| inhibition of phage infection by pneumococcus capsule. | | 1976 | 8868 |
| biological properties of an immunogenic pneumococcal subcellular preparation. | a subcellular fraction, designated psp-3r, prepared from rough, type 3r streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which affords excellent protection to mice against challenge with smooth organisms of the homologous serotype 3s and significant protection against heterologous challenge with serotypes 1s and 2s. adjuvant enhances the protective capacity of the vaccine but is not necessary for immunogenicity. protection induced by psp-3r can be passively transferred tp normal mice with serum from activ ... | 1976 | 5373 |
| role of polyadenylic acid in a deoxyribonucleic acid-membrane fraction extracted from pneumococci. | after the addition of radioactive polyadenylic acid to cell suspensions of pneumocci, part of the radioactivity becomes associated with a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)-membrane fraction extracted from the cells. a variety of techniques show that a portion of this associated radioactivity may represent oligoadenylates complexed to dna, probaby as part of a ribonucleic acid (rna) component. polyadenylic acid, which had previously been shown to enhance dna synthesis in cell suspensions (firshein and ... | 1976 | 6428 |
| otitis media of infancy and early childhood. a double-blind study of four treatment regimens. | a double-blind, randomized trial of four antimicrobial regimens was conducted in 383 infants and children with acute otitis media. the drugs used were penicillin v, amoxicillin trihydrate, erythromycin estolate, and erythromycin estolate with trisulfapyrimidines. aspiration of middle ear fluid for culture was done before treatment and repeated during treatment if fluid persisted. etiologic bacteria were most commonly pneumococci (31%) or haemophilus sp (22%), and an additional 5% of patients had ... | 1976 | 8980 |
| a survey of isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. | over eight months 130 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for sensitivity to penicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporin and co-trimoxozole. except in one doubtful case all isolates were sensitive to penicillin. all were sensitive to cephalosporin. 6.9 percent is isolates were resistant to co-trimoxozole. it is suggested that penicillin remains the drug of choice in the treatment of pneumococcal infections. | 1976 | 6927 |
| immunoglobulins in maxillary sinus secretion. | the immunoglobin pattern was studied in maxillary sinus secretion of 17 patients with maxillary sinusitis. by single radial immunodiffusion, measurable amounts of igm were found in the secretions of 15 patients, and of iga and igg in the secretion of all patients. in purulent sinus secretion, iga levels were significantly lower than in serous secretion. of the total content of iga in sinus secretion, 30% (purulent secretion) and 43% (serous secretion) were calculated to be locally produced, on a ... | 1976 | 7915 |
| current resistence situation in a surgical and urological department. | spectrum and sensitivity of bacteria were studied at the surgical (534 positive wound smears) and the urological clinics (7879 urine specimens). krankenhaus nordwest, frankfurt/m., during the period of 1969-1971 and in 1973. the most common organisms identified in wound smears were e. coli, followed by staph. areus, aerobacter and proteus species. e. coli were also predominant in urine, but followed by enterococci, proteus and pseudomonas. e. coli, proteus species and especially pseudomonas incr ... | 1976 | 9344 |
| neonatal infection with mouse thymic virus: effects on cells regulating the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | mice infected neonatally with mouse thymic virus (ta) were evaluated at different ages with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (pfc) response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii), as well as the degree of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (t) cell activity present. b cell activity matured rapidly from 2 to 4 weeks of age and was not affected by ta infection. amplifier t cell activity matured progressively over the first 8 weeks of life and was transiently s ... | 1976 | 5561 |
| letter: diagnostic value of the detection of specific polysaccharides by counterelectrophoresis in meningitis in children. 50 cases. | | 1976 | 6946 |
| factors influencing the immune enhancement of intrapulmonary bactericidal mechanisms. | the effect of specific immunization on the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the murine lung was assessed against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus (smith), serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. immunization by aerosol inhalation significantly enhanced the intrapulmonary killing of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis but not the remaining organisms. with p. mirabilis, systemic immunization induce ... | 1976 | 9364 |
| prolonged pneumococcal meningitis due to an organism with increased resistance to penicillin. | for more than 30 years, penicillin has been the agent of choice for pneumococcal infections. during this time the majority of strains of streptococcus pneumoniae have been highly susceptible to penicillin. however, during the last ten years there have been sporadic reports of pneumococci with increased resistance to penicillin. the case report of an 18-month-old white boy with meningitis due to a strain of s. pneumoniae with increased resistance to penicillin is presented. the mic of the organis ... | 1976 | 8756 |
| defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys. | mechanisms producing hypertriglyceridemia during bacterial sepsis have not been well defined. in this study lipid disposal mechanisms were assessed in 76 infected and 19 control male rhesus monkeys by the ability to dispose of triglycerides after: (1) oral lipid loading; (2) intravenous lipid loading; and (3) by lipolytic enzyme activity tests as measured by postheparin lipolytic activity (phla). studies were performed both before and 48 hr after intravenous inoculation with either salmonella ty ... | 1976 | 5648 |
| immune response to acute otitis media: association between middle ear fluid antibody and the clearing of clinical infection. | clearing of the middle ear fluid in patients with acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae was significantly associated with the presence and concentration of specific antibody in the middle ear fluid at the time of diagnosis. | 1976 | 9424 |
| calcium-requiring step in the uptake of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules through the surface of competent pneumococci. | the conversion of surface-adsorbed deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) molecules to a state in which they are inaccessible to exogenous deoxyribonuclease requires specifically calcium ions; magnesium ions cannot replace calcium ions. virtually maximal levels of nuclease-resistant dna binding and genetic transformation can be obtained in media free from magnesium and containing only calcium ions. it is suggested that the calcium-requiring process is the transport of dna molecules across the plasma membra ... | 1976 | 7544 |
| effect of capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae on host resistance to bacterial infections. i. induction of increased susceptibility to infections in mice. | when klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (cps-k) from type 1, kasuya strain, was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) immediately before i.p. bacterial challenge, the survival time of mice infected with salmonella enteritidis nub 1 (virulent strain) was shortened and the mortality rate for mice infected with s. enteritidis nub 31 (avirulent strain) was enhanced. the promotion of infection with s. enteritidis nub 1 by cps-k depended upon its dose, the effect of cps-k being demonstrable up ... | 1976 | 9528 |
| a case of pneumococcal typhlitis. | a 29-year-old man had abdominal pain for 24 hours. this and the results of an abdominal examination were typical of acute appendicitis. he had suffered sinusitis for two weeks. at operation, the appendix was normal; there was an abscess in the cecal wall, the exudate of which grew pneumococci. incidental appendectomy was done and the patient was treated successfully with lincomycin hydrochloride, and later, cephalexin monohydrate. it is possible that the typhlitis was secondary to the upper resp ... | 1976 | 8028 |
| comlete vaccination of calves. | | 1976 | 8866 |
| antigenemia in fulminant pneumococcemia. | two asplenic patients with fulminant pneumococcemia developed purpura and coagulopathy. levels of c3 and c4 in the serum were low. both patients had high levels of circulating capsular polysaccharide, and one patient had visible diplococci on a smear of the peripheral blood. pneumococcal group c polysaccharide (c-substance) was detected in the serum of one of the patients. possible pathogenetic relation of circulating pneumococcal antigens to the development of coagulopathy in pneumococcemia is ... | 1976 | 5936 |
| cellular immunity against bacteria (intracellular and extracellular parasites) in experimentally aged rats (author's transl). | the authors study the activity of res in rats with progeria-like syndrome of selye, at the occasion of a repeated infection with bacteria--intracellular parasites (brucella abortus 19) and bacteria--extracellular parasites (diplococcus pneumoniae). they establish that immunization improves the activity of res of the experimentally aged rats; still, its phagocytic and digestive functions remain by far feebler than those of the rats unsubjected to experimental ageing. by the aged animals the res i ... | 1976 | 8877 |
| partial regain of activity in heterologous recombinants of phosphorylcholine-binding m-components from different species. | recombination experiments were performed with heavy and light chains derived from a waldenström's igm with specificity against phosphorylcholine. the recombinant molecules had an association constant for phosphorylcholine in the same order of magnitude as the native igm; the number of binding sites at saturation was only slightly decreased in the reconstituted molecules, indicating regain of binding activity after recombination of igm heavy and light chains. heterologous recombinants obtained wi ... | 1976 | 7630 |
| postsplenectomy sepsis due to influenzal viremia and pneumococcemia. | a 31-year-old man, who had undergone splenectomy 18 months previously because of hereditary spherocytosis, suddenly became ill, with fever, vomiting, epigastric pain and shock, and died 10 hours after the onset of his symptoms. autopsy showed influenzal viremia, pneumococcemia and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. the rapid course of the patient's illness emphasizes the serious risk of sepsis for individuals who have had a splenectomy. anti-influenza immunization in such patients should be considere ... | 1976 | 8205 |
| continued or discontinued administration of antimicrobial agents in patients of the cara group. | | 1976 | 7756 |
| resistance against intra- and extracellular bacteria in experimentally aged rats (author's transl). | the authors study the cellular activity of res against the microbes intracellular and extracellular parasites in rats with pronounced progeria-like syndrome of selye. res of the experimentally aged animals copes, through with a certain delay, with the invading extracellular bacterium diplococcus pneumoniae, but is utterly helpless against the intracellular microbe br. abortus 19. these relations are completly inverted in the rats that have not been experimentally aged. | 1976 | 8878 |
| interaction of listeria monocytogenes and influenza in an animal model. | this study was designed to investigate the effects of viruses in the pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes. the organisms used in this study were: listeria monocytogenes type 1 isolated from a local fatal case; mouse adapted influenza a/pr8/34 (honi); streptococcus pneumoniae group b (u.m. med. ctr.) and poliovirus type 2 mef--g3m2. balb-c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with one ld50 of listeria monocytogenes. ten days later, the survivors were challenged intransally with 10 ld50 of inf ... | 1976 | 10263 |
| antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin and ampicillin. | single equimolar oral doses of bacampicillin and ampicillin were given to 9 healthy subjects on a crossover randomized basis. data were interpreted in terms of a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic open model. intestinal absorption of bacampicillin was found to be faster and more complete than that of ampicillin, yielding an increase in bioavailability of 30% to 40% as measured by the area under serum levels curve, the urinary excretion and absorption rate constants. after the administration of bacamp ... | 1976 | 6181 |
| genetic control of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide in mice. iii. analysis of genes governing the expression of regulatory t cell activity. | recombinant-inbred strains of mice, as well as the progenitor strains from which they were derived, were evaluated with respect to the capacity of b cells to respond to an optimally immunogenic dose of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) and the amount of suppressor and amplifier t cell activity present. none of these functional activities was found to be linked to genes within the major histocompatibility (h-2) or the igch allotype complex, and several autosomal genes appeared to gov ... | 1976 | 10335 |
| bacterial interference by oropharynegeal and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. | anaerobic isolates were tested for bacterial inhibitory activity. of 144 isolates, 102 were from oropharynegeal washings, and 42 were from clinical specimens. thirteen facultative bacterial species (seven members of the enterobacteriaceae and six species of gram-positive cocci) were used as indicators of inhibition. eleven anaerobic species were isolated from oral secretions. all isolates of bacteroides melaninogenicus, the most commonly recovered species, consistently inhibited several species ... | 1976 | 10336 |
| genetics in the study of carbohydrate transport by bacteria. sixth griffith memorial lecture. | | 1976 | 10342 |
| cefamandole in the therapy of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. | | 1976 | 8418 |
| bacterial infection and the asplenic host: a review. | the risk of bacterial sepsis in the surgically or functionally asplenic host is reviewed. the lowest morbidity occurs in patients splenectomized because of trauma to the spleen; the highest morbidity occurs in patients splenectomized for thalassemia. there is approximately a 50% mortality associated with sepsis secondary to asplenia and the pneumococcus is responsible for over 50% of the cases. normal spleen function and alteration in host defense occurring as a consequence of asplenia is discus ... | 1976 | 8650 |
| purification of the pneumococcal n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase to biochemical homogeneity. | | 1976 | 6472 |
| pneumococcal leptomeningitis in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | | 1976 | 10668 |
| susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and diplococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics. comparison of patterns in poland and federal republic of germany. | one hundred and eighty five strains of gram-positive cocci were tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics, including some newer drugs, by agar dilution technique. of these, 100 strains (50 each isolated in poland and germany) were staphylococcus aureus, 55 streptococcus pyogenes, and 30 diplococcus pneumoniae. previous investigations of streptococci and pneumococci isolated in poland and federal republic of grmany, revealed no differences in antibiotic-susceptibility patterns in both countries ... | 1976 | 10702 |
| suppression of the lytic and bactericidal effects of cell wallinhibitory antibiotics. | the bacteriolytic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on bacillus subtilis and on streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be a function of the ph; lysis was suppressed if the ph of the pneumococcal culture was below 6.0 during penicillin treatment. in the case of b. subtilis, growth at ph 6.6 prevented penicillin-induced lysis. in pneumococci, the addition of trypsin to the growth medium also protected against lysis. the ph-dependent protection phenomenon resembled in several respects the antibiotic ... | 1976 | 10831 |
| diagnosis of plaque: an analysis of the yersin-kitasato controversy. | | 1976 | 10879 |
| quantitative and qualitative determinations of the combined effect of tetracycline and oleandomycin. i. in vitro effect. | growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment of tetracycline (tc) and oleandomycin (om), at a ratio of 2:1, on certain species of pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant ones was examined. by the crossed paper strip method, synergistic effects were demonstrated against 9 of the 16 strains of staphylococcus aureus, and all of the 5 strains of escherichia coli studied. antagonism was observed with none of the strains and with 2 strains of streptococcus pyogenes and 2 strains of streptococcu ... | 1976 | 6805 |
| the binding of complement by complexes formed between a rabbit antibody and oligosaccharides of increasing size. | immune complexes formed between a homogeneous rabbit antibody to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide and a series of oligosaccharides of varying size derived from it were prepared and tested for their ability to fix guinea pig hemolytic complement. antibody and either tetra-, hexa-, or octasaccharide formed only monomeric antibody-hapten complexes and did not show any complement binding. a dodecasaccharide and a 16-sugar residues oligomer formed dimer and trimer immune complexes. these complexe ... | 1976 | 5560 |
| antibacterial activity of ambodryl and benadryl. | | 1976 | 11202 |
| characterization of some pneumococcal bacteriophages. | the growth of pneumococcal phages at high cell and phage densities is enhanced strongly by the substitution of potassium for sodium in the medium. initial titers of 2 x 10(10) to 4 x 10(10) pfu/ml are readily obtained, and concentrated stocks are stable in a storage buffer described here. the mechanism of the cation effect is obscure. phages omega3 and omega8 each have linear double-stranded dna of 33 x 10(6) daltons per particle, with an apparent guanine plus cytosine content of 47 to 49 mol%, ... | 1976 | 8652 |
| the pneumococcal polysaccharides: a re-examination. | | 1976 | 11646 |
| effect of virus infection on the inflammatory response. depression of macrophage accumulation in influenza-infected mice. | to better define the mechanisms by which viruses depress immune function, the effect of influenza infection on the ability of macrophages to accumulate at sites of inflammation was determined. mice were inoculated with virus, and their inflammatory response measured in vivo by counting the number of leukocytes which accumulated in the peritoneal cavity 2 days after an intraperitoneal injection of phytohemagglutinin. mice infected with influenza had a 57% and 65% depression of total leukocyte and ... | 1976 | 11695 |
| protective effect of clofibrate against s. pneumoniae infection in rats. | | 1976 | 7787 |
| analysis of genes governing the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) proceedings. | | 1976 | 12030 |
| editorial: pneumococcal appendicitis and cecitis. | | 1976 | 8653 |
| interactions between viruses and bacteria in patients with chronic bronchitis. | the possibility that viral infections of the respiratory tract might predispose to bacterial colonization or infection was studied in 120 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 30 control subjects; these individuals were observed for seven years. the ratio of the number of observed to the number of expected associations between viruses and bacteria was 2.43 (p = 0.037) for the pair influenza virus and streptococcus pneumoniae and was 2.06 (p = 0.056) for influenza virus and haem ... | 1976 | 12235 |
| antigenicity of type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharides in rats. | hemagglutinating antibody responses of lewis-wistar and sprague-dawley rats to graded doses of type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide were measured. rats given a small dose (0.2 to 50 mug)of type 1 or 8 polysaccharide intraperitoneally developed type-specific hemagglutinating antibody. rats given larger doses of polysaccharide (greater than or equal to200 mug) did not develop detectable hemagglutinating antibody, and they were unresponsive to a subsequence injection of a small (and normally a ... | 1976 | 9359 |
| bacterial meningitis in the adult. | | 1977 | 12560 |
| lysogeny in pneumococci freshly isolated from man. | twelve strains of encapsulated pneumococci isolated from patients with pneumococcal disease were examined for the presence of bacteriophage. four of the strains yielded phage lytic for a noncapsulated indicator strain of pneumococcus. three of the newly isolated bacteriophages differ serologically from pneumococcus bacteriophages described previously. the ability to yield lytic phage was lost by two of the lysogenic pneumococcal strains on repeated subculture. | 1977 | 12565 |
| humoral immunity to streptococcus pneumoniae induced by a pneumococcal ribosomal protein fraction. | isolation of a protective subfraction of ribosomes from streptococcus pneumoniae has been achieved, and the immune response it induces has been investigated. mice immunized with pneumococcal ribosomes or purified protein extracted from the ribosomal preparation (2-ce protein) exhibit similar survival rates upon challenge by virulent s. pneumoniae. in contrast, recipients of purified ribosomal ribonucleic acid were never protected against pneumococcal challenge. serum from mice immunized with pne ... | 1976 | 9362 |
| partial purification and characterization of an endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from the culture of medium of diplococcus pneumoniae. | the culture medium of diplococcus pneumoniae contains enzymic activity that cleaves galbeta1 leads to 3galnac from desialized human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein. the enzyme was purified 180-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration through a sephadex g-200 column, and deae a-25 sephadex chromatography. the purified enzyme liberates galbeta1 leads to 3galnac from glycopeptides and glycoproteins with galbeta1 leads to 3galnacalpha1 leads to ser and thr moieties. the optimum ph of ... | 1976 | 9374 |
| latex agglutination in the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection. | a latex agglutination (la) method for detection of pneumococcal antigens was evaluated and compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie). la was 2 to 10 times more sensitive than cie for the detection of purified capsular polysaccharides in defined media, but only when a 1+ or 2+ agglutination reaction was interpreted as positive. la was much less sensitive than cie with clinical samples. in 50 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, antigen was detected in the serum almost twice as often with cie ( ... | 1976 | 9422 |
| bacteriology and antibiotics in acute suppurative otitis media. | one hundred and forty-seven patients with acute suppurative otitis media, were divided into three groups and treated with antibiotics (azidocillin, ampicillin, and cephalexin). the therapeutic effect was assessed bacterioloically by swabbing from the aural discharge and from the nasopharynx on the first, second, third, and seventh day after initiation of treatment. in addition, the concentration of antibiotic in the aural discharge and in the nasopharynx was determined. as compared with other pu ... | 1976 | 9519 |
| antimicrobial activity of tibezonium (tbz). | the activity in vitro of tibezonium (rec 15-0691), a new 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative, has been investigated. the drug was found active especially against streptococcus, diplococcus and corynebacterium strains which are agents of oropharyngeal diseases. the activity of tibezonium was ph dependent against staphylococcus aureus sg 511 and streptococcus pyogenes 821 (at ph 8.0-8.5 it was more active) and the presence of horse serum provoked a small decrease of the antimicrobial properties. no inte ... | 1977 | 12928 |
| defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and bactericidal capacity in a boy with recurrent pyogenic infections. | a 13-year-old boy with a history of recurrent pyogenic infections had abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function which probably accounted for his susceptibility to infection. pmn phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction were normal but glucose 14c oxidation was abnormally increased in resting cells. the patient's pmns possessed decreased bactericidal activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. also documented were decreased pmn chemotactic activity a ... | 1976 | 9619 |
| suppression of lytic effect of beta lactams on escherichia coli and other bacteria. | growth of e. coli at ph 5 protected the bacteria against the lytic effect of beta lactam antibiotics typically observed when the cells are grown at ph 7 or 7.5, i.e., the ph values routinely used in laboratory experiments. in contrast, the typical effects of beta lactam antibiotics on cellular shape and elongation and cell division appeared to be similar in cultures grown under neutral and acid ph conditions. the ph-dependent antibiotic tolerance can also be demonstrated with pneumococci, staphy ... | 1976 | 9642 |
| the value of epicillin and ampicillin in the treatment of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. | 96 patients with meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis and diplococcus pneumoniae were treated with epicillin or ampicillin according to a predesigned randomization chart. results indicate that epicillin and ampicillin are effective single drugs in the treatment of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. no adverse reactions were noted with either drug and they were comparable in their efficacy. | 1976 | 9689 |
| bacterial precipitins and their immunoglobulin class in atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma, and chronic bronchitis. | in a study of groups of patients with atopic (extrinsic) asthma, non-atopic (intrinsic) asthma, and chronic bronchitis, no difference could be detected in the numbers having precipitating antibodies against species specific antigens from staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pneumoniae compared to suitably matched control subjects. precipitating antibodies against species specific antigens from haemophilus influenzae, demonstrated in this investigation by double diffusion in agar gel, were foun ... | 1976 | 9702 |
| defence against bacterial drug resistance. | | 1976 | 10047 |
| b cell tolerance induced by polymeric antigens. i. comparison of the dose and epitope density requirements for inactivation of primed and unprimed b cells in vivo. | hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp)-specific tolerance was induced in nonimmune or dnp-hemocyanin (dnp-klh) primed mice by administering hapten-conjugated type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (dnp-lys-s3). the dose of dnp-lys2.5-s3 required to suppress the primary anti-dnp antibody responses was approximately ten times higher than that required to suppress the secondary response. large doses of lightly substituted antigen (dnp-lys0.6-s3) had no effect on primary antibody responses, while small doses of ... | 1976 | 10167 |
| b cell tolerance induced by polymeric antigens. ii. effects of tolerance on hapten-binding lymphocyte levels in primary and secondary antibody responses. | tolerogenic doses of hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp)-coupled type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (dnp-lys2.5-s3) totally abolished the anti-dnp rosette-forming cell (rfc) response to primary immunization with dnp-hemocyanin in mice, while lightly substituted antigen (dnp-lys0.6-s3) had little effect. both antigens suppressed secondary anti-dnp rfc responses to dnp-klh. limiting doses of dnp-lys-s3 preferentially suppressed antibody-secreting cell levels, and had less effect on rfc. dnp-lys2.5-s3 w ... | 1976 | 10168 |
| role of epitope density in the induction of immunity and tolerance with thymus-independent antigens. i. studies with 2,4-dinitrophenyl conjugates in vitro. | the effect of different degrees of conjugation of levan, dextran, pneumococcal polysaccharide siii and the copolymer of d-glutamic acid and d-lysine with the 2,4-dinitrophenyl determinant (dnp) on the immunogenic and tolerogenic capacity of its haptenic conjugates was investigated in vitro. a strikingly uniform effect of hapten conjugation was observed despite the marked difference in the mol. wt. and structure (branched or linear) of the carrier molecules. regarding the anti-dnp response, low d ... | 1975 | 10172 |
| bacteriological examination of sputum (author's transl). | the aa., emphasizing the importance of ascertain the bronchial source of microorganisms recoverable from sputum, recommend for this purpose the use of properly collected sputum specimens and the application of washing treatment for mucopurulent materials. the aim of the present study has been to verify the effectiveness of mechanical apparatus to homogenize sputum without affecting the viability of resident microorganisms and the usefulness of prior microscopical examination to establish the rat ... | 1976 | 13741 |
| study on the viscolytic activity of the sputum (author's transl). | several mucolytic agents were evaluated on sputum for testing their viscolytic activity and the bacterial tollerance to each of them. proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin), kj, and dithiothreitol (or its derivatives) were better tollerated by common respiratory pathogens (h. influenzae, d. pneumoniae, klebsiella, etc.) than other mucolytic agents, as acetil-cysteine, cisteamine-hcl, tension active substances, mercaptoethanol, and others. the dithiothreitol showed also one of ... | 1976 | 13742 |
| aerobic flora examination of sputum (author's transl). | the routine bacteriological test of expectorate, except for mycobacteria, is usually unsatisfactory. there is a need of standardization which results in the present paper from a comparison between the data obtained by two different laboratories on the same samples. it is possible to achieve reasonable and uniform results establishing a uniformity of some procedures, namely; collection of specimens, homogenization, number and type of media, interpretation of data and so on. | 1976 | 13743 |
| resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in respiratory infections (author's transl). | the present status of resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in respiratory infections is reviewed. schematically it can outlined as follows. streptococcus b-haemolyticus as well as pneumococcus did not change their sensitivity to penicillin, but some strains are now resistant to tetracycline. streptococcus viridans, enterococcus and h. influenzae did not change substantially their sensitivity to antibiotics. staphylococcus aureus is the bacterial species that always poses some problems ... | 1976 | 13744 |
| size and transforming activity of deoxyribonucleic acid in diplococcus pneumoniae during thymidine starvation. | the transforming activity and the molecular structure of dna from cells of diplococcus pneumoniae during thymidine starvation have been analyzed and the effects of thymidine starvation have been compared with the effects of single-strand breaks produced by deoxyribonucleases in dna of unstarved cells. the decrease in transforming activity of lysates from starved cells as a function of the size of dna particles, measured by centrifugation in neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients, does not follow ... | 1976 | 10277 |
| streptococcal sore throat in general practice--a controlled study. | a controlled study was undertaken to determine the incidence of group a haemolytic streptococci and other bacterial pathogens in throat swabs from patients presenting with sore throats. the isolation rate (38-8%) of group a haemolytic streptococci from patients with acute tonsillitis was significantly higher than the isolation rate (8-9%) in a control group, but there was no significant difference in the isolation rates in patients diagnosed as having acute pharyngitis compared with the control ... | 1976 | 10509 |
| linkage of pyruvyl groups in the specific capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus type iv. | | 1976 | 13930 |
| diagnostic errors in clinical medicine. | | 1976 | 9053 |
| pneumococcal antigen in pneumonia. a post-mortem study with the histological and bacteriological findings. | pneumococcal capsular antigens can be detected in lung tissue by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis even when, following antibiotics, post-mortem bacterilogy suggests that escherichia coli has replaced pneumococci. the results suggest that antipneumococcal therapy would benefit at least 55% of patients critically ill with lung infection and that the potentially toxic drugs directed at coliform bacteria may be unnecessary. | 1976 | 10565 |
| acute pneumopathy (author's transl). | | 1976 | 10567 |
| antibody response to phosphorylcholine in vitro. ii. analysis of t-dependent and t-independent responses. | spleen cells from balb/c mice primed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh), were stimulated with heat-killed vaccine of rough pneumococcus pneumoniae r36a (pn) and/or phosphorylcholine (pc)-coupled klh to induce an anti-pc response in vitro. the response to pc-klh was found to be t-dependent while it is t-independent to pn. the antibodies induced with either antigen had similar avidity and expressed the tepc 15 idiotype exclusively; thus t cell involvement in the response to pc-klh failed to alte ... | 1976 | 11100 |
| prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. | | 1976 | 14433 |
| mechanisms by which hapten conjugates of pneumococcal polysaccharide interfere with the challenge of anti-hapten memory cells. | incubation of trinitrophenylated hemocyanin (tnp-klh)-primed spleen cells with microgram amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp) or 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (tnp) conjugates of pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 (siii) for as little as 5 min at 4 degrees c results in a specific "block" of the 19 s and 7 s adoptive memory response to tnp-klh. this hapten-siii-induced block of anti-hapten memory b cell responsiveness seems to be an example of specific receptor blockade. the block is specific and can be pre ... | 1976 | 11101 |
| a comparison between co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in general practice. | | 1976 | 11457 |
| penicillin-insensitive pneumococci. | | 1976 | 11870 |
| changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae at boston city hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. | the number of patients with pneumococcal bacteremia, empyema, and meningitis at boston city hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974 is reported. the distribution of specific types in the bacteremic patients during each of the selected years and in the various focal infections in all the years is also detailed. the numbers and rates per 1,000 admissions of bacteremic pneumococcal infections and the numbers of cases of pneumococcal meningitis and empyema varied independently over thes ... | 1977 | 14971 |
| the v-region sequence of the h chain from a third rabbit anti-pneumococcal antibody. | the amino acid sequence of the v (variable) region of the heavy (h) chain of rabbit antibody bs-1, raised against type iii pneumococcal vaccine, is reported. together with the sequence data of the v region of the light (l) chain previously determined jaton (1974a) biochem. j. 141, 1-13, the present work completes the analysis of the v domain of the homogeneous antibody bs-1. the v domains (vl + vh regions) of this antibody are compared with those of two other anti-(type iii) pneumococcal antibod ... | 1976 | 9073 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of the primary immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen. | the immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen was depressed in vivo and in vitro in spleen cells from mice injected with lps i.p. a few days before challenge with the antigen. spleen cells from lps-injected mice could, however, respond with increase dna synthesis after activation with polyclonal b and t cell activators in vitro. the lps-activated spleen cells could actively suppress normal cells in their response to the antigen sheep red blood cells. the suppressor cells contained in the lps ... | 1977 | 15030 |
| heterologous antigenic stimulation in induction of delayed hypersensitivity. | an influence of a delayed hypersensitive reaction to a primary antigen on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to a second unrelated antigen was observed in guinea pigs immunized with azobenzenearsonate-n-acetyl-l-tyrosine (abat), and injected intradermally 3 weeks later with a mixture of abat and secondary antigen. animals so treated developed delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (srbc) or type ii pneumococcal polysaccharide as secondary antigens, as measured by skin test reac ... | 1977 | 15031 |
| effect of concanavalin a on lymphocyte interactions involved in the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide i. comparison of the suppression induced by con a and low dose paralysis. | concanavalin a (con a) administered at the time of immunization induces suppression of the in vivo splenic plaque-forming cell (pfc) response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii). as with low dose paralysis of the pfc response to sss-iii, con a-induced suppression could not be demonstrated in congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice and could be eliminated partially by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (als). the kinetics for con a-induced suppression paralleled those for low dose paral ... | 1977 | 15032 |
| cross reactions of higher type-specific capsular polysaccharides of klebsiella in antipneumococcal sera. | qualitative and quantitative precipitin reactions are given of the polysaccharides k60, k61, k65, k67-69, k70, k71, k73, and k83, also of depyruvylated k1. as expected, the last reacts more strongly in antipneumococcal (anti-pn) viii and x than does intact k1. k65 and k67 precipitate much of the same large fraction of anti-pnxxiii as does k47, showing that k65 and k67 also possess lateral non-reducing end-groups of l-rhamnose. the massive reaction of k83 in anti-pnii confirms the chemically demo ... | 1977 | 15494 |
| in vivo and in vitro activation of t-antigen receptors on leukocytes and platelets. | serological studies on a patient whose red cells are polyagglutinable due to t activation have demonstrated concomitant t activity of the separated leukocytes and platelets. normal leukocytes and platelets are not t active, but activation can be induced in vitro by treatment with neuraminidase or with pneumococcus type iii filtrate. such t-active cells absorb anti-t from arachis hypogea lectin. tests on idfferent types of separated leukocytes show that both neutrophils and lymphocytes have laten ... | 1976 | 12617 |
| present status of polysaccharide vaccines in the prevention of meningococcal disease. | | 1976 | 12651 |
| tetracycline resistance in pneumococci and group a streptococci. report of an ad-hoc study group on antibiotic resistance. | in a nationwide survey in the spring of 1975 into the prevalence of tetracycline resistance among pneumoccoci and group a streptococci isolates, 21 laboratories reported the sensitivity of isolates and details of the patients. altogether 13% of the 1528 pneumococci isolated were resistant to tetracycline, but there were wide geographical variations. thirty-six per cent of the 1515 streptococci isolated were resistant, and again there was considerable geographical variation. a high level of resis ... | 1977 | 12851 |
| epidemiological studies of streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: methods of isolating pneumococci. | a prospective study of the natural history of pneumococcal infection, which involves serial culture studies in healthy infants from 6 weeks of age onward, is in progress in our laboratory. this report describes results of a comparison of several methods for the isolation and identification of streptococcus pneumoniae from the nasopharynges and throats of these infants. sheep blood agar, sheep blood agar with gentamicin sulfate (gentamicin agar), and mouse inoculation with 4-h broth cultures were ... | 1977 | 16032 |
| detection of pneumococci in respiratory secretions: clinical evaluation of gentamicin blood agar. | the use of sheep blood agar containing 5 microng of gentamicin per ml has been suggested as a means of selectively isolating streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions. we have tested this method, in parallel with standard methods, on 844 respiratory specimens in a clinical laboratory and have confirmed that the yield of pneumococci can be increased approximately 40% by using agar containing gentamicin. however, since the antibiotic suppresses the growth of staphylococci, group a strep ... | 1977 | 16034 |
| fosfomycin in pneumococcal meningitis. | a study has been made of 12 patients with pneumococcal meningitis with ages ranging from 12 months to 59 years. in all cases pneumococcus was isolated in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). seventeen pneumococci were studied for their sensitivity to fosfomycin, ampicillin and gentamicin, including their mic. all were sensitive to fosfomycin and ampicillin and 7 to gentamicin. on the other hand there has also been made a study of the interaction between fosfomycin plus ampicillin and fosfomycin plus g ... | 1977 | 12927 |
| synthesis and biological activity of some vinyl-substituted 2-nitroimidazoles. | in previous studies 1-methyl-2-nitro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde and 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinyl-1h-imidazole were found to posses interesting antimicrobial activities. we have now prepared some 2-nitro-1h-imidazoles in which the 5-vinyl chain bears selected functional groups (cho, coch3, no2) as well as nitrogen-condensation derivatives of the carbonyl functions. furthermore, 5-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinyl-1h-imidazole has been synthesized. all the compounds, and some intermediates, have been assayed ... | 1977 | 16132 |
| effects of pneumococcal mucopeptide and capsular polysaccharide on phagocytosis. | pneumoccal cell wall and capsular products from eight serotypes were tested for their ability to inhibit polymorphonuclear neutrophil killing of the same eight pneumococcal strains. crude pneumococcal cell wall preparations from all serotypes inhibited phagocytic killing of several pneumococcal serotypes, and were just as effective with heterologous as with homologous strains. phagocytosis dependent on heat-labile serum factors was inhibited, whereas phagocytosis not dependent on heat-labile fac ... | 1977 | 13039 |
| studies on glycosidases acting on glycoconjugates (author's transl). | | 1976 | 13130 |
| resistance mechanism of chloramphenicol in streptococcus haemolyticus, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus faecalis. | the chloramphenicol resistance of streptococcus haemolyticus, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus faecalis isolated from clinical materials was proved to be due to an inactivating enzyme produced by these bacteria. the inactivated products of chloramphenicol were identified as 1-acetoxy, 3-acetoxy and 1,3-diacetoxy derivatives by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. the responsible enzyme was thus confirmed to be chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. the enzyme was inducible. ... | 1977 | 16197 |
| determination of the effective concentration of jodonal a for the disinfection of the skin and teats after milking. | the bactericidal effectivity of jodonal a in 1:10, 1:5, and 1:3 solutions was tested on human skin and on the teats of cow mammary glands. the 1:3 dilution ratio proved best for three-minute exposure. jodonal a used in this concentration in 522 cows for the post-milking disinfection of teats for 10 months exerted no harmful effect on the skin of the mammary glands. | 1976 | 16377 |
| devitalizing effect of jodonal a in vitro on bacteria subject to a short-term exposure. | in a three-minute exposure in vitro jodonal a devitalized a culture of serological group b streptococci in a 2% concentration, staphylococcus aureus in a 16% concentration, pneumococcus in a 4.5% concentration, corynebacterium pyogenes in a 2.5% concentration, pseudomonas aeruginosa in a 3% concentration, and klebsiella pneumoniae in a 2% concentration. hence jodonal a concentrations higher than 16% should be tested for udder teat disinfection after the removal of teat cups. | 1976 | 16378 |
| role of the pneumococcal autolysin (murein hydrolase) in the release of progeny bacteriophage and in the bacteriophage-induced lysis of the host cells. | the pneumococcal bacteriophage dp-1 seems to require the activity of the n-acetylmuramic acid-l-alanine amidase of the host bacterium for the liberation of phage progeny into the medium. this conclusion is based on a series of observations indicating that the exit of progeny phage particles is prevented by conditions that specifically inhibit the activity of the pneumococcal autolysin. these inhibitory conditions are as follows: (i) growth of the bacteria on ethanolamine-containing medium; (ii) ... | 1977 | 13229 |
| two membrane sites for dna synthesis in pneumococcus. | a dna membrane fraction extracted from pneumococci can be separated into two subfractions with respect to macromolecular composition and dna synthesis by centrifugation in a 30-60% w/v neutral sucrose gradient. each fraction can be rebanded in a sucrose gradient or centrifuged to equilibrium in a cscl density gradient without altering the ability of the fractions to synthesize dna. the fast sedimenting (heavy) fraction contains 45% of the dna, and the bulk of the phospholipid, protein, and rna. ... | 1976 | 13291 |
| the quellung reaction, a neglected microbiologic technique. | | 1976 | 13297 |
| relation of concentrations of bacteria and bacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid to prognosis in patients with bacterial meningitis. | | 1977 | 13301 |
| inhibitors of genetic recombination in pneumococci. | treatment of transformable pneumococci with dna-intercalating agents shortly after the uptake of dna molecules inhibited the appearance of genetic transformants. the same drug treatments applied 20 min after dna uptake were ineffective. ethidium bromide, proflavin, daunomycin, actinomycin d, and platinum red were found to be effective inhibitors. donor dna molecules reisolated from the drug-treated bacteria appeared to be associated with the resident dna in an abnormal manner, and they had only ... | 1977 | 13367 |
| ccomparative clinical and microbial characteristics of various forms of pneumonia. | | 1976 | 13506 |