| bacterial stalk rot of maize, its symptoms and host-range. | stalk rot of maize, caused by erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae sabet (re-designated as pectobacterium chrysanthemi pathovar. zeae by kelman 1974) showed first premature withering and drying up of the uppermost leaves which was soon followed by the lower leaves. the rot either extended from the base upwards (basal rot) or from the top downwards (top rot). in the case of basal rot, the leaves become yellow and the infected tissue becomes brown, soft, and water soaked. internally, the stalk turns int ... | 1977 | 857508 |
| studies on certain aspects of chemical control of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize. | sandoz seed dressing 6335 showing high efficacy in checking the growth of the maize stalk rot pathogen erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae sabet in culture. brestan, antracol, difolatan, aratan, duter, ceresan wet, flit-406, cuman, blitox-50, streptocycline, agrimycin, terramycin, actidione, aureomycin, chloromycetin, penicillin g, and streptomycin were moderately effective. the rest of the 35 chemicals was negligible in its influence. 15 different chemicals, namely agrimycin, streptocycline, chlorom ... | 1977 | 857509 |
| [effect of a uniform magnetic field on erwinia carotovora bacteriophage 62]. | | 1977 | 865310 |
| endophthalmitis caused by an erwinia species. | a 14-year-old boy developed exogenous endophthalmitis presumably caused by an erwinia species. to our knowledge, this is the firs reported case of endophthalmitis caused by an erwinia species, which has been considered pathogenic for only the last ten years. the endophthalmitis developed after a piece of wood penetrated the patient's sclera. after removal of the foreign body, the patient received intravitreally and subconjunctivally administered gentamicin sulfate, intramuscularly administered c ... | 1977 | 871265 |
| unusual susceptibility of erwinia amylovora to antibacterial agents in relation to the barrier function of its cell envelope. | wild-type strains of the bacterial phytopathogen erwinia amylovora (the cause of fire blight disease of apples and pears) are markedly susceptible to novobiocin, deoxycholate, and sodium dodecyl (= lauryl) sulfate. the inhibitory concentration, expressed as the concentration causing a 99% inhibition of growth, of these three antibacterial agents were 15 to 100, 40 to 800, and 50 to 800 mug/ml, respectively, depending on the e. amylovora strain. growth of strains of other erwinia spp. and salmone ... | 1977 | 879740 |
| [study of the drug resistance of bacteria of the genus erwinia]. | sensitivity of 788 strains of erwinia isolated from natural substrates and received from other laboratories was studied with respect to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and kanamycin. it was found that 346 (43.9 per cent) strains were drug resistant. however, the levels of the resistance to most of the drugs tested were not high and amounted to 5-10 gamma/ml. penicillin resistance was the most frequent characteristics of the strains studied (341 strains). the resistance le ... | 1977 | 883805 |
| zeatin ribonucleosides in the transfer ribonucleic acid of rhizobium leguminosarum, agrobacterium tumefaciens, corynebacterium fascians, and erwinia amylovora. | until recently, the presence in transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) of the hydroxylated cytokinin ribosylzeatin [n6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)adenosine]was thought to be unique to higher plants. this extension of work from several laboratories indicates the presence of 2-methylthioribosylzeatin in the trna of the plant-associated bacteria rhizobium leguminosarum, agrobacterium tumefaciens, and corynebacterium fascians, but not in that of erwinia amylovora. this cytokinin has the cis configurati ... | 1977 | 893341 |
| group ve-2 (chromobacterium typhiflavum) bacteremia. | group ve-2 (chromobacterium typhiflavum) bacteremia occurred in a severely traumatized, post-neurosurgical patient. a discussion of the clinical occurrence of the organism, bacteriological characteristics, and antibiotic sensitivities is presented. | 1977 | 914996 |
| donor strains of the soft-rot bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi and conjugational transfer of the pectolytic capacity. | donor strains of erwinia chrysanthemi icpb ec16, a member of the soft-rot (pectolytic) section of the enterobacterial genus erwinia, were obtained by chromosomal integration of an f'lac(+) plasmid originating from escherichia coli. these stable donor strains, selected from an unstable f'lac(+) heterogenote by repeated platings of single lac(+) colonies on lactose minimal agar, do not segregate (as does the parent f'lac(+) heterogenote) into lac(-) or f(-) clones, in either the presence or absenc ... | 1977 | 924974 |
| [sepsis due to enterobacter agglomerans erwinia herbicola]. | | 1976 | 935595 |
| [adsorption and reproduction of bacteriophages in erwinia carotovora]. | | 1976 | 948268 |
| [amino acid decarboxylation by bacteria of the genus erwinia under aerobic conditions]. | | 1976 | 967051 |
| [effect of calcium and magnesium ions on growth and cell division of erwinia carotovora]. | | 1976 | 969578 |
| bacteria within ovules and seeds. | surface-sterilized ovules and seeds of 27 species of plants were cultured in the water of syneresis of a nutrient medium low in agar content. bacteria were obtained from 30% of the ovules, 15% of the seeds of herbaceous plants, 16% of the seeds of woody plants, 5.4% of the overwintered noncereal seeds, and 13.5% of overwintered cereal seeds. in no instance did every ovule or seed of a plant species contain bacteria. no bacteria were obtained from the hard, waxy seeds of mimosa or yellowwood. the ... | 1976 | 984839 |
| an investigation of the electronic and steric environments of tyrosyl residues in ribonuclease a and erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase through fluorescence quenching by caesium, iodide and phosphate ions. | the fluorescence lifetimes and relative quantum yields of several derivatives of tyrosine are reported. the quenching of the fluorescence of these compounds by phosphate, caesium and iodide ions has been investigated; the encounter rate constants, calculated from the quenching parameters and lifetimes, show a clear dependence on the charges borne by the quenchers and fluorophores. the ratio of the stern-volmer constants of iodide and caesium, ions of similar size, defines an electrostatic parame ... | 1976 | 986170 |
| vaginal discharge and enterobacter agglomerans. | | 1976 | 990772 |
| [action of phytopathogenic bacteria of the genera erwinia and pseudomonas on some destructive insects]. | | 1976 | 994868 |
| [taxonomic importance of fermentation balances of enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)]. | fermentation balances have been studied on 66 strains from 9 taxa of enterobacteriaceae. in addition, 6 strains of aeromonas have been investigated. among these fermentation balances, 7 types could be distinguished. it was shown, that the taxa of enterobacteriaceae differed with respect to the balance types involved. this is true especially for vp-positive taxa. for example, hafnia, the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group, enterobacter cloacae and erwinia are to some extend characterized by d ... | 1976 | 998036 |
| tumour regression with liposome-entrapped asparaginase: some immunological advantages. | | 1976 | 1001619 |
| [formation and structure of oval aggregates of erwinia herbicola cells]. | formation and structure of oval aggregates were studied by electron and light microscopy of the cells of erwinia herbicola. some cells in these cultures were found to synthesize extracellular slime which caused the formation of the aggregates. as has been established by cytochemical techniques, the slime consists mainly of polysaccharides. the aggregates are compact groups of cells submerged into the slime whose bulk is located at the periphery. formation of slime synthesizing cells in the cultu ... | 1976 | 1004271 |
| sensitivity distribution of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi to antibiotics. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of various antibiotics and fungicides for erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas coronafaciens var. atropurpurea, p. lachrymans, alternaria mali, a. kikuchiana, pyricularia oryzae, botrytis sp. and sclerotinia sp. isolated from diseased plants in various localities of japan were examined to enable the isolates to be gruoped into sensitive and resistant strains. to minimize the effects of various variable conditions, mic of isolates were pooled for either 2 or ... | 1976 | 1033174 |
| [the influence of choramphenicol and streptomycinsulphate on the growth of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson (author's transl)]. | the influence of the antibiotics chloraphenicol (d-threo-form) and streptomycin sulphate against pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (syn. erwinia carotovora) was investigated in vitro and on potato tubers. chloramphenicol showed a greater effect as streptomycinsulphate in the applied concentrations. the success of the control of soft rot is determined by the period between the inoculation and the treatment of the tubers. 6 several strains of p. carotovorum var. atrosepticum showed a di ... | 1976 | 1037182 |
| [erwinia nimipressuralis the cause of wilt in pyracantha (pyracantha koidzumii reh)]. | | 1976 | 1074601 |
| nucleoside phosphotransferase from erwinia herbicola, a new membrane-bound enzyme. | a nucleoside phosphotransferase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of nucleosides to nucleotides by low energy phosphate esters, has been isolated and purified 500-fold from the membrane fraction of erwinia herbicola. its most noteworthy difference from other enzymes of this class is that it is membrane bound and can be isolated and handled only in the presence of a detergent. with a ribonucleoside acceptor, adenosine, the reaction product is exclusively 5'-amp; with deoxyadenosine, 5'- and 3' ... | 1976 | 1083386 |
| erwinia salicis: its metabolism and variability in vitro, and a method to demonstrate the pathogen in the host. | morphological, biochemical and serological features of eleven erwinia salicis isolates were examined. three groups were demonstrated, one of which comprises the dutch isolates. serological techniques proved to be a valuable addition to conventional plating techniques for detecting the pathogen. willow wood extract with 5% sucrose, 0.06% "lab lemco" broth and 1.5% agar appeared to be a suitable medium for the isolation of e. salicis, because of its selectivity. | 1976 | 1087859 |
| [new groups of the family enterobacteriaceae]. | | 1975 | 1092100 |
| [purification of microbial asparaginases by the aid of affinity chromatography]. | asparaginases from escherichia coli and erwinia caratovora were isolated and purified by column chromatography with a specific sorbent (sepharose, covalently bound to n-alpha-(6-aminohexyl)-d-asparagine). homogenous asparaginase from e. coli was isolated by one-step procedure, while the enzyme from er. carotovara was 50-60-fold purified. asparaginase from mycobacterium n. sp. was found not to bind with the specific sorbent. | 1975 | 1095078 |
| formation of reducing sugars from sucrose by erwinia species. | | 1975 | 1097588 |
| physical properties of l-asparaginase from serratia marcescens. | purified l-asparaginase from serratia marcescens had an apparent-weight average molecular weight of 171,000 to 180,000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels and by sedimentation equilibrium at low speed in an analytical ultracentrifuge. a subunit molecular weight of 31,500 +/- 1,500 was estimated for the enzyme after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels; a similar value was obtained by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium in ... | 1976 | 1107330 |
| isolation of maltotetraose from streptomyces as an antibiotic against erwinia carotovora. | | 1975 | 1112768 |
| in vitro and in vivo interactions between erwinia amylovora and related saprophytic bacteria. | under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, a highly virulent strain of erwinia amylovora coinhabited susceptible host tissues with a yellow saprophytic bacterium, which was invariably isolated from fire blight infected trees, with or without producing symptoms of the disease depending on the status of a number of environmental factors, both climatic and physiological. in particular, variation of temperature and sucrose concentration determined, independently, the equilibrium of a readily ... | 1975 | 1116037 |
| tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in the enterobacteriaceae: some physical properties of the enzymes. | several physical properties of the first four enzymatic activities of the tryptophan pathway were examined using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. five different patterns were noted. differences in the anthranilate synthetase (as) and phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (prt) defined these patterns. in all the organisms studied phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase co-eluted from both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and g-200 and thus probably ... | 1975 | 1116988 |
| detection of inhibitors of erwinia carotovora and e. herbicola on thin-layer chromatograms. | | 1975 | 1133145 |
| [infections by bacterias of the erwinia genus]. | | 1975 | 1178993 |
| synthesis of l-tyrosine-related amino acids by beta-tyrosinase. | | 1975 | 1190012 |
| preparation and properties of membranes from the gram-negative bacterium erwinia carotovora. | | 1975 | 1193287 |
| biosynthetic utilization of ethanolamine by erwinia carotovora. | | 1975 | 1193291 |
| a comparison of various selective isolation media for their efficiency in the diagnosis and enumeration of soft rot coliform bacteria. | | 1975 | 1194133 |
| effect on microorganisms of volatile compounds released from germinating seeds. | volatile compounds evolved from germinating seeds of slash pine, bean, cabbage, corn, cucumber, and pea were evaluated for their ability to support growth of microorganisms in liquid mineral salts media lacking a carbon source. growth of eight bacteria was measured turbidimetrically and of six fungi as dry weight of mycelium. volatiles caused increased growth of pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus cereus, erwinia carotovora, agrobacterium tumefaciens, a. radiobacter, rhizobium japonicum, mucor muc ... | 1975 | 1201509 |
| biosynthesis of maltotetraose as an antibiotic against erwinia carotovora by a streptomyces amylase. | | 1975 | 1201973 |
| development and properties of streptomycin resistant cultures of erwinia amylovora dervied from english isolates. | | 1975 | 1206023 |
| nationwide epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated intravenous products: mechanisms of intrinsic contamination. | between 1 july 1970 and april 1971, in many hospitals in this country, there were outbreaks of nosocomial septicemia caused by enterobacter cloacae of e. agglomerans (formerly erwinia, herbicola-lathyri). all of these hospitals used infusion products manufactured by one company, abbott laboratories, and all affected patients had onset of septicemia while receiving the company's infusion products. septicemia was epidemiologically and microbiologically traced to intrinsic contamination of the comp ... | 1975 | 1206107 |
| [identification of bacteriosis agents in hyacinths]. | | 1975 | 1214628 |
| [erwinia carotovora in the lupine rhizosphere]. | | 1975 | 1214636 |
| [ultrastructure and chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides of erwinia carotovora. ii. influence of the extraction method]. | | 1975 | 1234622 |
| involvement of dna in resistance of potatoes to invasion by phytophthora infestans. | | 1976 | 1250345 |
| requirement for pantothenate for filament formation by erwinia carotovora. | pantothenate is required for the formation of filaments by erwinia carotovora. this has been demonstrated for the following division-inhibiting agents: d-serine, d-cycloserine, penicillin, vancomycin, fluoride ion, and ultraviolet light. d-serine inhibits pantothenate synthesis in an ammonia-glucose or an ammonia-pyruvate medium; therefore, it is necessary to add pantothenate to obtain filament formation in these media, using d-serine as the division-inhibiting agent. under conditions in which p ... | 1976 | 1254563 |
| nationwide epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated intravenous products. i. epidemiologic and clinical features. | between mid-1970 and april 1, 1971, enterobacter cloacae or e. agglomerans septicemia developed in 378 patients in 25 american hospitals while they were receiving intravenous products manufactured by one company. each of the hospitals noted a marked increase in the incidence of such septicemia during this period. enterobacter agglomerans (formerly designated erwinia, herbicola-lathyri group) was better known as a plant pathogen and had been a human blood pathogen only rarely in the past. septice ... | 1976 | 1274981 |
| expression and purification of a soluble tissue factor fusion protein with an epitope for an unusual calcium-dependent antibody. | the use of bacterial signal peptides to target recombinant mammalian proteins to the periplasmic space of escherichia coli (to promote proper disulfide bond formation) has met with variable success. we report the design and use of a bacterial expression vector to direct recombinant fusion proteins to the periplasmic space of e. coli: it contains the signal peptide from the pelb gene of erwinia carotovora linked to a small peptide epitope for an unusual calcium-dependent antibody (hpc4). hpc4 bin ... | 1992 | 1283093 |
| a fourth metalloprotease gene in erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, was previously shown to secrete 3 related extracellular metalloproteases, a, b and c via a specific signal-peptide-independent pathway. a new gene (prtg) encoding a fourth, 52-kda metalloprotease was identified on the same recombinant cosmid (pew1) that carries the genes for the previously described proteases (prta, prtb and prtc), for the specific secretion factors (prtd, prte and prtf) and for a protease inhibitor (inh) cloned fr ... | 1992 | 1299839 |
| site-directed and transposon-mediated mutagenesis with pfd-plasmids by electroporation of erwinia amylovora and escherichia coli cells. | the suicide plasmid pfda31-tn5 was constructed to mutagenize erwinia amylovora and escherichia coli strains by electorporation. this vector carries the bacteriophage fd replication origin, a beta-lactamase gene and the transposon tn5. for propagation the plasmid depends on host cells producing fd gene-2 protein. electroporation of e.amylovora or e.coli cells with plasmid pfda31-tn5 yielded more than 10(4) transposition events per micrograms dna. we have produced and characterized transposon muta ... | 1992 | 1317549 |
| construction of a recombinant bacterial human cd4 expression system producing a bioactive cd4 molecule. | the cd4 protein expressed on helper t lymphocytes is a restriction element for major histocompatibility class ii immune responses. this molecule is also used by the human immunodeficiency virus as its specific cellular receptor facilitating binding of virus to cells. as soluble forms of cd4 inhibit hiv infection in tissue culture, attention has focused on this molecule. bacterially produced cd4 would facilitate studies of the biology of the cd4 molecule. however, bacterially expressed cd4 must b ... | 1992 | 1319711 |
| analysis of the pele promoter in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the pele gene of erwinia chrysanthemi strain ec16 encodes an extracellular pectate lyase protein that is important in virulence on plants. control of pele expression is complex, because the gene is regulated by catabolite repression, substrate induction, and growth-phase inhibition. a tn7-lux reporter gene system was employed to define dna sequences comprising the pele promoter. when ec16 cells were grown on medium containing sodium polypectate, pele transcriptional start sites were observed onl ... | 1992 | 1319773 |
| localization of transposon insertions in pathogenicity mutants of erwinia amylovora and their biochemical characterization. | transposon tn5, on a mobilizable cole1 plasmid, on a ti plasmid derepressed for bacterial transfer, and on the bacteriophage fd genome, was used to construct pathogenicity mutants of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. eleven nonpathogenic mutants were isolated from 1600 independent mutants screened. these mutants were divided into three types: auxotrophs, exopolysaccharide (eps)-deficient mutants and a mutant of the dsp phenotype. according to their insertion sites the tn5 mutants were ... | 1992 | 1322951 |
| cloning of an erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic acid production and enhanced mineral phosphate solubilization in escherichia coli hb101: nucleotide sequence and probable involvement in biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone. | escherichia coli is capable of synthesizing the apo-glucose dehydrogenase enzyme (gdh) but not the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq), which is essential for formation of the holoenzyme. therefore, in the absence of exogenous pqq, e. coli does not produce gluconic acid. evidence is presented to show that the expression of an erwinia herbicola gene in e. coli hb101(pmcg898) resulted in the production of gluconic acid, which, in turn, implied pqq biosynthesis. transposon mutagenesis showed th ... | 1992 | 1325965 |
| construction of a tn7-lux system for gene expression studies in gram-negative bacteria. | a tn7-lux system was developed for gene expression studies in gram- bacteria. the plasmids constructed, phsk728 and phsk729, have the following features: (1) a promoterless vibrio fischeri lux operon as a reporter system; (2) multiple cloning sites (mcs) ahead of the lux operon, in opposite orientation for the cloning of promoter fragments; (3) a transcriptional terminator ahead of the mcs and translational stop codons in all reading frames before the translational start of the luxc gene; (4) a ... | 1992 | 1333438 |
| n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone regulates carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora. | erwinia carotovora a.t.c.c. 39048 produces the antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. a number of mutants with a carbapenem-non-producing phenotype were selected as part of an investigation into the molecular and genetic basis of carbapenem biosynthesis. cross-feeding studies revealed that the mutants fell into two discrete groups. group 1 mutants were found to secrete a diffusible low-molecular-mass compound which restored carbapenem production in group 2 mutants. this compound was isola ... | 1992 | 1335238 |
| enumerating low densities of genetically engineered erwinia carotovora in soil. | an inexpensive, quantitative, and sensitive technique was developed for detection of genetically engineered erwinia carotovora in soil samples. enrichment media, antibiotic resistance, and most probable number (mpn) analysis were used to enumerate as few as 1 to 10 target cells/10 g soil. the mpn technique recovered significantly higher cell densities than plating; however, densities estimated by the two techniques were strongly correlated. after inoculation of soil microcosms with genetically e ... | 1990 | 1366379 |
| expression of an erwinia sp. gene encoding diphenyl ether cleavage in escherichia coli and an isolated acinetobacter strain pe7. | an acinetobacter strain pe7 with the ability to grow on salicyclic acid and to degrade diphenyl ethers was isolated from a petroleum waste pit in louisiana. a cloned erwinia sp. dpe gene encoding diphenyl ether cleavage was introduced into pe7 in order to enhance its degradative ability. a broad-host-range expression plasmid, pdpe2388, was constructed by inserting an sspi-hpai fragment from a dpe gene-containing plasmid, pdpe7321, into the kanamycin resistance gene of plasmid pkt230. the dna fra ... | 1990 | 1366541 |
| production of pectin methylesterase from erwinia chrysanthemi b374 in bacillus subtilis. | the gene coding for pectin methylesterase (pme) of erwinia chrysanthemi b374 (pme) was cloned by a polymerase chain reaction. the pme gene was expressed in bacillus subtilis using a secretion vector based on the promoter and signal sequence of the alpha-amylase gene from b. amyloliquefaciens. the cultivation of b. subtilis cells carrying the cloned pme resulted in efficient secretion of pme into the culture medium based on enzymatic and sodium dodecyl sulphate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis ... | 1991 | 1367534 |
| broad host-range vector for efficient expression of foreign genes in gram-negative bacteria. | a broad host-range expression plasmid was constructed comprising the incq replicon, the reca promoter from escherichia coli and the g10-l ribosome binding site (rbs) derived from bacteriophage t7. the structural genes for porcine somatotropin (pst) and e. coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) were used to monitor gene expression in a diverse collection of gram-negative bacterial hosts: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas syringae, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomon ... | 1991 | 1367537 |
| cloning and characterization of the pectate lyase iii gene of erwinia carotovora er. | a pectate lyase gene iii (pel iii) of erwinia carotovora er was cloned. the gene was expressed independently of a vector promoter in both e. carotovora er and escherichia coli. the pel iii product was largely excreted in the culture medium of e. carotovora er, while the product was only exported to the periplasmic space and was not excreted in the medium of e. coli. nucleotide sequence analysis of pel iii disclosed an open reading frame of 1,122 bp encoding a protein of 374 amino acids. the dedu ... | 1991 | 1368679 |
| purifications and properties of orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from erwinia carotovora aj 2992. | an orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnpase) of erwinia carotovora aj 2992, which is a potent producer of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), an antiviral agent, from orotidine and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (tca), were purified 23-fold and 103-fold, respectively. at each purification step, the orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme was always co-purified with an uridine phosphorylase (upase) and its activity could not be separated f ... | 1991 | 1368721 |
| rapid large-scale preparation of recombinant erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. | l-asparaginase from erwinia provides an alternative to the enzyme from e. coli for the effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. a procedure was required for the large-scale partial purification of the recombinant erwinia enzyme cloned and expressed in erwinia. enzyme was extracted from erwinia at high ph and extraneous protein precipitated at low ph. s-sepharose ff was selected as the medium of choice for the chromatography step since it was adequate for the high flow rates required ... | 1992 | 1368993 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the extracellular pectate lyase ii gene from erwinia carotovora er. | erwinia carotovora er produces three extra-cellular pectate lyases (pl i, ii, and iii). the gene for pectate lyase ii (pelii) of e. carotovora er was cloned and expressed both in escherichia coli and e. carotovora er. localization experiments in e. coli showed that pl ii was exclusively in the cytoplasmic space, while pl ii was excreted into the culture medium. the complete nucleotides of the pelii gene were sequenced and found to include one open reading frame of 1122 bp coding for a protein of ... | 1992 | 1369060 |
| expression of erwinia amylovora hrp genes in response to environmental stimuli. | seven hrp loci that are essential for the hypersensitive reaction elicited by erwinia amylovora were transcriptionally fused with a derivative of transposon tn5, containing the promoterless escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. the seven hrp fusions were used to monitor expression of the hrp loci in vitro and in planta. no significant expression was detected in rich medium for any of the fusions. however, five of them were expressed highly in planta and in inducing medium that conta ... | 1992 | 1372313 |
| haemagglutinins and fimbriae of soft rot erwinias. | strains of phytopathogenic soft rot erwinia spp. were examined for haemagglutinin (ha) production. mannose-sensitive ha was found only in five of 15 strains of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora. mannose-resistant ha (mrha) was found in 12 of 15 strains of e.c. carotovora, ten of 13 strains of e.c. subsp. atroseptica and the single strain of e.c. subsp. betavasculorum, as well as all seven strains of e. chrysanthemi. mrha, detectable only in a microtitre tray ha assay was of either broad- or narrow ... | 1992 | 1383182 |
| iron(iii) complexes of chrysobactin, the siderophore of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces the monocatecholate siderophore chrysobactin under conditions of iron deprivation. only the catecholate hydroxyl groups participate in metal coordination, and chrysobactin is therefore unable to provide full 1:1 coordination of fe(iii). the stoichiometry in aqueous solution is a variable dependent on ph and metal/ligand ratio, in addition to being concentration dependent. at neutral ph and concentrations of about 0.1 mm, ferric chrysoba ... | 1992 | 1392469 |
| expression in escherichia coli, purification, and reactivation of the recombinant erwinia uredovora phytoene desaturase. | a plasmid has been constructed by cloning the complete crti gene encoding phytoene desaturase from erwinia uredovora behind the lac z promoter of puc18 resulting in a reading frame for the full polypeptide with additional 9 amino acids at the n terminus. this plasmid mediated the overexpression of phytoene desaturase in transformed escherichia coli. the overexpressed enzyme was sequestrated into inclusion bodies requiring urea treatment for solubilization. purification to homogeneity was subsequ ... | 1992 | 1400305 |
| analysis of the regulation of the pelbc genes in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pelabcde genes. the nucleotide sequence of the region surrounding the pelb gene of e. chrysanthemi 3937 was determined, including the regulatory regions involved in pelb and pelc expression. analysis of the transcripts showed that transcription of pelb or pelc gave, in both cases, only one transcript. the transcription initiation sites of both pelb and pelc were precisely determined as well as the position of th ... | 1992 | 1406275 |
| [mu-induced deletions and mutations of erwinia carotovora chromosomes, including resident prophages e105 and 59]. | the plasmid rp4::mu cts62 in stably inherited by erwinia carotovora 268 strain. under the conditions of thermoinduction bacteriophage mu is segregated and completely eliminated more intensively than in escherichia coli cells. at thermoinduction the transposition of bacteriophage mu cts62 into different chromosomal sites takes place, causing the induction of chlorate resistant and auxotrophic mutants with the frequency of 10(-4). two clones deficient in production of 2 of the 4 resident prophages ... | 1992 | 1406759 |
| inhibition of morphine dependence by a lipopolysaccharide from pantoea agglomerans. | a lipopolysaccharide from pantoea agglomerans (lpsp) was purified and examined for relief of morphine dependence by observing its inhibition of the jumping of mice on naloxone-precipitate withdrawal. administration of lpsp either intravenously or intradermally showed marked inhibition of the jumping. beta-endorphin in mouse serum and brain tissue were recognized to be in synchrony with the time course of the relief. administration of tnf-alpha gave similar effect, suggesting that lpsp induces a ... | 1992 | 1421014 |
| synthesis and secretion of an erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase in saccharomyces cerevisiae regulated by different combinations of bacterial and yeast promoter and signal sequences. | nine different expression-secretion cassettes, comprising novel combinations of yeast and bacterial gene promoters and secretion signal sequences, were constructed and evaluated. a pectate lyase-encoding gene (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi was inserted between each one of these expression-secretion cassettes and a yeast gene terminator, generating recombinant yeast-integrating shuttle plasmids pams1 through pams9. these yip5-derived plasmids were transformed and stably integrated into the geno ... | 1992 | 1427097 |
| sequence of a cluster of genes controlling synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease in pseudomonas aeruginosa: relationships to other secretory pathways. | a genetic locus implicated in the synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease (apr) in pseudomonas aeruginosa has been previously described [guzzo et al., j. bacteriol. 172 (1990) 942-948]. the nucleotide sequence of the dna fragment encoding these functions was determined and revealed the existence of five open reading frames: apra, the structural gene encoding apr; apri, which encodes a protease inhibitor; and aprd, apre, aprf whose products are involved in protease secretion. the aprd, apre ... | 1992 | 1427098 |
| analysis of eight out genes in a cluster required for pectic enzyme secretion by erwinia chrysanthemi: sequence comparison with secretion genes from other gram-negative bacteria. | many extracellular proteins produced by erwinia chrysanthemi require the out gene products for transport across the outer membrane. in a previous report (s. y. he, m. lindeberg, a. k. chatterjee, and a. collmer, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:1079-1083, 1991) cosmid pcpp2006, sufficient for secretion of erwinia chrysanthemi extracellular proteins by escherichia coli, was partially sequenced, revealing four out genes sharing high homology with pulh through pulk from klebsiella oxytoca. the nucleot ... | 1992 | 1429461 |
| environmental conditions affect transcription of the pectinase genes of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | to depolymerize plant pectin, the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces a series of enzymes which include a pectin-methyl-esterase encoded by the pem gene and five isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the five genes pela, pelb, pelc, peld, and pele. we have constructed transcriptional fusions between the pectinase gene promoters and the uida gene, encoding beta-glucuronidase, to study the regulation of these e. chrysanthemi pectinase genes individually. the transcripti ... | 1992 | 1447147 |
| some of the out genes involved in the secretion of pectate lyases in erwinia chrysanthemi are regulated by kdgr. | the out genes of erwinia chrysanthemi are required for the translocation across the outer membrane of pectate lyases and cellulases. we present the characterization and the nucleotide sequence of five genes of the out cluster. the products of outs, b, c, d and e have significant homology with the puls, b, c, d and e proteins necessary to the secretion of pullulanase in klebsiella pneumoniae. an open reading frame, outt, located between outb and outc has no homology with the pul cluster but is in ... | 1992 | 1453958 |
| small molecule-mediated density-dependent control of gene expression in prokaryotes: bioluminescence and the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. | sophisticated signal transduction systems enable prokaryotes to sense their growth environment and mount an appropriate adaptive response. signal transduction and gene regulation through the phosphorylation of two regulatory components is now recognised as one of the major global regulatory networks in bacteria. however, not all types of sensor-regulator circuits relay information via phosphoryl transfer. the vibrio fischeri luxr protein which has previously been characterised as a member of the ... | 1992 | 1478452 |
| sensitive and species-specific detection of erwinia amylovora by polymerase chain reaction analysis. | detection and identification of the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora, can be accurately done by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis in less than 6 h. two oligomers derived from a 29-kb plasmid which is common to all strains of e. amylovora were used to amplify a 0.9-kb fragment of the plasmid. by separation of the pcr products on agarose gel, this fragment wa specifically detected when e. amylovora dna was present in the amplification assay. it was not found when dna from other plant ... | 1992 | 1482178 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida were determined; the dna sequences of the lexa genes from these bacteria were 86%, 76%, 61% and 59% similar, respectively, to the escherichia coli k12 gene. the predicted amino acid sequences of the s. typhimurium, e. carotovora and p. putida lexa proteins are 202 residues long whereas that of p. aeruginosa is 204. two putative lexa repressor binding ... | 1992 | 1494343 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of the gene encoding the erwinia chrysanthemi b374 prta metalloprotease: a third metalloprotease secreted via a c-terminal secretion signal. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic enterobacterium, secretes three proteases (prta, prtb and prtc) into the extracellular medium. the gene encoding the 50 kda protease, prta, was subcloned from a recombinant cosmid carrying a fragment of the e. chrysanthemi b374 chromosome. prta was shown to be located immediately 3' to the structural genes for the other two extracellular proteases. the amino acid sequence of prta, as predicted from the prta nucleotide sequence, showed a high level of homol ... | 1992 | 1494344 |
| expression of peha-bla gene fusions in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and isolation of regulatory mutants affecting polygalacturonase production. | in vitro gene fusions were constructed between the polygalacturonase-encoding peha gene of the erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) strain scc3193 and the bla gene of pbr322. the gene fusions obtained (75-2, 75-5 and 75-6) encoded hybrid proteins with the entire signal peptide and 70, 260 or 327 amino acids (aa) of the mature 376 aa peha protein, respectively, fused to the mature part of the periplasmic beta-lactamase. all three hybrid proteins remained cell-bound in ecc. high-level expres ... | 1992 | 1495488 |
| negative transcriptional control of iron transport in erwinia chrysanthemi involves an iron-responsive two-factor system. | systemic virulence of the phytopathogen erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 requires a functional iron assimilation system which, in this enterobacterium, is mediated by the siderophore chrysobactin and the outer membrane transport protein fct. we investigated the regulation of this system by iron. no direct similarity with the escherichia coli fur gene was found. insertional mutagenesis allowed isolation of a regulatory mutant which expressed chrysobactin and two other high-affinity iron transport system ... | 1992 | 1508046 |
| cloning and characterization of a phospholipase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | a single gene (plca) was cloned from a cosmid library of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 dna that encoded an extracellular phospholipase. the gene was subcloned and dna sequence data showed the presence of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted size of 39 kda. the coding region was g+c-rich and the protein had a predicted basic isoelectric point. the protein showed no significant homology with others in the pir library, including other phospholipases. when overexpressed in esc ... | 1992 | 1545703 |
| secretion of the rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation protein nodo by haemolysin-type systems. | the rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae nodulation protein nodo is partially homologous to haemolysin of escherichia coli and, like haemolysin, is secreted into the growth medium. the nodo protein can be secreted by a strain of e. coli carrying the cloned nodo gene plus the haemolysin secretion genes hlybd, in a process that also requires the outer membrane protein encoded by tolc. the related protease secretion genes, prtdef, from erwinia chrysanthemi also enable e. coli to secrete nodo. the ... | 1992 | 1545707 |
| purification and functional characterization of the kdgr protein, a major repressor of pectinolysis genes of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenicity of the enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi chiefly results from its capacity to degrade pectin, which is the major component of plant cell walls. this degradation requires the product of 12 genes which constitute independent transcriptional units. all these genes, including kdgt which encodes the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg) transport system, are negatively regulated by the kdgr protein. the e. chrysanthemi kdgr gene was cloned into an expression vector and overexpressed ... | 1992 | 1545709 |
| differential depolymerization mechanisms of pectate lyases secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the four pectate lyases (ec 4.2.2.2) secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 have been individually produced as recombinant enzymes in escherichia coli. oligogalacturonates formed from polygalacturonic acid during reactions catalyzed by each enzyme have been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. pla catalyzes the formation of a series of oligomers ranging from dimer to dodecamer through a random endolytic depolarization mechanism. plb and plc are trimer- and tetramer-gener ... | 1992 | 1548242 |
| production of active serratia marcescens metalloprotease from escherichia coli by alpha-hemolysin hlyb and hlyd. | serratia marcescens produces an abundant extracellular metalloprotease. the gene for this protease had previously been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, in which no functional protease could be found. however, the protease gene carries the lxggxgnd repeat motif found in alpha-hemolysin and other proteins secreted by homologous systems. using a dual-plasmid complementation system, we show that the alpha-hemolysin hlyb and hlyd transport determinants are sufficient to allow secretion and a ... | 1992 | 1551853 |
| new functional assignment of the carotenogenic genes crtb and crte with constructs of these genes from erwinia species. | the role of carotenoid genes crtb and crte has been functionally assigned. these genes were cloned from erwinia into escherichia coli or agrobacterium tumefaciens. their functions were elucidated by assaying early isoprenoid enzymes involved in phytoene formation. in vitro reactions from extracts of e. coli carrying the crte gene or a complete carotenogenic gene cluster in which crtb was deleted showed an elevated conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) into geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (ggpp ... | 1992 | 1555761 |
| biolistic transformation of prokaryotes: factors that affect biolistic transformation of very small cells. | five bacterial species were transformed using particle gun-technology. no pretreatment of cells was necessary. physical conditions (helium pressure, target cell distance and gap distance) and biological conditions (cell growth phase, osmoticum concentration, and cell density) were optimized for biolistic transformation of escherichia coli and these conditions were then used to successfully transform agrobacterium tumefaciens, erwinia amylovora, erwinia stewartii and pseudomonas syringae pv. syri ... | 1992 | 1556553 |
| stereochemistry of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by endoglucanase z from erwinia chrysanthemi. | endoglucanase z from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) was purified by affinity chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose avicel ph101. a kinetic characterization using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactosde as substrates was conducted: endoglucanase z exhibited km values of 3 mm and 7.5 mm and vm values of 129 and 40 nmol.min-1.mg-1 towards p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside (kcat = 0.1 s-1) and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactoside (kcat = ... | 1992 | 1563515 |
| high-affinity iron uptake systems present in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora include the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora w3c105 produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. a survey of 22 diverse strains of e. carotovora revealed that strain w3c105 alone produced aerobactin. the ferric-aerobactin receptor of strain w3c105 was an 80-kda protein, identified by immunoblots of sarkosyl-soluble proteins obtained from e. carotovora cells grown in iron-depleted medium and probed with antiserum raised against the 74-kda f ... | 1992 | 1569027 |
| pantoea punctata sp. nov., pantoea citrea sp. nov., and pantoea terrea sp. nov. isolated from fruit and soil samples. | a total of 37 bacterial strains with the general characteristics of the family enterobacteriaceae were isolated from fruit and soil samples in japan as producers of 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid from d-glucose. these organisms were phenotypically most closely related to the genus pantoea (f. gavini, j. mergaert, a. beji, c. mielearek, d. izard, k. kersters, and j. de ley, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 39:337-345, 1989) and were divided into three phenotypic groups. we selected nine representative strain ... | 1992 | 1581180 |
| purification of the acidic pectate lyase and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene (pela) of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | the pela gene from erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, which encodes the acidic pectate lyase, pla, has been sequenced and characterized. the structural gene consists of a 1179 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 41,555 da, which includes an n-terminal signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a protein very similar to some pls already sequenced. cloning of the pela gene behind the lacz promoter of the vector ptz19r allowed overexpression of pla into a derivative of strain ... | 1992 | 1593262 |
| efficacy of burning, tillage, and biocides in controlling bacteria released at field sites and effects on indigenous bacteria and fungi. | decontamination treatments of burning and biocide application, alone and in combination with tillage, were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of bacteria applied to the leaves of plants in field plots. in addition, the effects of these control methods on indigenous leaf and soil bacteria and fungi were assessed. field plots of bush beans (phaseolus vulgaris), sprayed with the bacterium pseudomonas syringae, pseudomonas fluorescens, or erwinia herbicola, received the following trea ... | 1992 | 1599240 |
| in vitro assays of three carotenogenic membrane-bound enzymes from escherichia coli transformed with different crt genes. | in vitro assays have been developed for three membrane-bound carotenogenic enzymes, phytoene desaturase, lycopene cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase, expressed in escherichia coli. transformants of e. coli containing different deletion constructs of the erwinia herbicola carotenogenic gene cluster were employed, allowing the estimation of enzyme activities without interference from subsequent reactions. new hplc systems were developed to separate substrates and reaction products enabling the ... | 1992 | 1599492 |
| allergic reactions to erwinia asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had previous allergic reactions to escherichia coli asparaginase. | escherichia coli asparaginase is an active antileukemia agent in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. allergic reactions occurred in 31 of 125 patients (24.8%) treated with weekly high-dose (25,000 iu/m2) intramuscular e. coli asparaginase and necessitated discontinuation of the drug. | 1992 | 1606543 |
| harpin, elicitor of the hypersensitive response produced by the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora. | a proteinaceous elicitor of the plant defense reaction known as the hypersensitive response was isolated from erwinia amylovora, the bacterium that causes fire blight of pear, apple, and other rosaceous plants. the elicitor, named harpin, is an acidic, heat-stable, cell-envelope-associated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 44 kilodaltons. harpin caused tobacco leaf lamina to collapse and caused an increase in the ph of bathing solutions of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. the gene e ... | 1992 | 1621099 |
| rapid detection of members of the family enterobacteriaceae by a monoclonal antibody. | six monoclonal antibodies directed against enterobacteria were produced and characterized. the specificity of one of these antibodies (cx9/15; immunoglobulin g2a) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence against 259 enterobacterial strains and 125 other gram-negative bacteria. all of the enterobacteria were specifically recognized, the only exception being erwinia chrysanthemi (one strain tested). bacteria not belonging to members of the family enterobacteriaceae were not detected, except for ... | 1992 | 1622220 |
| ferric iron uptake in erwinia chrysanthemi mediated by chrysobactin and related catechol-type compounds. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 possesses a saturable, high-affinity transport system for the ferric complex of its native siderophore chrysobactin, [n-alpha-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-d-lysyl-l-serine]. uptake of 55fe-labeled chrysobactin was completely inhibited by respiratory poison or low temperature and was significantly reduced in rich medium. the kinetics of chrysobactin-mediated iron transport were determined to have apparent km and vmax values of about 30 nm and of 90 pmol/mg.min, respectively. i ... | 1992 | 1624465 |