| four decades of shigellosis in israel: epidemiology of a growing public health problem. | despite the improved standard of living in israel, shigellosis remains a common disease. examination of trends in the incidence of shigellosis in israel between 1951 and 1987 showed a period of declining rates followed by an increase in the reported incidence beginning around 1969. this increase was mainly due to shigella sonnei; rates of infection with shigella flexneri remained relatively constant. trends showed marked differences between age groups and between ethnic groups. in comparison, th ... | 1991 | 2041956 |
| a weak adaptive response to alkylation damage in salmonella typhimurium. | an efficient adaptive response to alkylation damage was observed in several enterobacterial species, including klebsiella aerogenes, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, escherichia alkalescens, escherichia hermanii, and escherichia fergusonii. increased o6-methylguanine-dna and methylphosphotriester-dna methyltransferase activities correlated with the induction of a 39-kda protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the escherichia coli ada protein. induced methyltransferase activit ... | 1991 | 2050626 |
| site-specific recombinase genes in three shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinb gene and an invertible b segment from shigella boydii. | inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the salmonella typhimurium h segment-hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, and escherichia coli e14 p-pin. in this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinb, pind, and defective pinf ... | 1991 | 2061288 |
| [directions of an ethic in genetic engineering: evaluation of an ethic for biotechnology]. | a fundamentalistic point of view is for the evaluation of genetic engineering inadequate. using ethics to evaluate the consequences is not valid for gene transfers across species as a morally relevant criterion but is rather the assessment of toxic, pathogenic, and ecological effects of transgenic organisms. a criterion for human genetics is not the inviolability of the human embryo, but social and human tolerance and the consent of the affected. | 1990 | 2074899 |
| [recurrent thromboembolism disclosing protein c deficiency. apropos of a case with familial investigation]. | every thromboembolic manifestation, especially in young subjects, calls for an aetiological study in which haemostasis is evaluated primarily with assays of physiological coagulation inhibitors: protein c, protein s and antithrombin iii. protein c deficiency is found in 6 to 7% of thromboembolic manifestations. we report the case of a 21-year old man who had phlebitis followed by pulmonary embolism without facilitating factors. protein c level was 50% of normal value (0.50 iu/ml). the patient re ... | 1990 | 2075365 |
| [shigellosis]. | | 1990 | 2076763 |
| [clinico-morphological comparisons in different types of dysentery]. | clinical evidence and morphological picture of rectal biopsy specimens were analysed for 125 dysentery patients. as compared to a light course, moderately severe and severe dysentery presented enhanced microbial adherence and an elevated level of large lymphocytes in the external epithelium of the rectum, deeper penetration of shigella into crypts. on day 9-15 of the disease in attenuation of the clinical symptoms in severe and moderately dysentery morphological shifts persisted whereas the ligh ... | 1990 | 2084341 |
| palindromic unit highly repetitive dna sequences exhibit species specificity within enterobacteriaceae. | palindromic units (pu, or rep for repetitive extragenic palindrome) constitute a family of dna sequences of 40 nucleotides which is highly repeated in the genome of escherichia coli. we analysed the presence of pu sequences in 99 different bacterial genomes by cross-hybridization. when pu sequences were used as a probe, only dna from enterobacteriaceae closely related to e. coli exhibited an appreciable hybridization signal: shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella enteritica serotype typhim ... | 1990 | 2092362 |
| molecular analysis of strains of shigella boydii isolated in northern and southern italy. | in the years 1981-1988, shigella boydii played a very limited role in the aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in italy. however, between september and november, 1985, 19 isolates of serotype 2 were recovered in northern italy from a dysentery outbreak which occurred in a geriatrics hospital in abbiategrasso (milan, lombardy) and seven were identified in southern italy during the period january-july, 1986 from apparently unrelated infection cases occurring in brindisi (apulia). these isolates were co ... | 1990 | 2092367 |
| effects of chronic non-ketotic diabetes and aging on myocardial function and fatty acid oxidation. | the effects of aging and chronic non-ketotic diabetes on contractile properties, oxygen consumption, palmitate oxidation and morphology were studied in isolated, perfused working hearts of 2, 9, 12 and 22 month old rats. the heart rate, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption were no different among the 9, 12 and 22 month control and diabetic hearts. cardiac work was not depressed in control hearts until 22 months of age. depression of cardiac output due to aging in the control hearts progressed i ... | 1990 | 2141842 |
| [antibiotic resistance of shigella isolated in the kara-kalpak a.s.s.r. 1987-1988]. | sensitivity of shigella spp. isolated in one of the hospitals of nukus within 1987-1988 and earlier in 1977 and 1985 was studied. s. flexneri 1-5 remained the main causative agents of dysentery on the territory. however, beginning from 1987 there were registered cases of dysentery caused by s. dysenteriae 1. the isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime, cephaloridine, polymyxin b and gentamicin. the majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and stre ... | 1990 | 2144726 |
| an attempt to structurally convert mu-selective morphine toward delta-receptor binding: dimerization based on enkephalin conformation. | in order to elucidate the substrate specificities for mu- and delta-opioid receptors, dimerization of the mu-specific morphine molecule was attempted, based on the hypothesis of the possible relationship between the molecular conformation of endogenous enkephalin and its selectivity for each opioid receptor. the nor2 ([normorphine]n-ch2-ch2-n[normorphine]) thus synthesized exhibited agonist activity showing a preference for binding with the delta-opioid receptor, compared with the parent morphin ... | 1990 | 2164938 |
| [the importance of shigella boydii in shigellosis morbidity in the ussr]. | the etiological role of s. boydii in shigella infections registered at different territories of the ussr in 1986-1987 was analyzed. as established by this analysis, s. boydii infection occurred mainly at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population; from these territories the infection spread to ther territories of the ussr. the dominating serovars causing s. boydii dysentery, as well as shigella infections, at different territories of the ussr was shown to be identical, wh ... | 1990 | 2195811 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of invasive shigella flexneri in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify a 760-base-pair (bp) fragment with the 220-kbp invasive plasmids of enteroinvasive escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei as templates. this pcr product was easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. a 210-bp acci-psti fragment lying within the amplified region was used as a probe in southern hybridization blots and showed that the pcr-generated product was derived from the invas ... | 1990 | 2200336 |
| plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella isolates from nigeria. | in an epidemiological survey, plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 100 shigella isolates in lagos, nigeria was done. all the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. the commonest antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was resistance to ampicillin, colistin sulphate, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. all but 4 of 100 isolates screened contained one or more plasmids. plasmid profile analysis distinguished more strains than did ... | 1990 | 2200702 |
| childhood shigellosis: clinical and bacteriological study. | ninety-three children with shigellosis were hospitalized in a regional hospital in kuwait during the year 1988. s. flexneri was the most common isolate (54%) followed by s. sonnei (39%) and s. boydii (7%). in addition to the gastrointestinal manifestations, 14 patients (15%) developed generalized convulsions. the benign and self-limiting nature of the convulsions associated with shigellosis means that neither diagnostic procedure nor drug therapy are usually necessary. the disease was self-limit ... | 1990 | 2202839 |
| the monitoring of foodhandlers in papua new guinea. | in early 1987 guidelines were re-enforced for pre-employment medicals and 6-monthly health checks on foodhandlers in the ok tedi mining project in papua new guinea. the health monitoring program was stepped up as a result of two typhoid cases imported from the highlands and catering subcontractors failing to comply with the necessary pre-placement medicals for foodhandlers. highlanders made up 28% (49/174) of the ok tedi catering department's workforce in 1987. the initial screen of 155 foodhand ... | 1990 | 2238835 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1988]. | | 1990 | 2251385 |
| [a new serotype of shigella boydii]. | two strains which belong to the same serotype of shigella were isolated from the bloody-pus stool of two patients (in 1986) and is reported in this paper. the results were identical both showing agglutination in low titer with serotype 8 of s. dysenteriae and serotype 4 of s. boydii when the two strains were checked well with all kinds of diagnostic antisera and vice versa, ie the antisera produced by the two strains were also checked well with sera prepared with the representative strains of al ... | 1990 | 2251827 |
| glucocorticoid-regulated gene expression in the immune system. analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated transcripts from the mouse macrophage-like cell line p388d1. | to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-mediated immune suppression, we have exploited cdna cloning and subtractive screening methods to identify glucocorticoid-regulated transcripts in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, p388d1. two of the three isolated glucocorticoid-regulated mrna species corresponded to genes potentially important to immunoregulation: one glucocorticoid-suppressed mrna species probably encoded the previously uncloned 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutar ... | 1990 | 2258621 |
| [bacteriology and epidemiology of shigellas isolated at the army hospital in djibouti]. | in a space of 26 months 108 shigellas were isolated from 104 patients with sporadic and benign diseases. 90% of the subjects were young french. both s. dysenteriae and s. boydii make up 21% of the strains studied. 13% of the germs are multiresistance. multiresistance can enhance development of serious sickness if a virulent strain comes in. | 1990 | 2263188 |
| [current views on the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of dysentery]. | according to the literature and the authors' data in patients who died of dysentery shigellae are found seldom because of postmortem shedding of superficial colonic epithelium infected by them. shigella adhesion and invasion into the colonocytes are regularly found in the colon biopsies. as shown recently in experiments, shigella outer membrane proteins forming "contact haemolysin" ("virulence plasmid" product) are responsible for their invasion. in the small intestine this cytotoxin is destroye ... | 1990 | 2281980 |
| kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the requirements for substrate. | the kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was studied with the detergent-solubilized enzyme from rat brain. mn2(+)-activated adenylyl cyclase exhibited typical noncompetitive inhibition by 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-ddado). however, enzyme that was preactivated with guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (gtp gamma s) or proteolytically with ninhibin (+ gtp gamma s) exhibited apparently uncompetitive inhibition with either 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-ddado and with e ... | 1990 | 2365688 |
| predicted conformations for the immunodominant region of the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum contains multiple tandem repeats of the amino acid sequence asn-ala-asn-pro. the repeated sequence encompasses the immunodominant region of the protein, and antibodies raised against it are potent inhibitors of invasion and development of sporozoites in cultured hepatocytes. using a modified build-up procedure, we have explored a large number of possible helical and near-helical conformations of a terminally blocked ... | 1986 | 2426702 |
| [somatic antigens of shigella and escherichia coli. determination of the structure of o-specific polysaccharide from shigella boydii type 12 and its serological properties compared with the o-specific polysaccharide from escherichia coli]. | the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the somatic antigen (lipopolysaccharide) of shigella boydii, type 12, was established by 1h- and 13c-nmr, methylation analysis and partial acid hydrolysis methods. the polysaccharide consists of pentasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: (formula; see text) the amount of o-acetyl groups was far less than stoichiometric, only about 2 for 3-4 repeating units. nevertheless, the results of serological studies revealed 3-o-acetyl-alph ... | 1986 | 2430583 |
| [intergeneric antigenic relation of hafnia and shigella (s. flexneri and s. boydii) bacteria]. | the o-antigenic relationships between hafnia and shigellae (s. flexneri and s. boydii) have been studied. for the first time the presence of antigenic relationship between hafnia o19, o4, o9, o33, o5, o16, o12, o7, o29, o28, o10, o32, o24, o25, o18, o1, o13, o3, o22, o30, o37, o14, o11, o25, o23, o21, o28, o16, o24, o8, o26, o27 and s. flexneri la, lb, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 5a, 5b, as well as between hafnia o10, o21, o35, o36, o9, o28, o8, o30 and s. boydii 1, 3, 6, 14, 2, 5, 2, 12 have been reveal ... | 1986 | 2431565 |
| sporidesmin and gliotoxin induce cell detachment and perturb microfilament structure in cultured liver cells. | changes in cell morphology and cell adhesion occurred when cultured cells from the rat liver cell strain c3 were exposed to the fungal toxins, sporidesmin or gliotoxin. both toxins caused loss of attachment of the cells to the plastic of tissue culture plates and this effect was preceded by loss of actin cables. other changes included cytoplasmic vacuolation and blocked entry into s-phase of the cell cycle. under these conditions [3h]thymidine incorporation into the cells was also diminished but ... | 1986 | 2432076 |
| [antigenic determinants of bacteria. the structure of the repeating unit of a specific polysaccharide from shigella boydii type 7]. | acid hydrolysis of the antigenic lipopolysaccharide from shigella boydii type 7 afforded a specific polysaccharide composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-glucose, d-galactose, 5-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-7-[(3r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-l- glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid (nonn2a) and acetic acid residues in the 1:1:2:1:1 ratio. from the results of methylation analysis, hydrogen fluoride solvolysis and smith degradation, the structure of the repeating unit of the specific polysaccharide was ... | 1987 | 2437931 |
| influence of neuropeptides on airway smooth muscle. | the first bronchoactive (and vasoactive) peptide to be discovered in the lung was isolated and characterized in 1970 from an embryologically related organ, the small intestine. since then, more than 20 additional peptides have been described in lung tissue and their biologic activities investigated. many of these are neuropeptides acting as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators to influence airway, pulmonary vascular, and other functions. more neuropeptides are known to exist in the brain and per ... | 1987 | 2446543 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus shigella. determination of the structure of polysaccharide chains of shigella boydii type 9 lipopolysaccharide and detection of unusually high molecular weight glycolipid]. | specific acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the shigella boydii type 9 antigenic lipopolysaccharide after mild hydrolysis followed by chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide consists of d-glucose, d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and l-rhamnose. from the results of methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and 13c nmr data the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was deduced as follows: [----4)dglcp(alpha 1----4)dglcap(beta 1----3)dglcn ... | 1987 | 2447896 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus shigella. the structure of the polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 14]. | a specific acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the shigella boydii type 14 antigenic lipopolysaccharide after mild hydrolysis followed by chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide consists of the d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-galactose residues in the ratio 1:1:3. from the results of methylation analysis and partial acid hydrolysis, the structure of the repeating unit of the specific polysaccharide was deduced as follows: (-6dgalp alpha 1-4dglcap beta ... | 1987 | 2447897 |
| immunoglobulin m, a, and g antibody response to lipopolysaccharide o antigen in symptomatic and asymptomatic shigella infections. | the antilipopolysaccharide antibody response in sera obtained from subjects involved in 10 outbreaks of shigellosis occurring in israeli military field units was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a passive hemagglutination test. both tests were found to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of shigellosis. a significant antibody response was detected in 73 to 82% of the symptomatic and 48 to 60% of the asymptomatic subjects during the shigella sonnei and shigella flexn ... | 1989 | 2463995 |
| lack of effect by prostaglandin f2 alpha and verapamil on calcium uptake by isolated corpora lutea from pseudopregnant rats. | | 1989 | 2492809 |
| four new provisional serovars of shigella. | four bacterial strains are described that possess the biochemical characteristics of shigella species but do not belong to any of the established shigella serovars or to any previously described provisional serovar. one strain fermented mannitol, and it is proposed that this be the type strain for a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. the remaining strains did not ferment mannitol and belonged to three different serovars. these strains are proposed as type strains for three new provision ... | 1989 | 2501349 |
| shigellae and vibrionaceae species as a cause of diarrhoea among children in aden. | in aden, the incidence of diarrhoea among infants and children is still high. the present work aimed at investigation of shigelleae and vibrionaceae as etiologic agents of enteric infections. stool specimens obtained from 1056 children complaining of diarrhoea were cultured on plating media and on enrichment media. suspected colonies were then serotyped and antibiotic sensitivity tests performed. seven percent of the specimens were found positive for shigella strains. shigella boydii was the com ... | 1989 | 2519964 |
| structural analysis of the o-glycosidically linked core-region oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins which express oncofoetal antigens. | glycoproteins were extracted from meconium samples of group o neonates of secretor type by pronase digestion followed by precipitation in 67% aqueous ethanol and separated into ii antigen enriched and depleted fractions by affinity chromatography. the latter fraction strongly expressed the oncofoetal antigens recognised by natural antibodies in mouse sera and the hybridoma antibody fc 10.2, and this activity was enhanced after mild acid hydrolysis to remove sialic acid and fucose residues. oligo ... | 1985 | 2580706 |
| high incidence of false positives by a latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile associated colitis in compromised patients. | detection of clostridium difficile cytotoxin using cell culture assays for the diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis has been used for over a decade. because the methodology is time consuming and cumbersome, a recently introduced commercial latex agglutination (la) kit has attracted much attention. we compared the sensitivity and specificity of this method with the cytotoxic assay (cta) using diarrheal stools from 652 patients at a referral tertiary care center. specimens from 71 (10.9%) pa ... | 1989 | 2591165 |
| causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis. | thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. infecting species were: shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; s. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; shigella flexneri, 23 cases; shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, 1 case. complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 ca ... | 1989 | 2594452 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from cockroaches trapped from paediatric wards in peninsular malaysia. | a survey was conducted in 4 paediatric wards in malaysia to determine the distribution of various species of cockroaches and to examine their gut contents for bacteria. cockroaches were trapped from food dispensing areas (kitchens), store rooms, cupboards and open wards. 104 cockroaches were caught, consisting of periplaneta americana (67.3%), blattella germanica (26%), p. brunnea (4.8%), and supella longipalpa (1.9%). bacteria were isolated from all cockroaches except 3 p. americana. many bacte ... | 1989 | 2603192 |
| cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of brachial artery diameter in sustained essential hypertension. | an exaggerated reflex response of forearm resistance vessels following stimulation of cardiac mechanoreceptors has been observed in human hypertension. in the present study we analyze the possibility that such an increased response also involves the large brachial artery. for that purpose, the influence of leg elevation in subjects in a supine position on brachial artery diameter and blood flow velocity was studied in 12 healthy, normal males and 17 males of the same age with sustained essential ... | 1989 | 2607141 |
| autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adrp): localization of an adrp gene to the long arm of chromosome 3. | members of a large pedigree of irish origin presenting with early onset type i autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adrp) have been typed for d3s47 (c17), a polymorphic marker from the long arm of chromosome 3. significant, tight linkage of adrp to d3s47, with a lod score of 14.7 maximizing at 0.00 recombination, has been obtained, hence localizing the adrp gene (rp1) segregating in this pedigree to 3q. | 1989 | 2613244 |
| indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1. | it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ... | 1989 | 2620696 |
| indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1. | it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ... | 1989 | 2620696 |
| the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine on experimental models of learning and memory deficits in the old rat. | experimental models of learning and memory deficits in aged rats can be studied by means of behavioural tests that provide an important tool for evaluating the effect of drugs on these parameters. active and passive avoidance tests showed a clear impairment of learning and memory capacity of old rats. these tests were also used to study the behavioural effect of acetyl-l-carnitine in aged rats. the subchronic treatment with this drug was followed by a significant improvement of acquisition and r ... | 1989 | 2620857 |
| the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine on experimental models of learning and memory deficits in the old rat. | experimental models of learning and memory deficits in aged rats can be studied by means of behavioural tests that provide an important tool for evaluating the effect of drugs on these parameters. active and passive avoidance tests showed a clear impairment of learning and memory capacity of old rats. these tests were also used to study the behavioural effect of acetyl-l-carnitine in aged rats. the subchronic treatment with this drug was followed by a significant improvement of acquisition and r ... | 1989 | 2620857 |
| isolated and combined deficiencies of the alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. | | 1989 | 2634350 |
| emergence of highly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant shigella in a native american population: an epidemiologic study. | resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) emerged among shigella isolates from the navajo reservation in the southwestern united states in 1985, years after this antimicrobial agent came into common use. in the study area, tmp-smx resistance increased dramatically from 3 per cent in 1983 to 21 per cent in 1985. resistance was polyclonal and occurred in both s. sonnei and s. flexneri. no single plasmid was common to all resistant strains. however, all 28 tmp-smx resistant isolates exa ... | 1989 | 2650535 |
| bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles. | the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ... | 1989 | 2650618 |
| [isolation of shigella boydii serotype 14 with altered biochemical characteristics in a water-borne epidemic of dysentery]. | two water-borne epidemics of bacillary dysentery have been described in a garrison in which the leading causative agent has been shigella boydii, serotype of 14 altered biochemical characteristics isolated for the first time in yugoslavia. all the isolated strains of this shigella were mannitol negative and they degradated gylocose to acidity and gas already after 24 hours, and arabinose and sorbitol to acidity and gas after 48 hours. the clinical picture of the diseased was characteristic of ba ... | 1989 | 2662591 |
| review of cardiovascular findings in humans treated with minoxidil. | minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator with no known capability of inducing human cardiovascular pathology; however, the compound does cause a late, canine-specific lesion of the right atrium and acute right atrial and ventricular papillary muscle changes. in all the autopsy cases of minoxidil-treated humans to date, 9 cases were reported with significant right atrial or other cardiac pathology and were carefully reviewed for similarity to either the early or late canine lesion. three new ... | 1989 | 2665032 |
| [insulin and glucocorticoid binding by blood cell receptors after hydrocortisone administration in rabbits]. | repeated i.v. administration of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) revealed an increase in the resistance against insulin although endogenous corticosterone was decreased in 33 male rabbits. the insulin- and dexamethasone-binding receptors of erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes. changed after 3-7 hydrocortisone injections, the binding increasing for insulin and diminishing for dexamethasone. | 1989 | 2680632 |
| falciparum malaria--present day problems. an experience with 425 cases. | clinical details and present day problems encountered in 425 cases of falciparum malaria (pf) are reported. 10.11% had taken chloroquine prior to reporting to us. parasitic count done in 23.05% cases lacked correlation with severity of disease. pattern of fever varied markedly but 5.4% were afebrile throughout and presented only with bodyache and malaise. apyrexial spell was noted in 5.64%. 28.70% had typical facial looks of anaemia and sallow complexion. cerebral symptoms were noted in 3.05%. o ... | 1989 | 2693436 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the ussr in recent years]. | the characterization of etiological structure of shigella infection in the whole of the ussr, in individual union republics and at a number of other administrative territories of the ussr in recent years is presented. s. flexneri has been shown to prevail at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population, and s. sonnei prevails at the territories with good water supply. at the former territories s. dysenteriae and s. boydii retain their etiological importance, while at the la ... | 1989 | 2698030 |
| primary structure and expression from complementary dna of skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. | the sequence of 5,037 amino acids composing the ryanodine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum has been deduced by cloning and sequencing the complementary dna. the predicted structure suggests that the calcium release channel activity resides in the c-terminal region of the receptor molecule, whereas the remaining portion constitutes the 'foot' structure spanning the junctional gap between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the transverse tubule. | 1989 | 2725677 |
| terminal field of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive projection neurons of the rat main olfactory bulb. | the terminal field of cholecystokinin-8 (cck)-like immunoreactive (cck-ir) tufted cells in the rat main olfactory bulb was examined by means of immunohistochemistry combined with either an anterograde tracer or a degeneration method. cck immunostaining was carried out in animals in which phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (pha) had been injected into the main olfactory bulb. pairs of adjacent sections were processed for cck and pha immunostaining, respectively. dense cck-ir terminallike staining was ... | 1989 | 2754048 |
| determination of estradiol 2- and 16-alpha-hydroxylase activities in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells in culture using radiometric analysis. | using a radiometric assay the effects of estradiol upon the activity of estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells in culture were studied. after 5 days of treatment and 36 h of withdrawal, incubation in the presence of either 2- or 16 alpha-tritiated substrate was carried out. estradiol (10 nm) significantly increased 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity (21%, p less than 0.01), while no effects on 2-hydroxylase activity was observed. treatment for 6 weeks caused a major ... | 1989 | 2770303 |
| opening remarks of president fernando e. agrait on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago macaque colony. | | 1989 | 2780954 |
| results of the flow cytometry actg quality control program: analysis and findings. | the aids clinical trial group's (actg) immunology committee was charged with initiating a quality control program for all laboratories participating in the actg program reporting flow cytometry data. forty-one laboratories were evaluated. this report defines the goals of this program and the subsequent findings after 19 send-outs were made. both hiv positive volunteer donors and normal age-matched donors were used. sample sets included both heparin and edta anticoagulated bloods. laboratories we ... | 1989 | 2785890 |
| [effects of clopheline on impulse activity of neurons in the midbrain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord]. | clophelin (1-5 mg/kg) suppresses spinal dorsal horn neuronal nociceptive responses but does not change their touch stimuli reactions in unanesthetized curarized cats. this effect is steady to naloxone (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (5 mg/kg) and removal by prazosin (1 mg/kg). clophelin depresses nociceptive responses of the central gray matter neurones which generalized pain impulses in the supraspinal structures. | 1989 | 2804325 |
| [effects of clopheline on impulse activity of neurons in the midbrain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord]. | clophelin (1-5 mg/kg) suppresses spinal dorsal horn neuronal nociceptive responses but does not change their touch stimuli reactions in unanesthetized curarized cats. this effect is steady to naloxone (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (5 mg/kg) and removal by prazosin (1 mg/kg). clophelin depresses nociceptive responses of the central gray matter neurones which generalized pain impulses in the supraspinal structures. | 1989 | 2804325 |
| genetic comparison of lav-related isolates. | lav/htlv-iii has been found to be the etiological cause of aids. this new human retrovirus has a selective tropism for t lymphocytes of the okt4/leu 3 subset, in which it induces a cytopathic effect. we have compared southern blot patterns of integrated proviral dnas from different individuals at risk or not using a nick-translated lav probe. we find that lav/htlv-iii is very similar to our haitian isolate and close to an isolate from an early-recognized (in 1982) aids case in new york. more var ... | 1987 | 2826003 |
| genetic comparison of lav-related isolates. | lav/htlv-iii has been found to be the etiological cause of aids. this new human retrovirus has a selective tropism for t lymphocytes of the okt4/leu 3 subset, in which it induces a cytopathic effect. we have compared southern blot patterns of integrated proviral dnas from different individuals at risk or not using a nick-translated lav probe. we find that lav/htlv-iii is very similar to our haitian isolate and close to an isolate from an early-recognized (in 1982) aids case in new york. more var ... | 1987 | 2826003 |
| three distinct forms of type 2a protein phosphatase in human erythrocyte cytosol. | two type 2a protein phosphatases, phosphatases i (mr = 180,000) and iii (mr = 177,000), were purified to near homogeneity from human erythrocyte cytosol. phosphatase i was composed of alpha (34 kda), beta (63 kda), and delta (74 kda) subunits in a ratio of 1:1:1. phosphatase iii comprised alpha, beta, and gamma (53 kda) subunits in the same ratio. heparin-sepharose column chromatography converted most of phosphatase i and 20% of phosphatase iii into alpha 1 beta 1 which were indistinguishable fr ... | 1988 | 2831201 |
| distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria. | we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ... | 1988 | 2832380 |
| study of plasmid screening amongst pathogenic bacteria isolated in nigeria. | clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, yersinia spp. and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. approximately 80% of these strains harboured plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.0 to 45 x 10(6) daltons. | 1988 | 2845756 |
| immunocytochemical studies of somatostatin neurons in brain. | immunohistochemical studies with antisera to somatostatin have, in many instances, led the way to our present understanding of the peptidergic nervous system. somatostatin was among the first of the hypophysiotropic hormones shown to be contained in diverse neuronal circuits outside of the hypothalamus. for example, somatostatin is found within neurons ranging in location from the cerebral cortex to primary sensory neurons to enteric neurons within the gut wall. somatostatin was also the first n ... | 1985 | 2863929 |
| excitatory amino acid transmitters in neuronal circuits of the cat visual cortex. | to test a possibility that glutamate (glu) and aspartate (asp) are transmitters in the visual cortex and to locate their operating sites in the cortical circuitry, we studied effects of microiontophoretic application of glu/asp antagonists on visual responses of cortical neurons in the cat. the antagonists tested were kynurenic acid (kyna), cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid, and gamma-d-glutamylglycine. among these antagonists, kyna was most effective in blocking visual responses of cortical ... | 1986 | 2870137 |
| integrating treatments in schizophrenia. | schizophrenia is a common and severe illness found throughout the world. onset is usually in adolescence and young adulthood, and many individuals have illness-related impairments for life. schizophrenia assaults the very essence of what is distinctly human. the personality is devastated, subjective experience and thought distorted, and the psychological building blocks of everyday life torn asunder. this article discusses diagnostic and conceptual considerations, pharmacotherapy, and interperso ... | 1986 | 2870478 |
| relationship of free intracellular calcium to the cytolytic activity of entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica adherence and destruction of host cells is required for in vivo pathogenicity; amebic in vitro adherence is mediated by a galactose- or n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable surface lectin (gal/galnac adherence lectin). free intracellular ca2+ concentration [( ca2+]i) was measured in living amebae and target cells during amebic cytolysis of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by utilizing the ca2+ probe fura-2 and computer-enhanced digit ... | 1988 | 2897335 |
| a selective inhibitor of camp-specific phosphodiesterase, ro 20-1724, has no effect on the quantal release of acetylcholine from the mouse phrenic nerve. | the indirect twitch response of the mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, partially paralysed by tubocurarine, was restored only by about 10% by ro 20-1724 at 2 to 280 microm. the solvent vehicle, dimethylsulphoxide, also showed the same effect to a similar extent. intracellular recordings with glass microelectrodes revealed that ro 20-1724 (40 microm) affected neither the resting membrane potential, the amplitude and frequency of miniature endplate potentials nor the amplitude of ... | 1988 | 2897454 |
| improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin. | as it was reported that correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huepo) is associated with improved sexual function, we conducted the present study to further delineate the mechanism(s) by which this is brought about. serum prolactin, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone (pth) levels were followed during 4 months of r-huepo therapy. within 4 months of treatment with r-huepo, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemog ... | 1989 | 2914405 |
| the protective effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on renal function in systemic sepsis. | to study the role of thromboxane in systemic sepsis and renal failure, peritonitis was induced surgically in 22 sheep, leading to local and systemic sepsis. a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, u63,557a (upjohn co, kalamazoo, mi) was given before surgery in five animals and 30 minutes after surgery in five animals. a typical picture of volume-loaded, normotensive, vasodilated septic shock developed in all animals. twenty four hours after induction of sepsis, the control group showed a m ... | 1989 | 2916566 |
| a follow up of t-cell subsets and of anti-m. leprae antibody titer as measured by the fla-abs test in melanesian leprosy patients under polychemotherapy. | melanesian leprosy patients from new caledonia were studied for the following parameters during the course of polychemotherapy: peripheral blood t-cell subsets, as identified in an immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies okt3 ("pan-t"), okt4 ("helper/inducer"), and okt8 ("cytotoxic-suppressor"), and anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies in the serum, as measured by the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test. a group of melanesian healthy subjects with no known exposure to m. lep ... | 1986 | 2940306 |
| dose-related effects of synthetic human beta-endorphin and naloxone on fed gastrointestinal motility. | in humans, plasma beta-endorphin levels rise during application of acute stressful stimuli (vertigo, cold pain, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) that induce gut motor disturbances. whereas it is possible that circulating beta-endorphin participates in the mediation of these central effects on gut motility, its role cannot be established solely on the basis of changes in plasma levels. therefore, we designed the present study to investigate 1) the dose-related effects of intravenous syn ... | 1986 | 2942039 |
| structure-activity relationships of sex steroid analogs determined in vitro in a thyroid hormone-responsive membrane ca2+-atpase model. | physiological concentrations of l-t4 were found previously to stimulate ca2+-atpase activity in vitro in reticulocyte membranes from female rabbits and to inhibit this enzyme in reticulocyte membranes from males. in these previous studies, preincubation of intact cells or ghosts with testosterone (5 x 10(-11) m) converted female-source reticulocyte membranes to male-type responsiveness to thyroid hormone (inhibition of ca2+-atpase activity). preincubation of reticulocyte membranes with 17 beta-e ... | 1986 | 2946570 |
| structure-activity relationships of sex steroid analogs determined in vitro in a thyroid hormone-responsive membrane ca2+-atpase model. | physiological concentrations of l-t4 were found previously to stimulate ca2+-atpase activity in vitro in reticulocyte membranes from female rabbits and to inhibit this enzyme in reticulocyte membranes from males. in these previous studies, preincubation of intact cells or ghosts with testosterone (5 x 10(-11) m) converted female-source reticulocyte membranes to male-type responsiveness to thyroid hormone (inhibition of ca2+-atpase activity). preincubation of reticulocyte membranes with 17 beta-e ... | 1986 | 2946570 |
| the biologic significance of the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture in humans. | the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture (mlkc) in humans has been studied in normal and abnormal clinical conditions. human renal cortical cells were extracted by collagenase treatment from the kidneys of "normal" heart-beating cadaver organ donors (n = 13), patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) at pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy and splenectomy (n = 13), and from irreversibly rejected renal allografts at the time of graft nephrectomy (n = 5). proliferation of peripheral blood t lymphocyt ... | 1985 | 2996186 |
| occurrence of small hsd plasmids in salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. | the natural occurrence of small hsd (host specificity for dna) plasmids was demonstrated in restriction endonuclease-producing strains of salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. the five hsd plasmids isolated were between 5.0 and 12.2 kilobases long. the copy number of all the hsd plasmids was high (more than 10 copies per cell). introduction of these small plasmids into e. coli strain 0 drastically lowered the efficiency of plating of the lambda.0 phages (the efficiency of plat ... | 1986 | 3003023 |
| differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro. | transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ... | 1986 | 3020557 |
| differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro. | transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ... | 1986 | 3020557 |
| exposure of sheep to natural aerosols of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | sheep taken individually and allowed to inhale air being drawn along a duct from a cabinet containing pigs acutely infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus for 10 or 15 minute periods were infected by doses as low as 10 tcid50 of virus. the most consistent and reliable indicators of infection were viraemia and seroconversion. the mean times from exposure to onset of viraemia, pyrexia and the appearance of vesicular lesions were 2.5, 3.8 and 4.7 days, respectively. neither the time from exposur ... | 1986 | 3020658 |
| production of restriction endonucleases using multicopy hsd plasmids occurring naturally in pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella boydii. | a convenient procedure has been devised for detection of restriction endonucleases in the escherichia coli-shigella group. with this procedure, two restriction endonucleases, designated sbo 13 and eco t22, were found and later were identified as isoschizomers of nrui and avaiii, respectively. these endonucleases were shown to be produced from small multicopy plasmids. they were isolated from nonpathogenic e. coli into which the plasmids had been introduced by transformation, and purified from co ... | 1986 | 3021586 |
| relative activities of 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in atrial and ventricular myocardium--the enzyme paradox. | the 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities were determined for tissue extracts of up to 10 defined regions of the normal dog heart. the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was very significantly higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium (4 x) and was also higher in right than in left sites of the heart (2 x). the reason for the markedly higher specific activity in atrial muscle is not clear and appears paradoxical relative to adenine nucleotide content and pattern of atp decay ... | 1986 | 3025011 |
| specificity of membrane complement receptor type three (cr3) for beta-glucans. | the binding of the ic3b receptor (cr3) to unopsonized zymosan was shown to result from cr3 attachment to cell wall beta-glucans. a specificity of neutrophil responses for beta-glucan was first suggested by a comparison of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall components for stimulation of a neutrophil superoxide burst. neutrophils responded poorly to heat-killed yeast, but gave increasingly better responses to cell wall polysaccharides devoid of proteins (zymosan) and nearly pure beta-gluca ... | 1987 | 3040332 |
| shigella boydii and shigella sonnei: serotype and drug susceptibility patterns in addis ababa, ethiopia (1974-85). | | 1988 | 3042365 |
| congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in shigella species. | smooth strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei which form pigmented colonies (pcr+) on congo red agar were virulent in the sereny test. smooth variants unable to bind congo red (pcr-) were avirulent. measurements of dye uptake from solution showed that s. dysenteriae type 1 bound the most dye, followed in order of uptake by s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. using the salt aggregation test (sat) to determine cell surface hydrophobicity, ... | 1988 | 3045151 |
| [etiologic structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985]. | the etiological structure of dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985 is characterized. sonne dysentery was found to prevail in the territories with adequate water supply, while dysentery caused by shigella flexneri prevailed at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply. s. dysenteriae and s. boydii were found to play a limited role in the etiology of dysentery. in the presence of global pandemic, an increase in the isolation rate of s. dysenteriae i in the ussr is observed. the data on the bio ... | 1988 | 3061262 |
| kluyvera species soft tissue infection: case report and review. | a soft tissue infection caused by kluyvera species in a previously healthy woman is described. successful treatment required incision and drainage of the wound in addition to administration of antibiotics. kluyvera species are indole positive, voges-proskauer negative members of the family enterobacteriaceae. previous reports of infection due to kluyvera species suggest that the organism is never more than an opportunistic pathogen; however, we report the first case of infection in a previously ... | 1988 | 3068255 |
| genetic relatedness of the basic replicon of the virulence plasmid in shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | the regions required for replication (rep) and for stable maintenance (stb) of the 230 kilobase virulence plasmid, pmysh6000, in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 were identified on the restriction enzyme sa/l fragments, c and o, respectively. the stable plasmid, pmysh6610, consisting of adjacent fragments c and o was found to belong to the incompatibility group fl. in all strains of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) tested, virulence plasmids were found to be highly homologous wit ... | 1988 | 3070262 |
| [beef-extract agar with sodium nucleinate as a medium for storage and stabilization of biological properties of shigella]. | | 1986 | 3078175 |
| [shigella serotypes and drug resistance patterns of strains isolated in etimesgut, turkey, in 1987]. | drug resistance patterns of shigella strains were investigated in a prospective manner in etimesgut district during a period of 1 year. thirty strains shigella were isolated, belonged to three subgroups with preponderance of sh. flexneri (70%), followed by sh. sonnei (27%) and sh. boydii (3%). the resistance was highest with streptomycin (80%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) (53%) and ampicillin (43%). only three strains (10%) were sensitive to all eight antibiotics tested. ... | 1988 | 3078794 |
| [improved method of lipopolysaccharide isolation from gram-negative bacteria]. | a modification of the traditional method for lipoplysaccharide isolation from the cells of grammnegative bacteria was elaborated on the basis of extraction by the hot water solution of phenol (the method of westfahl). to make the method simpler and to raise the yield of the product it was proposed to use the water-phenol extract without its division for plases. the nucleic acids are eliminated by precipitation from dialyzed extract at ph 3,2-3,4 achieved by addition of acetic acid. the comparati ... | 1987 | 3112564 |
| thermostable dipeptidase from bacillus stearothermophilus: its purification, characterization, and comparison with aminoacylase. | dipeptidase (dipeptide hydrolase [ec 3.4.13.11]) has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized from the cell extract of bacillus stearothermophilus ifo 12983. the enzyme has a molecular weight of about 86,000, and is composed of two subunits identical in molecular weight (43,000). the enzyme contains 2 g atoms of zinc per mol of protein. a variety of dipeptides consisting of glycine or only l-amino acids serve as substrates of the enzyme; km and vmax values for l-valyl-l-alanine are 0.5 mm a ... | 1988 | 3139645 |
| activity of glucosidase inhibitors against hiv infections. | | 1988 | 3182426 |
| genotoxicity of carcinogens in human hepatocytes: application in hazard assessment. | evaluation of chemical genotoxicity has been used in assessing human cancer hazard, based on the observation that most human carcinogens are known to be dna-reactive. the availability of data on the dna-reactivity of compounds in metabolically competent human cells would assist hazard assessment by providing direct information of human genotoxicity. to evaluate the reliability of human hepatocytes for this purpose, the induction of dna repair by dna-reactive carcinogens of several structural cla ... | 1988 | 3194919 |
| depression of intestinal epithelial cell production rate by hindgut bypass in rats. | influence of hindgut bypass on the epithelial cell production rates of the small and large intestine was tested in rats. hindgut bypass decreased cryptal cell production rates of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and distal colon by 40-65%. these results suggest that the entrance of ileal effluent into the hindgut and, presumably, the resultant microbial production of short-chain fatty acids are required to maintain the normal epithelial cell proliferation not only in the hindgut but also in the small ... | 1988 | 3249918 |
| effect of indomethacin on febrile response to recombinant human interleukin 1-alpha in rabbits. | effects of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (pg) synthesis, on the fever induced by recombinant human interleukin 1-alpha (rhil 1-alpha) was studied in conscious rabbits. intracerebroventricularly administered rhil 1-alpha induced a dose-dependent increase in colonic temperature that was prominently suppressed by pretreatment with indomethacin given either intracerebroventricularly or subcutaneously. on the other hand, fever induced by intravenous administration of rhil 1-alpha ... | 1988 | 3263055 |
| shigellosis associated with recreational water contact in los angeles county. | an outbreak of shigellosis associated with swimming at a human-made lake during the labor day weekend occurred in los angeles county in 1985. sixty-eight persons had onset of diarrheal illness within 1 week following exposure at the recreational site. thirty-three of these cases were culture-confirmed as shigellosis (29 shigella sonnei, 4 shigella boydii). fifteen persons were hospitalized. illness was highly associated with water contact, specifically swallowing water while swimming (p less tha ... | 1988 | 3275140 |
| quality of commercially produced shigella serogrouping and serotyping antisera. | shigella grouping antisera from five manufacturers and typing antisera from two were purchased and evaluated with homologous and heterologous shigella strains in the slide agglutination test. only 31 of 73 (42%) antisera were satisfactory. in many instances, the antisera gave negative, as opposed to weak, reactions when they should have given strong positive reactions. four reagents cross-reacted with shigella strains. of the 19 polyvalent grouping antisera to subgroups shigella dysenteriae sero ... | 1988 | 3281972 |
| large plasmid in shigella boydii is responsible for epithelial cell penetration. | a large plasmid in a virulent shigella boydii 5 strain was transferred to plasmid-cured avirulent strains of s. boydii 5, s. boydii 12, s. sonnei form ii, and escherichia coli k12. the transconjugants acquired the ability to invade tissue culture cells, which indicated that the large plasmid in s. boydii is responsible for epithelial cell invasiveness. | 1988 | 3287107 |