| genetic diversity and relationships of campylobacter species and subspecies. | the existence of tremendous genetic diversity within campylobacter species has been well documented. to analyse the population structure of campylobacter and determine whether or not a clonal population structure could be detected, genetic diversity was assessed within the genus campylobacter by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of 156 isolates representing 11 species and subspecies from disparate sources. analyses of electrophoretic mobility of 11 enzymes revealed 109 electrophoretic types (ets ... | 2002 | 12361288 |
| direct quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lanienae in feces of cattle by real-time quantitative pcr. | campylobacter species are fastidious to culture, and the ability to directly quantify biomass in microbiologically complex substrates using real-time quantitative (rtq) pcr may enhance our understanding of their biology and facilitate the development of efficacious mitigation strategies. this study reports the use of nested rtq-pcr to directly quantify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lanienae in cattle feces. for c. jejuni, the single-copy mapa gene was selected. for c. lanienae, the thre ... | 2004 | 15066825 |
| campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin mediates release of interleukin-8 from intestinal epithelial cells. | live cells of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (il-8) from int407 cells. additionally, membrane fractions of c. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of c. coli strains, can also induce release of il-8. membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) were unable to induce il-8. the presence of the three cdt genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restor ... | 2000 | 11083762 |
| identification of taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among campylobacter species by numerical analysis of aflp profiles. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based profiling was performed on 138 strains representing all named campylobacter species and subspecies. profiles of 15/16 species comprised 6 to greater than 100 fragments and were subjected to numerical analysis. the mean similarity of 48 duplicate, outbreak and/or 'identical' strain profiles exceeded 94%. species were clearly distinguished at the 17.90% similarity (s-) level in the dendrogram. subspecies of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter ... | 2000 | 11094296 |
| purification, characterization and sequence analysis of omp50,a new porin isolated from campylobacter jejuni. | a novel pore-forming protein identified in campylobacter was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and named omp50 according to both its molecular mass and its outer membrane localization. we observed a pore-forming ability of omp50 after re-incorporation into artificial membranes. the protein induced cation-selective channels with major conductance values of 50-60 ps in 1 m nacl. n-terminal sequencing allowed us to identify the predicted coding sequence cj1170c from the campylobacter jejuni g ... | 2000 | 11104668 |
| antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder. | the antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extracts are well established but those of garlic oil (go) are little known. methodologies for estimating the antimicrobial activity of go were assessed and go, go sulfide constituents, and garlic powder (gp) were compared in tests against human enteric bacteria. test methodologies were identified as capable of producing underestimates of go activity. antimicrobial activity was greater in media lacking tryptone or cysteine, suggesting that, as for alli ... | 2001 | 11133485 |
| detection of campylobacter spp. in chicken fecal samples by real-time pcr. | a real-time pcr assay for detecting thermophilic campylobacter spp. directly in chicken feces has been developed. dna was isolated from fecal material by using magnetic beads followed by pcr with a prealiquoted pcr mixture, which had been stored at -18 degrees c. campylobacter could be detected in less than 4 h, with a detection limit of 100 to 150 cfu/ml, in a fecal suspension. a bacterial internal control was added before dna extraction to control both dna isolation and the presence of pcr inh ... | 2004 | 15528705 |
| detection of thermophilic campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex pcr: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with campylobacter. | the best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari were examined. the multiplex pcr was able to detect type strains of the three species. all results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of c. jejuni, 20 strains of c. coli, and 4 strains of c. lari) by the multiplex pcr coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex pcr can simultaneo ... | 2000 | 11193345 |
| national surveillance of campylobacter in broilers at slaughter in denmark in 1998. | a surveillance study for thermophilic campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks was carried out for the year 1998 in denmark. the study included examinations of 4286 broiler flocks comprising samples from 57,000 birds. overall, a flock prevalence of 46.0% was recorded. the species distribution was campylobacter jejuni 86%, campylobacter coli 11%, campylobacter lari 1%, other not further diagnosed species 2%. the prevalence was significantly higher in the period from june to october (3.2 < odds ratio ... | 2000 | 11195660 |
| campylobacter lari bacteremia. | | 2001 | 11298152 |
| differentiation of campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter upsaliensis by a multiplex pcr developed from the nucleotide sequence of the lipid a gene lpxa. | we describe a multiplex pcr assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter upsaliensis. the c. jejuni isolate f38011 lpxa gene, encoding a udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase, was identified by sequence analysis of an expression plasmid that restored wild-type lipopolysaccharide levels in escherichia coli strain sm105 [lpxa(ts)]. with oligonucleotide primers developed to the c. jejuni lpxa gene, nearly fu ... | 2004 | 15583280 |
| identification of distinct campylobacter lari genogroups by amplified fragment length polymorphism and protein electrophoretic profiles. | campylobacter lari is a phenotypically and genotypically diverse species that comprises the classical nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (nartc) and the biochemical c. lari variants, including the urease-positive campylobacters (uptc), the nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters (nasc), and the urease-producing nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters. to study the taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among strains of the c. lari variants, amplified fragment length po ... | 2004 | 14711621 |
| fly transmission of campylobacter. | an annual increase in campylobacter infection in england and wales begins in may and reaches a maximum in early june. this increase occurs in all age groups and is seen in all geographic areas. examination of risk factors that might explain this seasonal increase identifies flies as a potential source of infection. the observed pattern of infection is hypothesized to reflect an annual epidemic caused by direct or indirect contamination of people by small quantities of infected material carried b ... | 2005 | 15757548 |
| campylobacter spp., giardia spp., cryptosporidium spp., noroviruses, and indicator organisms in surface water in southwestern finland, 2000-2001. | a total of 139 surface water samples from seven lakes and 15 rivers in southwestern finland were analyzed during five consecutive seasons from autumn 2000 to autumn 2001 for the presence of various enteropathogens (campylobacter spp., giardia spp., cryptosporidium spp., and noroviruses) and fecal indicators (thermotolerant coliforms, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and f-rna bacteriophages) and for physicochemical parameters (turbidity and temperature); this was the first such systema ... | 2004 | 14711629 |
| comparison of survival of campylobacter jejuni in the phyllosphere with that in the rhizosphere of spinach and radish plants. | campylobacter jejuni has been isolated previously from market produce and has caused gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to produce. we have tested the ability of this human pathogen to utilize organic compounds that are present in leaf and root exudates and to survive in the plant environment under various conditions. carbon utilization profiles revealed that c. jejuni can utilize many organic acids and amino acids available on leaves and roots. despite the presence of suitable substrates in the p ... | 2004 | 14766604 |
| simultaneous presence of multiple campylobacter species in dogs. | the prevalence of coinfection of campylobacter species in dogs was determined using four isolation methods. in 26% of the positive-testing stools, multiple campylobacter species were identified. the use of multiple isolation methods as well as the time lapse between sampling and processing are important for detection of coinfection. | 2004 | 14766860 |
| extended multilocus sequence typing system for campylobacter coli, c. lari, c. upsaliensis, and c. helveticus. | a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system has been reported previously for campylobacter jejuni to both differentiate strains and identify clonal lineages. however, sequence variation at the mlst loci prevents its use for closely related campylobacter species. we describe herein an expanded mlst method to include three clinically relevant campylobacter species, c. coli, c. lari, and c. upsaliensis, and a fourth campylobacter species, c. helveticus. the c. coli and c. helveticus methods use the ... | 2005 | 15872261 |
| immunohistochemical identification of campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions. | an immunohistochemistry (ihc) procedure for the detection of campylobacter fetus antigens using an avidin-biotin complex technique was performed on formalin fixed bovine and ovine fetal tissues from 26 natural cases of campylobacter spp. abortion (four ovine and 22 bovine). the species of campylobacter isolated included c. fetus ssp. venerealis from 13 bovine fetuses, c. fetus ssp. fetus from two ovine and one bovine fetus, campylobacter jejuni from seven bovine fetuses, campylobacter lari from ... | 2005 | 15876227 |
| occurrence of campylobacter jejuni in pets living with human patients infected with c. jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni was recovered from four dogs (11%) and four cats (33%) living with danish human patients infected with c. jejuni. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis revealed the occurrence of the same quinolone-resistant strain in a girl and her dog. c. jejuni isolates with closely related (>95% similarity) pfge profiles occurred in humans and pets from different danish counties. | 2004 | 15004120 |
| [the role of certain campylobacter types in the etiology of enterocolitis]. | in recent decades, medical community has increasingly been calling attention to the importance of campylobacter as an disease-causing agent in humans. nowadays, campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is known as the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. epidemiological differences of the infections caused by campylobacter, present in the developed and the developing countries, are attributed to the differences of the types of virulence. due to the specificity, and the demanding features ... | 2004 | 15022385 |
| genes of helicobacter pylori regulated by attachment to ags cells. | reciprocal interactions between helicobacter pylori and cells of the gastric epithelium to which it adheres may affect colonization. changes in gene expression of h. pylori induced by adhesion to ags gastric cancer cells by coculture were compared to changes in gene expression of h. pylori cultured without ags cells by using cdna filter macroarrays. adhesion was quantitatively verified by confocal microscopy of green fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria. four experiments showed that 22 and 21 ... | 2004 | 15039361 |
| longitudinal study of the excretion patterns of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in young pet dogs in denmark. | the campylobacter excretion patterns of 26 domestic pet dogs were described in a longitudinal study. the dogs entered the study between 3 and 8 months of age and were monitored until 2 years of age. they were tested monthly for campylobacter carriage in stool samples that were cultured on the campylobacter-selective media cat and modified ccda agar at 37 and 42 degrees c. this study comprised 366 fecal swab samples, of which 278 (76.2%) were found to be campylobacter positive, with the following ... | 2004 | 15131162 |
| campylobacter jejuni in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus): prevalence, genotypes, and influence on c. jejuni epidemiology. | campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease in which birds have been suggested to play an important role as a reservoir. we investigated the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) in southern sweden with the aim of examining the nature of c. jejuni infection in this bird species. birds were sampled in four sampling series each year during 1999 (n = 419) and 2000 (n = 365). longitudinally sampled c. jejuni isolates from individual gulls were subject ... | 2002 | 12454158 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes. | consecutive isolates of quinolone-resistant campylobacter isolated over a 5 year period (1990-1995) from the faeces of patients with enteritis in plymouth, uk, were examined for the epidemiology of mutations in gyra (n = 127). in addition, clinical isolates and poultry isolates from germany, the netherlands and other regions of the uk collected before 1995 were examined for mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyra by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis an ... | 2003 | 12493783 |
| factors affecting the pressure resistance of some campylobacter species. | to compare pressure resistance between strains of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari and campylobacter fetus, and to investigate the effect of suspending medium on pressure resistance of sensitive and more resistant strains. | 2005 | 16162138 |
| occurrence of campylobacter spp. and cryptosporidium spp. in seagulls (larus spp.). | an investigation was carried out into the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter subspecies (spp.) and cryptosporidium spp. in fresh fecal specimens collected from members of the gull family (larus spp.) from three coastal locations of northern ireland. a total of 205 fresh fecal specimens were collected from gulls, of which 28 of 205 (13.7%) were positive for campylobacter spp. and none of 205 for cryptosporidium spp. of these campylobacters, 21 of 28 (75%) isolates obtained belonged to the u ... | 2002 | 12653305 |
| containment of biogenic sulfide production in continuous up-flow packed-bed bioreactors with nitrate or nitrite. | produced water from the coleville oil field in saskatchewan, canada was used to inoculate continuous up-flow packed-bed bioreactors. when 7.8 mm sulfate and 25 mm lactate were present in the in-flowing medium, h(2)s production (souring) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) was prevented by addition of 17.5 mm nitrate or 20 mm nitrite. changing the sulfate or lactate concentration of the in-flowing medium indicated that the concentrations of nitrate or nitrite required for containment of souring de ... | 2003 | 12675569 |
| characterization of urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter subspecies by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing. | thirty-one urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter (uptc) isolates, including three reference strains (nctc12892, nctc12895 and nctc12896), and three campylobacter lari isolates, which were isolated from several countries and sources, were compared genotypically by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee). we examined allelic variation around seven enzyme loci, including the adenylate kinase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, fumarase, malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, and l-phenylalany ... | 2003 | 12788730 |
| signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of cecal colonization of 2-week-old chickens by campylobacter jejuni. | we have constructed plasmids to be used for in vitro signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) of campylobacter jejuni and used these to generate stm libraries in three different strains. statistical analysis of the transposon insertion sites in the c. jejuni nctc 11168 chromosome and the plasmids of strain 81-176 indicated that their distribution was not uniform. visual inspection of the distribution suggested that deviation from uniformity was not due to preferential integration of the transposon int ... | 2005 | 16332783 |
| comparison of eight phenotypic methods for subspecies characterization of thermophilic campylobacter spp. isolated from pig liver. | four hundred pork livers from bacon pigs (37 herds) obtained at six pig-processing plants were studied to assess the campylobacter contamination rate. deep tissue areas were sampled immediately after evisceration. approximately 6% of livers were infected with campylobacter spp., including campylobacter coli (67%), campylobacter jejuni (30%), and campylobacter lari (3%). the 60 resulting isolates (39 c. coli isolates, 19 c. jejuni isolates, and 2 c. lari isolates) employed in this study were char ... | 2003 | 12801013 |
| effect of incubation temperature on isolation of campylobacter jejuni genotypes from foodstuffs enriched in preston broth. | preston broth and agar incubated at either 37 or 42 degrees c have been widely used to isolate campylobacters from foodstuffs. the consequences of using either incubation temperature were investigated. retail packs of raw chicken (n = 24) and raw lamb liver (n = 30) were purchased. samples were incubated in preston broth at 37 and 42 degrees c and then streaked onto preston agar and incubated as before. two campylobacter isolates per treatment were characterized. poultry isolates were genotyped ... | 2003 | 12902254 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs raised in an integrated swine production system. | to enumerate the prevalence of campylobacter isolates in the intestinal tract of market-weight swine raised in an integrated swine operation in texas. | 1999 | 14567422 |
| immobilized enzyme-linked dna-hybridization assay with electrochemical detection for cryptosporidium parvum hsp70 mrna. | an electrochemical enzyme-linked immobilized dna-hybridization assay for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum in water has been developed. the target molecule was a 121-nucleotide sequence from the c. parvum heat shock protein 70 (hsp70 mrna from u71181 gene). this analyte offers the possibility of distinguishing dead from live oocysts. the assay involves covalent attachment of a primary dna probe via its 5'-amine-terminus to self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid to a gold surf ... | 2003 | 14572058 |
| avian reservoirs and zoonotic potential of the emerging human pathogen helicobacter canadensis. | a polyphasic identification approach was used to investigate the taxonomic position of campylobacter-like isolates recovered from barnacle geese (branta leucopsis) and canada geese (branta candensis). seven strains were selected from a collection of 21 isolates and analyzed by extensive phenotypic testing; four strains were characterized by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the results clearly identified the bird isolates as helicobacter canadensis, recently described as an emerging human pathoge ... | 2003 | 14660407 |
| helicobacter anseris sp. nov. and helicobacter brantae sp. nov., isolated from feces of resident canada geese in the greater boston area. | numbers of nonmigratory canada geese have increased substantially in the past decade, and they have become a nuisance in some urban areas. because of their close contact with humans in parks and areas adjacent to surface waterways, contact with their feces poses a zoonotic risk. a total of 97 geese from 10 separate geographic locales in the greater boston area had their feces sampled for detection of helicobacter spp. identification of helicobacter spp. based on 16s rrna genus-specific helicobac ... | 2006 | 16820454 |
| use of the omp50 gene for identification of campylobacter species by pcr. | we studied the prevalence of the omp50 gene and the omp50 protein in campylobacter strains. immunodetection assays and dna-dna hybridizations showed that most c. coli strains tested were negative and most c. jejuni and c. lari strains tested were positive. a pcr assay was developed, using the omp50 gene as a species-specific target. we propose a combination of a hippurate test and an omp50 assay to perform identification of campylobacter species. | 2004 | 15131219 |
| urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter species. | | 2004 | 15294767 |
| pilot study for the development of a new campylobacter selective medium at 37 degrees c using aztreonam. | to overcome contamination and temperature inhibition by isolating campylobacter at 37 degrees c. | 2005 | 15790708 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area. | water samples were taken systematically from a 100-km2 area of mainly dairy farmland in northwestern england and examined for campylobacter spp. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pfge-rflp) and flaa strain typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates were done. data on the water source and the adjacent environment were recorded and examined as explanatory variables. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 40.5% (n = 119) of the water sampl ... | 2005 | 15812015 |
| sequencing and analysis of the 16s rdna of thermophilic campylobacter lari and their reliability for molecular discrimination. | | 2005 | 15816212 |
| birds, migration and emerging zoonoses: west nile virus, lyme disease, influenza a and enteropathogens. | wild birds are important to public health because they carry emerging zoonotic pathogens, either as a reservoir host or by dispersing infected arthropod vectors. in addition, bird migration provides a mechanism for the establishment of new endemic foci of disease at great distances from where an infection was acquired. birds are central to the epidemiology of west nile virus (wnv) because they are the main amplifying host of the virus in nature. the initial spread of wnv in the u.s. along the ea ... | 2003 | 15931279 |
| quantitative detection of clostridium perfringens in the broiler fowl gastrointestinal tract by real-time pcr. | strains of clostridium perfringens are a frequent cause of food-borne disease and gas gangrene and are also associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens. to detect and quantify the levels of c. perfringens in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, a quantitative real-time pcr assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type probe was developed and utilized to assay material retrieved from the broiler chicken cecum and ileum. primers and probe were selected following an alignment of 16s rdna sequenc ... | 2005 | 16000804 |
| evidence for conformational changes within dsbd: possible role for membrane-embedded proline residues. | the mechanism by which dsbd transports electrons across the cytoplasmic membrane is unknown. here we provide evidence that dsbd's conformation depends on its oxidation state. our data also suggest that four highly conserved prolines surrounding dsbd's membrane-embedded catalytic cysteines may have an important functional role, possibly conferring conformational flexibility to dsbd. | 2006 | 17015672 |
| advantages of peptide nucleic acid oligonucleotides for sensitive site directed 16s rrna fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari. | traditionally fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been performed with labeled dna oligonucleotide probes. here we present for the first time a high affinity peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligonucleotide sequence for detecting thermotolerant campylobacter spp. using fish. thermotolerant campylobacter spp, including the species campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lari, are important food and water borne pathogens. the designed pna probe (cje195) bound with higher affi ... | 2005 | 16009278 |
| development of real-time pcr and hybridization methods for detection and identification of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in pig faecal samples. | to develop a real-time (rt) pcr for species differentiation of thermophilic campylobacter and to develop a method for assessing co-colonization of pigs by campylobacter spp. | 2005 | 16033460 |
| identification of candidate periodontal pathogens and beneficial species by quantitative 16s clonal analysis. | most studies of the bacterial etiology of periodontitis have used either culture-based or targeted dna approaches, and so it is likely that pathogens remain undiscovered. the purpose of this study was to use culture-independent, quantitative analysis of biofilms associated with chronic periodontitis and periodontal health to identify pathogens and beneficial species. samples from subjects with periodontitis and controls were analyzed using ribosomal 16s cloning and sequencing. several genera, ma ... | 2005 | 16081935 |
| a newly constructed primer pair for the pcr amplification, cloning and sequencing of the flagellin (flaa) gene from isolatesof urease-negative campylobacter lari. | a newly constructed primer pair (lari-af/lari-ar) designed to generate a product of the flagellin (flaa) gene for urease-negative campylobacter lari produced a pcr amplicon of about 1700 bp for 16 isolates from 7 seagulls, 5 humans, 3 food animals and one mussel in japan and northern ireland. nucleotide sequencing and alignments of the flaa amplicons from these isolates demonstrated that the deduced amino acid sequences of the possible open reading frame were 564-572 amino acid residues in lengt ... | 2005 | 16096687 |
| first isolation and molecular characterisation of a cryptic plasmid from urease-negative campylobacter lari. | | 2005 | 16196461 |
| quantification of campylobacter spp. in chicken rinse samples by using flotation prior to real-time pcr. | real-time pcr is fast, sensitive, specific, and can deliver quantitative data; however, two disadvantages are that this technology is sensitive to inhibition by food and that it does not distinguish between dna originating from viable, viable nonculturable (vnc), and dead cells. for this reason, real-time pcr has been combined with a novel discontinuous buoyant density gradient method, called flotation, in order to allow detection of only viable and vnc cells of thermotolerant campylobacters in ... | 2005 | 16204485 |
| speciation of campylobacter coli, c. jejuni, c. helveticus, c. lari, c. sputorum, and c. upsaliensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | multiple strains of campylobacter coli, c. jejuni, c. helveticus, c. lari, c. sputorum, and c. upsaliensis isolated from animal, clinical, or food samples have been analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). whole bacterial cells were harvested from colonies or confluent growth on agar and transferred directly into solvent and then to a spot of dried 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (matrix). multiple ions in the 5,000- to 15,000-da m ... | 2005 | 16204551 |
| campylobacter reactive arthritis: a systematic review. | to review the literature on the epidemiology of campylobacter-associated reactive arthritis (rea). | 2007 | 17360026 |
| characterization of a novel bifunctional dihydropteroate synthase/dihydropteroate reductase enzyme from helicobacter pylori. | tetrahydrofolate is a ubiquitous c(1) carrier in many biosynthetic pathways in bacteria, importantly, in the biosynthesis of formylmethionyl trna(fmet), which is essential for the initiation of translation. the final step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate is carried out by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). a search of the complete genome sequence of helicobacter pylori failed to reveal any sequence that encodes dhfr. previous studies demonstrated that the h. pylori dihydropteroate ... | 2007 | 17416665 |
| stable concentrated emulsions of the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) with microbicidal activities against the food-borne bacteria campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp., and escherichia coli. | of 11 fatty acids and monoglycerides tested against campylobacter jejuni, the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) was the most active in killing the bacterium. various monocaprin-in-water emulsions were prepared which were stable after storage at room temperature for many months and which retained their microbicidal activity. a procedure was developed to manufacture up to 500 ml of 200 mm preconcentrated emulsions of monocaprin in tap water. the concentrates were clear and remained stabl ... | 2006 | 16391087 |
| frequency and spatial distribution of environmental campylobacter spp. | humans are exposed to campylobacter spp. in a range of sources via both food and environmental pathways. for this study, we explored the frequency and distribution of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in a 10- by 10-km square rural area of cheshire, united kingdom. the area contains approximately 70, mainly dairy, farms and is used extensively for outdoor recreational activities. campylobacter spp. were isolated from a range of environmental samples by use of a systematic sampling grid. livestock ... | 2004 | 15528512 |
| sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method able to detect yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains in 30 min by using six primers designed by targeting the inv gene. this method is more sensitive than pcr and might be a useful tool for detecting and identifying y. pseudotuberculosis. | 2004 | 15528740 |
| fatal relapse of a purulent pleurisy caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. | campylobacter fetus is associated with invasive disease, while other campylobacter species, such as c. coli and c. jejuni, are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea. bacteremia has been well described, but pleurisy remains very uncommon. we report the recurrent isolation of a c. fetus subsp. fetus strain during two episodes of pleural effusion with a fatal outcome. | 2007 | 17507518 |
| campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., isolated from marine mammals. | phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on four campylobacter-like organisms recovered from three seals and a porpoise. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the organisms represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus campylobacter, associated with a subcluster containing campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari. dna-dna hybridization studies confirmed that the bacteria belonged to a single species, for which the name campylobact ... | 2004 | 15545485 |
| diagnostic real-time pcr for detection of salmonella in food. | a robust 5' nuclease (taqman) real-time pcr was developed and validated in-house for the specific detection of salmonella in food. the assay used specifically designed primers and a probe target within the ttrrsbca locus, which is located near the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. it is required for tetrathionate respiration in salmonella. the assay correctly identified all 110 salmonella strains and 87 non-salmonella strains tested. an internal amplification control, which is ... | 2004 | 15574899 |
| major structural differences and novel potential virulence mechanisms from the genomes of multiple campylobacter species. | sequencing and comparative genome analysis of four strains of campylobacter including c. lari rm2100, c. upsaliensis rm3195, and c. coli rm2228 has revealed major structural differences that are associated with the insertion of phage- and plasmid-like genomic islands, as well as major variations in the lipooligosaccharide complex. poly g tracts are longer, are greater in number, and show greater variability in c. upsaliensis than in the other species. many genes involved in host colonization, in ... | 2005 | 15660156 |
| lack of evidence for vertical transmission of campylobacter spp. in chickens. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the industrial world. there is evidence that c. jejuni is present in eggs and hatchery fluff, opening the possibility for vertical transmission from hens to progeny. poultry operations in iceland provide an excellent opportunity to study this possibility, since breeding flocks are established solely from eggs imported from grandparent flocks in sweden. this leaves limited opportunity for grandparents and their progeny to ... | 2006 | 16957196 |
| development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr to detect arcobacter species. | a real-time pcr targeting the gyrase a subunit gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region has been developed to detect arcobacter species. the species identification was done by probe hybridization and melting curve analysis, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. discrimination between arcobacter species was straightforward, as the corresponding melting points showed significant differences with the characteristic melting temperatures of 63.5 degrees c, 58.4 degr ... | 2007 | 17652482 |
| amplified fragment-length polymorphism and protein profiling for identification of campylobacter lari subgroups. | amplified fragment-length polymorphism analysis (aflp) has been shown to be a suitable method for subtyping of bacteria belonging to the genus campylobacter. campylobacter lari is a phenotypically and genotypically diverse species that comprises the classical nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters and the biochemical c. lari variants, urease-positive, nalidixic acid-susceptible, and urease producing nalidixic acid-susceptible strains. aflp profiling and whole-cell protein profile a ... | 2006 | 16957352 |
| detection of thermotolerant campylobacter in ostriches (struthio camelus) in italy. | during the period january 2004 to december 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant campylobacter. a total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. among the isolates, 48 were identified as campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as campylobacter coli. campylobacter lari was not isolated. the ostriches, although apparently in a he ... | 2007 | 16959506 |
| fingerprinting of campylobacter jejuni by using resolution-optimized binary gene targets derived from comparative genome hybridization studies. | the aim of this investigation was to exploit the vast comparative data generated by comparative genome hybridization (cgh) studies of campylobacter jejuni in developing a genotyping method. we examined genes in c. jejuni that exhibit binary status (present or absent between strains) within known plasticity regions, in order to identify a minimal subset of gene targets that provide high-resolution genetic fingerprints. using cgh data from three studies as input, binary gene sets were identified w ... | 2006 | 16997982 |
| development of a multiplex pcr assay for identification of campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari and campylobacter upsaliensis. | a multiplex pcr assay has been developed for the identification of the six common campylobacter taxa associated with human gastroenteritis and/or septicaemia, namely campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari and campylobacter upsaliensis. the assay was developed using a combination of newly designed and published primers. it provided a specific pcr product for each of the five campylobacter species and ... | 2007 | 17965346 |
| conjugative transfer of chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance from helicobacter pylori to campylobacter jejuni. | many strains of helicobacter pylori are naturally competent for transformation and able to transfer chromosomal dna among different isolates using a conjugation-like mechanism. in this study, we sought to determine whether h. pylori can transfer dna into campylobacter jejuni, a closely related species of the campylobacterales group. to monitor the transfer, a chromosomally encoded streptomycin resistance cassette prearranged by a specific mutation in the rpsl gene of h. pylori was used. mating o ... | 2007 | 17135441 |
| conjugative transfer of chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance from helicobacter pylori to campylobacter jejuni. | many strains of helicobacter pylori are naturally competent for transformation and able to transfer chromosomal dna among different isolates using a conjugation-like mechanism. in this study, we sought to determine whether h. pylori can transfer dna into campylobacter jejuni, a closely related species of the campylobacterales group. to monitor the transfer, a chromosomally encoded streptomycin resistance cassette prearranged by a specific mutation in the rpsl gene of h. pylori was used. mating o ... | 2007 | 17135441 |
| recurrent campylobacter lari bacteremia in x-linked agammaglobulinemia: a case report and review. | x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla) is a primary immune deficiency disease with a b-cell defect. we present the first xla patient who had recurrent campylobacter lari bacteremia. high dose intravenous immunoglobulin combined with azithromycin once per week, and a complete avoidance of bacterial reservoirs may be helpful for the prevention of c. lari bacteremia. | 2006 | 17136884 |
| the complete genome sequence and analysis of the epsilonproteobacterium arcobacter butzleri. | arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori. here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, a. butzleri strain rm4018. | 2007 | 18159241 |
| retrospective study of campylobacter infection in a zoological collection. | little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter spp. in wild animal populations. however, zoological collections can provide valuable insights. using records from the zoological society of london whipsnade zoo compiled between 1990 and 2003, the roles of a range of biotic and abiotic factors associated with the occurrence of campylobacteriosis were investigated. the occurrence of campylobacteriosis varied widely across host taxonomic orders. furthermore, in mammals, a combination of chan ... | 2008 | 18165368 |
| retrospective study of campylobacter infection in a zoological collection. | little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter spp. in wild animal populations. however, zoological collections can provide valuable insights. using records from the zoological society of london whipsnade zoo compiled between 1990 and 2003, the roles of a range of biotic and abiotic factors associated with the occurrence of campylobacteriosis were investigated. the occurrence of campylobacteriosis varied widely across host taxonomic orders. furthermore, in mammals, a combination of chan ... | 2008 | 18165368 |
| genetic heterogeneity of the cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) gene locus among isolates of campylobacter lari. | | 2006 | 17201209 |
| development and evaluation of immunochromatographic assay for simple and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in human stool specimens. | an immunochromatographic assay (campy-ica) using a newly generated single monoclonal antibody against a 15-kda cell surface protein of campylobacter jejuni was developed. when cell suspensions of 86 c. jejuni strains and 27 campylobacter coli strains were treated with a commercially available bacterial protein extraction reagent and the resulting extracts were tested with the campy-ica, they all yielded positive results. the minimum detectable limits for the c. jejuni strains ranged from 1.8 x 1 ... | 2008 | 18256225 |
| similarity of campylobacter lari among human, animal, and water isolates in norway. | a total of 49 isolates of campylobacter lari from human, poultry, ducks, pigs, and water were genetically characterized. the species were identified by biotyping and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). automatic riboprints were performed with the psti restriction enzyme and riboprinter. the identification of the isolates was predicted when the corresponding pattern matched one of the patterns of the dupont identification (dup-id) library and was then assigned an identification number. thi ... | 2008 | 18260813 |
| campylobacter contamination during poultry slaughter in belgium. | the relation between internal carriage and surface contamination with thermophilic campylobacter species in broilers was examined by molecular typing methods. samples from 39 flocks were collected in three belgian poultry slaughterhouses. from each flock, crop swabs before slaughter and intestines and neck skins during slaughter were collected. a total of 309 isolates were identified at species level and further characterized by flagellin gene a pcr/restriction fragment length polymorphism and p ... | 2006 | 16416897 |
| australian multicentre comparison of subtyping methods for the investigation of campylobacter infection. | in order to identify subtyping methods able to contribute to the surveillance or investigation of australian campylobacter infection, six genotypic and three phenotypic subtyping methods were evaluated on a collection of 84 clinical isolates collected over a 30-month period from one region in australia. the aim was to compare the logistics of various subtyping methods and examine their ability to assist in finding outbreaks or common sources of sporadic infection. the genotypic subtyping methods ... | 2006 | 16436218 |
| evaluation of 16s rrna gene-based pcr assays for genus-level identification of helicobacter species. | the inclusivity, exclusivity, and detection limit of six 16s rrna gene-based helicobacter genus-specific pcr assays were examined. five out of six assays were 100% inclusive, but the tests varied considerably in their exclusivity (9.1 to 95.5%). the clinical detection limit varied between 10(3) and 1 viable bacterial cell per reaction mixture. | 2008 | 18337392 |
| atypical helicobacter canadensis strains associated with swine. | forty-two helicobacter isolates were isolated from swine feces in the netherlands and denmark. all 12 isolates sequenced (16s rrna gene) formed a robust clade with helicobacter canadensis ( approximately 99% similarity). species-specific pcr indicated that all of the isolates were h. canadensis isolates. although the appearance of the porcine isolates was similar to the appearance of h. canadensis, only one of these isolates was able to hydrolyze indoxyl acetate, a cardinal characteristic of thi ... | 2006 | 16751570 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | vibrio cholerae is widely acknowledged as one of the most important waterborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders. cholera toxin (ct) is a major virulence determinant of v. cholerae. detection of ct-producing v. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, requiring more than three days. thus, we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the sensitive and rapid detec ... | 2008 | 18547441 |
| cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan. | cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ... | 2006 | 16820442 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are known as major virulence determinants of v. parahaemolyticus. most v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the environment do not produce tdh or trh. total v. parahaemolyticus has been used as an indicator for control of seafood contamination toward prevention of infection. detection of total v. parahaemolyticus using conventio ... | 2008 | 18823567 |
| comparison of campylobacter jejuni pfge and penner subtypes in human infections and in water samples from the taieri river catchment of new zealand. | to determine the degree of overlap in strain types of campylobacter jejuni isolated from clinical cases and water samples from the taieri catchment in the south island of new zealand. | 2006 | 16834587 |
| rapid evolution and the importance of recombination to the gastroenteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | responsible for the majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, campylobacter jejuni is a pervasive pathogen of humans and animals, but its evolution is obscure. in this paper, we exploit contemporary genetic diversity and empirical evidence to piece together the evolutionary history of c. jejuni and quantify its evolutionary potential. our combined population genetics-phylogenetics approach reveals a surprising picture. campylobacter jejuni is a rapidly evolving species, subje ... | 2009 | 19008526 |
| rapid evolution and the importance of recombination to the gastroenteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. | responsible for the majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, campylobacter jejuni is a pervasive pathogen of humans and animals, but its evolution is obscure. in this paper, we exploit contemporary genetic diversity and empirical evidence to piece together the evolutionary history of c. jejuni and quantify its evolutionary potential. our combined population genetics-phylogenetics approach reveals a surprising picture. campylobacter jejuni is a rapidly evolving species, subje ... | 2009 | 19008526 |
| unique features of a highly pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strain. | campylobacter jejuni, a major human enteric pathogen, exhibits significant strain-to-strain differences which result in differences in pathogenic potential. c. jejuni 81-176 is a highly virulent strain that exhibits unique pathogenic features and is used by many research laboratories. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of its genome and compared it to the genomes of other sequenced c. jejuni strains. we identified a number of unique genetic features which may confer specific metabolic an ... | 2006 | 16861657 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of fus-1 (oxa-85), a narrow-spectrum class d beta-lactamase from fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. | previous studies have reported beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in fusobacterium nucleatum, but no beta-lactamase gene has yet been identified in this species. an f. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum strain resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin was isolated from a human periodontitis sample. dna cloning and sequencing revealed a 765-bp open reading frame encoding a new class d beta-lactamase named fus-1 (oxa-85). a recombinant escherichia coli strain carrying the bla(fus-1) gene exhibi ... | 2006 | 16870757 |
| (e)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin: antibacterial components of daucus carota l. essential oil against campylobacter jejuni. | the essential oil of wild daucus carota l. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (dceo) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to gc, gc-ms, and (13)c nmr analysis. a minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of dceo and the majo ... | 2007 | 17685629 |
| species diversity of campylobacteria in a wild bird community in sweden. | to analyse the occurrence and host species distribution of campylobacteria species in shorebirds, geese and cattle on grazed coastal meadows in sweden. | 2007 | 17241348 |
| campylobacter insulaenigrae isolates from northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) in california. | there are only two reports in the literature demonstrating the presence of campylobacter spp. in marine mammals. one report describes the isolation of a new species, campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., from three harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and a harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena) in scotland, and the other describes the isolation of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and an unknown campylobacter species from northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) in california. in this st ... | 2007 | 17259365 |
| [determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from human feces]. | one of the most important bacterial zoonosis is campylobacteriosis. human disease is mostly caused by thermophilic campylobacter spp: campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), campylobacter coli (c. coli), campylobacter lari (c. lari) and campylobacter upsakensis (campsalensis). campylobacteriosis is a mild and self-healing disorder. in patients with more severe and prolonged forms, an antibiotic treatment is recommended. recommended drugsare erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol and ... | 2009 | 19195264 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from wild bird populations in northern england. | campylobacter infections have been reported at prevalences ranging from 2 to 50% in a range of wild bird species, although there have been few studies that have investigated the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter spp. consequently, whether wild birds are a source of infection in humans or domestic livestock or are mainly recipients of domestic animal strains and whether separate cycles of infection occur remain unknown. to address these questions, serial cross-sectional surveys of wild bird ... | 2009 | 19286781 |
| campylobacter jejuni glycosylation island important in cell charge, legionaminic acid biosynthesis, and colonization of chickens. | previously, we identified five genes (cj1321 to cj1326, of which cj1325 and cj1326 are a single gene) in the o-linked flagellin glycosylation island that are highly prevalent in campylobacter jejuni isolates from chickens. we report mutagenesis, functional, and structural data to confirm that this locus, and cj1324 in particular, has a significant contributory role in the colonization of chickens by c. jejuni. a motile deltacj1324 mutant with intact flagella was considerably less hydrophobic and ... | 2009 | 19307210 |
| identification of genomic differences between campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and c. jejuni subsp. doylei at the nap locus leads to the development of a c. jejuni subspeciation multiplex pcr method. | the human bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni contains two subspecies: c. jejuni subsp. jejuni (cjj) and c. jejuni subsp. doylei (cjd). although cjd strains are isolated infrequently in many parts of the world, they are obtained primarily from human clinical samples and result in an unusual clinical symptomatology in that, in addition to gastroenteritis, they are associated often with bacteremia. in this study, we describe a novel multiplex pcr method, based on the nitrate reductase (nap) lo ... | 2007 | 17328805 |
| detection and genotyping of arcobacter and campylobacter isolates from retail chicken samples by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays. | to explore the use of dna microarrays for pathogen detection in food, we produced dna oligonucleotide arrays to simultaneously determine the presence of arcobacter and the presence of campylobacter in retail chicken samples. probes were selected that target housekeeping and virulence-associated genes in both arcobacter butzleri and thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. these microarrays showed a high level of probe specificity; the signal intensities detected for a. butzler ... | 2007 | 17416693 |
| comparative studies of campylobacter jejuni genomic diversity reveal the importance of core and dispensable genes in the biology of this enigmatic food-borne pathogen. | mlst, dna microarrays, and genome sequencing has allowed for a greater understanding of the metabolic capacity and epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni. while strain-specific genes may provide an isolate a selective advantage in environments and contribute to the organism's pathogenicity, recent work indicates that c. jejuni pathogenicity is dictated by variations in the nucleotide sequence of core genes. challenges facing c. jejuni researchers include determining (a) the degree to which genomic ... | 2009 | 19346123 |
| genome sequence of a clinical isolate of campylobacter jejuni from thailand. | campylobacter jejuni cg8486, which belongs to the hs4 complex, was isolated from a patient with inflammatory diarrhea in thailand. this strain caused a diarrheal disease in ferrets comparable to that caused by c. jejuni strain 81-176, but it was much less invasive for epithelial cells in vitro than 81-176. complete genome sequencing of cg8486 revealed a 1.65-mb genome that was very similar to the other two published genomes of clinical isolates of c. jejuni, the genomes of 81-176 and nctc 11168, ... | 2007 | 17438034 |
| novel campylobacter lari-like bacteria from humans and molluscs: description of campylobacter peloridis sp. nov., campylobacter lari subsp. concheus subsp. nov. and campylobacter lari subsp. lari subsp. nov. | a polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of campylobacter lari-like strains isolated from shellfish and humans. the diversity within the strain collection was initially screened by means of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and whole-cell protein electrophoresis, revealing the existence of two clusters distinct from c. lari and other campylobacter species. the divergence of these clusters was confirmed by phenotypic analysis and by 16s rrna an ... | 2009 | 19406805 |
| host-associated genetic import in campylobacter jejuni. | host association of campylobacter jejuni was analyzed by using multilocus sequence typing data for 713 isolates from chickens and bovids (cattle and sheep). commonly used summary measures of genotypes (sequence type and clonal complex) showed poor accuracy, but a method using the full allelic profile showed 80% accuracy in distinguishing isolates from these 2 host groups. we explored the biologic basis of more accurate results with allelic profiles. strains isolated from specific hosts have impo ... | 2007 | 17479890 |
| heterogeneity of a campylobacter jejuni protein that is secreted through the flagellar filament. | cj0859c, or fspa, is a small, acidic protein of campylobacter jejuni that is expressed by a sigma(28) promoter. analysis of the fspa gene in 41 isolates of c. jejuni revealed two overall variants of the predicted protein, fspa1 and fspa2. secretion of fspa occurs in broth-grown bacteria and requires a minimum flagellar structure. the addition of recombinant fspa2, but not fspa1, to int407 cells in vitro resulted in a rapid induction of apoptosis. these data define a novel c. jejuni virulence fac ... | 2007 | 17517862 |
| prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter in partridges (perdix perdix). | to estimate the prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in commercially reared partridges (perdix perdix) in southern italy. | 2009 | 19552770 |