| a quantitative microanalysis of bacterial endotoxin using [3h]-labeled l-glycero-d-mannoheptitol as a marker. | quantitative microanalysis of bacterial endotoxin was performed using [3h]-labeled l-glycero-d-mannoheptitol (ld-heptitol) as a marker. several different amounts of authentic l-glycero-d-mannoheptose (ld-heptose) were reduced with 20 micrograms of cold nabh4 containing 2 micrograms of nab3h4 (40 ci/mmol) in 20 microliters of 1 mm naoh at 4 c for 48 hr. the product, [1-3h]-labeled ld-heptitol, has high specific activity, and was purified by hplc and detected using a liquid-scintillation counter. ... | 1993 | 8289688 |
| influence of endotoxin on nocturnal sleep in humans. | sleepiness is a common complaint during infectious diseases, but the interaction between sleep and host defense mechanisms has been poorly explored in humans. we therefore studied the effect of endotoxin, a major pathophysiological factor in gram-negative bacterial infections, on sleep and on parameters of the primary host response in men. in a single-blind counterbalanced trial, 15 healthy volunteers received either placebo or salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (0.4 ng/kg body wt) intravenously ... | 1993 | 8391756 |
| conversion of the salmonella phase 1 flagellin gene flic to the phase 2 gene fljb on the escherichia coli k-12 chromosome. | the escherichia coli-salmonella typhimurium-salmonella abortus-equi hybrid strain ej1420 has the two salmonella flagellin genes flic (antigenic determinant i) and fljb (determinant e,n,x) at the same loci as in the salmonella strains and constitutively expresses the flic gene because of mutations in the genes mediating phase variation. selection for motility in semisolid medium containing anti-i flagellum serum yielded 11 motile mutants, which had the active flic(e,n,x) and silent fljb(e,n,x) ge ... | 1993 | 8423149 |
| nucleotide sequence and regulated expression of the salmonella flja gene encoding a repressor of the phase 1 flagellin gene. | the nucleotide sequence of salmonella abortus-equi flja, which together with the phase 2 flagellin gene constitutes the fljba operon and encodes the repressor for the phase 1 flagellin gene flic, was determined. the repressor was predicted to be a basic protein consisting of 179 amino acid residues (m(r) = 20419 da) encoded by orfii. this was confirmed by the fact that host flic is repressed by plasmid-encoded orfii, which indeed expresses a 20 kda product as determined by urea sds-polyacrylamid ... | 1993 | 8437573 |
| a porcine model of hyperdynamic endotoxemia: pattern of respiratory, macrocirculatory, and regional blood flow changes. | systemic sepsis and multiple organ failure are frequent and often fatal complications after major surgery and trauma. in contrast to the biphasic hemodynamic pattern characteristically seen in patients, most experimental animal models have failed to reproduce the early, hyperdynamic phase of sepsis and endotoxemia. we have designed a standardized model of endotoxemia, which is elicited by continuous iv infusion of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin in anesthetized juvenile pigs (age 8-12 weeks). ... | 1993 | 8512888 |
| endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi) in cancer patients. clinical and immunological findings. | 1. lps phase i trial revealed mtd i of 1.0 ng/kg body weight and mtd ii of 5.0 ng/kg body weight, the latter given together with ibuprofen (1,600 mg). 2. lps phase ii trial, using 4,0 ng/kg body weight plus ibuprofen in a biweekly schedule didn't show any response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer but 1 cr and 2 pr (13% response rate) in colorectal cancer patients. 3. the lps tolerance is specific for each cytokine and mediator in regard to the kinetic and degree of its development. in ... | 1995 | 8524930 |
| structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for induction of anaphylactoid reactions by lipopolysaccharides. | structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for the induction of anaphylactoid reactions by salmonella abortusequi lipopolysaccharide were examined in endotoxin-resistant c3h/hej mice, with special focus on the disaccharide-pentapeptide [n-acetylglucosaminyl-beta(1-4)-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d -isoglutaminyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl (dap)-d-alanyl-d -alanine] and its smaller partial derivatives. the bacterial and synthetic muramyl tripeptides (dap- and lysine [ly ... | 1996 | 8550222 |
| effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on plasma cytokine and cytokine receptor levels and on the in vivo host response to endotoxin in healthy men. | we investigated the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) on cytokine and cytokine receptor plasma levels and on the in vivo host response to salmonella abortus equi endotoxin in healthy males. twenty volunteers received 0.8 ng/kg endotoxin and saline intravenously 1 week apart in randomized order. twelve hours before both experiments, 10 of these subjects were pretreated with 300 micrograms g-csf subcutaneously. g-csf itself increased granulocyte and monocyte counts and the p ... | 1996 | 8562960 |
| amelioration of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in pigs by hwa 138 and a 80 2715: new analogs of pentoxifylline. | we have evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of the xanthine derivatives hwa 138 (1-(5 hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-3-methylxanthine) and a 80,2715 (1-(5 hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine) on acute lung injury in endotoxemic pigs when administered following the septic insult. salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (lps) was given as a continuous intravenous infusion of 2 micrograms/kg/h over a period of 8 h. 1 h after the start of the lps infusion the animals received a bolus injectio ... | 1995 | 8574750 |
| influence of endotoxin on daytime sleep in humans. | administration of endotoxin in the evening has been shown to transiently suppress rapid eye movement (rem) and to promote non-rem sleep in humans. in a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, we assessed the effects of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin administered intravenously in the morning on the primary host response and on daytime sleep by use of a multiple napping protocol in healthy volunteers. the extent of the host response achieved by 0.8 ng of endotoxin per kg of body weigh ... | 1996 | 8606066 |
| release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 into bile and serum in murine endotoxin shock. | neutrophil-induced liver injury during endotoxemia is dependent on the adhesion molecules mac-1 (cd11b/cd18) on neutrophils and its counterreceptor on endothelial cells and hepatocytes, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1). to investigate a potential release of a soluble form of icam-1 (sicam-1), animals received 100 micrograms/kg salmonella abortus equi endotoxin alone or in combination with 700 mg/kg galactosamine. in endotoxin-sensitive mice (c3heb/fej), injection of endotoxin did not c ... | 1996 | 8617433 |
| aminoterminal propeptide of type iii procollagen: a marker of hepatic fibrosis after bile duct obstruction in the monkey. | in an experimental study in monkeys, liver fibrosis development after segmental bile duct obstruction was investigated and correlated with the aminoterminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp). | 1996 | 8682446 |
| expression of adhesion molecules on circulating pmn during hyperdynamic endotoxemia. | in a porcine model of hyperdynamic endotoxemia, we studied the numerical expression of l-selectin and beta 2-integrins on circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). functional changes of beta 2-integrins were determined by the adhesion of pmn to c3-coated zymosan particles. anesthesized pigs received a continuous infusion of salmonella abortus-equi endotoxin (5 micrograms.kg body wt-1.h-1) for 270 min (endotoxin group; n = 7). a control group received 0.9% nacl (n = 6). l-selectin had decre ... | 1996 | 8828683 |
| diurnal variations in the human host response to endotoxin. | to investigate diurnal variations in the host response to endotoxin, salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg) was given intravenously to healthy men in a placebo-controlled design at 0900 or 1900 h. the time course of rectal temperature and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor- alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6), adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), and cortisol were monitored for 11 h following the injections. the time of day did not affect the endotoxin-induced increase in plasm ... | 1996 | 8896506 |
| phase ii trial of intravenous endotoxin in patients with colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer. | we report the immunological and clinical results of a phase ii trial with intravenously administered highly purified endotoxin (salmonella abortus equi) in patients with advanced cancer. 15 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 27 with colorectal cancer were entered into the study. 37 evaluable patients received at least four injections of endotoxin (4 ng/kg body weight) and 1600 mg ibuprofen orally in 2-week intervals. transient renal (who grade 0-1) and hepatic (who grade 0-4) toxicitie ... | 1996 | 8983279 |
| endotoxicity does not limit the use of bacterial ghosts as candidate vaccines. | gram-negative bacterial ghosts produced by controlled expression of the plasmid-encoded lysis gene e offers a promising approach in non-living vaccine technology. bacterial cell wall complex and hence the antigenic determinants of the living cells are not affected by denaturation due to cell killing. however, the endotoxin content of the gram-negative cell wall has been discussed as a potential problem for this kind of whole cell or envelope vaccines. here we show that bacterial ghosts prepared ... | 1997 | 9066038 |
| neutrophil margination and extravasation in sinusoids and venules of liver during endotoxin-induced injury. | neutrophils contribute to liver damage during endotoxin shock. the objective of this investigation was to document where neutrophils localize in the hepatic vasculature and whether they migrate out of sinusoids or postsinusoidal venules. a well-characterized model of galactosamine and endotoxin shock and immunostaining for neutrophil-associated migration inhibition factor-related protein complex 8/14 s100 calcium-binding proteins were used. treatment of c3heb/fej mice with 100 micrograms/kg salm ... | 1997 | 9176230 |
| transcriptional activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene in vivo and its role in the pathophysiology of neutrophil-induced liver injury in murine endotoxin shock. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) can cause hepatic parenchymal cell injury during endotoxin (et) shock. because adhesion molecules are critical for inflammatory cell damage, the role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vcam-1) was studied in the pathophysiology of et shock. et-sensitive mice (c3heb/fej) were treated with 700 mg/kg galactosamine in combination with 100 microg/kg salmonella abortus equi et, 15 microg/kg tnf-alpha, or 13 to 23 microg/kg il-1. vcam-1 mrna formation was s ... | 1997 | 9190948 |
| an outbreak of abortion in mares associated with salmonella abortusequi infection. | an abortion outbreak occurred in a herd of 38 horses, 26 of which were pregnant mares. twenty-one mares aborted between 5-10 months of gestation. in no case were there indications of impending abortion. pathoanatomical, histopathological, virological and bacteriological examinations were carried out on 4 aborted fetuses. histopathology identified gram-negative bacteria compatible with salmonella in all 4 placentae. by subsequent bacteriological examination salmonella abortusequi was isolated as ... | 1997 | 9234017 |
| effects of adenosine on cardiopulmonary functions and oxygen-derived variables during endotoxemia. | to determine the effects of a prophylactic intravenous infusion of adenosine on cardiopulmonary functions and oxygen-derived variables in a porcine model of endotoxemia. | 1998 | 9468172 |
| activation of caspase 3 (cpp32)-like proteases is essential for tnf-alpha-induced hepatic parenchymal cell apoptosis and neutrophil-mediated necrosis in a murine endotoxin shock model. | endotoxin (et)-induced liver failure is characterized by parenchymal cell apoptosis and inflammation leading to liver cell necrosis. members of the caspase family have been implicated in the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis. the aim of this study was to characterize et-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis and to investigate their effect on neutrophil-mediated liver injury. treatment of c3heb/fej mice with 700 mg/kg galactosamine (gal) and 100 microg/kg salmonella abortus equi ... | 1998 | 9531309 |
| different efficacy of soluble cd14 treatment in high- and low-dose lps models. | about 50% of septic shock cases are attributed to gram-negative bacteria or their cell wall compound lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin). an attractive therapeutic strategy could target the binding of lps to its cellular receptors. in vitro the soluble form of the endotoxin receptor cd14 (scd14) competitively prevents binding of lps to membrane-bound cd14 and inhibits lps-stimulated macrophage responses. | 1998 | 9568466 |
| endotoxin-induced changes in sleep and sleepiness during the day. | sleepiness is a common symptom of infectious diseases. however, the peculiarities and causes of impaired vigilance during host defense activation are largely unknown. it has been shown earlier that mild host defense activation by endotoxin does not affect daytime sleepiness and non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep in humans. in the present study we investigated the effects of a more intensive stimulation of the host defense by salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg), administered 12 h follo ... | 1998 | 9802118 |
| salmonella abortus equi endotoxin does not affect leptin plasma levels in healthy humans. | | 1999 | 10068609 |
| lipopolysaccharides (lps) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages in a way different from that of salmonella lps. | some lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations from s- or r-form members of the family enterobacteriaceae and oral black-pigmented bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia) are known to activate lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages. when contaminating proteins are removed from r-form lps of enterobacteriaceae by repurification, however, this ability is lost. in the present study, we investigated the capacity of lps from p. gingivalis, p. intermedia, salmonella minnesota, and salmon ... | 1999 | 10085012 |
| protective effect of pentoxifylline plus thalidomide against septic shock in mice. | mortality caused by septic shock in experimental animals is reduced by thalidomide, an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha. another drug that could act on the pathophysiological mechanisms of septic shock is pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation that increases the flexibility of the erythrocyte membrane and has fibrinolytic activity. we studied the effect of pentoxifylline alone and combined with thalidomide in septic shock; 97 nih mice were injected with lipopolysaccharides ... | 1999 | 10365082 |
| salmonella abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid responsible for virulence in mice. | most salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid, psa95. results of pcr and southern blot analysis suggest that psa95 contains spv genes. a psa95-cured strain of s. abortusequi was 48 times less virulent to mice than its parental strain. virulence was restored by reintroduction of psa95. these results provide clear evidence that psa95 confers virulence on s. abortusequi in mice. this is the first report describing a virulence pla ... | 1999 | 10510045 |
| the effect of cold stimulation to the face on the metabolic rate of the febrile piglet. | sudden infant death syndrome has been associated with winter climates, infection, and overwrapping of babies. the hypothesis has been tested in this laboratory that two different causes of increased metabolic rate, high core temperature (via the van't hoff or 'q10' effect) and face-cooling, might synergistically induce hyperthermia. this proved not to be the case. we now report on a 'febrile' state adding salmonella abortus equi pyrogens. the combination of face-cooling and pyrogen administratio ... | 2000 | 10729721 |
| acute endotoxemia protracts leukocyte / endothelium interaction after local ischemia and reperfusion in striated muscle. | postischemic reperfusion injury and endotoxemia have been shown to promote multiple organ failure in polytraumatized patients. both pathomechanisms comprise endothelial injury, leukocyte activation, and enhanced leukocyte/endothelium interaction in the microcirculation. using a dorsal skinfold chamber model for intravital microscopy in striated muscle of awake hamsters, we investigated whether acute endotoxemia enhances postischemic leukocyte/endothelium interaction. - in control animals (n = 8) ... | 2000 | 10756162 |
| characterization of large plasmids encoding resistance to toxic heavy metals in salmonella abortus equi. | salmonella abortus equi vaccine strains were found to be resistant to high levels of toxic heavy metals--arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and mercury. the two strains 157 and 158 were resistant to ampicillin also. curing of these strains resulted in loss of one or more resistance marker indicating plasmid borne resistance. plasmid profile of strain 157 showed presence of three plasmids of 85, 54, and 0.1 kb, whereas 158 strain showed presence of 85 kb and 2 kb plasmids. plasmids were isolated from st ... | 2000 | 10872795 |
| cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans. | infectious, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with profound psychological disturbances. studies in animals clearly demonstrate that cytokines mediate illness-associated behavioral changes. however, the mechanisms underlying the respective psychological alterations in humans have not been established yet. therefore, we investigated the effects of low-dose endotoxemia, a well-established and safe model of host-defense activation, on emotional, cognitive, immunological, and ... | 2001 | 11343523 |
| hypercholesterolemia alters endotoxin-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. | while there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that hypercholesterolemia prior to the onset of atherosclerosis renders tissues more susceptible to inflammation, the mechanisms that underlie this exaggerated inflammatory response remain poorly defined. the overall objective of this study was to assess the influence of hypercholesterolemia on endotoxin-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule (cam) expression in different vascular beds. another objective was to determine whether the altere ... | 2001 | 11442315 |
| effects of sleep on endotoxin-induced host responses in healthy men. | to examine whether increased sleep during viral or bacterial infections supports host defense mechanisms. | 2001 | 11485110 |
| differential clearance and induction of host responses by various administered or released lipopolysaccharides. | the clearance and activity of different types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) released during infection with gram-negative bacteria were investigated. when highly purified preparations differing in their specific endotoxin activity were administered intravenously to mice, the clearance of rough (r)-form lps preparations from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli was much faster than that of a smooth (s)-form lps preparation from salmonella abortus equi, but slower than that of lipo-oligosacchari ... | 2001 | 11753211 |
| endotoxin induces respiratory failure and increases surfactant turnover and respiration independent of alveolocapillary injury in rats. | although endotoxin-induced acute lung injury is associated with inflammation, alveolocapillary injury, surfactant dysfunction, and altered lung mechanics, the precise sequence of these changes is polemic. we have studied the early pathogenesis of acute lung injury in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats after intravenous infusion of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin. the animals became hypoxic, and airway resistance, tissue resistance, lung elastance, and static compliance all deteriorated ... | 2002 | 12045126 |
| role of submandibular salivary glands in lps-induced lung inflammation in rats. | literature data suggest that rodent salivary glands can exert a neuroimmunomodulatory influence on distant inflammatory events. the release of regulatory factors by salivary glands appears to be influenced by time-dependent factors. in this paper we examined this possibility directly by studying the role of submandibular salivary glands in the temporal profile of lypopolysaccharide (lps)-induced lung inflammation in rats. | 2002 | 12372980 |
| [biological effects of a highly purified pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide) from salmonella abortus equi]. | | 1955 | 13298644 |
| [biological effects of a highly purified pyrogen (lipopolysaccaride) from salmonella abortus equi]. | | 1955 | 13298649 |
| [effect of pyrogens (lipopolysaccharides) from salmonella abortus equi on the osmotic & mechanical resistance of white blood cells in normal persons]. | | 1958 | 13592199 |
| [not available]. | | 1958 | 13601093 |
| [effects of lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortus equi and of its association with atp on chondrioma of the kidney and liver of the rat and of the kidney of the rabbit]. | | 1960 | 13697094 |
| [effect of a lipopolysaccharide extract of salmonella abortus equi on the radiological course of cavernous tuberculosis resistant to antibiotics]. | | 1960 | 13698407 |
| [studies on the agglutination of salmonella abortus-equi. i. a comparison of the agglutinative activity between s. abortus-equi and the other b-group salmonella]. | | 1961 | 13768221 |
| effects of neonatal and infantile vaccination with the killed organisms on experimental salmonella abortus-equi infection in mice. | | 1962 | 13960139 |
| a salmonella abortusequi bacterin prepared by treating suspensions of the organism with formalin and chrome alum. | | 1955 | 14390964 |
| [studies on the agglutination of salmonella abortus equi. ii. research on a factor influencing agglutinative activity]. | | 1961 | 14471265 |
| endotoxin translocation in two models of experimental acute pancreatitis. | to test the hypothesis that endotoxin is absorbed from the gut into the circulation in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis we studied two different animal models. in the first model necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by the ligation of the distal bilio-pancreatic duct while in the second, experimental oedematous acute pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous injections of caerulein. in both experiments, in the colon of rats with acute pancreatitis endotoxin from salmonella abortus equi w ... | 2003 | 14754510 |
| tnf alpha measurement in rat and human whole blood as an in vitro method to assay pyrogens and its inhibition by dexamethasone and erythromycin. | to ensure the safety of potential drugs, pyrogen tests are traditionally performed in rabbits. new methods have been developed as alternatives to the test to reduce the use of experimental animals. among these methods there are the limulus amoebocyte lysate test and the determination of cytokine production by human leukocytes and whole blood. when exposed to a range of concentrations of endotoxins, human and rat whole blood release tnfalpha at amounts that are detectable by a commercially availa ... | 2004 | 15389671 |
| [new aspects of infection of equidae by salmonella abortus equi]. | | 1950 | 15430619 |
| attenuation of leukocyte sequestration by selective blockade of pecam-1 or vcam-1 in murine endotoxemia. | molecular mechanisms regulating leukocyte sequestration into the tissue during endotoxemia and/or sepsis are still poorly understood. this in vivo study investigates the biological role of murine pecam-1 and vcam-1 for leukocyte sequestration into the lung, liver and striated skin muscle. | 2004 | 15591740 |
| effects of prior hypoxia exposure, endotoxin and sleep state on arousal ability to airway obstruction in piglets: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. | respiratory tract infections may be an important component in many deaths attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (sids), although the mechanism of involvement remains unclear. | 2005 | 15908744 |
| development of a pcr system for the characterisation of salmonella flagellin genes. | analysis of flagellin genes was carried out on strains of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella hadar, salmonella abortusequi, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum serovars, using a pcr system designed in this study. the purpose of these studies was to explore the flagellin genes of biphasic and monophasic salmonellae for future targeted genetic interventions. the pcr primers were designed for two different structural genes of flagellin (flic, fljb), for the repressor of flic (flja), fo ... | 2005 | 15959975 |
| binding of porcine ficolin-alpha to lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acids from gram-positive bacteria. | protein(s) reactive with n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) was isolated from porcine nonimmune serum. the molecular weight of the purified protein was found to be mainly 40 kda on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. the n-terminal 10 amino acid sequence of the purified protein were found to be identical to that of porcine ficolin-alpha reported previously. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the purified protein was found to react with lipopolysac ... | 2006 | 15964070 |
| salmonella lipopolysaccharide (lps) mediated neurodegeneration in hippocampal slice cultures. | neuroinflammation has been suggested to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) endotoxins are general activators of immune-cells, including microglial cells, which induce expression of pro-inflammatory factors. the aim of this study was to characterize neurodegenerative effects of exposure to lps, derived from salmonella abortus equi bacteria, in an in vitro brain slice culture system. quasi-monolayer cultures were o ... | 2005 | 16371315 |
| development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting equine serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortusequi. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) was developed for the detection of equine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi (lps), a causative organism of equine paratyphoid. the data presented demonstrates that horses immunized with s. abortusequi lps developed antibodies detectable by the ielisa. by comparison, the tube agglutination test (tat) did not detect antibody to s. abortusequi lps as consistently as the ielisa. the ... | 2006 | 16483621 |
| the demonstration of phase variation in salmonella abortus-equi. | | 1939 | 16560239 |
| a note on salmonella abortus-equi infection in man. | | 1946 | 16561148 |
| protective effects of sugar cane extract on endotoxic shock in mice. | sugar cane extract (sce) has been shown to have an immunostimulating effect in chickens. this study evaluated the effect of sce on salmonella abortusequi lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced lethal shock in d-galactosamine (galn)-sensitized mice. mice were administered intraperitoneally sce (500 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline before or after injection of lps and galn. all the mice injected with lps and galn (control group) died of histopathologically congestive and hemorrhagic hepatic insuffici ... | 2006 | 16619363 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide, a regulator of nuclear factor-kappab activation in vivo. | natriuretic peptides (nps) comprise a family of vasoactive hormones that play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. along this line, atrial np (anp) (international non-proprietary name: carperitide, hanp) is an approved drug for the treatment of acute heart failure. in recent years, evidence has been given that the np system possesses a far broader biological spectrum than the regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis. in fact, a substantial amount ... | 2007 | 17008392 |
| a stabilizer of antigenic phases in salmonella abortus-equi. | | 1961 | 17248073 |
| [protective effect of cortisone against the anti-cellular action of endotoxins]. | in vitro studies with the phase contrast microscope. the protective effect of sodium 6-methyl-prednisolone hemisuccinate against the effects of a purified salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide were investigated in the rabbit. the intravenous injection of 8 mg of the cortisone derivative simultaneously with the injection of the endotoxin considerably attenuated the febbrile and leukopenic action of the latter. the rate of locomotion of the leukocytes in the peripheral blood in animals treate ... | 1969 | 17342936 |
| increased tnf expression in cd43++ murine blood monocytes. | monocyte heterogeneity has been studied extensively in man but only recently tools have been developed to study blood monocyte populations in the mouse. we have used the macgreen mouse model, which expresses the green fluorescent protein under the control of the promoter of the murine m-csf receptor (csf1 receptor, c-fms). since both monocytes and granulocytes show gfp expression in this model the latter cells were excluded by staining with the ly6g granulocyte marker. gfp+ ly6g- blood monocytes ... | 2008 | 18468696 |
| comparative analysis of protein profiles of wild virulent (e156) and aroa-htra double deletion mutant vaccine strain (s30) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi under in vivo and in vitro growth conditions. | in the present study, cell lysate and cell supernatant of the both strains i.e., virulent wild type (e156) and mutant (s30) vaccine strains of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortusequi (s. abortusequi), grown under varied in vivo and in vitro conditions were subjected to sds page and western blotting (using rabbit hyperimmune serum). variation in growth conditions did not have any significant effect on expression of different proteins. sds page of e156 and s30 cell lysate (cl) ... | 2008 | 18949890 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cell surface receptors and cell activation of neutrophils and monocytes in whole human blood. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) activates neutrophils and monocytes, inducing a wide array of biological activities. lps rough (r) and smooth (s) forms signal through toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), but differ in their requirement for cd14. since the r-form lps can interact with tlr4 independent of cd14 and the differential expression of cd14 on neutrophils and monocytes, we used the s-form lps from salmonella abortus equi and the r-form lps from salmonella minnesota mutants to evaluate lps-induced activa ... | 2010 | 20721471 |
| a note of salmonella abortus-equi infection in man. | | 1946 | 20994885 |
| hyperoxic ventilation improves survival in pigs during endotoxaemia at the critical hemoglobin concentration. | recently it has been demonstrated that short term hyperoxic ventilation (hv) can improve glucose metabolism, reduce pulmonary and hepatic apoptosis, and improve gastrointestinal perfusion during acute sepsis. however, it is unknown whether additional o(2) improves survival. therefore we investigated the effects of increased plasma o(2) on survival during extreme anaemia and concomitant endotoxaemia in order to quantify the efficacy of hv. | 2011 | 21227565 |
| dendritic cells activate and mature after infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | abstract: | 2011 | 21777464 |
| [jaundice in infants]. | | 1999 | 96505 |
| indomethacin abolishes core temperature but neither cardiovascular nor renal responses to lipopolysaccharide in conscious lambs. | (1). core temperature (tc), cardiovascular, and renal responses to lipopolysaccharide (lps) as well as the role of endogenously produced prostaglandins (pg's) in influencing these responses were investigated in conscious, chronically instrumented lambs. (2). tc, mean arterial pressure (map), heart rate (hr), renal blood flow (rbf), and several parameters of renal function were measured for 30 min before and for 5 h after intravenous (i.v.) injection of 0.03 μg·kg(-1) of the lps salmonella abortu ... | 2011 | 21585420 |
| protective effects of antimicrobial peptides derived from the beetle allomyrina dichotoma defensin on endotoxic shock in mice. | synthetic peptides, arg-leu-tyr-leu-arg-ile-gly-arg-arg-nh2 (peptide a) and arg-leu-arg-leu-arg-ile-gly-arg-arg-nh2 (peptide b), derived from the beetle allomyrina dichotoma defensin, have not only antimicrobial activities but also anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-alpha) production. in the present study, we evaluated the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding activities and the protective effects of these peptides on lps-induced lethal shock in d-galactosamine ( ... | 2006 | 16399628 |
| reactive nitrogen intermediate production and tolerance variability in different mouse strains after in vivo treatment with lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation in animal models generates a large number of immune factors including cytokines and mediators. it also acts as a potent inducer of macrophage reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni). rni as stable metabolites of nitric oxide (no) are produced by cells stimulated with lps and cytokines. in this study, lps from salmonella abortus equi was investigated as an inducer of rni in untreated controls and test groups of white naval medic ... | 2005 | 15986065 |
| do calcium-mediated cellular signalling pathways, prostaglandin e2 (pge2), estrogen or progesterone receptor antagonists, or bacterial endotoxins affect bovine placental function in vitro? | the major objective of this experiment was to determine whether the bovine placenta could be stimulated to secrete progesterone, since the bovine placenta secretes little progesterone when the corpus luteum is functional. secondly, we wanted to determine whether reported abortifacients or progesterone or estrogen receptor antagonists affected bovine placental prostaglandin secretion. the ovine placenta secretes half of the circulating progesterone at day 90 of pregnancy and pge2 appears to regul ... | 2004 | 15287156 |
| endotoxin effects on markers of autonomic nervous system function in the piglet: implications for sids. | the hypothesis was tested in 30 newborn piglets that the effects of a low dose of endotoxin (1 microg i.v. bolus; salmonella abortus equi) would impair autonomic nervous system function. two tests of autonomic function were performed following external warming (pre-endotoxin) and during endotoxin-generated thermogenesis: (1) analysis of heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains and (2) baroreflex sensitivity measured following intravenous injection of the vasoactive drugs nitropru ... | 2004 | 15044824 |
| periodontal ligament cells under intermittent tensile stress regulate mrna expression of osteoprotegerin and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 and -2. | we studied the mrna expression of osteoprotegerin (opg), receptor activator of nf-kappa b ligand (rankl), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease (timp)-1 and -2, and matrix metalloprotease (mmp)-1 and -2 by human periodontal ligament (pdl) cells under intermittent tensile stress using a flexercell strain unit. analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that mechanical force upregulated opg mrna. we also demonstrated that the protein concentration of opg in conditioned ... | 2004 | 14999519 |
| endotoxin-induced changes in food consumption in healthy volunteers are associated with tnf-alpha and il-6 secretion. | this study examined the effects of endotoxin administration on food and water consumption in humans, and the associations between these changes and endotoxin-induced secretion of cytokines, cortisol, and fever. twenty healthy male volunteers received an i.v. injection of salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg) or saline in two experimental sessions. blood samples were collected hourly, and rectal temperature was monitored continuously. food consumption was significantly reduced at 0-4 h an ... | 2002 | 12383455 |
| modulation of tnf and gm-csf release from dispersed human nasal polyp cells and human whole blood by inhibitors of different pde isoenzymes and glucocorticoids. | the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the inhibitors of different pde isoenzymes (pde 1-5) on the production of two pro-inflammatory cytokines - tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). two in vitro models were used to compare the antiinflammatory properties of pde inhibitors with that of glucocorticoids. the effect on tnf release from diluted human blood following lipopolysaccharide (lps from salmonella abortus equi) stimula ... | 2002 | 11969359 |
| overproduction of monokines by leukocytes after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in the elderly. | the elderly suffer from an impaired immune function being obvious in a higher susceptibility to infections. especially the rate of complications after infection with salmonella, normally confined to the gastrointestinal tract, is raised. we compared in a whole blood assay and in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) the secretion of interleukin (il)-1-beta, il-6, il-8 and tnf-alpha, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharid (lps) from salmonella abortus equi and escherichi ... | 2002 | 11772509 |
| changes in dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) and dhea-sulfate plasma levels during experimental endotoxinemia in healthy volunteers. | dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) and dhea-sulfate (dhea-s) have immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. additionally, their plasma levels are altered during chronic infection and inflammation. however, it remains unknown whether these steroids are involved in early host responses to infection in humans. we examined dhea and dhea-s levels during experimental endotoxinemia, a well established pathophysiological model of bacterial infections in humans. purified salmonella abortus equi endotoxin ... | 2000 | 11134118 |
| increased p-selectin gene expression in the liver vasculature and its role in the pathophysiology of neutrophil-induced liver injury in murine endotoxin shock. | we studied the role of p-selectin, an adhesion molecule known to be important for neutrophil localization to sites of inflammation, in a model of inflammatory liver injury. male c3heb/fej (et-sensitive) mice treated with 700 mg/kg galactosamine and 100 microg/kg salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (gal/et), murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha, 15 microg/kg), or interleukin-1 (il-1, 13-23 microg/kg), showed increased p-selectin mrna levels in the liver. in contrast, c3h/hej (et-resistant) ... | 1998 | 9500515 |
| downregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine response to endotoxin by pretreatment with the nontoxic lipid a analog sdz mrl 953 in cancer patients. | interfering with the endotoxin-mediated cytokine cascade is thought to be a promising approach to prevent septic complications in gram-negative infections. the synthetic lipid a analog sdz mrl 953 has been shown to be protective against endotoxic shock and bacterial infection in preclinical in vivo models. as part of a trial of unspecific immunostimulation in cancer patients, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled phase i trial of sdz mrl 953 to investigate, first, its biolo ... | 1997 | 9269788 |
| formaldehyde inhalation during pregnancy abolishes the development of acute innate inflammation in offspring. | formaldehyde (fa) is an environmental and occupational pollutant that induces programming mechanisms on the acquired immune host defense in offspring when exposed during the prenatal period. hence, here we investigated whether the exposure of fa on pregnant rats could affect the development of an innate acute lung injury in offspring induced by lipopolissacaride (lps) injection. pregnant wistar rats were exposed to fa (0.92 mg/m(3)) or vehicle (distillated water), both 1 h/day, 5 days/week, from ... | 2015 | 25845602 |
| beneficial effects of vitamin c treatment on pregnant rats exposed to formaldehyde: reversal of immunosuppression in the offspring. | inhalation of formaldehyde (fa) during the pregnancy induces oxidative stress in the uterus, and here we hypothesized that this mechanism may be responsible for the impaired immune response detected in the offspring. in order to investigate the protective effects of vitamin c on the oxidative stress induced by fa in the uterine microenvironment, pregnant wistar rats were treated with vitamin c (150mg/kg, gavage) or vehicle (distilled water, gavage) 1h before fa exposure (0.92mg/m(3), 1h/day, 5da ... | 2016 | 27020608 |
| amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality. | this study presents an investigation of amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. the following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (brucella spp., leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (brucella spp., leptospira spp., sa ... | 2016 | 27853717 |
| aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi in the horse. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of s. abortusequi abortion. the 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. the owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and s. abortusequi was not isolat ... | 2016 | 27271985 |
| chemical structure of the somatic antigen isolated from salmonella abortusequi (o4). | a neutral o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella abortusequi o4 bacterium (previously serogroup b). as determined by compositional analyses and nmr spectroscopy, the o-polysaccharide consists of four or five residues in the repeating subunit. the assigned structures are: alpha-abep -->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1--> and alpha-abep alpha-d-glcp -->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alph ... | 2009 | 19058946 |