| carbon monoxide and hydroxymercuribenzoate sensitivity of a fatty acid (omega-2) hydroxylase from bacillus megaterium. | | 1975 | 238536 |
| [effect of low ph values on the chemical composition of a chemostat culture of bacillus megaterium]. | inhibition of the growth of bacillus megaterium was studied in the conditions of chemostat. inhibition of the growth by hydrogen ions had almost no effect on the content of dna, rna, protein and polysaccharides, but the protein-synthesizing activity of rna changed. the content of polyphosphates, of high and low molecular weight, depended on ph; the relationship was of a non-linear character. the total content of lipids increased with the concentration of hydrogen ions. | 1975 | 240107 |
| protease activity in cells of bacillus megaterium during derepression. | a proteolytic activity hydrolyzing denatured proteins of bacillus megaterium labelled with 35s or 14c amino acids was detected in cells of the asporogenic strain of bacillus megaterium. the substrate is hydrolyzed by the enzyme or enzymes at optimum ph around 7, their activity being almost completely inhibited by edta and o-phenanthroline. pmsf, the inhibitor of serine proteases, is slightly inhibitory. gel filtration on a sephadex column separated the protease activity to two or three fractions ... | 1975 | 240763 |
| studies on lankacidin-group (t-2636) antibiotics. x. microbial conversion of lankacidin-group antibiotics. | lankacidin c, a component of lankacidin-group (t-2636) antibiotics, was esterified to lankacidin c 8-butyrate in the presence of methyl butyrate by culture broth and by cell-free extract of bacillus megaterium ifo 12108. in addition, methyl isobutyrate, methyl valerate and methyl isovalerate served as acyl donors for the esterification, and lankacidin c 8-isobutyrate, lankacidin c 8-valerate and lankacidin c 8-isovalerate were formed respectively. lankacidin c 8, 14-dibutyrate was hydrolyzed to ... | 1975 | 240790 |
| [effect of hydrogen ions on the morphology and ultrastructure of bacillus megaterium]. | the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells of bacillus megaterium depend on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the medium which affect, first of all, the function of division. the changes induced by hydrogen ions are temporary and disappear when the cells are put under normal conditions of growth. the "acid-resistant" strain of bac. megaterium remains viable at a very high concentration of hydrogen ions (ph=4.2) and, though its morphology changes drastically, no essential damages are foun ... | 1975 | 241004 |
| excystment of axenically prepared cysts of hartmanella culbertsoni. | axenically prepared cysts of hartmannella culbertsoni readily excysted in the presence of heat stable factors prepared from escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and several fungi. peptone, proteose peptone, tryptone or amino acids also promoted excystment. crowding of the cysts and dilution of bacterial extracts adversely affected the excystment. continual presence of the factors in the medium was essential for excys ... | 1977 | 319194 |
| production of megacins c and cx: presumptive evidence extrachromosomal control. | exposure of growing cultures of bacillus megaterium c4a(-) to ethidium bromide or an elevated growth temperature was found to eliminate megacin c production. ethidium bromide resulted in a cure rate of up to 13%. growth at 43 degrees c gave a cure rate of up to 99%. megacin c production was lost spontaneously at a rate of 4% or less. there was a greater rate of spontaneous loss of megacin cx production by b. megaterium 337, up to 14%. growth at 43 degrees c resulted in a cure rate of up to 24% i ... | 1977 | 402106 |
| intracellular proteolytic activity during sporulation of bacillus megaterium. | intracellular proteolytic activity increased during incubation of the sporogenic strain of bacillus megaterium km in a sporulation medium together with excretion of an extracellular metalloprotease. the exocellular protease activity in a constant volume of the medium reached a 100-fold value with respect to the intracellular activity. maximal values of the activity of both the extracellular and intracellular enzyme were reached after 3-5 h of incubation. after 7 h 20-50% cells formed refractile ... | 1977 | 402306 |
| density, porosity, and structure of dried cell walls isolated from bacillus megaterium and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | helium displacement and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used to determine the density and porosity, respectively, of freeze-dried cell walls isolated from bacillus megaterium km and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the densities were 1.302 and 1.180 g/cm3, respectively, suggesting noncrystalline solids. the porosities were extremely small, indicating that the cell walls had collapsed and become essentially impervious upon lyophilization. | 1977 | 402351 |
| asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids in the membrane of bacillus megaterium. | | 1977 | 403290 |
| enzymic assays for isomers of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in walls of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium. | an enzymic assay for individual isomers (meso-, ll- and dd-) of 2,6-diaminopimelate was developed. the enzyme 2,6-diaminopimelate decarboxylase specifically attacked meso-diaminopimelate and was used to measure this isomer manometrically. the meso- and ll-isomers were measured together manometrically in a coupled assay with diaminopimelate decarboxylase and diaminopimelate epimerase (which converts ll-diaminopimelate into meso-diaminopimelate). the dd-isomer was not attacked by either enzyme and ... | 1977 | 403912 |
| most of the coenzyme a in dormant spores of bacillus megaterium is in disulfide linkage to protein. | | 1977 | 403914 |
| specificity of siderophore receptors in membrane vesicles of bacillus megaterium. | membrane vesicles of bacillus megaterium strains sk11 and ard1 bound the ferrischizokinen and ferriferrioxamine b siderhores (iron transport cofactors). an approximately equimolar uptake of both labels of [3h, 59fe]ferrischizokinen indicated binding of the intact chelate. binding reached equilibrium in 2 to 5 min, was temperature independent, and was unaltered by the addition of several energy sources. a 91% dissociation of bound [fe]ferrischizokinen was achieved in 60 s by the addition of exces ... | 1977 | 404281 |
| a teichuronic acid containing rhamnose from cell walls of bacillus megaterium. | | 1977 | 405039 |
| structural relationship of the teichuronic acid and peptidoglycan of bacillus megaterium. | | 1977 | 405040 |
| studies on the penicillin-binding components of bacillus megaterium. | | 1977 | 405249 |
| rapid transmembrane movement of newly synthesized phospholipids during membrane assembly. | the transbilayer distribution of phospholipids in bacillus megaterium is asymmetrical, with twice as much phosphatidylethanolamine internally as externally (rothaman, j. e. & kennedy, e. p. (1977) j. mol. biol. 110,603-618). we now report that the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine is also asymmetrical. newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine was found first on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane of pulse-labeled cells and later was redistributed until the specific radioactivity of the ... | 1977 | 405668 |
| temperature range variants of bacillus megaterium. | facultatively and obligately thermophilic variants were isolated from 3 out of 12 tested mesophilic bacillus megaterium strains. the variants occurred at a frequency of 10(-8)-10(-9). the ability to grow at elevated temperatures was cured by means of treatment with acridine orange. stable revertants were isolated from facultatively and obligately thermophilic variants. an unknown type of megacin was produced by the facultative thermophiles. this megacin attacked mesophilic and obligately thermo ... | 1977 | 406871 |
| cyanide-resistant electron transport in sporulating bacillus megaterium km. | the nadh oxidase activity of stage v mother-cell membranes, isolated from sporulating bacillus megaterium km, shows a greater inhibition by cyanide and displays this response at lower concentrations of cyanide than the stage v forespore inner membrane. comparison of the effects of various respiratory inhibitors reveals that the difference in cyanide sensitivity between these membranes is located on the oxidase side of the 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide-sensitive step. both membranes contain ... | 1977 | 406913 |
| germination and subsequent outgrowth capacity of isolated forespores compared with mature spores of bacillus megaterium km. | | 1977 | 408200 |
| mutants of bacillus megaterium resistant to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. | mutants of bacillus megaterium displaying malate-stimulated atp synthesis resistant to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation were isolated and partially characterized. atp synthesis in such mutants was resistant to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone as well as to other uncouplers including 2,4-dinitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, and sodium azide. atp synthesis in the wild type and in resistant mutants was sensitive to n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, tributyltin, valinomycin plus potassium, ... | 1977 | 408344 |
| levels of acetyl coenzyme a, reduced and oxidized coenzyme a, and coenzyme a in disulfide linkage to protein in dormant and germinated spores and growing and sporulating cells of bacillus megaterium. | dormant spores of bacillus megaterium were found to contain approximately 850 pmol of coenzyme a (coa) per milligram of dry weight. of this total, less than 1.5% was acetyl-coa, 25% was coa-disulfide, 43% was in disulfide linkage to protein, and the remainder was the free thiol. dormand spores of bacillus cereus and clostridium bifermentans contained 700 and 600 pmol of coa per milligram of dry weight, respectively; in both species approximately 45% of the coa 45% of the coa was in disulfide lin ... | 1977 | 410791 |
| chemotaxis by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus toward prey. | a chemotaxis assay system that uses a modified boyden chamber was characterized and used for measurements of chemotaxis by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain uki2 toward several bacterial species. bacteria tested included both susceptible and nonsusceptible cells (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium, and b. bacteriovorus strains uki2 and d). none was attractive to bdellovibrios when present at densities below 10(7) cells per ml. chemotaxis toward e. coli was studied mos ... | 1977 | 410796 |
| isolation and characterization of a bacillus megaterium qmb1551 bacteriophage. | a bacteriophage specific for bacillus megaterium qm b1551 was isolated. this phage (mp-7) was a lytic phage of typical morphology and distinct stability properties. the dna was double-stranded, with a mole % g+c of 38.9 +/- 0.7 and a mol. wt. of 42 to 44 x 10(6). | 1977 | 410908 |
| the decay of potentially lethal oxygen-dependent damage in fully hydrated bacillus megaterium spores exposed to pulsed electron irradiation. | using a stopped-flow mixing and pulsed irradiation apparatus, a study has been made of the decay, to a harmless form, of radiation-induced species which would otherwise be lethal to spores on contact with oxygen. aqueous suspensions of bacillus megaterium spores were irradiated with 600 krad of electrons given over approximately 1 s; at various times after irradiation oxygen in solution was added. as the interval between irradiation and introduction of oxygen increased, the fraction of spores su ... | 1977 | 411762 |
| a survey for the presence of teichuronic acid in walls of bacillus megaterium and bacillus cereus. | | 1977 | 411891 |
| inhibition of tumor growth by the peptidoglycan from bacillus megaterium. | when injected in admixture with tumor cells, the peptidoglycan extracted from bacillus megaterium inhibited the growth of a chemically induced fibrosarcoma in syngeneic rats. in some instances, the tumor growth was totally suppressed. animals rejecting mixed inocula exhibited a tumor-specific immunity. peptidoglycan was not cytotoxic for tumor cells; it rendered macrophages nonspecifically cytotoxic. | 1977 | 411939 |
| the effects of zinc on the radiosensitivity of bacillus megaterium cells. | | 1977 | 412806 |
| effects of detergents on ribosomal precursor subunits of bacillus megaterium. | cell extracts prepared by osmotic lysis of protoplasts were analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation. in the absence of detergents, ribosomal precursor particles were found in a gradient fraction which sedimented faster than mature 50s subunits and in two other fractions coincident with mature 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits. phospholipid, an indicator of membrane, was shown to be associated with only the fastest-sedimenting ribosomal precursor particle fraction. after the extracts were treated ... | 1978 | 412833 |
| biochemical studies on glucose initiated germination in bacillus megaterium. | bacillus megaterium qm b1551 spores contained the enzymes for the embden-meyerhof pathway and the initial reactions in the hexose monophosphate pathway but not the entner-doudoroff pathway. with [u-14c]glucose no metabolism was detected until after about 30% of the spores had lost heat resistance. mutants that lacked either phosphofructokinase or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were able to initiate germination on glucose like wild type. purified methyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside, 6-deoxyglucose a ... | 1978 | 413586 |
| identification of the binding protein which may be the target of penicillin action in bacillus megaterium. | | 1978 | 414142 |
| the cerulenin-induced formation of 1-acyl-lysophosphatidyl glycerol in bacillus megaterium. | | 1978 | 414748 |
| the temperature-mediated metabolism of 1-acyl-lysophosphatidyl glycerol in cerulenin-treated cultures of bacillus megaterium. | | 1978 | 414749 |
| spore location patterns in sporulating doublets of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium, derived from single doublet isolates with differing sporulation geometry. | the distribution of spore loci in pairs of bacillus cereus and b. megaterium showed different degrees of polarization from random location towards location at the old end of the sporangium. when individual doublets containing both spores at either the old or new ends of the sporangia were isolated by micromanipulation, subsequent culture showed the same spore location patterns. | 1978 | 415036 |
| production of penicillic acid and patulin by an atypical penicillium roqueforti isolate. | simultaneous production of penicillic acid and patulin by an atypical strain of penicillium roqueforti isolated from cheddar cheese is reported. mycotoxin production was confirmed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography and by ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectral analyses. culture extracts were toxic to bacillus megaterium and chicken embryos. commercial strains of p. roqueoforti used in production of blue-veined cheeses were shown not to produce penicillic acid and patulin. | 1978 | 416750 |
| effects of growth temperature on protoplast membrane properties in bacillus megaterium. | changes in the protoplast membrane of the km strain of bacillus megaterium were assessed after growth at 20, 30, or 37 degrees, c. although the overall membrane concentrations of lipids and proteins were virtually unchanged, increased culture temperature resulted in cells with membranes that contained relatively more unbranched and long-chain fatty acids and more acidic phospholipids, as well as different proportions and numbers of individual proteins. electrophoretic analysis revealed 23, 31, o ... | 1978 | 416896 |
| membrane lateral phase separations and chlortetracycline transport by bacillus megaterium. | chlortetracycline, a fluorescent probe of its own active transport, has been used to study lateral phase separations of membrane lipid in bacillus megaterium cells. arrhenius plots of initial accumulation rates are triphasic, with transitions or characteristic temperatures of 20 degrees and 9.5 degrees . at the higher temperature, the mobility of the chloretracycline, as measured by fluorescence polarization, is markedly altered. chlortetracycline transport exhibits saturation kinetics, and fluo ... | 1978 | 418409 |
| toxigenic aspergilli isolated from different sources in egypt. | 45 cultures of aspergillus, belonging to 25 species isolated from different sources in egypt, were tested for toxicity to chicken embryos and to bacillus megaterium growth. mycotoxins were detected by tlc analysis. 30 isolates out of 45 exhibited toxicity. 3 isolates were recorded as high-toxin producers. (a. egyptiacus, a. carneus and a. terricola). the 2 former produced unknown toxins, while a. terricola produced aflatoxins (b1, b2, g1 and g2). aflatoxins production by a. terricola is reported ... | 1977 | 418720 |
| [use of bacillus megaterium h. in studying the antitumor properties of new ethyleneimine derivatives of n-dichlorophosphonyliminotri-chloroacetic acid trichlorophosphopolyalkane halides and chloroanhydridies]. | | 1978 | 723679 |
| electron microscopy of phages liberated by megacin a producing lysogenic bacillus megaterium strains. | mitomycin c was added at fairly high concentration (5-10 mug/ml) to exponentially growing cultures of selected strains of bacillus megaterium. lysis of the bacteria followed, associated by liberation of phage and megacin a production. in contrast, a low concentration (0.5 mug/ml) of mitomycin induced only megacin a production. electron microscopic examination of the lysates induced by 5-10 mug/ml of mitomycin in 19 strains of b. megaterium showed them all to contain phages; most of the strains p ... | 1975 | 803340 |
| polarized relationship of bacterial spore loci to the "old" and "new" ends of sporangia. | the frequency of association of spore loci with the "old" and "new" ends of rod-shaped sporangia in batch cultures of bacillus megaterium atcc 19213 was estimated by phase contrast microscopy. the analysis was facilitated by (i) the association of most of the sporangia into chains of two to five sporangia and (ii) the occurrence of two types of cross wall distinguishable by their degree of splitting. it was concluded that a newly formed spore is located at the "old" end of a sporangium. by infer ... | 1975 | 803482 |
| protein metabolism during germination of bacillus megaterium spores. i. protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism. | protein synthesis during germination of bacillus megayerium spores can be divided into two stages. during the first 75 min of germination (stage i) endogenous nitrogen reserves are sufficient to support protein synthesis, and most amino acids are generated by proteolysis of dormant spore protein. the amino acids produced are excreted initially from the spore, but then reabsorbed and partially utilized for protein synthesis. significant amino acid metabolism also occurs during stage i, utilizing ... | 1975 | 803494 |
| protein metabolism during germination of bacillus megaterium spores. ii. degradation of pre-existing and newly synthesized protein. | two distinct proteolytic systems have been detected during germination of bacillus megaterium spores: one degrading a unique class of dormant spore proteins and the other degrading primarily protein synthesized during germination. proteolysis of dormant spore protein began by the 3rd min of germination and by 25 min had degraded 15 to 20% of the pre-existing protein to free amino acids. this reaction was not significantly ( less than 20%) different with or without amino acids or a carbon or nitr ... | 1975 | 803495 |
| bacillus subtilis n-acetylmuramic acid l-alanine amidase. | the n-acetymuramic acid l-alanine amidase from bacillus subtilis (atcc 6051) has been purified to homogeneity. it is a monomeric protein of molecular weight 50,000. the enzyme has a high affinity for homologous cell walls and once attached to a cell wall will hydrolyze the wall completely before initiating the hydrolysis of a new cell wall. the affinity of the enzyme for cell walls devoid of teichoic acid or for cell walls of bacillus megaterium is much lower than that for b. subtilis cell walls ... | 1975 | 803507 |
| properties of bacillus megaterium temperature-sensitive germination mutants. | bacillus megaterium mutants jv-9 and jv-10 are temperature sensitive for initiation of spore germination. at 46 c, they did not lose heat resistance, dipicolinic acid, or absorbance, indicating that the temperature-sensitive blocks are very early in the sequence of initiation reactions. strain jv-9 was temperature sensitive for initiation by glucose alone, and strain jv-10 was temperature sensitive for initiation by glucose, l-leucine, l-proline, kbr, or calcium dipicolinate. the kinetics of ini ... | 1975 | 803950 |
| reversion of bacillus megaterium protoplasts to the bacillary form. | photomicrographic evidence of reversion of bacillus megaterium protoplasts to the bacillary form on soft agar plates hypertonic medium is demonstrated. | 1975 | 803954 |
| transport of d- and l-tryptophan in bacillus megaterium by an inducible permease. | tryptophan-grown cells of bacillus megaterium atcc 19213 contain a permease system that transports both d- and l-tryptophan and is inhibited by sodium azide. arginine-grown cells contain little tryptophan permease activity, suggesting that the system is inducible. arginine represses the tryptophan permease as well as the transport system for leucine and phenylalanine. kynurenine was a more effective inducer of the tryptophan transport system than either d- or l-tryptophan. | 1975 | 803955 |
| tryptophan catabolism in bacillus megaterium. | bacillus megaterium grows in a medium containing l-tryptophan as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. kynurenine, anthranilic acid, and catechol are metabolic intermediates, suggesting that this organism used the anthranilic acid pathway for tryptophan degradation. cells that grow on l-tryptophan oxidize kynurenine, alanine, and anthranilic acid and the presence of tryptophan oxygenase (ec 1.13.1.12), kynureninase (ec 3.7.1.3), and catechol oxygenase (ec 1.13.1.1) in cell extracts provi ... | 1975 | 803956 |
| reconstitution of cell wall synthesis in toluene- and licl-treated bacillus megaterium cells by addition of a soluble protein extract. | proteins required for the synthesis of peptidoglycan and incorporation of diaminopimelic acid into cell walls have been solubilized from bacillus megaterium toluene-treated cells. some of these proteins might have been removed from the cytoplasmic membrane through the cell wall by extraction with licl. the solubilized proteins have molecular weights in the range of 40,000 to 70,000 and can be added back to b. megaterium toluene-treated cells to reconstitute the synthetic reactions. | 1975 | 804487 |
| characteristics of a bacillus megaterium bacteriophage. | a bacteriophage which infects and lyses bacillus megaterium atcc 19213 was isolated from the soil. the phage produces lysis on nine strains of b, megaterium tested but did not lyse a bacillus cereus or bacillus licheniformis strain, nor any of eight bacillus subtilis strains tested. physical characteristics of the phage including morphology, size, thermal and ph stability, and buoyant density were examined. the nucleic acid is double-stranded dna of mol. wt. 41.7 times 10 and 36 to 38.5 mol perc ... | 1975 | 804535 |
| protease and peptidase activities in growing and sporulating cells and dormant spores of bacillus megaterium. | peptidase and protease activities on many different substrates have been determined in several stages of growth of bacillus megaterium. extracts of log-phase cells, sporulating cells, and dormant spores of b. megaterium each hydrolyzed 16 different di- and tripeptides. the specific peptidase activity was highest in dormant spores, and the activity in sporulating cells and log-phase cells was about 1.2-fold and 2- to 3-fold lower, respectively. this peptidase acticity was wholly intracellular sin ... | 1975 | 805126 |
| omega-1, omega-2 and omega-3 hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids, amides and alcohols by a soluble enzyme system from bacillus megaterium. | a soluble enzyme preparation from bacillus megaterium, previously shown to hydroxylate free fatty acids to isomeric mixtures of omega-1, omega-2 and omega-3 monohydroxy fatty acids in the presence of nadph and o2, has now been shown to act also on fatty amides but not only hydrocarbons or fatty acid methyl esters. using 14-c-labelled substrates, both the chain-length specificity and the positional specificity of hydroxylation was determined for fatty acids, alcohols and amides. the most active s ... | 1975 | 805599 |
| microbiological assay of patulin, using bacillus megaterium. | bacillus megaterium nrrl 1368 was found to be sensitive to patulin and a suitable test organism for an accurate, quantitative bioassay of the toxin. the optimum conditions for the test were determined. the response of the organism to patulin was found to be linear between 2 and 80 mug. when compared to thin layer chromatographic and spectrophotometric assay methods, the bioassay was found to be comparable in accuracy, but less sensitive. the test was found to be sensitive to 1.7 mug patulin. the ... | 1975 | 806575 |
| radiation sensitivity of bacillus megaterium spores in the presence of co(iii)complexes. | | 1975 | 806930 |
| germination and peptidoglycan solubilization in bacillus megaterium spores. | during initiation of bacillus megaterium qm b1551 spore germination, trichloroacetic acid-soluble, nondialyzable peptidoglycan fragments with an average molecular weight of 20,000 were excreted. this solubilization of peptidoglycan was measured in vitro as the amount of trichloroacetic acid-soluble hexosamine released from a suspension of broken spores. hgc12, a potent inhibitor of initiation, had no effect on the in vitro solubilization of peptidoglycan. in vivo, hgc12 had no effect on peptido ... | 1975 | 807562 |
| passage of a membrane protein through the walls of toluene-treated bacillus megaterium cells. | based on autoradiographic and microscopic evidence, it seems likely that a membrane protein essential for peptidoglycan synthesis can be extracted from uhlysed toluene-treated bacillus megaterium cells. furthermore, this protein can be added back to the membrane through the wall to reconstitute peptidoglycan synthesis. autoradiograms also show that peptidoglycan is synthesized from externally added nucleotide precursors over the entire length of the toluene-treated bacterial. the amounts of pept ... | 1975 | 807564 |
| systematic difference in the methylation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | a survey of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was performed to compare the distributionof n6-methylated adenine. it was found that (i) all the gram-positive strains tested, staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lutea, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus megaterium, contain neither n6-monomethyl adenine (m6a) nor n6-dimethyladenine (m26a) in 23s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna). in the case of s. aureus and streptococcus pyogenes, strains which are clinically resistant ... | 1975 | 807565 |
| [chemically controlled depolymerization of beta hydroxybutyric lipids (phb) in bacillus megaterium. isolation and structure of the oligomers of d(-)beta hydroxybutyric acid]. | partial depolymerisation of phb by chemical means to the appearance of homologous polymers from phb constituted of short carbon chains and oligomers which represent the first elements of this macromolecule. the chemical structure of these oligomers ranging from dimer to heptamer has been essentially deduced from their mass spectrum and then confirmed by studying their physical, chemical and biological properties. | 1975 | 808319 |
| study of cell wall growth in bacillus megaterium by high-resolution autoradiography. | growth of the cell wall of bacillus megaterium was studied by pulse-labeling the cell wall of a dap- lys- mutant for a very short time with tritium-labeled diaminopimelic acid. the distribution of radioactivity along the cell wall was examined by high-resolution autoradiography on isolated cell walls and thin sections of bacteria. the results indicate that cell wall elongation occurs by diffuse intercalation of newly synthesized murein into the expanding cell wall during exponential growth, as w ... | 1975 | 808532 |
| cell wall growth of bacillus megaterium: cytoplasmic radioactivity after pulse-labeling with tritiated diaminopimelic acid. | study of the cell wall growth in bacillus megaterium by pulse-labeling a dap- lys- mutant with tritiated diaminopimelic acid (dap) had revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic radioactivity. the nature of this radioactivity was studied on one hand by autoradiographic analysis of bacteria treated in different ways and on the other hand by chromatography of the radioactive compounds extracted with boiling water. it is shown that cytoplasmic radioactivity corresponds neither to free dap nor to dap ... | 1975 | 808533 |
| cholesterol incorporation into bacterial membranes. | the wall-covered bacteria micrococcus lysodeikticus, bacillus megaterium, and proteus mirabilis incorporated exogenous cholesterol into their cytoplasmic membrane in quantities resembling those incorporated by sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas. cholesterol incorporation into the outer membrane of p. mirabilis was much more restricted than into the cytoplasmic membrane. | 1975 | 809427 |
| identification and localization of the major proteins degraded during germination of bacillus megaterium spores. | of the 15 to 20% of total spore protein which is degraded during germination of spores of bacillus megaterium, greater than 80% is derived from a protein fraction soluble in dilute acids such as acetic acid that contains two major proteins, termed a and b. these two proteins are low or absent in germinated spores, log phase cells, and early stationary phase cells, but both are synthesized and appear in parallel late in sporulation after the appearance of nonrefractile forespores but before the a ... | 1975 | 809442 |
| purification and properties of some unique low molecular weight basic proteins degraded during germination of bacillus megaterium spores. | two major proteins, termed proteins a and b, and one minor species, termed protein c, have been purified to homogeneity from dilute acid extracts of dormant spores of bacillus megaterium. these three species comprise approximately 80% of the protein in the dilute acid extracts and account for 60 to 75% of the protein degraded during spore germination. all three proteins have low molecular weights (7,000 to 10,000), high isoelectric points (greater than 9.8), alanine as the nh2-terminal amino aci ... | 1975 | 809443 |
| [bacillus megaterium as a possible source of protein]. | the amino acid composition of protein was studied with bacillus megaterium. most of the essential amino acids are present in sufficient amounts, with the exception of sulphur-containing amino acids and probably tryptophan. the content of methionine is 2 percent. the proteins of the biomass are easily digested by trypsin. the culture of bac. megaterium grows in a mineral medium containing 5 percent of sucrose or glucose. the yield of dry biomass recalculated for the sugar consumed decreases from ... | 1975 | 809643 |
| degradation of 3-hydroxybenzoate by bacteria of the genus bacillus. | the pathway whereby certain bacterial strains of the genus bacillus degrade m-hydroxybenzoate is delineated. of 12 strains examined, nine were tentatively classified as representatives of the species bacillus brevis, two of bacillus sphaericus and one of bacillus megaterium. all strains degraded m-hydroxybenzoate via the same pathway. m-hydroxybenzoate was hydroxylated to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (gentisate), which was oxidized by a gentisate 1,2-deoxygenase yielding maleylpyruvate. maleylpyruvate ... | 1975 | 810087 |
| liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting: a new concept for cell disruption. | high-efficiency disruption of bacteria can be accomplished in 2 or more min by the new procedure of liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting. release of the dipicolinic acid-ca2+ chelate paralleled the breakage of bacillus megaterium endospores. lactate dehydrogenase activity was much better in supernates from liquid nitrogen cryo-impacting-broken escherichia coli cells than in those from sonically treated and broken e. coli cells. | 1975 | 810088 |
| [a glucose dehydrogenase for the determination of glucose concentrations in body fluids (author's transl)]. | the isolation of glucose dehydrogenase from bacillus megaterium m 1286 is outlined. data on the specificity of the enzyme towards carbohydrates are given. a specific method for glucose determination using this enzyme was developed. methods and results of four variants of this glucose determination are presented: end point determination in the uv range, determination with formazan as reaction product, kinetic determination in the uv range, and continuous flow analysis in the uv range (autoanalyze ... | 1975 | 810982 |
| demonstration of a cytochrome p-450-dependent steroid 15beta-hydroxylase in bacillus megaterium. | | 1975 | 811222 |
| two components in the radiation sensitization of bacterial spores by p-nitroacetophenone: the -oh component. | p-nitroacetophenone (pnap) sensitizes bacillus megaterium spores under anoxic conditions to the lethal effects of 50 kvp x-rays. concentrations between approximately 5 x 10(-4) m and 3-8 x 10(-3) m produce the maximum effect, an increase of about 30 per cent over the anoxic response when the spores are irradiated in water. compounds that scavenge -oh decrease, but cannot completely eliminate, this maximum amount of sensitization. these results indicate that pnap acts to increase spores' radiatio ... | 1975 | 811578 |
| conditions controlling commitment of differentiation in bacillus megaterium. | the developmental stage at which cells of bacillus megaterium are committed to continue differentiation, i.e., sporulation, depends on both the previous growth medium and the new medium to which the cells are transferred for the commitment test. the latest "stage of no return," after which cells continue differentiation, no matter how rich in nutrients the medium, is reached as soon as the forespore is completely surrounded by a double membrane. | 1975 | 812086 |
| energy conservation in bacillus megaterium. | 1. the respiratory chain energy conservation systems of bacillus megaterium strains d440 and m have been investigated following growth in batch and continuous culture. respiratory membranes from these strains contained cytochromes b, aa3, o and b, c, a, o, respecitvely; both readily oxidised nadh but neither showed any pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase activity. 2. whole cells of both strains exhibited endogenous leads to h+/o ratios of approximately 4; when loaded with specific substrates th ... | 1975 | 812445 |
| antibacterial action of primaquine: effects in vitro on polypeptide synthesis and in vivo on ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid. | primaquine inhibited polyphenylalanine formation directed by poly(u) in a cell-free system obtained from bacillus megaterium only when the drug was preincubated with transfer ribonucleic acid (trna), poly(u), or ribosomes. considerably less inhibition was produced when the ionic strength of the preincubation mixture of trna or poly(u) plus primaquine was increased; with ribosomes, the extent of inhibition was only slightly reduced. in cultures of b. megaterium, primaquine induced the breakdown o ... | 1975 | 813574 |
| distribution and effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cells of bacillus megaterium. | cell death in a resting population of an asporogenous bacillus megaterium was accelerated by ambient concentrations of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) equal to or greater than 10 mug/ml or 5 mug/mg of cells (dry weight), but only after prolonged exposure. conversely, populations of growing cells were not markedly influenced even at 100 mug/ml. effects on cell respiration were not manifest until the ambient concentration reached 1,000 mug of 2,4,5-t/ml, or 500 mug/mg. cells of b. mega ... | 1975 | 813578 |
| [variations in enzyme activities in different sporulation conditions of bacillus megaterium]. | glucose dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities have been studied for various conditions of sporulation of bacillus megaterium km (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate starvation). glucose dehydrogenase appears in all conditions of sporulation, even with excess of glucose or gluconate. alkaline phosphatase, usually dereprimed in phosphate starvation, does not increase during sporulation of bacillus megaterium when phosphate is present. | 1975 | 815046 |
| morphological study of the reversion to bacillary form, of bacillus megaterium protoplasts. | protoplasts of bacillus megaterium readily reverted to bacillary form in liquid media and when plated in a soft-agar layer onto the surface of appropriate agar media. three phases of the reversion sequence could be differentiated by phase contrast microscopy: (i) increase in size of the individual protoplasts, (ii) non oriented division of the protoplasts and (iii) outgrowth of the bacillary forms. with time-lapse photomicrography, reversion sequences of single protoplasts were demonstrated. | 1976 | 815240 |
| selective inhibition of the germination of bacillus megaterium spores by alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates. | | 1976 | 816477 |
| [immunologic properties of bacterial cell walls. stimulation of humoral immunity in the mouse by a reticulated compound resulting from the graft of peptides from the bacillus megaterium cell wall on a polysaccharide]. | | 1975 | 816489 |
| [ultrastructural changes in bacillus megaterium cells immobilized in polyacrylamide gel]. | | 1976 | 817880 |
| purification and properties of a protein factor stimulating peptidoglycan synthesis in toluene- and licl-treated bacillus megaterium cells. | a protein factor, called pg-i, can be solubilized from toluene-treated bacillus megaterium cells by licl extraction. after licl extraction, peptidoglycan synthesis by the toluene-treated cells is decreased. protein pg-i can be added back to the extracted cells to stimulate peptidoglycan synthesis. this factor has now been purified 124-fold. it has a molecular weight of 42,000 as estimated by sephadex gel filtration in the presence of 0.4 m kcl and 52,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate d ... | 1976 | 818080 |
| the primary structure of bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus 5 s ribonucleic acids. | the nucleotide of bacillus stearothermophilus 5 s rna is pc-c-u-a-g-u-g-a-c-a-a-u-a-g-c-g-(g-a-g-a-g-g-)-a-a-a-c-a-c-c-c-g-u-u-c-c-c-a-u-c-c-c-g-a-a-c-a-c-g-g-a-a-g-u-u-a-a-g-c-u-c-u-c-c-a-g-c-g-c-c-g-a-u-g-g-u-a-g-u-u-g-g-g-g-c-c-a-g-c-g-c-c-c-c-u-g-c-a-a-g-a-g-u-a-g-g-u-c-g-u-u-g-c-u-a-g-g-coh; the nucelotide sequence of bacillus subtilis 5 s rna is pu-u-u-g-g-u-g-g-c-g-a-u-a-g-c-g-a-a-g-a-g-g-u-c-a-c-a-c-c-c-g-u-u-c-c-c-a-u-a-c-c-g-a-a-c-a-c-g-g-a-a-g-u-u-a-a-g-c-u-c-u-u-c-a-g-c-g-c-c-g-a-u-g ... | 1976 | 818086 |
| fusion of protoplasts of bacillus megaterium. | protoplasts of two doubly auxotrophis strains of bacillus megaterium were fused by nascent calcium phosphate or by polyethylene glycol treatment, and then allowed to revert to bacillary form on selection media. the colonies formed were analyzed and found to be mixed populations of individual bacteria apparently containing parental, recombinant, and segregating genotypes. the evidence suggested that segregation was transitory, lasting only for a few clonings and reisolations. | 1976 | 819933 |
| ribosomal precursor particles of bacillus megaterium. | pulse-labeled cells of bacillus megaterium were converted to protoplasts, and lysates of the protoplasts were analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation. precursor ribonucleoprotein (rnp) particles then appeared predominantly as 50s and 30s precursor ribosomal subunits. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid from the 50s and 30s rnp particles confirmed their precursor nature since they were shown to contain precursor 23s and 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid, respectiv ... | 1976 | 820684 |
| [study of the antigenic affinity between bacillus megaterium h. and ehrlich cancer cells in an anaphylaxis reaction with desensitization]. | | 1976 | 820951 |
| outgrowth of bacillus megaterium spores in the presence of nitrate and ammonium ions. | nitrate or ammonium ions, but not nitrite ion, supplied the nitrogen required for outgrowth of bacillus megaterium qm b1551 spores through the first cell division. this outgrowth was markedly favored by k(+). | 1976 | 821915 |
| ferric hydroxamate transport without subsequent iron utilization in bacillus megaterium. | iron transport and utilization were examined in bacillus megaterium ard1, a mutant that is resistant to the hydroxymate antibiotic a22765 and whose growth is inhibited by the structurally similar hydroxamate desferal. rapid, low-level uptake of desferal-50fe was observed; such uptake was temperature and energy independent. gel filtration chromatography of the cytoplasmic fraction of protoplasts labeled with desferal-55fe for 30 to 120 s demonstrated only unchanged esferal-55fe in the cytoplasm. ... | 1976 | 821926 |
| inhibition of rna synthesis in chlorella pyrenoidosa and bacillus megaterium by the pine-blight toxin, dothistromin. | dosthistromin, an anthraquinone derivative produced by the pine-blight fungus, dothistroma pini, inhibits the growth of chlorella pyrenoidosa and bacillus megaterium. at growth inhibitory concentrations, dothistromin strongly inhibits incorporation of [3h]uridine into rna of both species. with b. megaterium, marked inhibition of [3h]uridine incorporation is apparent within 5 min of addition of dothistromin, but only a slight inhibition of [3h]thymidine incorporation into the dna-containing fract ... | 1976 | 822126 |
| commitment to sporulation in bacillus megaterium and uptake of specific compounds. | commitment of bacillus megaterium cells to continue the sporulation process was tested at different times during the developmental period with respect to either addition of different carbon sources (sugars or amino acids) or dilution into media containing these. organisms grown in minimal medium containing sucrose as sole carbon source were committed earliest with respect to aspartic or glutamic acid as sole carbon source, later with respect to fructose, glucose, glycerol or sucrose, and latest ... | 1976 | 822129 |
| cation exchange in cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. | the relative affinities of various cations for anionic sites in isolated, bacterial cell walls were assessed by means of a technique involving displacement of one cation by another. the affinity series determined was h+ greater than la3+ greater than cd2+ greater than sr2+ greater than ca2+ greater than mg2+ greater than k+ greater than na+ greater than li+. high affinity was correlated with low mobility of the bound ions in an electric field. the net cation-exchange capacities of walls isolated ... | 1976 | 822931 |
| identification of an isolated protein essential for peptidoglycan synthesis as the n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. | we have identified a protein extractable from bacillus megaterium membranes by licl as the enzyme in peptidoglycan synthesis which catalyzes the transfer of n-acetylglucosamine from udp-n-acetylglucosamine to n-acetyl-d-muramyl-l-analyl-d-gamma-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine-p-p-lipid. this identification demonstrates the isolation and characterization of a membrane-associated enzyme involved in a complex series of reactions without the ready availability of a substrate for the ... | 1976 | 823160 |
| [antiblastic properties of penicilli. i. the comparative activity of penicilli in relation to staphylococcus aureus 209 uf3 and bacillus megaterium h]. | | 1976 | 823396 |
| superactivation of neutral proteases: acylation with n-hydroxysuccinimide esters. | a series n-hydroxysuccinimide esters of acylamino acids previously shown to acylate and thereby increase the activity of thermolysin by several orders of magnitude (blumberg, s., and vallee, b. l. (1975), biochemistry 14, 2410) has been used to modify the related neutral proteases from bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, and aeromonas proteolytica. each of these enzymes is activated to a level characteristic of the particular protein and the particular acyl group incorpporated when monitored ... | 1976 | 823965 |
| mode of action of penicillins in vivo and in vitro in bacillus megaterium. | a new system in which the in vivo and in vitro formation of cross-links in the peptidoglycan of bacillus megaterium can be compared directly has been developed. the method for the determination of the in vivo cross-linking consists of lysozyme digestion of acetylated [(14)c]diaminopimelic acid-labeled cells and bio-gel p-6 gel filtration of the digest. the elution profile indicates the cell wall synthesized in vivo consists of highly cross-linked fractions (44%), bisdisaccharide peptide(s) (38%) ... | 1976 | 825031 |
| use of auxotrophic mutants to isolate ll- or dd-isomers of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid. | pseudomonas aeruginosa pac7 (a mutant deficient in diaminopimelate epimerase), excreted diaminopimelate (solely ll-isomer) after growth in a minimal medium plus lysine with succinate as carbon source. more diaminopimelate was excreted when bacteria were transferred at the end of the exponential phase of growth into fresh minimal medium without lysine but supplemented with pyrivate and additional (nh4)2so4. the excreted ll-isomer was isolated from the culture filtrate by ion-exchange chromatograp ... | 1976 | 825609 |
| [20alpha- and 20beta-reduction of steroids by immobilized enzyme preparations and bacillus megaterium cells]. | cells of bacillus megaterium immobilized due to incorporation into polyacrylamide gel retained their viability. they differed significantly in their enzymic activity from free cells: 20alpha- and 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activites were substantially decreased and they also showed the capacity to synthesize significant quantities of a new derivative and to destruct steroids. immobolized protein fractions maintained 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrog ... | 1976 | 825852 |
| oligomeric intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis in bacillus megaterium. | an oligomeric intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of peptidoglycan was isolated from b. megaterium. the oligomer has been identified as [disaccharide(pentapeptide)]12 pyrophosphoryl undecaprenol. | 1976 | 825860 |
| [variations of enzymatic activities in an asporogenic mutant of bacillus megaterium for various nutritional deficiencies]. | an asporogenous mutant of bacillus megaterium km, blocked at stage i of sporulation, is cultivated in different conditions which usually lead to sporulation (nitrogen, carbon, phosphate starvation). aklaline phosphatase appears only in inorganic phosphate starvation like the wild type, but a glucose dehydrogenase activity also appears in phosphate starvation and so, is dissociated from sporulation. | 1976 | 826332 |
| effects of some -oh scavengers on the radiation sensitization of bacterial spores by p-nitroacetophenone and o2 in suspension. | spores of bacillus megaterium were irradiated in suspension with 50 kvp x-rays under three reference conditions: in anoxia (i.e., 100 per cent n2); in anoxia with 2mm p-nitroacetophenone (pnap), a concentration that shows the maximum amount of sensitization by this agent; and in air. the responses were then measured when different concentrations of an hydroxyl radical scavenger were also present. allyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, t-butanol, ethanol, glycerol, the formate ion, and methanol were the ... | 1976 | 826496 |
| purification and properties of a specific proteolytic enzyme present in spores of bacillus magaterium. | a proteolytic enzyme with high activity on the specific, low molecular weight dormant spore proteins (termed a and b proteins) degraded during spore germination has been purified approximately 1000-fold from bacillus megaterium spores. this enzyme accounts for greater than 85% of the proteolytic activity toward the a and b proteins in crude spore extracts. the protease has a ph optimum of approximately 7.5, is inactivated by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and edta (10 mm), and is inhibited approx ... | 1976 | 826539 |
| toxicity and accumulation of thallium in bacteria and yeast. | thallium sulphate inhibited microbial growth, with bacillus megaterium km more sensitive to the metal than saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. inhibition of b. megaterium km and s. cerevisiae, but not of e. coli, was alleviated by increasing the potassium concentration of the medium; inhibition of respiration of s. cerevisiae, but not of e. coli, was similarly alleviated. thallium was rapidly bound, presumably to cell surfaces, by s. cerevisiae and e. coli, and was progressively accum ... | 1976 | 828024 |
| measurement of cellular copper levels in bacillus megaterium during exponential growth and sporulation. | both atomic absorption spectrophotometry (aas) and neutron activation analysis have been utilized to determine cellular cu levels in bacillus megaterium atcc 19213. both methods were selected for their sensitivity to detection of nanogram quantities of cu. data from both methods demonstrated identical patterms of cu uptake during exponenetial growth and sporulation. late exponential phase cells contained less cu than postexponential t2 cells while t5 cells contained amounts equivalent to exponen ... | 1976 | 829580 |