bacillus subtilis enzymes from sources other than biodetergents cause respiratory disease? | | 1978 | 80648 |
| polypeptide antibiotic 26a from bacillus subtilis. i. taxonomy and fermentative production. | in surface cultures on nk/2-sym's medium, the isolate no. 26a of bacillus subtilis from the intestinal tract of galleria mellonella larvae produced three antibacterial substances which were separated by gel filtration on sephadex g-25 column. the major bioactive compound named 26a had a close resemblance to bacitracin family of polypeptide antibiotics. two minor active compounds, i.e. a bacteriolytic enzyme with endo-beta-n-acetylmuramidglycanohydrolase (ec. 3. 2. 1. 17) activity and other unide ... | 1978 | 81595 |
| polypeptide antibiotic 26a from bacillus subtilis. ii. isolation and purification procedures. | both the analytical and preparative methods by which the preparations of 26a bydrochloride salt with a high antibacterial activity and 20--30% recovery have been obtained from the fermentation fluids of bacillus subtilis are presented. on an industrial scale the antibiotic can be yielded by absorption of bioactivity on amberlite cg-50i column and precipitation with picric acid of crude substance from active elutes as adduct which was divided on equilibrated cm--cellulose and finally purified by ... | 1978 | 81596 |
| [serological properties of species of the genus bacillus]. | | 1978 | 82901 |
| [in vivo distribution and inactivation of pepleomycin (nk--631) (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 83403 |
| polypeptide antibiotic 26a from bacillus subtilis. iii. physicochemical and biological in vitro properties. | antibiotic 26a, a weakly basic (pk1 3.85 and pk2 7.1) polypeptide compound, has been recovered from the fermentation fluids of bacillus subtilis cultures as hydrochloride salt easily soluble in water and dimethylsulphoxide, sparingly soluble in lower alcohols and insoluble in several organic solvents. at low concentrations 26a was effective against gram-positive bacteria, mainly micrococci and corynebacteria, moderately active against mycobacteria, and inactive against gram-negative bacteria, ye ... | 1978 | 86284 |
| polypeptide antibiotic 26a from bacillus subtilis. iv. evaluation of biological in vivo activity. | the studies performed with the antibiotic 26a, which has a close resemblance to bacitracin family polypeptide antibiotics, revealed a prominent therapeutic and protective actions. the antibiotic is characterized by a moderately low toxicity, lack of cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on several tissue cultures, and therapeutic effectiveness in lethal streptococcal infections in mice, and corynebacterial infections in guinea pigs. | 1978 | 86285 |
| [physicochemical and biological properties of bleomycin complex antibiotics]. | | 1979 | 87144 |
| [problems of genetic enzymology]. | | 1977 | 88007 |
| characterization of a thermosensitive sporulation mutant of bacillus subtilis affected in the structural gene of an intracellular protease. | a thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-15) of bacillus subtilis has been isolated. this mutant when grown at the restrictive temperature (42 degrees c) is unable to sporulate, shows no intracellular protease activity and no protein turnover. these three traits were recovered in two revertants (ts-15r1 and ts-15r2) and were also transmitted together by transformation into the wild type. immunological studies have shown that when ts-15 is grown at 42 degrees c it synthesizes a 'cryptic' protein ... | 1979 | 90614 |
| dna-directed cell-free protein-synthesizing system of bacillus subtilis. | a cell-free coupled system of transcription and translation using cell extracts from bacillus subtilis and dna from phage sp82 has been developed. under optimum conditions, it incorporated approx. 300 pmol methionine during a 1 h incubation. the activity of the system increased linearly as the concentration of s-150 supernatant fraction protein increased from 125 to 325 microgram per assay. the optimum mg2+ concentration was 12.5-15 mm. ribosomes required treatment with dnaase in order to reduce ... | 1979 | 93969 |
| protein synthesis in bacillus subtilis. ii. selective translation of natural mrnas and its possible relation to the species-specific inhibition of protein synthesis by lincomycin and erythromycin. | | 1979 | 94104 |
| the biochemical effect of auromomycin on bacterial cells. | the mechanism of action of auromomycin was studied with intact cells of bacillus subtilis. the antibiotic exhibited a preferential inhibition of dna synthesis over rna and protein syntheses. the strand scission of cellular dna was induced by the drug, and dna was degraded into acid-soluble fragments. the results suggested that dna is the chemoreceptor of auromomycin. | 1979 | 94325 |
| [effect of sources of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus on the synthesis of proteases from bacillus subtilis cultures]. | the paper gives data on the influence of different sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus on the accumulation of biomass and synthesis of neutral protease by bacillus subtilis str. 103. the highest proteolytic activity was obtained on the medium containing maltose or hydrolyzed starch as a carbon source, monopotassium phosphate as a phosphorus source, and ammonium sulphate as a nitrogen source. the enzyme activity increased upon an addition of albumin, peptone or casein. a study of the amino ... | 1979 | 95825 |
| [immobilization of bacillus subtilis proteases on a styrol copolymer with maleic anhydride with covalent and coordination bonds]. | insoluble enzymes have been obtained through an interaction of the complex preparation of proteases, protosubtilin g15x, with the sterol and maleic anhydride copolymer in aprotic dipolar solvents and as a result of formation of mixed enzyme-polymer complexes of protosubtilin g15x and the sterol and malic acid copolymer in aqueous solution in the presence of metal ions. the effect of metal ions on the yield and activity of the resultant immobilized preparation has been studied. | 1979 | 95830 |
| [pigments produced by bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k]. | pigments produced by bacillus subtilis var. niger 16k on tyrosine agar and histidine containing synthetic medium were isolated and identified. on the basis of a number of tests the pigments were classified as melanins. | 1979 | 95833 |
| cardiolipin metabolism in growing and sporulating bacillus subtilis. | | 1978 | 95971 |
| characterization of small plasmids from staphylococcus aureus. | small molecular weight plasmids from staphylococcus aureus were characterized with respect to size, restriction enzyme cleavage pattern and transforming capacity. the plasmids ps194 and pc194 which encode streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance respectively contained 3.0 and 2.0 megadaltons of dna as determined by zonal rate centrifugation and electron-microscopy. both plasmids transformed s. aureus wigh high efficiency. plasmid pc194 contained only one cleavage site for endonuclease hindiii ... | 1978 | 95989 |
| [early diagnosis of hereditary metabolic diseases in the newborn by means of microbiological guthrie tests]. | the screening method of so-called bacterial inhibition and growth assay (guthrie-test) is described and the number of newborn babies tested over the whole of west germany from 1969--1974 is stated. 626 cases of pku were detected early and tested after these dates. only a few german laboratories are able to detect other inborn errors of metabolism such as msud (maple syrup urine disease), homocystinuria, histidinemia and galactosemia. the ratio of illnesses therefore can only be estimated and not ... | 1978 | 96002 |
| identification of antibiotics of iturin group in various strains of bacillus subtilis. | thirty eight strains of b. subtilis were tested for the presence of antifungal antibiotics of the iturin group. the characterization of these antibiotics was made on the basis of: antifungal activity against p. chrysogenum, isolation and purification of the active substance, quantitative analysis of alpha-aminoacids and identification of the liposoluble dipeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis. the only antibiotics of the iturin group found were: iturin a, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin l. | 1978 | 96084 |
| early-blocked asporogenous mutants of bacillus subtilis are lysogenized at reduced frequency by temperate bacteriophages. | the establishment of lysogeny in early-blocked asporogenous (spo-) mutants of bacillus subtilis 168, which were also defective in the production of antibiotics (abs-), by temperate phage phi105 or spo2 was studied. it was found that the frequency of lysogenization of spo-abs-mutants was 10 to 20% that of the wild-type bacteria. there was no difference in the efficiency of plating and the burst size of phi105 between wild-type and mutant strains. phi105 lysogens of mutant strains were as stable a ... | 1978 | 96089 |
| biosynthesis of riboflavin in bacillus subtilis: function and genetic control of the riboflavin synthase complex. | two riboflavin synthase activities (heavy and light) have been observed in earlier studies with bacillus subtilis. the heavy enzyme is a complex of one molecule of light enzyme (consisting of three alpha subunits) and approximately 60 beta subunits (a. bacher, r. bauer, u. eggers, h. harders, and h. schnepple, p. 729--732, in t. p. singer (ed.), flavins and flavoproteins, elsevier, amsterdam, 1976). the formation of alpha and beta subunits is coordinately controlled. mutants apparently deficient ... | 1978 | 96090 |
| recombination between compatible plasmids containing homologous segments requires the bacillus subtilis rece gene product. | plasmid psl103 was previously constructed by cloning a trp fragment (approximately 2.3 x 10(6) daltons) from restriction endonuclease ecori-digested chromosome dna of bacillus pumilus using the neomycin-resistance plasmid pub110 (approximately 2.8 x 10(6) daltons) as vector and b. subtilis as transformation recipient. in the present study the ecori trp fragment from psl103 was transferred in vitro to ecori fragments of the bacillus plasmid ppl576 to determine the ability of the plasmid fragments ... | 1978 | 96091 |
| bacillus subtilis 168 genetic transformation mediated by outgrowing spores: necessity for cell contact. | transforming activity released in sequential genetic order during the first synchronous cycle of dna replication during outgrowth of spores of bacillus subtilis 168 was investigated. a transformation assay was used consisting of outgrowing spores as dna donors and multiply marked competent cells as recipients. dna synthesis inhibitors known to stop dna release were used during and subsequent to dna transfer to recipient cells. the released dna sedimented with the outgrowing cells after low-speed ... | 1978 | 96105 |
| [disinfection of gutta-percha cones]. | | 1977 | 96557 |
| terminal redundancy of "high frequency of recombination" markers of bacillus subtilis phage spo1. | | 1978 | 96587 |
| post-transcriptional modifications of the anticodon loop region: alterations in isoaccepting species of trna's during development in bacillus subtilis. | structural similarities of trna's were compared using three sets of isoaccepting species that had previously been shown to undergo significant changes in chromatographic elution properties as a function of developmental stage in bacillus subtilis. comparisons of the structures of the trna's were based on the composition of their modified nucleosides, comparisons of oligonucleotide elution profiles from rpc-5 columns, and two-dimensional electrophoretic fingerprint analysis of oligonucleotides. t ... | 1978 | 97263 |
| tryptophan residues of saccharifying alpha-amylase from bacillus subtilis. a kinetic discrimination of states of tryptophan residues using n-bromosuccinimide. | four tryptophan residues of saccharifying alpha-amylase from b. subtilis out of eleven in total are reactive towards n-bromosuccinimide (nbs), suggesting that they are on the surface of the enzyme. this is consistent with the results of solvent perturbation difference spectrophotometry with ethylene glycol. one of four tryptophan residues was clearly distinguished from the other three in reactivity with nbs by the stopped-flow method. this most reactive tryptophan residue was not protected from ... | 1978 | 96111 |
| cell binding and growth inhibition by hexachlorophene of decanoate and their reversibility. | more than 80% of the hexachlorophene added to a bacillus subtilis culture binds to the cells. complete growth inhibition requires 6 x 10(5) molecules bound per cell. in contrast, more than 99% decanoate remains in solution and 3.8 x 10(7) molecules bound per cell are needed to inhibit growth. centrifugation and resuspension of cells in growth medium removes only decanoate, whereas the addition of 1% bovine serum albumin to the growth medium removes both inhibitors from their binding sites on the ... | 1978 | 96167 |
| mitomycin antibiotics. synthesis of 7-methoxy-1-(n-pyrrolidino)mitosene and its methiodide. | 7-methoxy-1-(n-pyrrolidino)mitosene and its methiodide were synthesized. the latter compound was a potential bifunctional alkylating agent because of its two good leaving groups appropriately situated with respect to the indoloquinone chromophore. however, it was inactive in bacteriophage induction and p388 murine leukemia assays. both compounds showed antibacterial activity in culture, and the former compound was very weakly active in inducing lysogenic bacteriophage. | 1978 | 96254 |
| thermorestoration of mutagenic radiation damage in bacterial spores. | the frequency of mutations in bacillus subtilis spores irradiated anoxically with ionizing radiation decreased as a result of subsequent anoxic heating to the same extent as the increase in spore survival. this result indicates that dna damage is the origin of the "thermorestoration" phenomenon. | 1978 | 96526 |
| the fate of bacteriophage phie transfecting dna. | | 1978 | 96585 |
| ecori cleavage of dna from bacillus subtilis phage spo1. | | 1978 | 96586 |
| [isolation of cationic proteins from rabbit thrombocytes and study of their bacteriostatic activity]. | cation-containing proteins, which possessed the bacteriostatic activity against grampositive microorganism bacillus subtilis shgw, were isolated from rabbit thrombocytes by means of selective extraction. these substances were of heterogenous nature (as shown by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis), including two groups of proteins with molecular weight about 8=10-10(3) and 20=30-10(3) daltons. the bacteriostatic activity of each group of these proteins was studied after gel filtration of the ... | 1978 | 96596 |
| [biological properties and mechanisms of development of bacteria resistant to fusidin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol]. | | 1978 | 96638 |
| mode of action of iturin a, an antibiotic isolated from bacillus subtilis, on micrococcus luteus. | | 1978 | 96818 |
| bacteriophage sp82 induced modifications of bacillus subtilis rna polymerase result in the recognition of additional rna synthesis initiation sites on phage dna. | | 1978 | 96824 |
| studies on the negative circular dichroic bands around 297 nm of ribosomes from bacterial cells. | the small negative cd bands around 297 nm of isolated 30-s and 50-s ribosomal subunits were precisely measured for three bacteria, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli q 13. the intensities of the negative cd bands of 30-s subunits were always much greater than those of 50-s subunits irrespective of the bacterial strains, which may be related to the difference in comformations of rrnas and proteins in the complexes between these subribosomal particles. the dissocia ... | 1978 | 96858 |
| residue monitoring of food products of animal origin. | | 1978 | 96909 |
| lipids of the streptomycettes. structural investigation and biological interrelation a review. | during a systematic investigation of lipids of streptomycetes a series of compounds of biochemical and microbiological interest have been isolated and characterized. these include several menaquinones, glycosyl diglycerides (glucuronosyl and isoladobinosym diglycerides), two ornithino lipids and a diol phospholipid. some of these lipids were not known previously as constituents of streptomycete cells although they have been encountered elsewhere; others have proved to be novel lipids. the result ... | 1978 | 96946 |
| purification and properties of two rna polymerases from sporulating cells of bacillus subtilis. | | 1978 | 97080 |
| [effect of ecori restrictase on the transforming dna of different bacilli]. | the transforming activity of dna from bacillus subtilis 168, bac. subtilis w23, bac. subtilis nrs and bac. aterrimus after the ecori restrictase treatment was studied. the auxotrophic strains of bac. subtilis 168 were used as recipients in bacterial transformation. the transforming activity for different markers decreased up to 0.001--6 per cent from the initial level for different bacilli dnas. in some cases the sensitivity of the same marker from different bacilli differed in more than 50 time ... | 1977 | 97170 |
| [one of the classes of revertants of a rec h bacillus subtilis mutant]. | a class of revertants of bacillus subtilis mutant rec h, which completely restored the ability to transformation but without restoring the activity of atp-dependent deoxyribonuclease, is isolated and studied. reversions are located in the same chromosome region as the original mutation. the detection of such revertants points out the existence of more than one recombination pathway for bac. subtilis transformation. | 1977 | 97171 |
| [nature of the mutations that determine the ability of bacillus subtilis a-50 to sporulate at high glucose concentrations in the medium]. | the ability of bacillus subtilis a-50 to sporulate in the medium containing high glucose concentrations is caused by at least two mutation types: pts mutations and cat (or tgl) mutations, both of them affecting differently the level of alkaline proteinase synthesis. the decrease of the level of enzyme activity in the case of pts mutation (glur3 mutant) occurs at the expense of glucose transport disturbance. the mutation cat (tgl) (mutant glur5) causes the increase in enzyme synthesis at the expe ... | 1978 | 97172 |
| non-transformable mutants of bacillus subtilis defective in the penetration of dna into the cell. | four non-transformable mutants of bacillus subtilis 168 defective in the penetration of dna into the recipient cell were isolated. all mutants were fully non-transformable with mutation in genes influencing irreversible binding of the donor dna by the recipient cell. | 1978 | 97186 |
| [vitamin b 6 biosynthesis in bacillus subtilis]. | 1) a vitamin-b6-producing mutant, ba 1, was selected by treatment of bacillus subtilis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. using gradient plates supplemented with the vitamin b6 antagonist isonicotinohydrazide, three mutants of ba 1 were isolated, which excrete 2-5 mg of vitamin b6/l of growth medium. 2) mutation of the three vitamin-b6-producing strains ba 1, ba 11 and l 71 led to the isolation of 49 vitamin-b6 deficient mutants. all mutants are able to grow with pyridoxine, pyridoxal, p ... | 1978 | 97199 |
| lysozyme: primary bactericidin in human plasma serum active against bacillus subtilis. | the in vitro bactericidal reaction of human plasma serum against bacillus subtilis was investigated. human lysozyme was purified to homogeneity, and antiserum was prepared against the enzyme. the anti-lysozyme immunoglobulin g was used as a specific inhibitor in bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions. it was found that at low serum concentrations lysozyme was the primary bactericide active against b. subtilis. at appreciably higher serum concentrations, a lysozyme-independent bactericidal acti ... | 1978 | 97236 |
| evidence that spo0a mutations are recessive in spo0a-/spo0a+ merodiploid strains of bacillus subtilis. | the spo0a locus contains two types of closely linked mutations that block sporulation at stage 0: spo0a mutations (the most pleiotropic of the stage 0 markers) and spo0c mutations. it was previously thought that spo0a mutations were dominant in merodiploids of bacillus subtilis, whereas spo0c mutations were recessive. we have shown that spo0a mutations were recessive when spo0a-/spo0a+ merodiploids were made in the genetic backgrounds of strains that were resistant to antibiotic produced by the ... | 1978 | 97278 |
| independence of proline chemotaxis and transport in bacillus subtilis. | values of ki for nine proline analogs as inhibitors of proline chemotaxis and of proline transport were determined. two of them inhibited transport at substantially lower concentrations than chemotaxis; two at substantially higher concentrations. moreover, mutants, believed to be in the component that binds proline, were isolated that showed a shift of km for transport to higher concentrations, one as much as 40-fold. however, chemotaxis was virtually unaffected. therefore, unlike galactose chem ... | 1978 | 97283 |
| purification and characterization of nadph-dependent flavin reductase. an enzyme required for the activation of chorismate synthase in bacillus subtilis. | nadph-dependent flavin reductase (required for the activation of chorismate synthase) was purified to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of bacillus subtilis. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 13,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, is specific for nadph, and requires a divalent metal ion and either fmn or fad for maximal rates of nadph oxidation. the enzyme is able to reduce 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (dcip) in the presence of nadph and a divalent metal ion. bo ... | 1978 | 97284 |
| purification and properties of chorismate synthase from bacillus subtilis. | chorismatic synthase was purified to apparent homogeneity from bacillus subtilis. the enzyme required nadph-dependent flavin reductase, mg2+, nadph, and flavin (fmn or fad) for activity. the molecular weight of chorismate synthase was 24,000 as determined by sodium dedecyl sulfate (sds)-gel electrophoresis. the enzyme was also isolated in a complex form associated with nadph-dependent flavin reductase and another enzyme of the aromatic amino acid pathway, dehydroquinate synthase. on sds-gel elec ... | 1978 | 97285 |
| dehydroquinate synthase in bacillus subtilis. an enzyme associated with chorismate synthase and flavin reductase. | dehydroquinate synthase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (dahp) to 5-dehydroquinate, has been purified from bacillus subtilis in association with chorismate synthase and nadph-dependent flavin reductase. the enzyme was only active when associated with chorismate synthase, whereas the flavin reductase could be separated from the complex with retention of dehydroquinate synthase activity. the enzyme requires nad and either co2+ or mn2+ f ... | 1978 | 97286 |
| immunochemical studies of the inactivation of aspartate transcarbamylase by stationary phase bacillus subtilis cells. evidence for selective, energy-dependent degradation. | the aspartate transcarbamylase of bacillus subtilis is stable in exponentially growing cells, but undergoes rapid, energy-dependent inactivation when growth is inhibited by nutrient depletion or addition of antibiotics or other inhibitors of metabolism. this inactivation has been analyzed by a variety of immunochemical techniques, including direct and indirect immunoprecipitation of extracts of cells labeled with 3h-amino-acids, microcomplement fixation, and neutralization of enzymatic activity. ... | 1978 | 97299 |