| morphogenesis and ultrastructure of geotrichum candidum septa. | the ultrastructure and mode of formation of septa of geotrichum candidum were investigated by light and electron microscopy. the invaginations of the lateral membrane and wall appear to initiate at multiple points around the circumference of the cell; the immature septum subsequently assumes a cart-wheel shape, with branched spokes radiating from the center of the septum. each face of the septum is covered with a membrane possessing hitherto undescribed structural differentiation; the membrane s ... | 1973 | 4126819 |
| [microflora of saint-nectaire cheese and physiology of geotrichum candidum link]. | | 1971 | 4258407 |
| [cytochemical studies on the effects of boric acid and phenylboric acid on various oxidases and dehydrogenases in oospora lactis (fres.) sacc. (cf. geotrichum candidum link.)]. | | 1967 | 4300631 |
| the ultrastructure of geotrichum candidum hyphae. | | 1973 | 4360719 |
| septum of geotrichum candidum or valva of a centric diatom? | it is suggested that the structures which have been interpreted as immature septa of geotrichum candidum by hashimoto et al. represent valvae of a centric diatom. | 1974 | 4407016 |
| [geotrichum candidum link, supposed cause of severe enteritis of guinea fowl chicks (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4473709 |
| phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in a mutant of geotrichum candidum. | | 1974 | 4546882 |
| characteristics of the lipase from the mold, geotrichum candidum: a review. | | 1974 | 4597006 |
| amino acid transport in germinated arthrospores of geotrichum candidum. | | 1972 | 4673190 |
| specificity of geotrichum candidum lipase with respect to double bond position in triglycerides containng cis-octadecenoic acids. | | 1972 | 4673733 |
| formation and regeneration of geotrichum candidum protoplasts. | | 1973 | 4697825 |
| hydrolysis of linoleate geometric isomers by geotrichum candidum lipase. | | 1973 | 4713381 |
| [the role of phagocytes in the destruction of yeast-like fungi (geotrichum candidum)]. | | 1973 | 4726612 |
| the growth unit of the mould geotrichum candidum. | | 1973 | 4734269 |
| [studies on the glyceride structure of fats. 5. isolation and properties of lipase from geotrichum candidum]. | | 1973 | 4736780 |
| metabolic activities and dynamic aspects of growth in geotrichum candidum. | | 1973 | 4750183 |
| [studies on the glyceride structure of fats. 6. studies with synthetic triglycerides on the fatty acids specificity of lipase of geotrichum candidum]. | | 1973 | 4794726 |
| protein production by local yeast strains with special emphasis on geotrichum candidum. | | 1973 | 4796032 |
| ultrastructural changes during germination of geotrichum candidum arthrospores. | | 1973 | 4796213 |
| self-inhibition of arthrospore germination in geotrichum candidum. | | 1973 | 4796214 |
| [cellulolytic enzymes of geotrichum candidum]. | | 1974 | 4819823 |
| propagation of geotrichum candidum in acid brine. | geotrichum candidum completely neutralized the acid brine and reduced its biochemical oxygen demand (bod) by 88%. yield of dry mycelium was 62 g per 100 g of bod utilized. | 1974 | 4825982 |
| analytical studies on regeneration of protoplasts of geotrichum candidum by quantitative thin-layer-agar plating. | a preparation of pure protoplasts of geotrichum candidum became osmotically stable and colonies developed when the protoplasts were embedded in stabilizing thin-layer-agar and incubated with stabilizing basal medium. when growing protoplasts were exposed to distilled water and then reincubated with basal medium, the process of regeneration of protoplasts could be quantitatively demonstrated by counting colonies. the process was divided into three phases, lag, logarithmic, and stationary. further ... | 1969 | 4889270 |
| studies on protoplasts of geotrichum candidum: mechanism of formation of protoplasts and their physical and morphological properties. | | 1969 | 4899980 |
| cell wall composition and "protoplast" formation of geotrichum candidum. | | 1971 | 4944660 |
| endomyces geotrichum a perfect state of geotrichum candidum. | | 1972 | 5063031 |
| [formation of endospores in geotrichum candidum]. | | 1969 | 5372129 |
| [geotrichum candidum as excitant of disease]. | | 1969 | 5408004 |
| sexual reproduction on geotrichum candidum. | a perfect state of geotrichum candidum was isolated from soil in puerto rico. wild-type cultures are self-fertile but give rise to self-sterile, cross-fertile mating types morphologically different in some respects from the wild type. this discovery of the perfect state of g. candidum and its unique pattern of sexuality may contribute to knowledge of its ecology, the origin of pathogenic races, and speciation. | 1970 | 5463862 |
| the alkaloids of fungi. ii. some factors influencing alkaloid formation by geotrichum candidum. | | 1970 | 5530407 |
| [enterocolitis due to geotrichum candidum following treatment with glutamic acid]. | | 1967 | 5628060 |
| [in vitro studies of the effect of moronal on geotrichum candidum strains of human origin]. | | 1968 | 5761183 |
| pathological relationship between plant and animal isolates of geotrichum candidum in avian egg. | | 1969 | 5815037 |
| pathogenicity of plant and animal isolates of geotrichum candidum in the turtle. | | 1969 | 5818098 |
| [geotrichum candidum as a cause of conjunctival mycoses]. | | 1965 | 5847490 |
| specificity of a lipase from geotrichum candidum for cis-octadecenoic acid. | | 1965 | 5891798 |
| [the presence of geotrichum candidum link in the feces of psoriasis patients]. | | 1965 | 5895161 |
| plasmodesmata between hyphal cells of geotrichum candidum. | electron-microscopic studies of three isolates of geotrichum candidum from plants and one isolate from man showed the fine structure to be similar to other closely related, yeastlike fungi. structures were observed that appeared similar to plasmodesmata present in higher plants. | 1966 | 5950481 |
| inhibition of microbial lipases by fatty acids. | addition of lard or sodium oleate to the medium used for lipase production by pseudomonas fragi resulted in a decreased accumulation of lipase in the culture supernatant fluid without affecting cell growth. the production and activity of lipase was inhibited by lard, sodium oleate, and the salts of other unsaturated fatty acids. some divalent cations, tweens, lecithin, and bovine serum prevented oleate inhibition, but did not reverse it. similar inhibitory actions were observed with geotrichum c ... | 1966 | 5970458 |
| in vitro activity of antifungal agents against yeast species. | the antimicrobial activity of 8 antifungal agents have been compared in vitro against 151 strains of yeast fungi and 2 of geotrichum candidum. the drugs were the classical nystatin and amphotericin-b, 5-flucytosine, and 5 imidazoles, clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and tioconazole. an agar dilution technique with incubation at 37 degrees c was used. by this procedure, econazole was the most active agent per weight basis among those suitable for topical therapy. tioconazole had ... | 1983 | 6301773 |
| determination of lipase specificity. | specificity of lipases is controlled by the molecular properties of the enzyme, structure of the substrate and factors affecting binding of the enzyme to the substrate. types of specificity are as follows. i. substrate: (a) different rates of lipolysis of tg, dg, and mg by the same enzyme; (b) separate enzymes from the same source for tg, dg and mg. ii. positional: (a) primary esters; (b) secondary esters; and (c) all three esters or nonspecific hydrolysis. iii. fatty acid, preference for simila ... | 1983 | 6343749 |
| mycoflora of the human dermal surfaces. | the mycotic flora of the scalp and interdigital areas of the hand and foot of 1296 apparently healthy human inhabitants of three amazonian communities were surveyed by means of microscopic examination of epidermal scrapings and cultural isolation on mycosel agar. no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of fungal infection was detected in any of our study subjects. from 133 (10%) individuals, 143 fungi representing 13 genera and 39 species were recovered. yeasts constituted 85% of the fungi. seven ... | 1984 | 6509388 |
| an outbreak of tinea pedis and tinea cruris in a tyre factory in messina, italy. | a case of an epidemic by tinea cruris and tinea pedis in a tyre factory in sicily is reported. there was noticeable spread of the causative agents throughout the environment. they were mainly transmitted by wash-basins in the footbaths, by footboards of showers and in smaller numbers by towels. trichosporon beigelii was the most common fungus isolated from the environment, followed by trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum, candida parapsilosis and geotrichum ... | 1983 | 6633632 |
| [properties of lipases from oospora lactis]. | the procedure of isolation and purification of lipases from the fungus oospora lactis have been developed. the existence of two different lipases has been demonstrated, one of which (mr = 43000) is localized in the periplasmic space and can be liberated into the external medium in an unchanged form, while the other (mr = 40000) is tightly bound to the membranes and can be solubilized by detergent treatment. the most essential properties of the lipases are discussed and a detailed analysis of the ... | 1983 | 6683568 |
| [preparation of cellulolytic enzymes from geotrichum candidum]. | the ability of different fungi cultivated on cellulose to synthesize extracellular cellulase was examined. the fungus geotrichum candidum str. 3c was the most active among the fungi tested, including trichoderma fungi. the formation of cellulolytic enzymes in the culture filtrate of g. candidum occurred, when the entire glucose and the major portion of reducing substances were utilized. the formation of cellulases depended on the content of ammonium ions. the enzyme accumulation reached the high ... | 1980 | 6770360 |
| temporal accumulation of mannitol and arabitol in geotrichum candidum. | the temporal depletion and accumulation of polyols were investigated in the fungus geotrichum cnadidum. the major intracellular polyols were tentatively identified by paper chromatography as mannitol and arabitol. inositol was also present in small quantities, and trehalose was also detected in appreciable concentrations. germination and vegetative growth depended on the type and concentration of the sole exogenous carbon source. mannitol occurred in arthrospores at 9.4% of the dry weight after ... | 1980 | 6772136 |
| [properties of beta-glucosidase from the fungus geotrichum candidum 3c]. | the ability of beta-glucosidase from the fungus geotrichum candidum 3c to degrade cell oligosaccharides, disaccharides and glycosides was examined. it was demonstrated that the rate of enzymic hydrolysis of cell oligosaccharides depended on the length of the substrate chain. the major product was glucose. the beta-glucosidase purified showed high specificity towards beta-glucopyranosyl and degraded only the glucosides which incorporated beta-glucopyranosyl. the enzyme had a relatively low speci ... | 1980 | 6784113 |
| [properties of beta-glucosidase from the cellulolytic fungus geotrichum candidum 3c]. | beta-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) splitting p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucosidase was isolated from cellular preparation of the fungus geotrichum candidum 3c "cellocandine g10x" and purified 38-fold. the enzyme was homogeneous during ultracentrifugation, gel-filtration, isoelectrofocusing and disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and had a pi of 4.2, sedimentation coefficient of 2.6s and molecular weight of 120 000. the enzyme had maximal activity at ph 5.6, 45 degr ... | 1982 | 6802188 |
| bostrycin and 4-deoxybostrycin: two nonspecific phytotoxins produced by alternaria eichhorniae. | two crystalline red pigments with phytotoxic activity were isolated from culture filtrates of alternaria eichhorniae, a pathogen of the water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes. the pigments were present in the ratio of 4:1 and were identified as bostrycin and 4-deoxybostrycin, respectively. this is the first isolation of 4-deoxybostrycin from a natural source. bostrycin, 4-deoxybostrycin, and their isopropylidene derivatives induced necrosis on tested plant leaves comparable to the a. eichhorniae-in ... | 1982 | 6805431 |
| [beta-glucanases of geotrichum candidum]. | the formation of (1-4)-, (1-3)- and (1-6)-beta-glucanases and beta-glucosidases was studied during the growth of the fungus geotrichum candidum under the conditions of submerged cultivation in a medium optimal for the production of cellulolytic enzymes. endo-(1-4)-beta-glucanases and c1 enzyme, as well as (1-3)- and (1-6)-beta-glucanases appeared in the medium as soon as by the 45th hour of growth. however, the maximal concentration of the enzymes in the medium was observed at different periods ... | 1982 | 6811842 |
| [bronchopulmonary pathology with hypereosinophilia of fungal origin (excluding allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)]. | five cases of eosinophil lung are reported in which the fungus responsible for the affection was not aspergillus. documented data include reports on 19 similar cases with a clinical picture suggestive of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis but with negative tests for aspergillus. the various fungal species isolated included candida albicans, penicillium, geotrichum candidum, stemphylium lanuginosum, culvularia lunata, and drechsleria hawaïensis. diagnostic criteria are discussed, with partic ... | 1983 | 6878115 |
| [serological evidence for sensitization to geotrichum candidum]. | | 1982 | 6891438 |
| modification of carboxyl groups in geotrichum candidum lipase. | lipase from geotrichum (geo.) candidum was rapidly inactivated by incubation with water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (edc), or 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl) carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (cmc), at ph 4.8. the ph dependence of the rate of inactivation was consistent with the modification of carboxyl groups in the lipase. reaction of the lipase with edc in the presence of the nucleophile taurine showed that about 9 carboxyl groups per molecule ... | 1982 | 6950935 |
| [lipase activity of oospora lactis protoplasts]. | the paper describes how to prepare osmotically sensitive forms from the fungus oospora lactis. the lytic enzyme from actinomycetes at a concentration of 25 mg/ml causes abundant formation of protoplasts at 36 degrees c and ph 7.5 within 10--15 min. the best stabilizing agent is 1 m nacl solution or a mixture of 1 m nacl with 1 m mannitol solution (1:1). in order to induce lysis of cell walls by the enzyme from helix pomatia, the cells must be pretreated with a solution containing 40 mm tris (hyd ... | 1980 | 7190640 |
| combined effects of solutes and food preservatives on rates of inactivation of and colony formation by heated spores and vegetative cells of molds. | the combined and independent effects of sucrose, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate on heat inactivation of conidia of aspergillus flavus and penicillium puberulum, ascospores of byssochlamys nivea, and vegetative cells of geotrichum candidum were studied. in addition, the effects of solutes and preservatives on colony formation by unheated and heated conidia of a. flavus were evaluated. increased concentrations of sucrose were accompanied by increased tolerance to heat by a ... | 1981 | 7195189 |
| geotrichum candidum as a tissue invasive human pathogen. | geotrichum candidum was identified as an invasive organism in the terminal ileum of a man with "hairy cell" leukemia. the organism was identified on the basis of histologic and cultural characteristics. the diagnostic features of g. candidum infection are compared to those of aspergillus and candida species. | 1981 | 7196880 |
| [new ultrasonic method for studying the composition and properties of multienzyme systems: enzymes of the cellulase complex]. | a new ultrasonic method for determination of the composition and properties of individual components of multienzyme systems without their resolution has been developed. the method is based on a determination of the ph-profiles of the first order rate constants for inactivation of the enzymatic components in a complex by ultrasonic cavitation. the method was used for studying a cellulase complex from geotrichum candidum. it was shown that the cellulase complex contains at least four cellulolytic ... | 1980 | 7213836 |
| coprophilous fungi of the horse. | a total of 1267 microfungi, including 35 myxomycetes, were recorded from the fecal samples of the 60 horses; of these 395 were found on 20 saddle-horse feces, 363 on 20 race-horses and 509 on 20 working horses. eighty two species representing 53 genera were recorded; of these 7 were zygomycetes, 18 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycetes and 25 fungi imperfecti: 2 myxomycetes. common coprophilous fungi are in decreasing order pilobolus kleinii, saccobolus depauperatus, mucor hiemalis, lasiobolus ciliatus, ... | 1981 | 7242651 |
| cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise (geochelone elephantopus). | a case of cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise, geochelone elephantopus, at the zoological park of barcelona is reported. fungal hyphae and spores were seen in skin and kidney. culture of these tissues yielded geotrichum candidum. this fungus was isolated from the faeces of 5 other giant tortoises that were housed with the dead animal and from specimens of corn hydroponic culture which is part of their diet. arthrospore suspensions of the 2 strains isolated from the dead animal's ... | 1980 | 7368044 |
| fungi from interior organs of free-living small mammals in czechoslovakia and yugoslavia. | a total of 308 fungi was isolated from interior organs (lungs, spleen, liver) of 529 small mammals belonging to 21 species, 7 families and 3 orders (insectivora, chiroptera, rodentia), some of these being potentially pathogenic to vertebrates (e.g. aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, geotrichum candidum, mucor pusillus, rhizopus arrhizus). in one vole (microtus arvalis) captured in south moravia, adiaspiromycosis (emmonsia crescens) was demonstrated. comparison of mycoflora of hair and that of int ... | 1980 | 7419129 |
| [an affinity chromatography sorbent containing concanavalin a groups immobilized by complex formation with cobalt]. | a spheron-base affinity sorbent containing concanavalin a (con a) groupings has been synthesized. con a was immobilized via the formation of a ternary complex with a stationary ligand (tetrafunctional) triethylene tetramine) and cobalt(iii) ions. the inertness of cobalt(iii) provided strong binding of con a to the matrix. the sorbent was tested for the ability to absorb proteins (albumin, lysozyme, heparin, and ribonuclease) and used the isolation of glucosaminidase from the proteolytic complex ... | 1995 | 7479634 |
| fungi in activated sludge biocenosis. | it has been found that yeasts and yeast-like microorganisms are stable constituents of activated sludge biocenosis treating municipal wastewaters with a mixture of different industrial wastewaters at b upsilon values in the range of 1.3-1.7 kg cod m-3day-1 and b chi = 0.22-0.42 kg cod kg-1day-1. the number of these microorganisms reached about 10(4) cells mg vss-1 and as typical species saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida famata can be considered. considerably less numerous (4-8 cells mg vss-1) ... | 1993 | 7516619 |
| genome comparisons in the yeastlike fungal genus galactomyces redhead et malloch. | the g+c contents of the dnas of 41 strains belonging to the genus galactomyces redhead et malloch were determined by the thermal denaturation method. melting profiles revealed that the dnas of these strains are heterogeneous. four groups were recognized on the basis of this heterogeneity. however, dna similarity values, which were calculated by using dna-dna reassociation kinetics, revealed that the strains could be divided into six subgroups. strains belonging to the same subgroup exhibited hig ... | 1995 | 7547306 |
| production of type a trichothecenes and enniatin b by fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato. | twenty-nine fusarium isolates, representing three new taxa originated by nirenberg from f. sambucinum fuckel sensu lato, namely: f. sambucinum fuckel sensu stricto, f. venenotum nirenb., and f. torulosum (berk. & curt.) nirenb., were tested for in vitro production of toxic secondary metabolites on autoclaved corn kernels. f. sambucinum sensu stricto was able to produce type a trichothecenes and enniatin b (eb). in particular, amongst the 14 isolates tested, 5 produced only diacetoxyscirpenol (da ... | 1995 | 7566055 |
| contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of cassava. | the effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting cassava on cyanogen levels was examined. six out of eight batches of disinfected cassava root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi geotrichum candidum, mucor racemosus, neurospora sitophila, rhizopus oryzae and rhizopus stolonifer, or a bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented cassava flours from uganda. one non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. lev ... | 1995 | 7577362 |
| molecular characterization of a galactomyces geotrichum lipase, another member of the cholinesterase/lipase family. | geotrichum candidum secretes several lipase isoenzymes, differing in their selectively towards esters of long chain fatty acids with a cis-9 double bond. one group shows an absolute selectively towards these fatty acid esters, the other group has a more relaxed specificity and will also hydrolyze other long chain fatty acid esters. galactomyces geotrichum secrets a lipase that has the same specificity as the latter group. the corresponding lipase gene was cloned from galactomyces geotrichum. fro ... | 1995 | 7578238 |
| killer activity of yeasts isolated from the water environment. | the killer activity of 46 strains belonging to 12 yeast and yeast-like species isolated from water or sediment samples was studied. only two strains of the genus cryptococcus did not show killer activity. killer activity of yeast-like species aureobasidium pullulans, hyphopichia burtonii and geotrichum candidum, and yeast species candida krusei and candida lambica was low. sporobolomyces salmonicolor, cryptococcus laurentii and cryptococcus albidus had better activity against basidiomycetous tha ... | 1995 | 7585352 |
| structural determinants defining common stereoselectivity of lipases toward secondary alcohols. | in this review we summarize some aspects of the enantiopreference of the lipase from candida rugosa following structural analysis of complexes of this lipase with two enantiomers of an analog of a tetrahedral intermediate in the hydrolysis of simple esters. the analysis of the molecular basis of the enantiomeric differentiation suggests that these results can be generalized to a large class of lipases and esterases. we also summarize our experiments on identification of the key regions in the li ... | 1995 | 7606666 |
| comparison of lipases from different strains of the fungus geotrichum candidum. | the type a lipase and the cis-9 18:1 specific type b lipase of different strains of geotrichum candidum were compared. comparing the enzyme activity of crude lipase preparation and purified type a and type b lipases and the protein pattern of these preparations in denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed that the specific activity for cis-9 18:1 fatty acids was related to the content of the type b lipase. tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to demonstrate immun ... | 1995 | 7619863 |
| reducing cassava toxicity by heap-fermentation in uganda. | processing of cassava roots by the alur tribe in uganda includes a stage of solid substrate fermentation in heaps. changes in cyanogen levels during the process, microflora involved, and protein levels, amino acid patterns and mycotoxin contamination of the final products were studied. processing was monitored at six rural households and repeated at laboratory site, comparing it to sun-drying. flour samples from rural households were analysed for residual cyanogens, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity an ... | 1995 | 7621084 |
| disseminated geotrichum infection. | intensive chemotherapy has prolonged survival in cancer patients. unfortunately it has also predisposed them to unusual infections because of their immunocompromised state. we report a case of fungal septicaemia caused by geotrichum candidum, an imperfect yeast of low virulence in a young girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. it was successfully treated with amphotericin b. the morphological characteristics of this fungus leading to its identification are described. | 1994 | 7674982 |
| expression and characterization of geotrichum candidum lipase i gene. comparison of specificity profile with lipase ii. | despite tremendous progress in the elucidation of three-dimensional structures of lipases, the molecular basis for their observed substrate preference is not well understood. in an effort to correlate the lipase structure with its substrate preference and to clarify the contradicting reports in the literature, we have compared the enzymic characteristics of two closely related recombinant lipases from the fungus geotrichum candidum. these enzymes were expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevis ... | 1995 | 7737187 |
| traumatic joint infection due to geotrichum candidum. | | 1995 | 7742459 |
| characterization of geotrichum candidum lipase iii with some preference for the inside ester bond of triglyceride. | a new form of geotrichum candidum lipase with a unique positional specificity was found to exist in the culture broth as a minor component together with the well-documented major form. unlike the major form, which cleaves both the inside and outside ester bonds of triglyceride indiscriminately, the newly isolated form showed some preference for the inside (2-position) ester bond. the new enzyme was also characterized by its own fatty acid specificity, i.e., an outstandingly high activity towards ... | 1993 | 7764384 |
| some biochemical characteristics of the early phase of immunomodulation. | the study estimates some biochemical changes of chosen immunological and biochemical parameters after intraperitoneal application of a) immunomodulators of microbial origin--propionibacterium acnes and geotrichum candidum, b) chemical substances--indomethacin and phenobarbital. the estimation was concentrated above all to the changes of chemiluminiscence, phagocytic activities, the amount of camp in peritoneal macrophages, the amount of liver cytochrome p-450 and camp in the liver, spleen and th ... | 1994 | 7778504 |
| reduction of strong lipase-polyclonal antibodies binding by limited proteolysis. | initial attempts to purify geotrichum candidum lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) using immunoaffinity chromatography have been hampered by the tight binding of the lipase to the immobilized rabbit anti-gcl igg. stringent elution conditions were unable to release more than a few percent of the antigen. to decrease the tight binding, the immunosorbent was treated with minute amounts of different proteases, of which elastase proved to be most effective. using the elastase-treated immunosorbent both natural and r ... | 1995 | 7785776 |
| structure of uncomplexed and linoleate-bound candida cylindracea cholesterol esterase. | candida cylindracea cholesterol esterase (ce) reversibly hydrolyzes cholesteryl linoleate and oleate. ce belongs to the same alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily as triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases and cholinesterases. other members of the family that have been studied by x-ray crystallography include torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase, geotrichum candidum lipase and candida rugosa lipase. ce is homologous to c. rugosa lipase 1, a triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase, with which it shares 89% sequenc ... | 1995 | 7788294 |
| [the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in the polluted environment of the labedy district in gliwice]. | this study was undertaken to find relationships between the degree of bacteriological contamination with qualitative composition of potentially pathogenic keratinolytic fungal population in soil, sediment and air samples from the labedy district in gliwice (poland). the examined soil samples were characterized by the predominance of botryotrichum piluliferum, chrysosporium anamorph of arthroderma curreyi, myceliophthora anamorph of ctenomyces serratus, chrysosporium pannicola and trichphyton aje ... | 1994 | 7792523 |
| [contamination of archives by filamentous fungi and their evaluation for potential pathogenicity]. | the results of microbiological examinations of dust samples collected from mortgage registers in the court archives are presented. in the samples examined filamentous fungi of penicillium genus were observed as well as cladosporium herbarum, geotrichum candidum, cephalosporium glutineum, mucor racemosus, trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger. filamentous fungi of penicillium genus occurred in the highest concentration accounting for 350,000 cfu/g. the levels of the remaining fungi were lower- ... | 1994 | 7854106 |
| cloning and expression of geotrichum candidum lipase ii gene in yeast. probing of the enzyme active site by site-directed mutagenesis. | the three-dimensional structure of lipase ii of geotrichum candidum strain atcc34614 (gcl ii) has provided insights with respect to the nature of the catalytic machinery of lipases. to support these structural observations, we have carried out an analysis of gcl ii by mutagenesis. the gene encoding lipase ii of geotrichum candidum strain atcc34614 (gcl ii) was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. the intronless lipase gene was expressed and secreted from saccharo ... | 1993 | 7902836 |
| isoconazole nitrate in the treatment of tropical dermatomycoses. | a total of 54 patients with culturally proven tropical dermatomycoses, comprising 23 with various types of dermatophytoses, one with foot infection due to trichosporon beigelii and one with foot infection due to geotrichum candidum, two with candidosis of the groin and 27 with pityriasis versicolor, were included in a clinical trial of efficacy of 1% isoconazole cream (travogen, schering, berlin, germany). five patients were not evaluable. a clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 29 cases ... | 1994 | 7935591 |
| fungal metabolite extracts active against phytopathogens. | the effectiveness of some genetically engineered microorganisms in the control of plant disease pathogens is widely acknowledged. these biopesticides, so far, pose less danger to the environment. however, little attention has been paid to the potential benefit of the use of exometabolites of some microorganisms in spite of their known activity and high biodegradability. a total of 1108 fungal metabolite extracts obtained from different strains of micromycetes cultured in two different liquid med ... | 1994 | 7973617 |
| pancreatic carboxylester lipase from atlantic salmon (salmo salar). cdna sequence and computer-assisted modelling of tertiary structure. | we report the isolation and characterization of a 1795-bp cdna fragment encoding atlantic salmon pancreatic carboxylester lipase from salmon pancreas mrna. the nearly full-length cdna contained a 540-amino-acid open-reading frame, encompassing the mature protein (by similarity to mammalian carboxylester lipase enzymes). the salmon carboxylester lipase primary structure shared 58% identity with mammalian carboxylester lipases, lacking the proline-rich c-terminal repeats found in human and rat car ... | 1994 | 8001575 |
| current progress in crystallographic studies of new lipases from filamentous fungi. | lipases from filamentous fungi have been studied extensively over many years. they exhibit properties attractive for industrial applications, e.g. in laundry detergents, tanning and paper industries and stereospecific organic synthesis. enzymes from the fungi rhizomucor miehei and geotrichum candidum have been among the first neutral lipases to be characterized structurally by x-ray diffraction methods. in this paper we report a preliminary account of crystallographic studies of three other fung ... | 1994 | 8029211 |
| analysis of the structure of pseudomonas glumae lipase. | the lipase produced by pseudomonas glumae is monomeric in the crystalline state and has a serine protease-like catalytic triad; ser87-his285-asp263. the largest domain of the protein resembles closely a subset of the frequently observed alpha/beta-hydrolase fold and contains a well-defined calcium site. this paper describes structural analysis of this protein, focusing on (i) structural comparison with the lipase from geotrichum candidum, (ii) the probable nature of the conformational change inv ... | 1994 | 8029212 |
| positional and fatty acid specificities of geotrichum candidum lipases. | geotrichum candidum atcc34614 produces a major (i) and three minor (ii, iii and iv) forms of lipase with similar molecular masses, but different positional and fatty acid specificities. the major and one of the minor (ii) forms were confirmed to cleave both the inside and outside ester bonds of triolein indiscriminately. the non-positional specificity was also retained on 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (pop) hydrolysis. in contrast, the remaining two forms (iii and iv) showed unusual position ... | 1994 | 8029216 |
| fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two antifungal alpha-pyrones from fusarium semitectum. | a strain of fusarium semitectum berk. & rav. from maize stalk rot in southern italy produced bioactive metabolites when cultured on autoclaved rice kernels at room temperature for 4 weeks. the organic extracts of fungal culture showed a strong antibiotic activity towards geotrichum candidum in disk diffusion assays, but they were not toxic to artemia salina larvae. two antifungal metabolites were isolated and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods as two 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-6-al ... | 1994 | 8032694 |
| determination of lipase activity by a rhodamine-triglyceride-agarose assay. | a quantitative fluorescence lipase assay based on the interaction of rhodamine b with fatty acids released during the enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides is described. the assay is linear over the range of 0.5-2 mm oleic acid and 0.05-1 microgram pure lipase. the method allows flexibility in the choice of substrate. a large number of samples can be assayed simultaneously, making it practical for assaying lipase activity in column fractions during purification. the substrate profiles of geotric ... | 1994 | 8080082 |
| antifungal activity of essential oil from artemisia afra jacq. | artemisia afra is indigenous to the eastern highlands of zimbabwe where it is used in folk medicine. hydro-distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of the plant was tested for antifungal activity against 10 fungal species using the dry weight method. the results obtained showed that the essential oil exhibited significant activity against aspergillus ochraceus, candida albicans, alternaria alternata, geotrichum candidum, aspergillus niger, penicillium citrium and aspergillus parasiticus. | 1993 | 8205606 |
| occurrence of antimicrobial activities of bacteria from soybean leaf spots. | bacteria were isolated from leaf spots of field grown soybeans during two growing seasons. the leaf spots yielded up to 4 different species and a total population size of about 10(7)-10(8) bacteria/cm2. the majority of the 192 isolates belonged to the species pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (55%), causing leaf spots of bacterial blight on soybeans, and erwinia herbicola (22%). the remaining isolates included bacteria from other genera, but occurred occasionally. the determination of biological ... | 1993 | 8229675 |
| polymorphism in the lipase genes of geotrichum candidum strains. | the fungus geotrichum candidum produces extracellular lipases. purification and characterization of different lipase isoforms from various g. candidum strains is difficult due to the close physical and biochemical properties of the isoforms. consequently, the characterization of these enzymes and their substrate specificities has been difficult. we have determined the lipase genes present in four strains of g. candidum (atcc 34614, nrcc 205002, nrrl y-552 and nrrl y-553) by molecular cloning and ... | 1994 | 8306978 |
| matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry applied to multiple forms of lipases. | matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry was used to investigate heterogeneous patterns and molecular masses of microbial lipases from penicillium camembertii, geotrichum candidum, and pseudomonas sp. mass spectral peaks of the native, glycosylated lipases from p. camembertii and g. candidum were broader than those of the corresponding deglycosylated enzymes, indicative of heterogeneous glycosylations. the broader peaks in the mass spectra were caused by an overl ... | 1993 | 8317705 |
| application of fatty acid profiles in the identification of yeasts. | in order to develop a rapid yeast identification technique using fatty acid profiles, an extensive survey has been conducted in our laboratory on the long-chain fatty acid composition (clfac) of yeasts representing the endomycetous and basidiomycetous yeast domain. it was accomplished by cultivating the yeast strains under standardized conditions in a synthetic liquid medium. when stationary phase was reached the cells of each culture were freeze-dried and the clfac was examined by gas chromatog ... | 1993 | 8357755 |
| immuno-assay techniques for detecting yeasts in foods. | a brief literature review on immuno-assay of yeast cell wall antigens is given. special attention is paid to extracellular, thermostable yeast antigens (eps), which are released to the growth medium by many yeast species. the eps of saccharomyces cerevisiae and of stephanoascus ciferrii (syn. candida ciferrii) could be specifically and sensitively detected by a sandwich elisa, using an igg raised in rabbits immunized with the eps of these yeasts. the eps elisa of three basidiomycetous yeasts tes ... | 1993 | 8357756 |
| cloning and sequencing of two chromosomal lipase genes from geotrichum candidum. | two chromosomal lipase genes (lip1 and lip2 encoding lipases i and ii, respectively) were cloned from geotrichum candidum by colony hybridization using lipase cdnas as probes, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. both genes contained 5'- and 3'-flanking regions in addition to their coding regions. the coding regions contained no intron, and there was 86% homology between their nucleotide sequences. however, no homology was observed between the flanking regions. the primer extension an ... | 1993 | 8370674 |
| cloning and analysis of candida cylindracea lipase sequences. | lipases (lip) hydrolyze triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. lip produced by the yeast candida cylindracea are encoded by multiple genomic sequences. we report the molecular cloning and characterization of three genes from this family. they encode putative mature 57-kda proteins of 534 amino acids (aa). to date, five lip-encoding genomic sequences from c. cylindracea have been characterized in our laboratory. the five deduced aa sequences share an overall homology of 80%. these sequences ... | 1993 | 8440480 |
| stereoselective hydrolysis of triglycerides by animal and microbial lipases. | in the present paper, a study on the stereoselectivity of 25 lipases of animal and microbial origin towards homogeneous prochiral triglycerides is presented. all the lipases tested catalyse the hydrolysis of the chemically alike but sterically nonequivalent ester groups in trioctanoin and triolein with different degrees of stereobias, depending on the fatty acyl chain length of the substrate (rogalska et al., j. biol. chem. 256:20271-20276, 1990). hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester group is catalysed ... | 1993 | 8448074 |
| relationship between sequence conservation and three-dimensional structure in a large family of esterases, lipases, and related proteins. | based on the recently determined x-ray structures of torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase and geotrichum candidum lipase and on their three-dimensional superposition, an improved alignment of a collection of 32 related amino acid sequences of other esterases, lipases, and related proteins was obtained. on the basis of this alignment, 24 residues are found to be invariant in 29 sequences of hydrolytic enzymes, and an additional 49 are well conserved. the conservation in the three remaining se ... | 1993 | 8453375 |
| 1.8 a refined structure of the lipase from geotrichum candidum. | a lipase from the fungus geotrichum candidum is one of only three interfacially activated lipases whose structures have been reported to date. we have previously reported the partially refined 2.2 a structure of this enzyme. we have subsequently extended the resolution and here report the fully refined 1.8 a structure of this lipase. the structure observed in the crystal is apparently not the lipolytic conformation, as the active site is not accessible from the surface of the molecule. a single ... | 1993 | 8464065 |
| insights into interfacial activation from an open structure of candida rugosa lipase. | the structure of the candida rugosa lipase determined at 2.06-a resolution reveals a conformation with a solvent-accessible active site. comparison with the crystal structure of the homologous lipase from geotrichum candidum, in which the active site is covered by surface loops and is inaccessible from the solvent, shows that the largest structural differences occur in the vicinity of the active site. three loops in this region differ significantly in conformation, and the interfacial activation ... | 1993 | 8509417 |