| sporicidal activity of peracetic acid against b anthracis spores. | the sporicidal effect of peracetic acid on bacillus anthracis spores was investigated. a complete sporicidal effect was observed at a concentration of 3 per cent. this concentration is recommended for the treatment of infected pastures and soil. | 1976 | 817438 |
| [study of the antagonistic action of actinomycetes on anthrax bacilli]. | capacity for the growth inhibition of the highly virulent causative agent of siberia plague was studied with respect to actinomycetous strains from soil samples of the ukraine. it was found that on nutrient media 88.4, 88.9, 88.1 and 93.4% of the isolates inhibited the growth of bac. anthracis, bac. cereus, bac. mycoides and tsenkovsky vaccine strain respectively. representatives of very different taxonomic groups were found among the antagonistic actinomycetes. clearance of the soil from siberi ... | 1975 | 817657 |
| anthrax in captive carnivores in ibadan, nigeria. | between 20 and 22 june 1974, three captive carnivores (two genets, genetta sp. and one caracal, felis caracal) died suddenly in the university of ibadan zoological garden without previous signs of illness. bacillus anthracis was isolated from their blood and tissues. the organism was highly pathogenic to laboratory animals. the disease was believed to have been contracted from meat fed the animals. | 1976 | 819662 |
| antibacterial effect of some phenothiazine compounds and r-factor elimination by chlorpromazine. | chlorpromazine, levopromazine and promethazine exerted a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive bacteria at 20-60 mug/ml, on gram-negative bacteria at 130-180 mug/ml concentration. of the three compounds, chlorpromazine had the most marked bactericidal effect on cultures of bacillus anthracis growing in minimal medium. in addition, chlorpromazine had a significant bactericidal effect on the resting cells of escherichia coli suspended in saline. pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to phenothiazi ... | 1976 | 820163 |
| [dissociative phases and pathogenicity of different species of the bacillus genus]. | the previously postulated hypothesis, according to which different species of the genus bacillus show strictly similar morphological and biological properties when the same variants are considered, has been confirmed by the present research. the "s" (smooth) variants of the five studied species (b. anthracis, b. subtilis, b. cereus, b. megaterium, b. mesentericus) are all lethal, at the experimented dose, for mice, whereas the "r" (rough, "star-shaped" colonies) variant of the same strains of th ... | 1975 | 820277 |
| effect of plant lectins on gamma phage receptor sites of bacillus anthracis. | | 1976 | 820896 |
| [action of washing agents of yeast-like fungi of the genus candida and on bacilli]. | | 1976 | 820949 |
| [indirect hemagglutination via glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes for determining anti-anthrax antibodies]. | the so-called passive hemagglutination reaction is used in this country to determine the serum level of anthrax antibodies in immunized individuals. use is made of an erythrocyte diagnostic means prepared from formalin- and tannin-treated sheep erythrocytes that have been sensibilized with a protective anthrax antigen. an attempt has been made to replace this means by another one obtained by treating the same erythrocytes with glutaric aldehyde. comparative studies reveal that the new diagnostic ... | 1976 | 821212 |
| [characteristics of the anthrax vaccinal strain sti-1 preserved for 30 years in the form of lyophilized spores]. | a study was made of the biological properties of the spore culture of anthrax vaccine strain sti-1 lyophilized in 1944 and kept for 30 years without any passages. this dry culture contained not less than 29% of live spores; the culture growth in the nutrient broth and on the agar medium was typical for the strain. immunogenicity tested in experiments on guinea pigs and rabbits was not reduced and corresponded to that of the reference sti-1 vaccine. | 1976 | 821278 |
| characteristics of phage ap50, an rna phage containing phospholipids. | a bacteriophage specific for bacillus anthracis was isolated and designated as ap50. the nucleic acid of phage ap50 is rna and the virion contains five different phospholipids. some physical and biological characteristics of the phage, including morphology, were examined. to the best of our knowledge, this rna bacteriophage containing phospholipids is the first to be isolated for a gram-positive host. | 1976 | 822131 |
| [purification of a protective anthrax preparation]. | an attempt was made to standardize conditions for obtaining a protective anthrax preparation. a technological scheme permitting to produce 80 mg of a purified lyophilized protective preparation with the activity of 32 immunizing units was applied. it was accepted that 1 iu was the minimal amount of the preparation which provided a survival with the mean time index of 3.0+/-0.5 of guinea pigs after a double immunization at an interval of 14 days. in vitro 1 iu also represented a minimal amount of ... | 1976 | 822659 |
| [production and study of anthrax antigen. i. nutrient medium for production of native anthrax protective antigen]. | the authors present the results of studies concerning the choice of nutrient bases and elaboration of a medium for obtaining anthrax protective antigen providing an active preparation. filtrates of crude cultures obtained on the nutrient medium prepared of 3% hydrochloric hydrolyzate of fish flour, corn extract, glucose, sodium bicarbonate and mineral salts proved to be the most active. tests for determination of usefulness of the culture fluids with the maximum content in them of the protective ... | 1976 | 822662 |
| [study of the duration of immunity in sheep inoculated with anthrax vaccines]. | | 1976 | 826010 |
| [preparation and study of the anthrax protective antigen. ii. development of test preparations for the assessment of the quality of anthrax chemical vaccines and of the antigens obtained at various stages of its preparation]. | a homogeneous anthrax protective antigen (from the st-i strain) characterized by a high immunogenicity and stability was obtained. hyperimmune, monospecific to this preparation antiserum was prepared. it is suggested that these preparations can be used for the assessment of the quality of the anthrax chemical vaccine and of the antigens obtained at various stages of its preparation. | 1976 | 827163 |
| [neguvon as stimulator of viral reproduction and plaque formation of phages lysing bacillus anthracis]. | | 1976 | 827194 |
| [from the history of the practical introduction of sti vaccine]. | | 1976 | 828794 |
| [preparation of anthrax vaccines using the akm-sh apparatus]. | | 1976 | 828795 |
| [fractionation of the mixture of volatile with steam components of propolis and the study of their antimicrobial activity]. | | 1976 | 828845 |
| [control of anthrax in the zoological garden of kabul using a living vaccine]. | | 1977 | 832760 |
| survival of a patient with intestinal anthrax. | a patient with intestinal anthrax, the first documented surviving patient to be described in detail, presented with an acute condition within the abdomen. intestinal anthrax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal conditions in areas in which anthrax is prevalent, especially when a history is available of ingesting putrid or improperly cooked meat. clinical and therapeutic details are given as a guide in future cases. | 1977 | 835581 |
| epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of bovine anthrax in two utah counties in 1975. | | 1977 | 847090 |
| [testing of an associated vaccine against anthrax and infectious ovine enterotoxemia]. | | 1977 | 847893 |
| erysipelothrix insidiosa recovered from sylvatic mammals in northwestern canada during examinations for rabies and anthrax. | | 1977 | 861922 |
| pulmonary anthrax in cattle. | | 1977 | 888314 |
| [anthrax in dairy cattle in quebec]. | | 1976 | 974979 |
| [anthrax morbidity in the ukrainian ssr]. | | 1976 | 1014350 |
| [epidemiologic effectiveness of anthrax vaccine sti]. | | 1976 | 1015076 |
| anthrax meningitis. report of two cases with autopsies. | the authors report two cases of occupation-related anthrax meningitis; one was direct contamination from a diseased animal; the second was due to handling of bone powder imported from india. the pathological pattern of involvement of the meninges and brain is described and discussed. | 1976 | 1015242 |
| zoonoses in cyprus. past and present including a comment on the public health. | | 1976 | 1025037 |
| [effect of vaccination on the reproductive function of animals]. | | 1976 | 1027215 |
| [effect of ultraviolet ray-irradiated autogenous blood on hematological indices in horses]. | comparative clinical and experimental investigations were carried out on 18 clinically normal horses. it was found that the single transfusion of in vitro uv-treated autogenous blood, following a previously described method, was tolerated well by horses and did not lead to any deviations from the normal indices. under the effect of the treated blood there was an increase in the hemoglobin content, rise in the erythrocyte and leukocyte count with slightly expressed hyperleukocytosis and weak neut ... | 1976 | 1030866 |
| epidemiology of anthrax. | | 1976 | 1032644 |
| [anthrax; preventive measures]. | | 1975 | 1038368 |
| [anthrax]. | | 1975 | 1038738 |
| anthrax. | | 1976 | 1044118 |
| anthrax. | | 1976 | 1045256 |
| [preparation and comparative evaluation of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on animals]. | the authors present the results of studies on obtaining and comparative assessment of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on various animals. donkeys, sheep, horses, rabbits and monkeys (papio hamadryas) were immunized with the sti-i vaccine by a single scheme. the activity of the obtained sera was tested in the diffuse precipitation reaction by the amount of the detected antibodies and the titre. the most active sera were obtained from donkeys and sheep: their titre was 5.5 and ... | 1975 | 1124613 |
| [favorable outcome of anthrax with an unusual localization]. | | 1975 | 1136396 |
| [case report of anthrax treated at the infectious diseases department]. | | 1975 | 1143191 |
| [a case of anthrax]. | | 1975 | 1154729 |
| bacillus anthracic meningitis. | bacillus anthracis is an uncommon cause of meniningitis. the characteristic hemorrhagic features in two patients who died despite antibiotic treatment are presented and discussed. | 1975 | 1168871 |
| an outbreak of anthrax in the mondoro tribal trust lands. | | 1975 | 1170020 |
| [infectious animal diseases in europe during 1974]. | | 1975 | 1171534 |
| anthrax in england and wales 1963-1972. | the records of confirmed anthrax diagnoses held by the bacteriology department of the central veterinary laboratory, weybridge, for the years 1963 to 1972 inclusive, were analysed. during this decade, 86 per cent of the 2944 deaths recorded were in cattle and 11 per cent in pigs, correlating significantly with the cattle and pig populations in england and wales during this period. also, the country could be separated into high and low prevalence counties for cattle anthrax. norfolk and somerset ... | 1975 | 1179615 |
| epizootic of anthrax in falls county, texas. | an epizootic of anthrax in eastern falls county, texas, killed at least 238 animals during a 6-week period ending july 31, 1974. infection appeared to be caused by the ingestion of contaminated soil and grass in the drought-stricken central texas area. the participation of the texas department of agriculture, the texas national guard, and other state agencies was of great assistance to the texas animal health commission in handling the epizootic and panic stricken public. use of the unencapsulat ... | 1975 | 1184447 |
| dermatology in shiraz, iran. | | 1975 | 1198699 |
| letter: an anthrax outbreak. | | 1975 | 1198877 |
| [study of the possibility of using penicillin and a specific globulin for treating the anthracic infectious process in an irradiated organism]. | comparative efficacy of the specific globulin and penicillin in the treatment of siberia ulcer infection was studied on 160 guinea pigs and 400 albino mice irradiated with co60 gama-rays in sublethal doses. it was found that penicillin preserved its efficiency, while the curative effect of the specific globulin significantly decreased in the irradiated animals. | 1975 | 1211888 |
| [case of septic form of anthrax with agranulocytosis]. | | 1975 | 1223581 |
| respiratory-tract infections in the tropics. | | 1975 | 1223852 |
| a fatal case of pulmonary anthrax. | | 1976 | 1260311 |
| clinical pathological exercise. intestinal anthrax. | | 1976 | 1264466 |
| control of product batches (before and after registration). the belgian approach. | a review is given on the registration procedure and controls of veterinary vaccines in belgium. an obligatory registration procedure was installed in 1969, and has since been modified several times. the belgian approach for control of veterinary vaccines before and after registration is explained. controls before registration are often carried out exclusively by the manufacturer and are described in the registration file. controls may, however, also be carried out by an independent laboratory if ... | 1992 | 1286756 |
| narrowing the zone of uncertainty between research and development in biological warfare defense. | although "research" is not prohibited by the biological weapons convention, states parties to the convention have maintained the spirit of the convention in actions relating to research. the confidence-building measures agreed to at rc2 refer to research facilities, publication of research results, and promotion of contacts between scientists engaged in research related to the convention. however, assessment of basic research on biological agents is not a productive way to distinguish an offensi ... | 1992 | 1297276 |
| koch's postulates and the etiology of aids: an historical perspective. | this paper examines the debate over the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from an historical perspective. the changing criteria for proving the link between putative pathological agents and diseases are discussed, beginning with robert koch's research on anthrax in the late nineteenth century. various versions of 'koch's postulates' are analyzed in relation to the necessity and sufficiency arguments of logical reasoning. in addition, alt ... | 1992 | 1342726 |
| [epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of anthrax in patients at the university hospital in split 1956-1987]. | this paper discusses the epidemiological and some clinical characteristics of 61 patients who were diagnosed as having anthrax at the department of infectious diseases, university hospital split in the period from january 1, 1956, to december 31, 1987. the pathogenesis of the disease is also reviewed. clinical diagnosis was confirmed in 36 (59.02%) patients, 32 (52.46%) were diagnosed by microscopic examination of gram's stained smears and 4 (6.56%) patients by cutaneous lesion fluid culture. in ... | 1992 | 1343041 |
| cutaneous anthrax due to penicillin-resistant bacillus anthracis transmitted by an insect bite. | | 1992 | 1353216 |
| purification of bacterial exotoxins. the case of botulinum, tetanus, anthrax, pertussis and cholera toxins. | bacterial protein toxins and their fragments have been isolated and purified for various reasons, including the development of efficient vaccines and for methods of identification of bacterial agents causing disease. this activity continues today but a new area of bacterial protein toxin research has recently emerged. since it was shown that toxin molecules comprise several types of biological activity within their structural domains, it was suggested to use these domains (and their combinations ... | 1992 | 1369426 |
| comparative analysis of 23s ribosomal rna gene sequences of bacillus anthracis and emetic bacillus cereus determined by pcr-direct sequencing. | the primary structures of the 23s ribosomal rna genes of bacillus anthracis and an emetic strain of bacillus cereus were determined by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified chromosomal dna. the 23s rrna gene sequences of b. anthracis and b. cereus were found to be almost identical and showed only two differences (a single nucleotide change, and a single base insertion in b. cereus). the feasibility of using pcr-direct sequencing for the rapid sequence determination of large-subunit rrna g ... | 1992 | 1381695 |
| ion channel and membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin. | diphtheria toxin is the best studied member of a family of bacterial protein toxins which act inside cells. to reach their cytoplasmic targets, these toxins, which include tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and anthrax toxin, have to cross the hydrophobic membrane barrier. all of them have been shown to form ion channels across planar lipid bilayer and, in the case of diphtheria toxin, also in the plasma membrane of cells. a relation between the ion channel and the process of membrane translocati ... | 1992 | 1384590 |
| serum concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin during prolonged therapy in rhesus monkeys. | concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were measured by bioassay in sera of rhesus monkeys treated with these drugs for inhalation anthrax. antibiotic doses were determined on the basis of published serum concentration data from humans and comparative body surface area calculations for humans and rhesus monkeys. the antibiotics were well tolerated. serum peak and trough concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively, averaged 2.7 and 0.8, 1.31 an ... | 1992 | 1402033 |
| [comparison of therapeutic effects of antibiotics of the tetracycline group in the treatment of anthrax caused by a strain inheriting tet-gene of plasmid pbc16]. | in vivo and in vitro efficacy of tetracyclines was studied with respect to anthracic infection induced by a tetracycline-resistant resistant strain containing plasmid pbc16. the plasmid-containing strain was resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline, the mics exceeding those for the initial strain 500, 640 and 80 times, respectively. there was no therapeutic effect of tetracycline and doxycycline in the treatment and urgent prophylaxis of anthracic infection caused by the tetracycli ... | 1992 | 1417313 |
| [where is the diagnosis of anthrax?]. | the large use of antibiotics entailed a dizzy fall of the bacteriological positivity in diagnosis of acute anthrax, from 98-100% to 25% in average. common serological methods are of low sensitivity and not so confluent. the more sophisticated methods (elisa, eitb) are of a much better sensitivity but their employment in field epidemiological investigations is difficult and does not be suitable for a retrospective diagnosis. these inconveniences can be successfully surmounted by use of the anthra ... | 1992 | 1422271 |
| anthrax toxin protective antigen is activated by a cell surface protease with the sequence specificity and catalytic properties of furin. | proteolytic cleavage of the protective antigen (pa) protein of anthrax toxin at residues 164-167 is necessary for toxic activity. cleavage by a cellular protease at this sequence, arg-lys-lys-arg, normally follows binding of pa to a cell surface receptor. we attempted to identify this protease by determining its sequence specificity and catalytic properties. semi-random cassette mutagenesis was used to generate mutants with replacements of residues 164-167 by arg, lys, ser, or asn. analysis of 1 ... | 1992 | 1438214 |
| observations on an outbreak of anthrax in pigs in north wales. | nineteen pigs in a 500 sow herd died from anthrax over a period of 95 days. this paper describes some of the problems encountered and how they were dealt with, including the risks to public health, the disposal of slurry and the cleansing and disinfection of the premises after the herd was slaughtered. | 1992 | 1441152 |
| an epidemic of human anthrax--a study. | twenty-five cases of human anthrax, occurring after contact with a jercy cow infected with b. anthracis and consumption of its improperly cooked meat after death, were reported. cutaneous anthrax was the predominant variety in 18 persons, 7 had intestinal anthrax, out of them 2 children died, 5 adults survived and one among them developed associated cutaneous anthrax also. all the persons with cutaneous anthrax recovered with treatment. | 1992 | 1452238 |
| biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in j774 macrophage-like cells. | experiments were performed to probe the mechanism by which bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (letx) causes lysis of j774 macrophage-like cells. after incubation of cells with saturating concentrations of the toxin, two categories of effects were found, which were distinguishable on the basis of chronology, ca(2+)-dependence, and sensitivity to osmolarity. the earliest events (category i), beginning 45 min postchallenge, were an increase in permeability to 22na and 86rb and a rapid conversion of at ... | 1992 | 1457831 |
| regulation of pag gene expression in bacillus anthracis: use of a pag-lacz transcriptional fusion. | the production of protective antigen (pa), the common component of the two anthrax toxins, is influenced by the environment. in order to examine factors involved in its regulation, a transcriptional fusion between the promoter region of the pa gene (pag) and the lacz gene was constructed and introduced into bacillus anthracis sterne. activity of the pag promoter was followed by measuring beta-galactosidase activities under various growth and medium conditions. expression from the pag promoter wa ... | 1992 | 1459423 |
| outbreak of anthrax in pigs. | | 1992 | 1466126 |
| familial outbreak of agricultural anthrax in an area of northern italy. | three cases of cutaneous anthrax are reported which occurred in a farming family in northern italy. epidemiological studies revealed contact with an infected cow (delivery of a stillborn fetus and slaughter). the cow was slaughtered soon after the delivery; cultures of carcass specimens yielded growth of bacillus anthracis. the origin of the animal infection was not known. serum samples were obtained from all 11 members of the family group and randomly from 10 of the 75 cows on the farm, which a ... | 1992 | 1468425 |
| investigational drugs & vaccines. | | 1992 | 1470369 |
| the plague of athens. | | 1992 | 1474568 |
| anthrax of the eyelids. | anthrax is a disease caused by bacillus anthracis. the disease affects primarily herbivores including sheep, cattle, horses, and other domestic animals. humans may rarely be affected. we examined one male and two female patients with a localised itchy erythematous papule of the eyelid. a necrotising ulcer formed in each of the three cases resulting in a black lesion. scraping in each case showed gram positive rods and culture grew bacillus anthracis. all three patients responded to the intraveno ... | 1992 | 1486081 |
| adaptation to environment--the pasteur anthrax vaccine in australia. | | 1992 | 1492828 |
| functional characterization of protease-treated bacillus anthracis protective antigen. | characterization of the functional domains of bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa, 83-kda), the common cellular binding molecule for both anthrax edema toxin and anthrax lethal toxin, is important for understanding the mechanism of entry and action of the anthrax toxins. in this study, we generated both biologically active (facilitates killing of j774a.1 cells in combination with lethal factor, lf) and inactive preparations of pa by protease treatment. limited proteolytic digestion of pa i ... | 1992 | 1512256 |
| [determining the sensitivity of anthrax bacteria to antibiotics for its differentiation from the antibiotic sensitivity of spore-forming saprophytes]. | | 1992 | 1514849 |
| organisation of veterinary public health activities in countries of the eastern mediterranean region. | this review covers the organisation of veterinary public health (vph) activities in countries of the eastern mediterranean region, with reference to zoonoses and hazards to man from foods of animal origin. a study of the region shows that no separate vph units exist within the national veterinary services. although these services are gradually being upgraded and strengthened, most of their resources are spent in controlling serious contagious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, rinde ... | 1992 | 1525424 |
| bacillus anthracis but not always anthrax. | gram-positive bacilli isolated during epidemiological investigations which, on the basis of conventional tests, resemble bacillus anthracis but which fail to produce the capsule or to induce anthrax in test animals have long been dismissed in clinical and veterinary laboratories as b. cereus or simply as unidentified bacillus spp. and thereupon discarded as inconsequential. in this study, the application of newly available dna probe, polymerase chain reaction and specific toxin antigen detection ... | 1992 | 1541596 |
| a monoclonal antibody directed against the catalytic site of bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclase identifies a novel mammalian brain catalytic subunit. | a brain adenylyl cyclase was shown to contain an epitope closely related to that specified by a conserved sequence containing a nucleotide-binding consensus sequence gxxxxgks and located in the catalytic sites of bacterial, calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclases [goyard, s., orlando, c., sabatier, j.-m., labruyere, e., d'alayer, j., fontan, g., van rietschoten, j., mock, m., danchin, a., ullmann, a., & monneron, a. (1989) biochemistry 28, 1964-1967]. a monoclonal antibody, mab 164, produced agai ... | 1992 | 1554706 |
| [concerning: "inhalation anthrax in a textile worker. a non-fatal course" (h. winter and r.m. pfisterer, schweiz. med. wschr. 1991; 121: 832-835)]. | | 1992 | 1557624 |
| post vaccination occurrence of anthrax in cattle. | | 1992 | 1557881 |
| the role of histidine 63 in the catalytic mechanism of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. | of the 9 histidines located in the catalytic domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase, three (his63, his106, and his298) were found to be conserved in the adenylate cyclase of bacillus anthracis, another calmodulin-dependent enzyme. substitution of his63 with arg, glu, gln, or val decreased the catalytic efficiency of adenylate cyclase between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude and altered the kinetic properties of the enzyme. these effects varied in relation to the nature of the substituting r ... | 1992 | 1577816 |
| serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and etosha national park wildlife. | results are presented from a number of epidemiological studies using enzyme immunoassays (eia) based on the purified anthrax toxin antigens, protective antigen, lethal factor and oedema factor. studies on sera from a group of 62 human anthrax patients in turkey and from cattle in britain following two unrelated outbreaks of anthrax show that eia using protective antigen can be a useful diagnostic aid and will detect subclinical infections in appropriate circumstances. a serological survey on wil ... | 1992 | 1582472 |
| detection of spores of bacillus anthracis using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to identify spores of bacillus anthracis. by using an assay capable of amplifying a 1247-bp fragment from the gene that encodes the edema factor of b. anthracis, as few as 10(3) copies of a plasmid containing the edema factor gene and as few as 2 x 10(4) spores were detected. subjecting the product of this pcr to a second pcr designed to amplify a 208-bp fragment nested within the 1247-bp product improved detection to a single plasmid copy per pcr and ... | 1992 | 1583336 |
| modulation of humoral and cellular resistance in children with laryngeal papillomatosis. | as accessory cells in immunity response immunoglobulin and lymphocytes participate in antitumor immunity. quantitative changes in concentrations and numbers were studied once before therapy, without examining the functional state. in order to gain more information on the humoral response during and after treatment, and in cases of recurrence, bactericidal antibodies against b. anthracis were determined by means of 51cr-labeled microbes. the results of the present study show that igg levels were ... | 1992 | 1592559 |
| serum protease cleavage of bacillus anthracis protective antigen. | the protective antigen component of anthrax lethal toxin, produced in vitro, has a molecular mass of 83 kda. cell-culture studies by others have demonstrated that upon binding of the 83 kda protective antigen to cell-surface receptors, the protein is cleaved by an unidentified cell-associated protease activity. the resultant 63 kda protein then binds lethal factor to form lethal toxin, which has been proposed to be internalized by endocytosis. we found that, in the blood of infected animals, the ... | 1992 | 1593265 |
| anthrax in delaware county: a historical perspective. | | 1992 | 1612167 |
| haemorrhagic meningitis due to bacillus anthrax. | | 1992 | 1629129 |
| cutaneous anthrax--a report of ten cases. | the clinical features of ten cases of cutaneous anthrax are reported. six males and four females were affected. their ages ranged from one and a half year to sixty years. the average incubation period was 8 days. fever and headache were common systemic manifestations. pruritus and ulcer with formation of black eschar were typical features. the patients were treated with penicillins and chloramphenicol. there was no mortality. possible human-to-human spread in a patient is discussed. | 1992 | 1634466 |
| fusions of anthrax toxin lethal factor to the adp-ribosylation domain of pseudomonas exotoxin a are potent cytotoxins which are translocated to the cytosol of mammalian cells. | the lethal factor (lf) and edema factor (ef) components of anthrax toxin are toxic to animal cells only if internalized by interaction with the protective antigen (pa) component. pa binds to a cell surface receptor and is proteolytically cleaved to expose a binding site for lf and ef. to study how lf and ef are internalized and trafficked within cells, lf was fused to the translocation and adp-ribosylation domains (domains ii and iii, respectively) of pseudomonas exotoxin a. lf fusion proteins c ... | 1992 | 1639793 |
| human furin is a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that recognizes the sequence arg-x-x-arg and efficiently cleaves anthrax toxin protective antigen. | previous work demonstrated that human furin is a predominantly golgi membrane-localized endoprotease that can efficiently process precursor proteins at paired basic residues (-lys-arg- or -arg-arg-) in transfected cells. anion-exchange chromatography of culture supernatant from cells expressing a soluble truncated form of human furin resulted in a greatly enriched preparation of the endoprotease (approximately 70% pure as determined by protein staining). enzymatic studies show that furin is a ca ... | 1992 | 1644824 |
| the carboxyl-terminal end of protective antigen is required for receptor binding and anthrax toxin activity. | anthrax toxin consists of three separate proteins produced by bacillus anthracis: protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef). previous work showed that the process by which these proteins damage eukaryotic cells begins with binding of pa (83 kda) to cell surface receptors. pa is then cleaved by a cell surface protease so as to expose a high-affinity binding site for lf or ef on the cooh-terminal, receptor-bound, 63-kilodalton fragment. in this report we more closely defin ... | 1991 | 1651334 |
| [the prostaglandin and cyclic nucleotide levels in the organs of mice with experimental anthrax intoxication]. | in this work the influence of bacillus anthracis toxin, introduced intraperitoneally in a dose of ld100, on the content of prostaglandins e and f2 alpha, 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha, thromboxane, camp and cgmp in the lungs, heart, liver and spleen of balb/c mice in the time course of experimental intoxication has been studied. the concentration and proportion of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides have been shown to undergo-sharp changes in all organs under study in the process of intoxicatio ... | 1991 | 1651640 |
| plasmid-associated virulence factors of non-toxigenic (px01-) bacillus anthracis. | the anthrax toxins and capsule, encoded by plasmids px01 and px02, respectively, are the only known virulence factors of bacillus anthracis and are considered essential for full virulence. some b. anthracis strains cured of px01, such as delta ames-1, remained virulent for mice. the virulence was partially mediated by px02, as determined by phage transduction. px02 plasmids from the delta ames-1 and pasteur strains were mutagenized with transposon tn917 to identify loci associated with virulence ... | 1991 | 1654495 |
| anthrax vaccine development: a continuing story. | | 1990 | 1692223 |
| ultrastructure of a bacillus sp. strain kl8 isolated from indoor dust. | a motile gram-positive bacterial strain (kl8) was isolated from indoor dust. it was identified by api-test50 chb as a species of bacillus. this bacillus sp. strain kl8 was described using different electron microscopic techniques: negative staining, thin sectioning, metal shadowing and freeze-etching. an additional surface layer (s-layer) was the outermost layer of the cell wall of this flagellated bacterium. the hexagonally arranged protein lattice covering the cells had a lattice constant abou ... | 1990 | 1693679 |
| voltage-dependent block of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions. effects on macroscopic conductance. | in a recent paper (blaustein, r. o., t. m. koehler, r. j. collier, and a. finkelstein, 1989. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa. 86:2209-2213) we described the general channel-forming properties of the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. in the present paper we extend our previous studies of the permeability properties of this channel, using a series of symmetric tetraalkylammonium (taa) ions. our main finding is that at micromolar concentrations on either the cis (t ... | 1990 | 1704045 |
| voltage-dependent block of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions. single-channel analysis. | previous studies have shown that symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions affect, in a voltage-dependent manner, the conductance of membranes containing many channels formed by the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin. in this paper we analyze this phenomenon at the single-channel level for tetrabutylammonium ion (bu4n+). we find that bu4n+ induces a flickery block of the pa65 channel when present on either side of the membrane, and this block is relieved by large positive voltages on the blocking-ion side. ... | 1990 | 1704046 |
| diffusion limitation in the block by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. | current flow through the channel formed in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin is blocked, in a voltage-dependent manner, by tetraalkylammonium ions (at micromolar concentrations), which bind to a blocking site within the channel lumen. we have presented evidence that diffusion plays a significant role in the kinetics of blocking by tetrabutylammonium ion (bu4n+) from the cis (toxin-containing) side of the membrane (blaustein, r. o., e. j. a. lea, and a. f ... | 1990 | 1704047 |
| channels formed in phospholipid bilayer membranes by diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum and anthrax toxin. | diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum, and anthrax toxin are multipartate toxins, one of the domains of which is (or is presumed to be) an enzyme. cell intoxication requires that the enzymatic portion gain access to the cytosol via endocytosis into an acidic vesicle compartment of the cell. translocation of the enzyme across the vesicular membrane is dependent on the low ph of the vesicle and involves another domain of the toxin; for each of these toxins, that domain is capable of forming channels in p ... | 1990 | 1705290 |