| murine model for study of cell-mediated immunity: protection against death from fully virulent francisella tularensis infection. | to assess cell-mediated immunity in terms of host protection, an experimental model was developed in which passively transferred spleen cells from immunized akr/j mice enabled nonimmume syngeneic recipients to survive an otherwise fatal infection with fully virulent francisella tularensis. donor immunization was achieved by administering live attenuted tularemia vaccine and, subsequently, the virulent streptomycin-sensitive schu s4 strain of f. tularensis. at selected intervals after immunizatio ... | 1975 | 1193736 |
| [further study of the sensitivity to erythromycin of strains of the causative agent of tularemia from different geographical sites]. | | 1975 | 1199584 |
| [morphology of the temperate plague phages 1701 and 1710 and their mutants]. | a study was made of the morphology of plague moderate bacteriophages 1701, 1710 and their mutants 1701-1 and 1710-1. the phages proved to be morphologically identical, were referred to group 5, and were identical to the moderate plague h-phages; when confronted to the commonness of the serological properties and a number of other signs this indicated their affinity. | 1975 | 1210893 |
| [preservation of the causative agent of tularemia in the external environment in eastern taimyr]. | strains of the causative agent of tularemia were for the first time isolated by the authors from the objects of the external environment in the tundra zone of eastern taimir; this indicates a possibility of preservation of the microbe under conditions of the extreme north. | 1976 | 1266471 |
| the 17 kda lipoprotein and encoding gene of francisella tularensis lvs are conserved in strains of francisella tularensis. | a t-cell-stimulating 17 kda protein of the vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs has previously been cloned, sequenced and shown to be a lipoprotein. in the present study, it was investigated whether the protein, denoted tul4, and its gene are present in various strains of the genus francisella. by western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that a tul4-specific monoclonal antibody bound to a protein present in each of the francisella strains. the immunoreactive proteins had an m(r) of 17 kda ... | 1992 | 1291846 |
| [detection of persistent resistance to antibacterial drugs in various strains of francisella tularensis]. | under natural conditions, the francisella tularensis strains ae-261 and p-13864 capable of forming the persist type of resistance to antibacterial drugs and being the cause of the infection in laboratory animals not responding to monotherapy with antibiotics were detectable. the antibioticograms of strains ae-261 and p-13864 under the in vitro conditions did not differ from those of the other studied strains responding to the antibiotic therapy. the observed phenomenon could be associated with i ... | 1992 | 1296530 |
| introduction of francisella tularensis at skin sites induces resistance to infection and generation of protective immunity. | mice are susceptible to systemic infection with francisella tularensis strain lvs; thus, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) lethal dose at 50% (ld50) in c3h/hen and c57bi/6j mice is only a single bacterium, while the intradermal (i.d.) ld50 is more than 10(4). here we show that the ld50 when lvs is introduced via the skin, either i.d. or subcutaneously (s.c.), ranges from 7 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(6). sublethal i.d. or s.c. infection (priming) invariably leads to the generation of systemic and specific protec ... | 1992 | 1297917 |
| [effect of antibiotics on francisella tularensis]. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, doxycycline, sisomicin, ciprofloxacin and phosmidomycin for various strains of francisella tularensis were 0.5 to 2.0, 0.5 to 2.0, 0.125 to 0.4, 0.625 to 0.125 and 2.0 to 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. ciprofloxacin and sisomicin had a marked bactericidal effect. the bactericidal effect of rifampicin was insignificant. doxycycline and phomidomycin had practically no such effect. all the antibiotics had a post effect. the level of the post-a ... | 1992 | 1300925 |
| macrophage activating factors produced in the course of murine tularemia: effect on multiplication of microbes. | primary f. tularensis infection in mice induces the production of macrophage activating factors (mafs) by spleen cells. the stimulation of macrophage cytolytic activity (maf-c) and hydrogen peroxide production (maf-h2o2) dominates between days 7 and 10 in the course of tularemia. three various pools of active fractions (10-11, 14-15, 25-28) were fractionated by two-step chromatography. typical for 10-11 and 14-15 is maf-c activity whereas in 25-28 prevails maf-h2o2. initial concentrated supernat ... | 1992 | 1300982 |
| [the use of solid-phase liposomal immunoassay for determining a bacterial antigen of lipopolysaccharide nature]. | the solid-phase liposomal immunoassay procedure for the determination of francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been developed. this assay has been made with the use of monolayer liposomes, on the average, 360 nm in diameter with their phospholipid bilayer modified with f. tularensis lps and their internal space filled with calcein used as fluorescent marker. the assay is based on the principle of the competitive immunosorption of liposomes and antigenic lps on the surface of polyst ... | 1992 | 1301662 |
| the ecology of tularaemia. | tularaemia, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium francisella tularensis mccoy, 1912, is reported from north america, europe and northern parts of asia, but not from the southern hemisphere. two subspecies of f. tularensis are recognised: the highly virulent type a and the milder type b, with additional subdivisions reported. tularaemia has been reported in more than 250 animal species including man, other mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, arthropods and protozoa. type a is reported to have ... | 1992 | 1305858 |
| molecular cloning of the reca gene and construction of a reca strain of francisella novicida. | a gene locus that is functionally analogous to the reca gene of escherichia coli was molecularly cloned from francisella novicida. the cloned gene was found to suppress the sensitivity of an e. coli strain to dna-damaging agents and to support genetic recombination in e. coli. after transposon mutagenesis, the reca-like gene locus was returned to f. novicida and a uv-sensitive f. novicida strain was isolated. in contrast to the wild-type strain, this uv-sensitive strain could not be transformed ... | 1992 | 1309722 |
| [phosphatase and penicillinase activities as stable traits for the differentiation of the racial classification of francisella tularensis]. | in the causative agent of tularemia new markers correlating with different subspecies of this microbe have been detected. thus, f. tularensis strains belonging to the american and central asian subspecies are characterized by phosphatase activity, which makes it possible to use the phosphatase test for their differentiation from the strains of the holarctic variety. f. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica are incapable of producing beta-lactamase which differentiates them from the representatives of t ... | 1992 | 1338744 |
| various membrane proteins of francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells of primed humans. | tularaemia is an intracellular infection, which is controlled by the host as a result of an immunospecific t-cell response. a crucial product of the responding t cells is interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), which acts by enhancing the microbicidal activity of macrophages. t cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond in vitro to a multitude of protein antigens of the vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs. in the present study, the responses to four of these antigens were shown to be confine ... | 1992 | 1356911 |
| correlation between the virulence of francisella tularensis in experimental mice and its acriflavine reaction. | correlation between the virulence of francisella tularensis in experimental mice and its acriflavine reaction was studied. the cultures derived from all four strains (ebina, cmb2, schu, and n9) that had long been subcultured on agar media yielded two types of colonies, i.e., acriflavine reaction-positive (acf+) and acriflavine reaction-negative (acf-) colonies. all acf+ colonies, regardless of their parent strains, were shown to be low virulent in mice. acf- colonies were shown to be either high ... | 1992 | 1369194 |
| characterization and classification of strains of francisella tularensis isolated in the central asian focus of the soviet union and in japan. | the two subspecies of francisella tularensis, f. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type a) and f. tularensis subsp. palaearctica (type b), differ from each other in biochemistry and virulence. strains of f. tularensis subsp. tularensis are believed to be confined to north america, whereas strains of f. tularensis subsp. palaearctica occur in europe, in asia, and in north america. moreover, the existence of two other subspecies, designated f. tularensis subsp. mediaasiatica and f. tularensis subsp. p ... | 1992 | 1370846 |
| [the c antigen of francisella tularensis]. | a new envelope antigen c, specific for virulent strains of francisella tularensis, was revealed by immunodiffusion analysis. in contrast to antigens a and p this antigen is common for francisella and brucella. c-antigenic lipid fraction was obtained by chloroform-ethanol (1:1) extraction of bacterial slime. this fraction contained carbohydrates (31.6%) without proteins and detected by tlc glycolipid, which proved glycolipid nature of c-antigen. introduction of c-fraction or alive f. tularensis r ... | 1992 | 1374833 |
| rapid generation of specific protective immunity to francisella tularensis. | mice inoculated either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intradermally (i.d.) with a sublethal dose of francisella tularensis lvs are immune to a lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) challenge of lvs. here, we show that this immunity developed quite rapidly: mice given a sublethal dose of live lvs s.c. or i.d. (but not i.v.) withstood lethal i.p., i.v., or i.d. challenge as early as 2 days after the initial inoculation, despite the presence of bacterial burdens already in tissues. the magn ... | 1992 | 1398969 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses induced by scarification vaccination of human volunteers with a new lot of the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. | tularemia is a disease caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis. we evaluated a new lot of live f. tularensis vaccine for its immunogenicity in human volunteers. scarification vaccination induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. indications of a positive immune response after vaccination included an increase in specific antibody levels, which were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays, and the ability of peripheral blood lymphocy ... | 1992 | 1400988 |
| [pleiotropic nature of mutation of resistance to 2,3,5-triphenyl- tetrazolium chloride of francisella tularensis]. | natural strains of f. tularensis were characterized by sensitivity to 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc). development of ttc resistance in the cells of f. tularensis was accompanied by changes in the biological properties of the culture, i.e. the colony morphology, antigenic structure, virulence and immunogenicity for laboratory animals. moreover, there was a direct correlation between the levels of ttc resistance and resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, furazolidon ... | 1992 | 1417312 |
| immunogenicity and toxicity of lipopolysaccharide from francisella tularensis lvs. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) from the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis (f. tularensis lvs) was isolated and purified. the lps did not stimulate lymphocytes from previously tularaemia-vaccinated individuals or lymphocytes from non-primed individuals. however, serum antibodies from tularaemia vaccinees reacted with the lps whereas virtually no reactivity was found with antibodies from individuals not exposed to f. tularensis lvs. antibodies of immunoglobulin class m displayed the antibody ... | 1992 | 1419118 |
| treatment of tularemia with ciprofloxacin. | a case of tularemia which occurred after close contact with a cat is presented. after unsuccessful amoxicillin treatment, a two-week course of doxycycline was given whereupon the patient responded well. however, the patient relapsed shortly after and was then given ciprofloxacin for two weeks. the patient then recovered completely. clinical trials are needed in order to establish whether a quinolone could be the drug of choice for treatment of tularemia. | 1992 | 1425715 |
| early pathogenesis of infection in the liver with the facultative intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes, francisella tularensis, and salmonella typhimurium involves lysis of infected hepatocytes by leukocytes. | the results show that listeria monocytogenes, francisella tularensis, and salmonella typhimurium are facultative intracellular bacteria with a capacity to invade and grow in nonphagocytic cells in vivo. in the liver, all of these pathogens were seen to invade and to multiply extensively in hepatocytes. in all three cases, inflammatory phagocytes were rapidly marshalled to foci of infection where they appeared to cause the destruction of infected hepatocytes, thereby releasing bacteria into the e ... | 1992 | 1452350 |
| [the structural-functional changes in the cells of francisella tularensis strain 15 gaĭskiĭ during cultivation and sublimational drying]. | instrumental methods of investigation were used for the demonstration of changes in the fatty acid composition of f. tularensis, strain 15 gaĭskiĭ, during cultivation in solid culture medium, storage after lyophilization, as well as changes in the functioning of the system of membrane-dependent enzymes of the respiratory chain and in the permeability of cell wall membranes by water molecules and nadh after lyophilization. a relationship between the survival rate of f. tularensis cells after lyop ... | 1992 | 1455960 |
| [superoxide dismutase activity in representatives of the genus francisella]. | superoxide dismutase (sod) activity has been registered in representatives of the genus francisella. the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme and a number of its isoforms in f. tularensis are linked with the subdivision of this species into several subspecies. avirulent and noncapsular variants of f. tularensis are characterized by a higher sod activity than the initial virulent strains. attempts to detect catalase activity in f. tularensis have failed. | 1992 | 1455976 |
| using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to study immune response against intracellular bacterial infection. | principal component analysis was applied to two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis patterns, obtained in various phases of infection. untreated controls could be satisfactorily differentiated from patterns after infection on days 3 and 7 whereas day 10 of infection was grouped with the controls. comparison of host cellular protein patterns could help to classify in vivo developing infection without requiring any so-called immune marker functions. immunoaffinity separation of infected cells tr ... | 1992 | 1459105 |
| [the preventive activity of monoclonal antibodies specific to the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis]. | the preventive activity of five monoclonal antibodies (mcab) in experimental tularemia was evaluated. mcab produced by hybridoma fb11-k (igg2a), specific to f. tularensis lipopolysaccharide, prevented the death of mice and guinea pigs infected with f. tularensis virulent strain 503 of the holarctic subspecies. | 1992 | 1481610 |
| [neuraminidase activity in representatives of the genus francisella]. | in two francisella species (f. tularensis and f. novicida) neuraminidase activity, heretofore unknown, was detected. the enzyme exhibited specificity with respect to the substrates used in the investigation, neutralizing natural mucins, but not other compounds (glycoproteins and glycoproteins). all f. tularensis strains were found to have enzymatic activity irrespective of their subspecies, but neuraminidase activity was higher in the strains belonging to the american subspecies. experimentally ... | 1992 | 1481613 |
| [the opsonizing activity of the sera of hamadryas baboons immunized with a preparation of the outer membranes of francisella tularensis (based on data from the luminol-dependent luminescence method)]. | the opsonizing properties of sera obtained from hamadryas baboons immunized with the preparation of f. tularensis outer membranes (om) were studied with the use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (cl) of whole blood. the immunization of monkeys with the om preparation was shown to lead to the formation of functionally active antibodies possessing opsonizing properties with respect to virulent f. tularensis. immune sera obtained from the animals immunized with live vaccine and from those immu ... | 1992 | 1496878 |
| [the lps-protein complex from the outer membrane of francisella tularensis]. | lps-protein complex containing proteins of 15 kd, 17 kd and 19 kd was isolated from f. tularensis outer membrane by solving with sodium deoxycholate with the subsequent gel filtration on sephacryl s-200. protein of 17 kd constituted the main protein component of the complex. the lps-protein ratio of this complex was 1:1. proteins contained in lps-protein complex have mainly the alpha-spiral structure. in the absence of detergent these proteins and lps formed micelles with molecular weight exceed ... | 1992 | 1509840 |
| serologic survey for selected arboviruses and other potential pathogens in wildlife from mexico. | during 1988 and 1989, a serologic survey of wildlife was conducted in northeastern mexico to determine the presence, prevalence, and distribution of arboviruses and other selected disease agents. eighty mammal specimens were tested. antibodies to vesicular stomatitis-indiana, venezuelan equine encephalitis-mena ii, rio grande virus, and vesicular stomatitis-new jersey were detected predominantly in small mammals. deer and mouflon (ovis musimon) had antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrha ... | 1992 | 1512876 |
| effect of culture media and incubation temperature on growth of selected strains of francisella tularensis. | the rate and amount of growth of 4 field isolates and reference strain atcc 6223 of francisella tularensis were evaluated on isolation media with 2 different agar bases and with different supplements and incubated at 25 c, 35 c, and 42 c. biochemical reactions on conventional differential media with and without cysteine were evaluated. two of the field isolates and the reference strain were f. tularensis subspecies tularensis (formerly biovar tularensis or type a), and 2 isolates were subspecies ... | 1992 | 1515487 |
| use of a zwitterionic detergent for the restoration of the antibody binding capacity of immunoblotted francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide. | a method for the partial restoration of the antibody binding capacity of francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide (lps) following denaturation (dissociation) in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) is described. the method relies on the presence of a zwitterionic detergent in the matrix of an sds-polyacrylamide gel and in the transfer buffer during an immunoblot. f. tularensis lps, which had lost its earlier capacity to bind to a particular monoclonal antibody in the normal blot procedure, did ... | 1992 | 1524210 |
| francisella tularensis--a model for studies of the immune response to intracellular bacteria in man. | | 1992 | 1526645 |
| activation of macrophages for destruction of francisella tularensis: identification of cytokines, effector cells, and effector molecules. | francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) was grown in culture with nonadherent resident, starch-elicited, or proteose peptone-elicited peritoneal cells. numbers of bacteria increased 4 logs over the input inoculum in 48 to 72 h. growth rates were faster in inflammatory cells than in resident cells: generation times for the bacterium were 3 h in inflammatory cells and 6 h in resident macrophages. lvs-infected macrophage cultures treated with lymphokines did not support growth of the bacte ... | 1992 | 1541555 |
| growth inhibition of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain by ifn-gamma-activated macrophages is mediated by reactive nitrogen intermediates derived from l-arginine metabolism. | we have examined the abilities of the recombinant murine lymphokines ifn-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage (gm)-csf, and il-4 to stimulate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophages against the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis. resident peritoneal macrophages from c57bl/6 strain mice were cultured overnight with ifn-gamma, gm-csf, or il-4, and then infected with lvs. in macrophages treated with ifn-gamma, the growth of lvs was suppressed by a factor of 100- to 1000-fold in ... | 1992 | 1541823 |
| glandular tularemia with typhoidal features in a manitoba child. | | 1992 | 1596844 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice to a 17-kilodalton lipoprotein of francisella tularensis expressed by salmonella typhimurium. | a 17-kda lipoprotein, tul4, of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis is one of several membrane proteins that induce an in vitro response in t cells from f. tularensis-primed humans. a dna fragment of the live vaccine strain f. tularensis lvs encoding tul4 was cloned into salmonella typhimurium chi 4072, an attenuated delta cya delta crp mutant. expression of the protein by the recombinant s. typhimurium chi 4072 (ptul4-15) was maintained after passage in balb/cj mice. w ... | 1992 | 1612751 |
| research on ticks and tickborne pathogens in missouri--an interim research report. | | 1992 | 1620086 |
| [mutations in francisella tularensis, decreasing the virulence of these bacteria and leading to a change in the immune response upon infection of experimental animals with them]. | the research was aimed at isolation of francisella tularensis mutants possessing the decreased virulence for experimental animals and mediating the changes in the animal immune response. a number of spontaneous and induced mutants of the american and european subtypes of francisella tularensis were selected for antibiotics resistance or detergent sensitivity. all the obtained mutants have the decreased virulence and differ in their ability to induce the protective antitularemia immunity or abili ... | 1992 | 1620153 |
| [surveillance of francisella tularensis infection in dogs in bratislava]. | out of 548 serologically investigated dogs from bratislava and other regions of slovakia and moravia, antibodies to f. tularensis were found in 16.4% (tabs. i, ii). in all the investigated groups of dogs from the region of bratislava the highest seroprevalence by f. tularensis was recorded in watch dogs kept on farms and in cooperatives--37.5% and in rambling dogs--20.7% (tab. i). the highest seropositivity was found in one to three year old dogs--22.2% (tab. iii). a similar degree of seropreval ... | 1992 | 1641946 |
| [the ockelbo disease, nephropathia epidemica and tularemia. a great deal is known about the infectious diseases in the north--but quite a few question-marks are left]. | | 1991 | 1650870 |
| [a natural focus of sandfly fever in the republic of afghanistan]. | the serological study of persons contacting dengue-like fever in 1987 in afghanistan (in rukha, parwān province) revealed that in 74% of cases an increase in the titers of antibodies to sicilian and neapolitan sandfly [correction of mosquito-borne] fever viruses was registered. considering that such diseases appeared here for a number of years and were linked in time with the activity of sandflies [correction of mosquitoes] of the species phlebotomus papatasii, the suggestion was made on the exi ... | 1991 | 1651638 |
| [the characteristics of potassium ion transport across the bacterial membranes in a vaccinal culture of francisella tularensis]. | the presence of the systems of energy-dependent accumulation of potassium ions and their passive exchange for protons in cytoplasmic bacterial membranes of f. tularensis strain 15 has been demonstrated by means of a k(+)-selective electrode and the turbidimetric method. the kinetic parameters of the energy-dependent k+ transport: km = 0.83 +/- 0.20 mm k+, vmax = 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm k+/mg of dry weight. min. under the conditions of anoxia f. tularensis cannot retain potassium ions in their cytoplasm ... | 1991 | 1653509 |
| cytotoxic cd4+ t cells specific for francisella tularensis. | the specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tularaemia-immune human t lymphocytes were studied in vitro. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of six tularaemia-vaccinated healthy subjects were stimulated with f. tularensis lvs whole cell antigen for 6 days and used as effector cells in a conventional 4-h 51cr release cytotoxicity assay. the target cells were phagocyting autologous monocytes, which were pulsed with f. tularensis or ppd antigen. the specific lysis of the f. tularensis-pulsed c ... | 1991 | 1671003 |
| development of francisella tularensis antigen responses measured as t-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-2 and -4) during human tularemia. | the lymphocyte immune reactivity of 12 tularemia patients to francisella tularensis antigens prepared from the bacterial cell envelope was examined during a 14-week follow-up study. lymphocyte blast transformation responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to different protein antigens appeared simultaneously 2 weeks after the first symptoms of tularemia, indicating that none of these antigens had any special role at the early phase of immunization. while the lymphocyte blast transfo ... | 1991 | 1674737 |
| mixed rickettsia-virus infection in dermacentor reticulatus imago. | electron microscopic examination revealed replication and accumulation of rickettsia sibirica in the fat body of experimentally infected dermacentor reticulatus ticks. rickettsia are released from the fat body cells by budding being surrounded with cytoplasm and plasmalemma of the host cell. eukaryotic cell structures have been detected consisting of lamella layers whirled around the intact rickettsiae. in addition to rickettsia, microorganisms morphologically resembling francisella tularensis a ... | 1991 | 1681715 |
| several membrane polypeptides of the live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs stimulate t cells from naturally infected individuals. | the currently used live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs was derived several decades ago from a wild strain of the species. in the present report, several membrane polypeptides of lvs are shown to be recognized by t cells from individuals immunized by natural infection with f. tularensis. bacterial membranes of a capsule-deficient mutant of lvs were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. thereafter, gels were divided into seven fractions, each fraction c ... | 1990 | 1688874 |
| [an immunoglobulin-penicillinase conjugate for detecting the antigen of the causative agent of tularemia]. | immunoglobulin penicillinase conjugate for the detection of fr. tularensis antigen in enzyme immunoassay has been prepared. its sensitivity is 0.7-1.0 ng/ml of fr. tularensis lipopolysaccharide. the technique for the preparation of this conjugate is simpler than for that of peroxidase conjugate. | 1990 | 1691340 |
| identification of francisella species and discrimination of type a and type b strains of f. tularensis by 16s rrna analysis. | tularemia is a zoonotic disease, occurring throughout the northern hemisphere. the causative agent, the bacterium francisella tularensis, is represented by two main types. type a is found in north america, whereas type b is mainly found in asia and europe and to a minor extent in north america. no routine technique for rapid diagnosis of tularemia has been generally applied. we have partially sequenced 16s rrnas of two f. tularensis strains, as well as the closely related francisella novicida. o ... | 1990 | 1692676 |
| nucleotide sequence and t cell epitopes of a membrane protein of francisella tularensis. | a 17-kda major membrane protein of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis is recognized by t cells from individuals previously undergoing tularemia or tularemia vaccination. here the nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene is presented. the a + t rich sequence deduced a protein of 149 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 15,772. evidence is presented suggesting that the 17-kda protein is a lipoprotein. also, homology was found to a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of ... | 1990 | 1694206 |
| diversity of francisella tularensis antigens recognized by human t lymphocytes. | the francisella tularensis t-lymphocyte antigens, which may have a role in protection against tularemia, were investigated with vaccine-immunized subjects. preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was used to fractionate the bacterial envelope preparation. the 23 fractions obtained represented membrane proteins of different apparent molecular masses ranging from 10 to 150 kilodaltons. different fractions contained one to four separate protein bands stained ... | 1990 | 1695207 |
| use of rna hybridization in the diagnosis of a case of ulceroglandular tularemia. | | 1990 | 1702055 |
| the production of oxygen metabolites and their possible regulatory role in the course of tularemia infection. | the changes of oxidative metabolism were studied in the course of a primary infection of mice with attenuated strain of francisella tularensis. metabolic stimulation of peritoneal cells is associated with a significant increase in spontaneous tetrazolium derivative reduction, the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide on day 5 after the immunization. the enhancement of superoxide dismutase precedes the increase in superoxide anion secretion. the splenic cells of immunized mice obta ... | 1990 | 1702745 |
| in vivo modulation of the murine immune response to francisella tularensis lvs by administration of anticytokine antibodies. | the role(s) of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and interleukin-4 (il-4) in establishment and maintenance of protective immunity to francisella tularensis lvs in mice (c3h/hen) was examined by selective removal of these cytokines in vivo with neutralizing antibodies. the 50% lethal dose (ld50) for mice infected intradermally with f. tularensis alone was 136,000 cfu; treatment of mice with anti-ifn-gamma or anti-tnf-alpha at the time of infection significantl ... | 1992 | 1729199 |
| pneumonia. patient profiles, choice of empiric therapy, and the place of third-generation cephalosporins. | choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients with pneumonia requires knowledge of the etiologic agents seen in specific kinds of patients at specific times and places. for community-acquired pneumonia, there is an important difference in the agents seen in the normal and the compromised host. the normal host most often presents with viral, mycoplasmal, or pneumococcal pneumonia. the exact place of chlamydia pneumoniae is still under study. a normal host who aspirates is at risk of ana ... | 1992 | 1730186 |
| [features of the interaction of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis rna polymerases with hybrid plasmids bearing fragments of francisella tularensis chromosomal dna]. | hybrid plasmids containing the fragments of francisella tularensis chromosomal dna and capable of tet-gene expression both in escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cells were constructed. the regions of francisella chromosomal dna binding the rna-polymerases of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis were found by the electron microscopy technique. interconnection of those regions with the expression of tet-gene of the hybrid plasmids was demonstrated. | 1991 | 1745260 |
| [biochemical, antigenic and protective properties of the outer membrane of tularemia pathogens]. | the outer membranes of francisella tularensis were studied. the membranes were identified morphologically, immunologically and biochemically. they contained 12-20% of protein, 15-30% of carbohydrates, up to 40% of lipids. the main integral proteins of the outer membranes were the 47, 43, 17 and 12 kd proteins. the main protein 63 kd was not integral. the lipopolysaccharides isolated from the outer membranes and acetone-dried cells did not possess the protective properties in experimental tularem ... | 1991 | 1745261 |
| [behavior of sa plasmid in tularemia pathogen cells]. | the genome of sa plasmid is shown to be a subject of genetical rearrangements in francisella tularensis cells. the rearrangements either result in plasmid integration into the host cell genome or intramolecular amplification of cat-gene with the subsequent excision and recombination of the derivative plasmids. stable inheritance of the plasmid is registered after integration while plasmid elimination occurs in case of extrachromosomal localisation. | 1991 | 1745270 |
| [study of cat gene expression in sa and pc194 plasmids in escherichia coli, francisella tularensis, and bacillus subtilis cells]. | the unit activities were defined for chloramphenicol-acetyltransferases coded for by the cat-genes of the plasmids sa and pc194 in francisella tularensis, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis cells. francisella tularensis cells were shown to hold intermediate position between escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis cells in their ability to express the genes of the different taxonomic origin. the direct dependence was found between the dose of the gene coding for chloramphenicol-acetyltransfera ... | 1991 | 1745271 |
| [transfer of bacteriophage prd1 genes into modified plasmid sa of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cells]. | the donor specific bacteriophage prdi has been shown to mediate the genes transfer into escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cell under certain conditions. it is necessary for the process that the recipient cells inherit the plasmids determining absorbtion of bacteriophages on the cellular surface while the transferred genes are able to be expressed. the frequencies of the tet-gene transfer from the plasmid pskft5 into escherichia coli and francisella tularensis 15 cells inheriting the pl ... | 1991 | 1745272 |
| structure of the o-antigen of francisella tularensis strain 15. | the o-specific polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis strain 15, contained 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-quinac), 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-d-glucose (d-qui4nfm), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide (d-galnacan) in the ratios 1:1:2. tri- and tetra-saccharide fragments were obtained on treatment of the polysaccharide with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and partial hydrolysis with 0.1 m hydrochloric acid, respectively. on the b ... | 1991 | 1769021 |
| acute tularemia in three domestic cats. | acute francisella tularensis infection in 3 domestic cats was presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and lesions and confirmed by culturing or immunofluorescent demonstration of the organism. clinical findings include marked signs of depression, oral/lingual ulceration, regional or generalized lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, panleukopenia with severe toxic change of neutrophils, and hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubinuria. lesions found at necropsy included icterus, oropharyn ... | 1991 | 1778744 |
| [hybrid plasmid pskeft5 assures the transfer of plasmids sa from escherichia coli cells into cells of the tularemia microbe vaccine strain cells]. | | 1991 | 1784299 |
| transformation and allelic replacement in francisella spp. | we describe methods for transposon mutagenesis and allelic replacement in the facultative intracellular pathogen francisella. recombinant clones were constructed by insertion of partially cut f. tularensis or f. novicida dna into puc19 and then mutagenized with a mini-tn10-km transposon. f. novicida could be transformed with these plasmids either by a chemical transformation method or by electroporation, whereas f. tularensis could be transformed only by electroporation. transformation of f. tul ... | 1991 | 1791425 |
| water- and airborne francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica isolated from human blood. | the isolation of francisella tularensis from human blood is extremely rare in europe. we here describe two cases of septicemia caused by f. tularensis biovar palaearctica, where the causative bacterium was isolated from blood. one of our patients had ingested contaminated water; the other was probably infected by inhalation of contaminated dust. the isolation of the causative organism was essential for initiating the appropriate antibiotic treatment, which led to a rapid improvement. since the r ... | 1991 | 1800375 |
| [the glycolipids of the causative agent of tularemia]. | up to 10 glycolipids were detected in f. tularensis with the use of thin-layer chromatographic techniques. these glycolipids were slime antigens of f. tularensis membrane. attenuated f. tularensis strains were found to have defects in their glycolipid composition: in the vaccine strain glycolipid 8 was replaced by more polar lipid 8-a; the avirulent strain had only two glycolipids, and one of them was not typical for virulent strains. considering that glycolipids differed from entero-bacterial v ... | 1991 | 1801478 |
| [comparative characteristics of biological properties of francisella tularensis strains isolated in the ussr]. | with a large collection of the strains of f. tularensis isolated it has been recently shown that cultures belonging to holarctica and mediaasiatica circulate in the endemic foci of the ussr. by their biological and genetic properties the natural strains of f. tularensis were homogeneous and represented type cultures of f. tularensis. various ecological conditions in the natural environment did not change within the last 20 years the sensitivity of the tularemia microbe to the antibacterial drugs ... | 1991 | 1805689 |
| in vitro susceptibility of francisella tularensis to fluoroquinolones and treatment of tularemia with norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. | the in vitro susceptibility of ten strains of francisella tularensis to four fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin) was investigated by determining the mbcs of these quinolones. the results were as follows (mean +/- se): ciprofloxacin 0.13 +/- 0.03 mg/l, norfloxacin 0.24 +/- 0.07 mg/l, ofloxacin 2.16 +/- 0.78 mg/l and pefloxacin 0.51 +/- 0.50 mg/l. these concentrations can be achieved in clinical practice. in addition, four tularemia patients were treated with an ... | 1991 | 1864276 |
| [the use of microdot immunoenzyme analysis with visual detection for the determination of tularemia antibodies]. | the possibility of using the micropoint enzyme immunoassay (eia) on a nitrocellulose membrane with the visual evaluation of results for the detection of tularemia igg antibodies in hamadryas baboons at the postvaccinal period has been studied. the sensitivity of this assay has been compared with that of the passive hemagglutination (pha) test, the microagglutination (ma) test and eia with the spectrophotometric evaluation of results in plates. as shown in this study, eia in the above-mentioned m ... | 1991 | 1872100 |
| [the morphological characteristics of globulin production during the vaccinal process induced by tularemia and brucellosis vaccines]. | significant data on the dynamics of globulin production in guinea pigs in the process of immunogenesis after the injection of francisella tularensis vaccine strain or conjugated brucellosis vaccine have been obtained by means of immunofluorescence and the enzyme immunoassay. the number of globulin-producing cells in lymphoid organs (the spleen, regional and remote lymph nodes) differs, depending on the injected antigen. the relationship between the character of immunomorphological changes in lym ... | 1991 | 1872101 |
| live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis: infection and immunity in mice. | the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis caused lethal disease in several mouse strains. lethality depended upon the dose and route of inoculation. the lethal dose for 50% of the mice (ld50) in four of six mouse strains (a/j, balb/chsd, c3h/henhsd, and swr/j) given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation was less than 10 cfu. for the other two strains tested, c3h/hej and c57bl/6j, the i.p. log ld50 was 1.5 and 2.7, respectively. similar susceptibility was observed in mice inoculated ... | 1991 | 1879918 |
| the t-cell-stimulating 17-kilodalton protein of francisella tularensis lvs is a lipoprotein. | a t-cell-stimulating, membrane-located 17-kda protein of the live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs has previously been cloned and sequenced. in the present study, it is shown to be a lipoprotein. when f. tularensis was grown in the presence of [3h]palmitate, several proteins of the organism, including a 17-kda protein, were radiolabeled. the labeled 17-kda protein was found by western blot (immunoblot) analysis to be identical to the cloned protein. it was located in the detergent phase ... | 1991 | 1879938 |
| growth of francisella spp. in rodent macrophages. | we examined the nature of the interactions between the facultative intracellular pathogens francisella tularensis and f. novicida and rodent macrophages. growth of f. tularensis lvs was observed in macrophage monolayers from mice, guinea pigs, or rats. in contrast, f. novicida grew in macrophages from mice and guinea pigs but not in macrophages from rats. transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that both francisella species survive within macrophage phagosomes that are unfused with ly ... | 1991 | 1879943 |
| [an electron microscopic study of the intercellular contact of a vaccinal strain of francisella tularensis with gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria]. | the use of transmission electron microscopy (the negative contrast and ultrathin section techniques) has made it possible to show that f. tularensis vaccine strain is capable, under normal conditions and in mixtures with other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, of forming cell aggregations with close contacts between cells, this contact being probably irreversible. the ultrastructure of bacteria taking part in the formation of intercellular contacts remains intact. | 1991 | 1882602 |
| [the dependence of the functional activity of "immune" macrophages on t-cells]. | the dependence of the functional activity of the peritoneal macrophages of mice immunized with francisella tularensis vaccine strain on the presence of t-cells in the culture has been studied. the elimination of "immune" macrophages and sensitized t-lymphocytes by means of anti-thy-1-2-serum has been shown to lead to a sharp decrease in both ingestive and digestive functions of the phagocytic mononuclears of peritoneal exudate to the level of the activity of macrophages isolated from intact anim ... | 1991 | 1882612 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis. | two monoclonal antibodies (ft14 and ft2f11) directed against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis were produced for use in tests to detect the organism in environmental samples and clinical specimens. the specificity of the antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. both antibodies detected lps from f. tularensis by elisa, but only one antibody, ft14, was serologically active in an immunoblot. treatment of the lps with detergents ... | 1991 | 1885735 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of tularemia in oklahoma, 1979 to 1985. | we studied the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of tularemia in 165 oklahomans from 1979 to 1985. the ulceroglandular form of the disease was most common (60%), followed by typhoidal (18%), glandular (15%), oropharyngeal (7%), and oculoglandular (1%) forms. the male-female ratio was 3.7:1, and the highest rates of disease were found in the age groups 5 to 14, 35 to 44, and 55 to 74. ticks were most frequently implicated as the source of infection (84/154 [55%]), followed by rabbits, (5 ... | 1991 | 1891728 |
| does exercise stress alter susceptibility to bacterial infections? | swimming was used for evaluating alterations in performance capacity and as a means for studying the influence of exercise stress on susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae and francisella tularensis infections in two strains of rats, i.e. fisher-dunning (fd) and sprague-dawley (sd). the performance capacity was reduced by both diseases and was correlated to the dose of the given micro-organism. fd rats, however, were more susceptible to the infection and showed a greater deterioration than s ... | 1991 | 1897063 |
| francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. | cell-mediated immunity is essential for protection against the intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia. positive in vitro t-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (il-2) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. studies on the secretion of lymphokines with regard to the developing immunity to f. tularensis have not been published. therefore, 14 subjects with no clinical history of tularemia ... | 1991 | 1909711 |
| [comparison of the structural-functional properties of dna-dependent rna polymerase of the tularemia microbe and intestinal bacterial]. | the subunit compositions of rna-polymerases from escherichia coli and francisella tularensis were compared. the activities of the enzymes on the corresponding chromosomal dnas and their mixtures were defined. | 1991 | 1944326 |
| [the nonspecific protection of guinea pigs immunized with a live tularemia vaccine against lung infection by legionella pneumophila]. | | 1991 | 1950286 |
| [the characteristics of the antibody response of animals immunized with components of the surface structures of francisella tularensis]. | antibody formation in animals immunized with one of the components of f. tularensis surface structures was studied. the time course of antibody formation in 20 hamadryas baboons was studied in the passive hemagglutination (pha) test, microagglutination (ma) test, and indirect enzyme immunoassay, used for the determination of igg, iga and igm antibodies. the character of antibody response in the animals immunized with components of f. tularensis surface structures (s-complex) and with live tulare ... | 1991 | 1950288 |
| atypical pneumonia. | the atypical pneumonia syndrome usually implies a benign illness where systemic complaints predominate over respiratory symptoms. cough is prominent; chest radiographic findings are varied. many organisms are associated with this syndrome. mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia pneumoniae, coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis are reviewed in this article. | 1991 | 1955701 |
| use of biotechnical methods in veterinary medicine. | biotechnological methods offer promising approaches for improved diagnostic and prophylactic purposes. the following biotechnological techniques are used in the institute of virology at the hanover veterinary school:--production of monoclonal antibodies directed against viral and bacteria-specific antigens such as bovine virus diarrhoea virus, classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus, feline leukaemia virus, animal parvoviruses, alphavirus, brucella and francisella--establishment of improved an ... | 1990 | 1966725 |
| the activation of macrophages in the immune response against the intracellular bacterial pathogen francisella tularensis. | the activation of peritoneal macrophages in the course of primary infection of mice with attenuated strain of francisella tularensis is associated with 2.5 fold increase in spontaneous int reductase activity on day 5 after the immunization. the splenic cells of immunized mice pulsed in vitro by specific antigen secrete lymphokine that is able to induce an increase in spontaneous int reductase activity of resident peritoneal cells. the production of spontaneous superoxide anion by peritoneal phag ... | 1990 | 1966755 |
| vector roles of fennoscandian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs. | 1. mosquitoes were sampled with five suction traps, from may to october 1983, at a forest site in south-central sweden. 2. twenty-three species of mosquitoes were identified among the total of 3108 females collected: 4% of them in an unbaited trap, 3% in a trap baited with two frogs, 24% with a guinea-pig, 28% with a hen and 40% in a trap baited with a rabbit. 3. the dominant species of culicidae trapped were 39% aedes communis (de geer), 21% ae. cinereus meigen, 14% coquillettidia richiardii (f ... | 1990 | 1983455 |
| clinical manifestations of tularemia in japan--analysis of 1,355 cases observed between 1924 and 1987. | a total of 1,355 cases of tularemia observed between 1924 and 1987 in japan were viewed on the basis of clinical manifestations and the results were compared with those in the united states. the incubation period varied from one day to over one month. in 75.5% of cases, the symptoms of illness appeared within seven days with the peak on the third day. a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms was generally observed, and 92% of cases was followed by regional lymph node swelling which mostly appeared in ... | 1991 | 2013502 |
| inhibitory effect of rat immunization with tularemia vaccine on the in vivo clastogenicity of 4 anthracycline antibiotics. | we studied the in vivo effect of rat immunization with tularemia live vaccine (tlv) on chromosomal aberrations (ca) induced in bone marrow cells by 4 anthracycline antibiotics. ca induced by adriamycin (adr) and 4'-epiadriamycin (eadr) in rat bone marrow cells consisted mainly of chromatid breaks (approximately 90%), whereas lesions induced by aclacur (ac) and aclarubicin (acr) consisted only of chromatid breaks. preliminary cutaneous immunization of rats with tlv revealed significant suppressio ... | 1991 | 2046701 |
| [antigenic composition of outer membrane proteins of the tularemia pathogen]. | | 1990 | 2074891 |
| tularemia in a cat. | | 1990 | 2094456 |
| [the effect of the osmotic pressure of the culture medium on cells of francisella tularensis vaccinal strain 15]. | the dependence of the growth rate of f. tularensis on the osmotic properties of the medium can be presented as a curve with the maximum in the area of 500-600 mosm. under these circumstances the intracellular osmotic pressure exceeds the extracellular one by 50-100 mosm. with the rise of the osmotic pressure in the medium the increase of the concentration of k+ in the cells occurs. the energy-dependent accumulation of k+ in the cells at rest is activated by the rise of the osmotic pressure in th ... | 1990 | 2097847 |
| immunization of mice with an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain expressing a membrane protein of francisella tularensis. a model for identification of bacterial determinants relevant to the host defence against tularemia. | a 17-kilodalton (kda) protein of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis is one of several membrane proteins that induce an in vitro response in t cells from f. tularensis-primed humans. a dna fragment containing two genes, one of which encodes the 17-kda protein, was cloned into an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain. mice orally immunized with the recombinant s. typhimurium strain showed lower viable counts in livers and spleens after challenge with f. tularensis lv ... | 1990 | 2101478 |
| [specific immunoglobulins of different classes in brucellosis in human beings]. | the paper is concerned with the results of studying the level of specific igg, iga and igm in people with different forms of brucellosis. immunoglobulins belonging to different classes were identified by means of iea. examination of 514 patients with different forms of brucellosis and 122 controls demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of iea for detecting antibodies of different physiochemical nature. the use of iea made it possible to establish definite regularities of the synthesis ... | 1990 | 2128861 |
| [special preventive immunization against early summer meningoencephalitis and tularemia for laborers of the natural gas central youth project in the ussr]. | | 1990 | 2165713 |
| tularemia in children caused by francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica. | existing data on tularemia infections in children caused by the biovar francisella tularensis palaearctica (type b) are limited. the case histories of all patients younger than the age of 16 years in northern finland who had tularemia, based on the antibody response, during the years 1967 to 1986 are reviewed. a total of 67 children, 28 girls and 39 boys, were identified as having had tularemia. the occurrence of the disease varied greatly among years. most of the cases occurred in july, august ... | 1990 | 2179844 |
| [construction and analysis of the tularemia pathogen gene library in escherichia coli]. | the library of tularemia causative agent genes cloned on the phc79 plasmid and the partial clonotek of these agents genes in escherichia coli cells have been constructed. the immunochemical analysis has revealed seven clones of escherichia coli harbouring the recombinant plasmids and expressing francisella antigens. the cloned sequences of francisella dna as well as the recombinant plasmids containing them and coding for francisella antigens are capable of specific hybridization with the dna fro ... | 1990 | 2185419 |
| [a receptor for the fc fragment of human igg in the causative agent of tularemia]. | in 4 francisella tularensis strains varying in virulence a receptor to fc site of human igg has been detected. this receptor consists of two active components with molecular weights of 67,000 and 40,000, competing for binding on fc site of human igg with staphylococcus aureus protein a. | 1990 | 2201152 |
| francisella tularensis from ixodid ticks in czechoslovakia. | a total of 26,478 ixodid ticks (935 pools) were examined by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. six species of ticks were tested: ixodes ricinus (23,470 individuals), i. trianguliceps (12), haemaphysalis punctata (831), h. concinna (39), dermacentor reticulatus (69) and d. marginatus (2,057). the ticks were collected largely by flagging vegetation, a substantial minority (4%) from animals. three strains of francisella tularensis were isolated, one each from i. ricinus (males, district br ... | 1990 | 2227710 |
| microagglutination test for early and specific serodiagnosis of tularemia. | a microagglutination test with safranin-stained francisella tularensis antigen was compared with a conventional tube agglutination test for the serodiagnosis of tularemia. the microagglutination test was performed in round-bottom microtiter plates by using 0.025 ml of the antisera and of the antigen. the antibody titers obtained by using the microagglutination test were 8 to 64 times higher than those seen with the tube agglutination. by the microagglutination test, the serum agglutinins were de ... | 1990 | 2229367 |