| impact of strain heterogeneity on lyme disease serology in europe: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using different species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | for the standardization of serological tests for lyme borreliosis (lb) in europe, the influence of the heterogeneity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato must be assessed in detail. for this study four immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside extracts of strains pko (borrelia afzelii), pbi (borrelia garinii), and pka2 and b31 (both b. burgdorferi sensu stricto) were compared. strains pko, pbi, and pka2 at the passages used for ant ... | 1998 | 9466753 |
| genetic characterization of an oral treponeme isolated from human subgingival plaque. | we examined the genetic characteristics of a human oral treponeme isolated from subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontal disease that could not be assigned to any of the previously described oral treponema species. the guanine-plus-cytosine content of its dna was 51 mole%. the levels of dna-dna relatedness of the organism to other treponema species, including treponema denticola, treponema vincentii, treponema socranskii, treponema pallidum and treponema phagedenis, were less than 30%. t ... | 1997 | 9467407 |
| variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia. | the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ... | 1998 | 9495748 |
| characterization of leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein lipl36: downregulation associated with late-log-phase growth and mammalian infection. | we report the cloning of the gene encoding a 36-kda leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein, designated lipl36. we obtained the n-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal v8 proteolytic-digest fragment in order to design an oligonucleotide probe. a lambda-zap ii library containing ecori fragments of leptospira kirschneri dna was screened, and a 2.3-kb dna fragment which contained the entire structural lipl36 gene was identified. several lines of evidence indicate that lipl36 is lipid modi ... | 1998 | 9529084 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant ospc and the internal 14-kda flagellin fragment for serodiagnosis of early lyme disease. | the outer surface protein c (ospc) and the internal 14-kda flagellin fragment of strain geho of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto were expressed as recombinant proteins in escherichia coli and were purified for use in an immunoglobulin m (igm) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ospc-14-kda antigen elisa). no hint at disturbing protein-protein interferences, which might influence the availability of immunoreactive epitopes, was found when the recombinant antigens were combined in the elisa. the ... | 1998 | 9542898 |
| function of protonatable residues in the flagellar motor of escherichia coli: a critical role for asp 32 of motb. | rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor is powered by a transmembrane gradient of protons or, in some species, sodium ions. the molecular mechanism of coupling between ion flow and motor rotation is not understood. the proteins most closely involved in motor rotation are mota, motb, and flig. mota and motb are transmembrane proteins that function in transmembrane proton conduction and that are believed to form the stator. flig is a soluble protein located on the cytoplasmic face of the rotor. ... | 1998 | 9573160 |
| structure and expression of the flaa periplasmic flagellar protein of borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochete which causes lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, has many features common to other spirochete species. outermost is a membrane sheath, and within this sheath are the cell cylinder and periplasmic flagella (pfs). the pfs are subterminally attached to the cell cylinder and overlap in the center of the cell. most descriptions of the b. burgdorferi flagellar filaments indicate that these organelles consist of only one flagellin protein (flab). in contrast, the pfs from other spirochet ... | 1998 | 9573194 |
| the central, surface-exposed region of the flagellar hook protein flge of campylobacter jejuni shows hypervariability among strains. | in a previous study, we observed that monoclonal antibodies raised against the hook protein flge of campylobacter jejuni lio 36, isolate 5226, bound exclusively to this strain. the aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis for these binding specificities. the hook protein-encoding gene flge of c. jejuni was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the flge genes of four additional c. jejuni strains were amplified by pcr and also sequenced. comparison of the deduced amino acid seque ... | 1998 | 9658019 |
| diagnostic value of proteins of three borrelia species (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) and implications for development and use of recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis in europe. | more and more assays for the serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis (lb) are based on recombinant antigens. however, so far, there is no consensus as to which are the most specific and sensitive proteins and how they should be used in combination to obtain tests with the best discrimination abilities. the present study was preceded by a detailed analysis of western blots (wb) using whole-cell lysates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain pka2, b. afzelii pko, and b. garinii pbi (u. hauser, g. ... | 1998 | 9665948 |
| flagellins, but not endoflagellar sheath proteins, of treponema pallidum and of pathogen-related oral spirochetes are glycosylated. | glycosylation of the flagellar core proteins (flabs) was detected in treponema pallidum nichols and in the type or reference strains of seven oral treponema species. in several nonmotile strains of oral treponemes, the flabs were undetectable by both antibody and glycan staining. in contrast, a spontaneous low-motility variant of t. vincenti poundi-related strain ritza, omz 305a, lacked the flagellar sheath protein (flaa) and the two glycan-staining flab bands of the wild type, but antibody labe ... | 1998 | 9826350 |
| advantage of recombinant borrelial proteins for serodiagnosis of neuroborreliosis. | two enzyme immunoassay (eia) systems were compared for their ability to detect borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato specific igg and igm antibodies and to differentiate between symptomatic (83 patients with neuroborreliosis) and asymptomatic seropositive subjects (80 healthy controls). antibody concentrations were determined by eia; the antigens used were either a sonicate of b. burgdorferi or three recombinant borrelial proteins: the 14-kda flagellin fragment, the outer surface protein c (22 kda) an ... | 1999 | 9920119 |
| the borrelia burgdorferi 37-kilodalton immunoblot band (p37) used in serodiagnosis of early lyme disease is the flaa gene product. | the 37-kda protein (p37) of borrelia burgdorferi is an antigen that elicits an early immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody response in lyme disease patients. the p37 gene was cloned from a b. burgdorferi genomic library by screening with antibody from a lyme disease patient who had developed a prominent humoral response to the p37 antigen. dna sequence analysis of this clone revealed the identity of p37 to be flaa, an outer sheath protein of the periplasmic flagella. recombinant p37 expression was acc ... | 1999 | 9986810 |
| identification of seven treponema species in health- and disease-associated dental plaque by nested pcr. | species-specific nested pcr was used to detect treponema amylovorum, treponema denticola, treponema maltophilum, treponema medium, treponema pectinovorum, treponema socranskii, and treponema vincentii in dental plaque. subjects with periodontitis harbored all species, but t. pectinovorum and t. vincentii were not found in plaque from disease-free subjects. | 1999 | 9986879 |
| restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16s ribosomal rna genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of cultivable oral treponemes. | although oral treponemes are among the most frequently found bacteria in periodontal pockets, identification of these organisms can be difficult. in this study, restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified 16s ribosomal rna genes (16s rrna gene pcr-rflp) was used to generate restriction profiles of reference strains of oral treponemes including treponema denticola, treponema socranskii, treponema vincentii. treponema pectinovorum and trepo ... | 1999 | 10219171 |
| insertional inactivation of treponema denticola tap1 results in a nonmotile mutant with elongated flagellar hooks. | the treponemal fla operon is comprised of numerous motility-related genes; however, the initial gene of this operon, tap1, has no known function. a recently developed system to generate specific mutants in treponema denticola was utilized to determine if tap1 was essential for motility. t. denticola tap1 and flanking dna were identified, cloned, and sequenced, and a suicide plasmid that contained tap1 interrupted with an erythromycin resistance cassette (ermf and ermam) was constructed. because ... | 1999 | 10368149 |
| use of recombinant flagellin protein as a tracer antigen in a fluorescence polarization assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of a recombinant flagellar protein, flab, of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by the fluorescence polarization assay (fpa). the recombinant protein flab was purified to homogeneity by a combination of nickel-nitriloacetic acid agarose chromatography, electrophoresis, and electroelution. purified flab was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc). western blotting was performed by ... | 1999 | 10391870 |
| genetic and structural analyses of cytoplasmic filaments of wild-type treponema phagedenis and a flagellar filament-deficient mutant. | unique cytoplasmic filaments are found in the treponeme genus of spirochete bacteria. their function is unknown, but their location underneath the periplasmic flagellar filaments (pff) suggests a role in motility and/or cell structure. to better understand these unique structures, the gene coding for the cytoplasmic filaments, cfpa, was identified in various treponemal species. treponema phagedenis cfpa was 2,037 nucleotides long, and the encoded polypeptide showed 78 to 100% amino acid sequence ... | 1999 | 10542176 |
| comparative evaluation of nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of antibodies against treponema pallidum in patients with primary syphilis. | nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with a sonicate or recombinant proteins of treponema pallidum as antigen have been evaluated comparatively by testing 52 highly selected sera from patients with primary syphilis, all negative in the microhemagglutination test for t. pallidum (mha-tp). eight tests exhibited greater sensitivity (48.5 to 76.9%) than the commonly used venereal disease research laboratory test (44.2%). higher sensitivity could be related to (i) the volume and ... | 2000 | 10699042 |
| treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue displays pathogenic properties different from those of t. pallidum subsp. pallidum. | the present study described the susceptibility of c4d guinea pigs to cutaneous infection with treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue haiti b strain. the general manifestations of the disease in adults and neonates differ, to a certain degree, from those induced by t. pallidum subsp. pallidum nichols strain. noticeable differences between the infections were reflected in the character of the skin lesions, their onset and persistence, and the kinetics of the humoral response. the incidence and dissemi ... | 2000 | 10816466 |
| recombinant chimeric borrelia proteins for diagnosis of lyme disease. | current serologic lyme disease tests use whole borrelia cells as the source of antigen. these assays are difficult to standardize and to optimize for sensitivity and specificity. to help solve these problems, we constructed a library of recombinant chimeric proteins composed of portions of key antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. these proteins were then used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we compared our assay with the most sensitive of three whole-cell borrelia assays. we found ... | 2000 | 10878038 |
| adherence to and penetration through endothelial cells by oral treponemes. | oral spirochetes were co-incubated with monolayers of endothelial cells seeded into multiwell plates or onto filters mounted in plastic chambers. attachment was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and scanning electron microscopy. invasiveness was determined by monitoring media beneath filters within chambers for spirochetes using darkfield microscopy. transmission electron microscopy was used to estimate intercellular and intracellular passage of spirochetes through monolayers. ... | 1999 | 10895695 |
| cloning and dna sequence analysis of an immunogenic glucose-galactose mglb lipoprotein homologue from brachyspira pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis. | colonic spirochetosis (cs) is a newly emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli. the purpose of this study was to characterize an antigen that was recognized by antibodies present in sera of challenge-exposed pigs. the gene encoding the antigen was identified by screening a plasmid library of human b. pilosicoli strain sp16 (atcc 49776) genomic dna with hyperimmune and convalescent swine sera. the predicted a ... | 2000 | 10899855 |
| borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions. | bacterial shape usually is dictated by the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. in this paper, we show that the morphology of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the result of a complex interaction between the cell cylinder and the internal periplasmic flagella. b. burgdorferi has a bundle of 7-11 helically shaped periplasmic flagella attached at each end of the cell cylinder and has a flat-wave cell morphology. backward moving, propagating waves enable these bacteria to swim in ... | 2000 | 10995478 |
| the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity. | spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ... | 2000 | 11073915 |
| cytoplasmic filament-deficient mutant of treponema denticola has pleiotropic defects. | in treponema denticola, a ribbon-like structure of cytoplasmic filaments spans the cytoplasm at all stages of the cell division process. insertional inactivation was used as a first step to determine the function of the cytoplasmic filaments. a suicide plasmid was constructed that contained part of cfpa and a nonpolar erythromycin resistance cassette (ermf and ermam) inserted near the beginning of the gene. the plasmid was electroporated into t. denticola, and double-crossover recombinants which ... | 2001 | 11208807 |
| new tests for syphilis: rational design of a pcr method for detection of treponema pallidum in clinical specimens using unique regions of the dna polymerase i gene. | a sensitive and specific pcr method to detect treponema pallidum in clinical specimens was developed. pcr primers were designed based on two unique features of the dna polymerase i gene (pola). the first distinctive characteristic is that the region codes for a high cysteine content and has low homology with similar regions of dna polymerase i gene from known microorganisms. the second unique feature is the presence of four insertions in the gene. pcr tests using primers designed on the basis th ... | 2001 | 11326018 |
| western immunoblotting with five treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for serologic diagnosis of syphilis. | five immunodominant treponema pallidum recombinant polypeptides (rtpn47, rtmpa, rtpn37, rtpn17, and rtpn15) were blotted onto strips, and 450 sera (200 from blood donors, 200 from syphilis patients, and 50 potentially cross-reactive) were tested to evaluate the diagnostic performance of recombinant western blotting (recwb) in comparison with in-house whole-cell lysate antigen-based immunoblotting (wclwb) and t. pallidum hemagglutination (mha-tp) for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. none of ... | 2001 | 11329453 |
| motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by treponema denticola. | the ability to penetrate tissue is an important virulence factor for pathogenic spirochetes. previous studies have recognized the role of motility in allowing pathogenic spirochetes to invade tissues and migrate to sites favorable for bacterial proliferation. however, the nature of the movements, whether they are random or controlled by chemotaxis systems, has yet to be established. in this study, we addressed the role of motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration by the periodontal disease-a ... | 2001 | 11553571 |
| evaluation of inno-lia syphilis assay as a confirmatory test for syphilis. | we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a new confirmatory test for treponemal antibodies, inno-lia syphilis (innogenetics nv, ghent, belgium), on a large number of sera from a clinical laboratory. this multiparameter line immunoassay (lia) uses recombinant and synthetic polypeptide antigens derived from treponema pallidum proteins. in a single-blinded cross-sectional retrospective study, 289 seronegative sera, 219 seropositive sera, and 23 sera with an indeterminate serological status f ... | 2002 | 11880425 |
| asymmetrical flagellar rotation in borrelia burgdorferi nonchemotactic mutants. | the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi has bundles of periplasmic flagella subpolarly located at each cell end. these bundles rotate in opposite directions during translational motility. when not translating, they rotate in the same direction, and the cells flex. here, we present evidence that asymmetrical rotation of the bundles during translation does not depend upon the chemotaxis signal transduction system. the histidine kinase chea is known to be an essential component in the sign ... | 2002 | 11983908 |
| detection and quantification of oral treponemes in subgingival plaque by real-time pcr. | oral treponemes have been associated with periodontal diseases. we developed a highly sensitive and specific method to detect and quantify cultivable oral treponemes (treponema denticola, treponema vincentii, and treponema medium) in 50 subgingival plaque samples from 13 healthy subjects as well as 37 patients with periodontal diseases using real-time pcr assays with specific primers and a taqman probe for each 16s rrna sequence. the specificity for each assay was examined by using dna specimens ... | 2002 | 12202575 |
| characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle. | four spirochete strains were isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) lesions in iowa dairy cattle and compared with two previously described spirochete strains isolated from dairy cattle in california. these six strains shared an identical 16s ribosomal dna sequence that was 98% similar to treponema phagedenis and 99% similar to the uncultivated pdd spirochete sequence ddlk-4. the whole-cell protein profiles resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of th ... | 2003 | 12791876 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescent assay, and recombinant immunoblotting in the serodiagnosis of early lyme borreliosis. | serum samples from bulgarian patients with physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (em) (n=105) were examined using borrelia burgdorferi elisa (boehring, germany) after previous absorption with treponema phagedenis. for igm antibody detection sera were additionally pretreated with anti-igg serum (rf absorbent). serum samples of 93% of persons from healthy control group were igm negative and all were igg negative. out of 105 patients with em, 49% were igm positive and 14 % were borderline. igg elisa ... | 2003 | 14611730 |
| physiology and nutrition of treponema primitia, an h2/co2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. | treponema primitia strains zas-1 and zas-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. in addition to using h(2) plus co(2) as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of zas-2) methoxylated ... | 2004 | 15006747 |
| folate cross-feeding supports symbiotic homoacetogenic spirochetes. | treponema primitia, an h2-consuming co2-reducing homoacetogenic spirochete in termite hindguts, requires an exogenous source of folate for growth. tetrahydrofolate (thf) acts as a c1 carrier in co2-reductive acetogenesis, a microbially mediated process important to the carbon and energy requirements of termites. to examine the hypothesis that other termite gut microbes probably supply some form of folate to t. primitia in situ, we used a bioassay to screen for and isolate folate-secreting bacter ... | 2005 | 15812016 |
| a monoclonal antibody that conveys in vitro killing and partial protection in experimental syphilis binds a phosphorylcholine surface epitope of treponema pallidum. | immunization with purified treponema pallidum outer membrane vesicles (omv) has previously resulted in high-titer complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity. in this study, omv immunization resulted in the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, m131, with complement-dependent killing activity. passive immunization of rabbits with m131 administered intravenously conferred significant immunity demonstrated by the failure of syphilitic lesions to appear at 29% of intradermal challenge sites (7/2 ... | 2005 | 15845516 |
| diagnosis of gastric syphilis by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time pcr testing. | we report on a case of gastric syphilis in a patient with chronic dyspepsia. the diagnosis was established by serology and the demonstration of spirochetes in diffusely inflammed gastric mucosa by staining with a fluorescent monoclonal antibody specific for pathogenic treponemes and by the detection of specific treponemal dna sequences by a real-time pcr. | 2006 | 16954299 |
| characterization of a spirochaete isolated from a case of bovine digital dermatitis. | the aim of the study was to characterize a spirochaete isolated from the lesions of a cow with digital dermatitis (dd). | 2006 | 16968306 |
| the flagellar cytoskeleton of the spirochetes. | the recent discoveries of prokaryotic homologs of all three major eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin, intermediate filaments) have spurred a resurgence of activity in the field of bacterial morphology. in spirochetes, however, it has long been known that the flagellar filaments act as a cytoskeletal protein structure, contributing to their shape and conferring motility on this unique phylum of bacteria. therefore, revisiting the spirochete cytoskeleton may lead to new paradigms for ... | 2006 | 16983197 |
| comparison of a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction with conventional tests for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | to compare a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with conventional pcr, culture, and wet-mount microscopy for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. | 2007 | 17090567 |
| comparison of a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction with conventional tests for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | to compare a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with conventional pcr, culture, and wet-mount microscopy for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. | 2007 | 17090567 |
| lesion formation and antibody response induced by papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated spirochetes in a murine abscess model. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd), also known as hairy heel wart, is a growing cause of lameness of cows in the u.s. dairy industry. farms with pdd-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency, and premature culling. while the exact cause of pdd is unknown, lesion development is associated with the presence of anaerobic spirochetes. this study was undertaken to investigate the virulence and antigenic relatedness of ... | 2007 | 17591787 |
| papillomatous digital dermatitis spirochetes suppress the bovine macrophage innate immune response. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a polymicrobial infection in soft tissue adjacent to the hoof and is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like (tpl) spirochetes are a constant feature of pdd lesions and are localized deep in infected tissue. host-cell response mechanisms to tpl spirochetes are poorly understood. to assess how bovine macrophages respond to cellular constituents of tpl spirochetes, changes in transcription were analyzed using serial analysi ... | 2007 | 17628359 |
| borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure. | borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes lyme disease. motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (pfs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath. the structure of these pfs, which are composed of a basal body, a hook, and a filament, is similar to the structure of flagella of other bacteria. to determine if hook formation influences flagellin gene transcription in b. burgdorferi, we inactivated the hook structural gene flge by targeted mutagenesi ... | 2008 | 18192386 |
| three unique groups of spirochetes isolated from digital dermatitis lesions in uk cattle. | bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is a severe infectious cause of lameness which has spread through dairy cattle populations worldwide, causing serious welfare and agricultural problems. spirochetes are the main organisms implicated and have previously proven difficult to isolate. this study aimed to isolate and characterise the range of spirochetes associated with bdd in the uk. twenty-three spirochete isolates were obtained from 30 bdd lesions, which by 16s rrna gene and flab2 gene analysis clus ... | 2008 | 18243592 |
| novel ultrastructures of treponema primitia and their implications for motility. | members of the bacterial phylum spirochaetes are generally helical cells propelled by periplasmic flagella. the spirochete treponema primitia is interesting because of its mutualistic role in the termite gut, where it is believed to cooperate with protozoa that break down cellulose and produce h(2) as a by-product. here we report the ultrastructure of t. primitia as obtained by electron cryotomography of intact, frozen-hydrated cells. several previously unrecognized external structures were reve ... | 2008 | 18248579 |
| heterologous expression of the treponema pallidum laminin-binding adhesin tp0751 in the culturable spirochete treponema phagedenis. | treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an unculturable, genetically intractable bacterium. here we report the use of the shuttle vector pkmr4pemcs for the expression of a previously identified t. pallidum laminin-binding adhesin, tp0751, in the nonadherent, culturable spirochete treponema phagedenis. heterologous expression of tp0751 in t. phagedenis was confirmed via reverse transcriptase pcr analysis with tp0751 gene-specific primers and immunofluorescence anal ... | 2008 | 18263731 |
| native cellular architecture of treponema denticola revealed by cryo-electron tomography. | using cryo-electron tomography, we are developing a refined description of native cellular structures in the pathogenic spirochete treponema denticola. tightly organized bundles of periplasmic flagella were readily observed in intact plunge-frozen cells. the periplasmic space was measured in both wild-type and aflagellate strains, and found to widen by less than the diameter of flagella when the latter are present. this suggests that a structural change occurs in the peptidoglycan layer to accom ... | 2008 | 18468917 |
| isolation and characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes from digital dermatitis lesions in swedish dairy cattle. | digital dermatitis in cattle is an emerging infectious disease. ulcerative lesions are typically located on the plantar skin between the heel bulbs and adjacent to the coronet. spirochetes of the genus treponema are found in high numbers in the lesions and are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis. the aim of this study was to obtain pure cultures of spirochetes from cattle with digital dermatitis and to describe them further. | 2008 | 18937826 |
| in vitro susceptibility of bovine digital dermatitis associated spirochaetes to antimicrobial agents. | bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is an infectious lameness in cattle, which has a large global impact in terms of animal welfare and cost. the majority of evidence suggests that spirochaetes are the aetiological agent of this disease. the aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility of bdd associated spirochaetes to a range of antimicrobial agents with a view to potential usage in vivo to treat this widespread cattle disease. a microdilution method was adapted to determine the in vitro su ... | 2009 | 19081208 |
| association of unique, isolated treponemes with bovine digital dermatitis lesions. | this study used a pcr-based approach targeting 16s rrna gene fragments to determine the occurrence and association of the three bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) treponeme phylogroups within lesions found in cattle from the united kingdom. examination of 51 bdd lesions collected from infected cattle across the united kingdom revealed that bdd treponeme group 1 (treponema medium/treponema vincentii-like), group 2 (treponema phagedenis-like), and group 3 (treponema putidum/treponema denticola-like) ... | 2009 | 19144804 |
| genetic heterogeneity among strains of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis in japan. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is an infectious foot disease of cattle that is prevalent throughout the world. although it has been prevalent in japan since the first case was reported in 1992, full epidemiological and bacteriological examinations have not been conducted. we collected 91 lesions of pdd from 80 dairy cattle on 12 farms in eight regions of japan to isolate the spirochetes that are frequently detected in lesions. we isolated 40 strains of spirochetes from 24 cattle (30.0%) ... | 2009 | 19144810 |
| identification of spirochetes associated with contagious ovine digital dermatitis. | spirochetes of the genus treponema were cultured from 7 of 10 cases of digital dermatitis in sheep. two cultures comprised treponema phagedenis-like and treponema medium/treponema vincentii-like spirochetes, respectively, while the remaining cultures comprised mixed populations of treponema medium/treponema vincentii-like, treponema phagedenis-like, and treponema denticola/treponema putidum-like organisms. | 2009 | 19204100 |
| bovine immune response to papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd)-associated spirochetes is skewed in isolate reactivity and subclass elicitation. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a growing cause of lameness of dairy cattle worldwide. farms with pdd-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency and premature culling. cows exhibit both humoral and cellular immune responses to pdd-associated spirochetes. this study was undertaken to further characterize the bovine humoral response to pdd-associated spirochetes. forty-seven sera samples collected from cattle ( ... | 2009 | 19297029 |
| cryo-electron tomography elucidates the molecular architecture of treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. | cryo-electron tomography (cet) was used to examine the native cellular organization of treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. t. pallidum cells appeared to form flat waves, did not contain an outer coat and, except for bulges over the basal bodies and widening in the vicinity of flagellar filaments, displayed a uniform periplasmic space. although the outer membrane (om) generally was smooth in contour, om extrusions and blebs frequently were observed, highlighting the structure's fluidity ... | 2009 | 19820083 |
| bactofilins, a ubiquitous class of cytoskeletal proteins mediating polar localization of a cell wall synthase in caulobacter crescentus. | the cytoskeleton has a key function in the temporal and spatial organization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. here, we report the identification of a new class of polymer-forming proteins, termed bactofilins, that are widely conserved among bacteria. in caulobacter crescentus, two bactofilin paralogues cooperate to form a sheet-like structure lining the cytoplasmic membrane in proximity of the stalked cell pole. these assemblies mediate polar localization of a peptidoglycan synthase inv ... | 2010 | 19959992 |
| bactofilins, a ubiquitous class of cytoskeletal proteins mediating polar localization of a cell wall synthase in caulobacter crescentus. | the cytoskeleton has a key function in the temporal and spatial organization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. here, we report the identification of a new class of polymer-forming proteins, termed bactofilins, that are widely conserved among bacteria. in caulobacter crescentus, two bactofilin paralogues cooperate to form a sheet-like structure lining the cytoplasmic membrane in proximity of the stalked cell pole. these assemblies mediate polar localization of a peptidoglycan synthase inv ... | 2010 | 19959992 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in japan. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 23 treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) lesions in japan were investigated by a broth microdilution method using 15 antimicrobial agents. although all mic values showed a monomodal distribution, the mics of the antimicrobial agents for 90% (mic(90)) of the isolates tested varied among the agents examined. the mic(90) values for penicillin g, ampicillin, and erythromycin were <0 ... | 2010 | 19996562 |
| identification of candidate pathogens of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from quantitative 16s rrna clonal analysis. | although it is suspected that papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd), an infectious foot disease of cattle, is caused by multiple bacteria, it remains unclear precisely which ones are involved in the etiology. to study the bacterial community, we used 16s rrna gene sequencing of randomly selected clones based on pcr with minimum amplification cycles to search for organisms present in pdd lesions but not in healthy foot skin. the nucleotide sequences of 1525 clones from 5 pdd lesions (836 clones) ... | 2010 | 20036086 |
| analysis of the igg immune response to treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes in individual dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a major infectious disease of the foot skin in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes have been consistently detected in pdd lesions, and antibodies against these organisms have been demonstrated in affected cattle. however, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected cattle. here, we investigated the igg immune response to t. phagedenis-like isolates by western blotting with different sera using w ... | 2010 | 20107009 |
| cellular architecture of treponema pallidum: novel flagellum, periplasmic cone, and cell envelope as revealed by cryo electron tomography. | high-resolution cryo electron tomography (cryo-et) was utilized to visualize treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, at the molecular level. three-dimensional (3d) reconstructions from 304 infectious organisms revealed unprecedented cellular structures of this unusual member of the spirochetal family. high-resolution cryo-et reconstructions provided detailed structures of the cell envelope, which is significantly different from that of gram-negative bacteria. the 4-nm lipid bilayer ... | 2010 | 20850455 |
| characterization of a novel family of fibronectin-binding proteins with m23 peptidase domains from treponema denticola. | interactions with fibronectin are important in the virulence strategies of a range of disease-related bacteria. the periodontitis-associated oral spirochaete treponema denticola expresses at least two fibronectin-binding proteins, designated msp (major surface protein) and oppa (oligopeptide-binding protein homologue). to identify other t. denticola outer membrane fibronectin-binding proteins, the amino acid sequence of the treponema pallidum fibronectin-binding protein tp0155 was used to survey ... | 2010 | 21040511 |
| characterization of novel bovine gastrointestinal tract treponema isolates and comparison with bovine digital dermatitis treponemes. | this study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (gi) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) treponemes. seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine gi tract, which, on the basis of 16s rrna gene comparisons, clustered within the genus treponema as four novel phylotypes. one phylotype was isolated from several different gi tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. these four phylotypes could be di ... | 2010 | 21057019 |
| characterization of novel bovine gastrointestinal tract treponema isolates and comparison with bovine digital dermatitis treponemes. | this study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (gi) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) treponemes. seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine gi tract, which, on the basis of 16s rrna gene comparisons, clustered within the genus treponema as four novel phylotypes. one phylotype was isolated from several different gi tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. these four phylotypes could be di ... | 2010 | 21057019 |
| morphological analysis of the sheathed flagellum of brucella melitensis. | abstract: | 2010 | 21143933 |
| bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751. | treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ... | 2010 | 21149586 |
| bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751. | treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ... | 2010 | 21149586 |
| ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16s rrna-based microbiome. | we report the first study of the bacterial microbiome of ovine interdigital skin based on 16s rrna by pyrosequencing and conventional cloning with sanger-sequencing. three flocks were selected, one a flock with no signs of footrot or interdigital dermatitis, a second flock with interdigital dermatitis alone and a third flock with both interdigital dermatitis and footrot. the sheep were classified as having either healthy interdigital skin (h) and interdigital dermatitis (id) or virulent footrot ... | 2011 | 21430786 |
| identification of immunogenic proteins in treponema phagedenis-like strain v1 from digital dermatitis lesions by phage display. | digital dermatitis (dd) is a contagious claw disease causing lameness in cattle, affecting both animal welfare and economics. in this study, shotgun phage display was used to identify immunogenic proteins in a strain (v1) of the treponema phylotype closely related to treponema phagedenis, indicated as a key agent in the pathogenesis of dd. a genomic phage library was constructed and selected against antibodies from a rabbit immunized with live strain v1 bacteria. a homolog to the immunogenic pro ... | 2011 | 21763087 |
| relapsing fever borrelia in ornithodoros ticks from bolivia. | | 2011 | 21929883 |
| arbobacteria - pathogens transmittable by arthropods. | | 2008 | 21512627 |
| arbobacteria - pathogens transmittable by arthropods. | | 2009 | 21048822 |
| filament formation associated with spirochetal infection: a comparative approach to morgellons disease. | bovine digital dermatitis is an emerging infectious disease that causes lameness, decreased milk production, and weight loss in livestock. proliferative stages of bovine digital dermatitis demonstrate keratin filament formation in skin above the hooves in affected animals. the multifactorial etiology of digital dermatitis is not well understood, but spirochetes and other coinfecting microorganisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this veterinary illness. morgellons disease is an emerg ... | 2011 | 22253541 |
| a phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the phylum spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. | the spirochaetes species cause many important diseases including syphilis and lyme disease. except for their containing a distinctive endoflagella, no other molecular or biochemical characteristics are presently known that are specific for either all spirochaetes or its different families. we report detailed comparative and phylogenomic analyses of protein sequences from spirochaetes genomes to understand their evolutionary relationships and to identify molecular signatures for this group. these ... | 2013 | 23908650 |
| lyme borreliosis and skin. | lyme disease is a multisystem illness which is caused by the strains of spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the tick, ixodes. though very commonly reported from the temperate regions of the world, the incidence has increased worldwide due to increasing travel and changing habitats of the vector. few cases have been reported from the indian subcontinent too. skin manifestations are the earliest to occur, and diagnosing these lesions followed by appropriate treatment, can ... | 2013 | 23723463 |
| structure of rrn operons in pathogenic non-cultivable treponemes: sequence but not genomic position of intergenic spacers correlates with classification of treponema pallidum and treponema paraluiscuniculi strains. | this study examined the sequences of the two rrna (rrn) operons of pathogenic non-cultivable treponemes, comprising 11 strains of t. pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa), five strains of t. pallidum ssp. pertenue (tpe), two strains of t. pallidum ssp. endemicum (ten), a simian fribourg-blanc strain and a rabbit t. paraluiscuniculi (tpc) strain. pcr was used to determine the type of 16s-23s ribosomal intergenic spacers in the rrn operons from 30 clinical samples belonging to five different genotypes. whe ... | 2013 | 23082031 |
| revisited: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infections in hard ticks (ixodes ricinus) in the city of hanover (germany). | the present study investigated the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) genospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in hanover, northern germany, in 2010. at the same time the study served as fifth-year-follow-up study for data comparison with 2005. | 2014 | 25233844 |
| initial characterization of the flge hook high molecular weight complex of borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochete periplasmic flagellum has many unique attributes. one unusual characteristic is the flagellar hook. this structure serves as a universal joint coupling rotation of the membrane-bound motor to the flagellar filament. the hook is comprised of about 120 flge monomers, and in most bacteria these structures readily dissociate to monomers (∼ 50 kda) when treated with heat and detergent. however, in spirochetes the flge monomers form a large mass of over 250 kda [referred to as a high mo ... | 2014 | 24859001 |
| digital dermatitis in dairy cows: a review of risk factors and potential sources of between-animal variation in susceptibility. | digital dermatitis (dd) is a bacterial disease that primarily affects the skin on the heels of cattle. it is a major cause of lameness in dairy cows and a significant problem for the dairy industry in many countries, causing reduced animal welfare and economic loss. a wide range of infection levels has been found on infected farms, prompting investigations into both farm level and animal level risk factors for dd occurrence. there also appears to be individual variation between animals in suscep ... | 2015 | 26479371 |
| a novel approach to probe host-pathogen interactions of bovine digital dermatitis, a model of a complex polymicrobial infection. | polymicrobial infections represent a great challenge for the clarification of disease etiology and the development of comprehensive diagnostic or therapeutic tools, particularly for fastidious and difficult-to-cultivate bacteria. using bovine digital dermatitis (dd) as a disease model, we introduce a novel strategy to study the pathogenesis of complex infections. | 2016 | 27908274 |
| the structure of treponema pallidum tp0751 (pallilysin) reveals a non-canonical lipocalin fold that mediates adhesion to extracellular matrix components and interactions with host cells. | syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. treponema pallidum disseminates widely throughout the host and extravasates from the vasculature, a process that is at least partially dependent upon the ability of t. pallidum to interact with host extracellular matrix (ecm) components. defining the molecular basis for the interaction between t. pallidum and the host is complicated by the intractability of t. pallidum to in vitro culturing and genetic mani ... | 2016 | 27683203 |
| multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic treponemes isolated from cloven-hoofed animals and comparison to treponemes isolated from humans. | treponema species are implicated in many diseases of humans and animals. digital dermatitis (dd) treponemes are reported to cause severe lesions in cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and wild elk, causing substantial global animal welfare issues and economic losses. the fastidiousness of these spirochetes has previously precluded studies investigating within-phylogroup genetic diversity. an archive of treponemes that we isolated enabled multilocus sequence typing to quantify the diversity and populatio ... | 2016 | 27208135 |
| toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host-pathogen interaction in lyme disease. | lyme disease (ld) risk occurs in north america and europe where the tick vectors of the causal agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are found. it is associated with local and systemic manifestations, and has persistent posttreatment health complications in some individuals. the innate immune system likely plays a critical role in both host defense against b. burgdorferi and disease severity. recognition of b. burgdorferi, activation of the innate immune system, production of proinflammatory cyt ... | 2016 | 27330321 |
| structural, bioinformatic, and in vivo analyses of two treponema pallidum lipoproteins reveal a unique trap transporter. | treponema pallidum, the bacterial agent of syphilis, is predicted to encode one tripartite atp-independent periplasmic transporter (trap-t). trap-ts typically employ a periplasmic substrate-binding protein (sbp) to deliver the cognate ligand to the transmembrane symporter. herein, we demonstrate that the genes encoding the putative trap-t components from t. pallidum, tp0957 (the sbp), and tp0958 (the symporter), are in an operon with an uncharacterized third gene, tp0956. we determined the cryst ... | 2012 | 22306465 |
| design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific pcr primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial 16s rrna. | we report the design and evaluation of pcr primers 63f and 1387r for amplification of 16s rrna genes from bacteria. their specificity and efficacy were tested systematically with a bacterial species and environmental samples. they were found to be more useful for 16s rrna gene amplification in ecological and systematic studies than pcr amplimers that are currently more generally used. | 1998 | 9464425 |
| oral spirochetes implicated in dental diseases are widespread in normal human subjects and carry extremely diverse integron gene cassettes. | the nih human microbiome project (hmp) has produced several hundred metagenomic data sets, allowing studies of the many functional elements in human-associated microbial communities. here, we survey the distribution of oral spirochetes implicated in dental diseases in normal human individuals, using recombination sites associated with the chromosomal integron in treponema genomes, taking advantage of the multiple copies of the integron recombination sites (repeats) in the genomes, and using a ta ... | 2012 | 22635997 |
| treponema denticola superoxide reductase: in vivo role, in vitro reactivities, and a novel [fe(cys)(4)] site. | in vitro and in vivo results are presented demonstrating that superoxide reductase (sor) from the air-sensitive oral spirochete, treponema denticola (td), is a principal enzymatic scavenger of superoxide in this organism. this sor contains the characteristic non-heme [fe(his)(4)cys] active sites. no other metal-binding domain has been annotated for td sor. however, we found that td sor also accommodates a [fe(cys)(4)] site whose spectroscopic and redox properties resemble those in so-called 2fe- ... | 2012 | 22715932 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from a bovine digital dermatitis lesion. | bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis (dd) is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle and represents a serious welfare and economic burden. found primarily in high production dairy cattle worldwide, dd is characterized by the development of an often painful red, raw ulcerative or papillomatous lesion frequently located near the interdigital cleft and above the bulbs of the heel. while the exact etiology is unknown, several spirochete species have been isolated from lesion material. four ... | 2013 | 24304812 |
| targeting the treponemal microbiome of digital dermatitis infections by high-resolution phylogenetic analyses and comparison with fluorescent in situ hybridization. | modern pyrosequencing technology allows for a more comprehensive approach than traditional sanger sequencing for elucidating the etiology of bovine digital dermatitis. we sought to describe the composition and diversity of treponemes in digital dermatitis lesions by using deep sequencing of the v3 and v4 hypervariable regions of the 16s rrna gene coupled with species-level taxonomic identification. treponema-specific 16s rrna gene pcrs and pyrosequencing were performed on biopsy specimens origin ... | 2013 | 23658264 |
| motility is crucial for the infectious life cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, exists in a zoonotic cycle involving an arthropod tick and mammalian host. dissemination of the organism within and between these hosts depends upon the spirochete's ability to traverse through complex tissues. additionally, the spirochete outruns the host immune cells while migrating through the dermis, suggesting the importance of b. burgdorferi motility in evading host clearance. b. burgdorferi's periplasmic flagellar filaments are composed p ... | 2013 | 23529620 |
| comparative analysis of oral treponemes associated with periodontal health and disease. | periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are chronic inflammatory infections affecting the gingivae (gums), underlying connective tissues and bone that support the teeth. oral treponemes (genus treponema) are widely-considered to play important roles in periodontal disease etiology and pathogenesis; however, precise relationships remain to be fully established. | 2013 | 23578286 |
| detection of the a2058g and a2059g 23s rrna gene point mutations associated with azithromycin resistance in treponema pallidum by use of a taqman real-time multiplex pcr assay. | macrolide treatment failure in syphilis patients is associated with a single point mutation (either a2058g or a2059g) in both copies of the 23s rrna gene in treponema pallidum strains. the conventional method for the detection of both point mutations uses nested pcr combined with restriction enzyme digestions, which is laborious and time-consuming. we initially developed a taqman-based real-time duplex pcr assay for detection of the a2058g mutation, and upon discovery of the a2059g mutation, we ... | 2013 | 23284026 |
| the tp0796 lipoprotein of treponema pallidum is a bimetal-dependent fad pyrophosphatase with a potential role in flavin homeostasis. | treponema pallidum, an obligate parasite of humans and the causative agent of syphilis, has evolved the capacity to exploit host-derived metabolites for its survival. flavin-containing compounds are essential cofactors that are required for metabolic processes in all living organisms, and riboflavin is a direct precursor of the cofactors fmn and fad. unlike many pathogenic bacteria, treponema pallidum cannot synthesize riboflavin; we recently described a flavin-uptake mechanism composed of an ab ... | 2013 | 23447540 |
| isolation of digital dermatitis treponemes from hoof lesions in wild north american elk (cervus elaphus) in washington state, usa. | since 2008, a large increase in the numbers of cases of lameness have been seen in wild north american elk (cervus elaphus) from washington state, usa. the most recent cases manifested as foot lesions similar both clinically and pathologically to those seen in digital dermatitis (dd) in cattle and sheep, a disease with a bacterial etiopathogenesis. to determine whether the same bacteria considered responsible for dd are associated with elk lameness, lesion samples were subjected to bacterial iso ... | 2014 | 25355757 |
| isolation of digital dermatitis treponemes from hoof lesions in wild north american elk (cervus elaphus) in washington state, usa. | since 2008, a large increase in the numbers of cases of lameness have been seen in wild north american elk (cervus elaphus) from washington state, usa. the most recent cases manifested as foot lesions similar both clinically and pathologically to those seen in digital dermatitis (dd) in cattle and sheep, a disease with a bacterial etiopathogenesis. to determine whether the same bacteria considered responsible for dd are associated with elk lameness, lesion samples were subjected to bacterial iso ... | 2014 | 25355757 |
| deep sequencing analysis reveals temporal microbiota changes associated with development of bovine digital dermatitis. | bovine digital dermatitis (dd) is a leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle throughout the world. despite 35 years of research, the definitive etiologic agent associated with the disease process is still unknown. previous studies have demonstrated that multiple bacterial species are associated with lesions, with spirochetes being the most reliably identified organism. this study details the deep sequencing-based metagenomic evaluation of 48 staged dd biopsy specimens collected during a 3-year ... | 2014 | 24866801 |
| discovery of bovine digital dermatitis-associated treponema spp. in the dairy herd environment by a targeted deep-sequencing approach. | the bacteria associated with the infectious claw disease bovine digital dermatitis (dd) are spirochetes of the genus treponema; however, their environmental reservoir remains unknown. to our knowledge, the current study is the first report of the discovery and phylogenetic characterization of rrna gene sequences from dd-associated treponemes in the dairy herd environment. although the spread of dd appears to be facilitated by wet floors covered with slurry, no dd-associated treponemes have been ... | 2014 | 24814794 |
| draft genome sequence of 'treponema phagedenis' strain v1, isolated from bovine digital dermatitis. | 'treponema phagedenis' is considered to be a key agent in the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis, an infectious foot condition of economic and animal welfare importance. we hereby report the draft sequence of 't. phagedenis' strain v1. the draft genome assembly consists of 51 scaffolds comprising 3,129,551 bp and a gc-content of 39.9 %. putative pathogenicity related factors have been identified in the genome that can be used in future studies to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanism ... | 2015 | 26392840 |
| conservation of the host-interacting proteins tp0750 and pallilysin among treponemes and restriction of proteolytic capacity to treponema pallidum. | the spirochete treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic, sexually transmitted infection characterized by multiple symptomatic and asymptomatic stages. although several other species in the genus are able to cause or contribute to disease, t. pallidum differs in that it is able to rapidly disseminate via the bloodstream to tissue sites distant from the site of initial infection. it is also the only treponema species able to cross both the blood-brain and pl ... | 2015 | 26283341 |
| the gastrointestinal tract as a potential infection reservoir of digital dermatitis-associated treponemes in beef cattle and sheep. | digital dermatitis (dd) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. it has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [codd]). three treponema phylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions, treponema medium-like, treponema phagedenis-like, and treponema pedis. the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and feces are suggested sites of treponemal infection in dairy cattle; however, isolation of dd-associated treponemes from these areas has prev ... | 2015 | 26276110 |