| hide-and-seek. ebola--and the funds to study it--eludes researchers. | | 1995 | 7652534 |
| vre--a more immediate threat than ebola. | | 1995 | 7660100 |
| [experimental ebola fever in macaca mulatta]. | aerogenic infection of m. rhesus with ebola virus causes in them a disease similar in the principal clinical and virological parameters a grave form of ebola fever in humans, as it is described in literature. rapid development of symptoms of total intoxication in the presence of fever, hemorrhagic diathesis, and high viremia are indicative of the infection severity in monkeys. | 1995 | 7676671 |
| sequence analysis of the marburg virus nucleoprotein gene: comparison to ebola virus and other non-segmented negative-strand rna viruses. | the first 3000 nucleotides from the 3' end of the marburg virus (mbg) genome were determined from cdna clones produced from genomic rna and mrna. identified in the sequence was a short putative leader sequence at the extreme 3' end, followed by the complete nucleoprotein (np) gene. the 5' end of the np mrna was determined as was the polyadenylation site for the np gene. the transcriptional start (3' uucuucuuauaauu..) and termination (3' ..uaauucuuuuu) signals of the mbg np gene are very similar ... | 1992 | 1538192 |
| ebola again. | | 1995 | 7677271 |
| [composition and immunochemical properties of goat immunoglobulins against the ebola virus]. | serum samples containing ebola virus neutralizing antibodies were prepared by prolonged immunization of goats with 10% liver homogenate from guinea pigs infected with ebola virus. differences in igg fractions of normal and hyperimmune caprine blood sera were detected. analytical chromatography on polysil sa and immunodiffusion showed the presence of three igg-containing fractions in hyperimmune sera. immunochemical properties of these fractions were studied by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay and ... | 1994 | 7716910 |
| [isolation of purified ebola virus]. | purified concentrates of ebola virus were prepared by two methods, adsorption on polyethylenglycol-600 followed by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient and ultrafiltration. the ultrafiltration method permits preparation of concentrated ebola virus with better preserved virion structure and infective activity than the traditional method. | 1994 | 7716917 |
| [preparation of rabbit antiserum to ebola virus]. | humoral immunity of rabbits insusceptible to ebola virus infection were studied after challenge with infectious ebola virus and inactivated antigen of this virus. administration of ebola virus antigen induced the production of specific antibodies in proportion with the antigen dose injected. | 1994 | 7716928 |
| outbreak of ebola viral hemorrhagic fever--zaire, 1995. | on may 6, 1995, cdc was notified by health authorities and the u.s. embassy in zaire of an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf)-like illness in kikwit, zaire (1995 population: 400,000), a city located 240 miles east of kinshasa. the world health organization and cdc were invited by the government of zaire to participate in an investigation of the outbreak. this report summarizes preliminary findings from this ongoing investigation. | 1995 | 7739512 |
| [development and application of an immunoenzyme test system for diagnosing ebola fever]. | enzyme immunoassay (eia) test systems for the detection of antigens of and antibodies to ebola virus were developed and tried. the test system for the detection of ebola virus antigens based on direct solid-phase eia detects viral antigens in culture fluid of infected vero cells, in the blood sera, and in homogenates of infected tissues. use of this test system allows detection of at least 10 ng of viral proteins or 5.0 x 10(3) to 1.0 x 10(4) pfu/ml in infectious material. the test system is pre ... | 1995 | 7740786 |
| isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of ebola virus. | we have isolated a new strain of ebola virus from a non-fatal human case infected during the autopsy of a wild chimpanzee in the côte-d'ivoire. the wild troop to which this animal belonged has been decimated by outbreaks of haemorrhagic syndromes. this is the first time that a human infection has been connected to naturally-infected monkeys in africa. data from the long-term survey of this troop of chimpanzees could answer questions about the natural reservoir of the ebola virus. | 1995 | 7746057 |
| update: outbreak of ebola viral hemorrhagic fever--zaire, 1995. | | 1995 | 7746265 |
| chimpanzee outbreak heats up search for ebola origin. | | 1995 | 7754392 |
| ebola haemorrhagic fever in kikwit, zaire. international scientific and technical committee and who collaborating centre for haemorrhagic fevers. | | 1995 | 7760645 |
| [the effect of some physical and chemical factors on inactivation of the ebola virus]. | ebola virus was found to survive multiple freezing and thawing, stable at storage, and poorly inactivated by uv irradiation. at the same time, common disinfectants reliably inactivate this virus. | 1995 | 7762236 |
| filovirus contamination of cell cultures. | the filoviruses marburg and ebola comprise a newly recognized family of viruses. the first filovirus to be isolated was marburg virus in 1967. this virus was imported in shipments of african green monkeys from uganda and infected several cell-culture technicians, with serious illness resulting. the rarity of marburg and ebola virus transmission, decreasing use of imported african monkeys, and quarantine efforts have presumably been responsible for the lack of additional episodes until 1989, when ... | 1992 | 1478345 |
| filovirus clearance in non-human primates. | there has been concern in the usa and europe about filovirus outbreaks in recently imported monkeys, and possible transmission to human beings. healthy monkeys have been found to have low-titre immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) to asian filoviruses (reston and pennsylvania viruses) as well as to the african filoviruses that caused fulminating human outbreaks in the 1970s (ebola [zaire] and sudan viruses). we have assessed whether such monkeys are a risk to man. we studied 42 non-human primates; ... | 1992 | 1354784 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of marburg virus genes 5 and 6 encoding vp30 and vp24 proteins. | nucleotide sequences of the genes 5 and 6 of the marburg virus, popp strain, were determined. orfs encoding polypeptides vp30 (281 a.a., mw 32,640) and vp24 (253 a.a., mw 28,621) were found. the putative transcription start and stop signals for viral rna-dependent rna polymerase were revealed for both genes. overlapping of genes 5 and 6 was shown. the deduced amino acid sequences of vp30 and vp24 proteins displayed significant homology with the analogous proteins of another filovirus, the ebola ... | 1995 | 7773195 |
| update: outbreak of ebola viral hemorrhagic fever--zaire, 1995. | as of june 25, public health authorities have identified 296 persons with viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) attributable to documented or suspected ebola virus infection in an outbreak in the city of kikwit and the surrounding bandundu region of zaire (1,2); 79% of the cases have been fatal, and 90 (32%) of 283 cases in persons for whom occupation was known occurred in health-care workers. this report summarizes characteristics of persons with vhf from an initial description of cases and preliminary ... | 1995 | 7783730 |
| update: management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever--united states. | in 1988, cdc published guidelines for managing patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) (1). pending a comprehensive review of the 1988 guidelines, this notice provides interim recommendations that update the 1988 guidelines for healthcare settings in the united states. this update applies to four viruses that cause syndromes of vhf: lassa, marburg, ebola, and congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever viruses; although the risk and/or mode of nosocomial transmission differs for each of these ... | 1995 | 7783731 |
| ebola haemorrhagic fever. | | 1995 | 7786718 |
| ebola virus. | | 1995 | 7787519 |
| ebola threat eases. | | 1995 | 7787528 |
| a case of ebola virus infection. | in november 1976 an investigator at the microbiological research establishment accidentally inoculated himself while processing material from patients in africa who had been suffering from a haemorrhagic fever of unknown cause. he developed an illness closely resembling marburg disease, and a virus was isolated from his blood that resembled marburg virus but was distinct serologically. the course of the illness was mild and may have been modified by treatment with human interferon and convalesce ... | 1977 | 890413 |
| [the evaluation in hamadryas baboons of the possibility for the specific prevention of ebola fever]. | the protective role of virus-neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in ebola virus-infected animals (papio hamadryas) used in experiments on the development of passive humoral immunity by using specific immunoglobulin. two immunizations of the monkeys with purified concentrated ebola virus antigen with complete freund adjuvant was shown to confirm intensive immunity to subsequent challenge protecting 80% of the immunized animals. it is concluded that effective preparations may be developed for s ... | 1994 | 8017061 |
| [the isolation of hyperimmune horse serum to the ebola virus]. | immunization of horses with ebola virus resulted in the production of specific virus-neutralizing antibody with maximum titres at 28-42 days. repeated cycles of immunization led to a rise in antibody titres to 1:4096. | 1994 | 8017064 |
| [research with the marburg, lassa and ebola viruses]. | | 1993 | 8059520 |
| [ebola hemorrhagic fever]. | | 1993 | 8067102 |
| measurement of antibodies to ebola virus in human sera from n. w.-zaire. | | 1979 | 395911 |
| viral haemorrhagic fevers of man. | this article reviews the current state of knowledge on the viral haemorrhagic fevers that infect man, namely smallpox, chikungunya fever, dengue fever, rift valley fever, yellow fever, crimean haemorrhagic fever, kyasanur forest disease, omsk haemorrhagic fever, argentinian haemorrhagic fever (junin virus), bolivian haemorrhagic fever (machupo virus), lassa fever, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and marburg and ebola virus diseases. | 1978 | 310725 |
| molecular biology and evolution of filoviruses. | the family filoviridae contains extremely pathogenic human viruses causing a fulminating, febrile hemorrhagic disease. filoviruses are enveloped, filamentous particles with a nonsegmented negative-strand rna genome showing the gene arrangement 3'-np-vp35-vp40-gp-vp30-vp24-l-5'. genes are flanked by highly conserved transcriptional signals and are generally separated by variable intergenic regions. they are transcribed into monocistronic polyadenylated messenger rnas which contain relatively long ... | 1993 | 8219816 |
| [the morphological changes in ebola infection in guinea pigs]. | ebola virus reproduction and morphological lesions were investigated in infected guinea pigs by electron microscopy. the liver was found to be the main target organ, whereas in other internal organs the pathological changes were insignificant. ebola virus reproduction was demonstrated only in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. | 1993 | 8236944 |
| [the ultrastructural changes in guinea pig organs during the serial passage of the ebola virus]. | morphological study of internal organs of guinea pigs inoculated with ebola virus at 2-8 passages was carried out. in the course of these passages the number of infected cells and virus particles in the organs was shown to increase, and the destructive changes in organs became more pronounced. in the 1st-3rd passages ebola virus replication was observed in macrophagal cells only but beginning from the 4th passage of virus reproduction was found also in hepatocytes, spongiocytes, and fibroblasts. | 1993 | 8236945 |
| sequence analysis of the ebola virus genome: organization, genetic elements, and comparison with the genome of marburg virus. | sequence analysis of the second through the sixth genes of the ebola virus (ebo) genome indicates that it is organized similarly to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses and is virtually the same as marburg virus (mbg). in vitro translation experiments and predicted amino acid sequence comparisons showed that the order of the ebo genes is: 3'-np-vp35-vp40-gp-vp30-vp24-l. the transcriptional start and stop (polyadenylation) signals are conserved and all contain the sequence 3'-uaauu. three base inter ... | 1993 | 8237108 |
| [infections by marburg and ebola viruses: guide for their diagnosis, treatment and control]. | | 1978 | 150845 |
| ebola protein analyses for the determination of genetic organization. | amino-acid sequencing of the purified major nucleoprotein (np), vp35 and vp40 from purified ebola virus proved that they are the protein products of the first three genes, and that the open reading frame (orf) of the np begins at nucleotide 470. because of the many unusual features of the orfs of ebola virus, we thought that our conclusions should be substantiated. comparisons of in vitro-translation products to purified viral proteins were used to demonstrate conclusively that the np, vp35 and ... | 1993 | 8257297 |
| haemorrhagic fever virus activity in equatorial africa: distribution and prevalence of filovirus reactive antibody in the central african republic. | seroepidemiological surveys were conducted to determine the frequency and distribution of haemorrhagic fever virus (hfv) activity in the central african republic. human serum specimens (4295) were collected from 5 ecologically distinct zones. serological evidence of hfv activity was found in all the zones. the filovirus antibody prevalence (24.4%, 1051/4295) was greater than the combined prevalence for lassa virus, rift valley fever virus and crimean-congo hfv antibody (1.1%, 45/4295; p < 0.01). ... | 1993 | 8266402 |
| filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forest of equatorial africa. | seroepidemiological surveys were conducted to determine the frequency and distribution of filovirus activity among selected ethnic groups inhabiting the tropical forests of the central african republic. 427 serum specimens were collected from hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers living in forest environs in the lobaye district south of the river lobaye and west of the river oubangui. striking serological evidence for filovirus activity was found in both populations. ebola virus appears to be ... | 1993 | 8266403 |
| the yellow fever epidemic in ethiopia, 1961-1962: retrospective serological evidence for concomitant ebola or ebola-like virus infection. | | 1993 | 8337716 |
| marburg virus gene 4 encodes the virion membrane protein, a type i transmembrane glycoprotein. | gene 4 of marburg virus, strain musoke, was subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. it is 2,844 nucleotides long and extends from genome position 5821 to position 8665 (embl data library, emnew: mvrepcyc [accession no. z12132]). the gene is flanked by transcriptional signal sequences (start signal, 3'-uacuucuuguaauu-5'; termination signal, 3'-uaauucuuuuu-5') which are conserved in all marburg virus genes. the major open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 681 amino acids (m(r), 74,797). af ... | 1993 | 8437211 |
| filoviridae: a taxonomic home for marburg and ebola viruses? | | 1982 | 7118520 |
| the vp35 and vp40 proteins of filoviruses. homology between marburg and ebola viruses. | the fragments of genomic rna sequences of marburg (mbg) and ebola (ebo) viruses are reported. these fragments were found to encode the vp35 and vp40 proteins. the canonic sequences were revealed before and after each open reading frame. it is suggested that these sequences are mrna extremities and at the same time the regulatory elements for mrna transcription. homology between the mbg and ebo proteins was discovered. | 1993 | 8482365 |
| use of betapropionolactone inactivated ebola, marburg and lassa intracellular antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assay. | | 1982 | 7049096 |
| [the efficacy of the emergency prophylactic and therapeutic actions of immunomodulators in experimental filovirus infections]. | the study of the preventive and therapeutic action of some immunomodulators (ridostin, reaferon and polyribonate) used alone and in combinations was conducted on laboratory animals infected aerogenically by marburg or ebola virus. it was found that special preventive intranasal and intramuscular administration of ridostin provided protection of the animals infected by marburg virus (p = 0.1) and an increase in their mean lifespan by 2.4 days (p = 0.15). in the ebola infection combined administra ... | 1995 | 8534175 |
| transmission of ebola virus (zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory. | secondary transmission of ebola virus infection in humans is known to be caused by direct contact with infected patients or body fluids. we report transmission of ebola virus (zaire strain) to two of three control rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) that did not have direct contact with experimentally inoculated monkeys held in the same room. the two control monkeys died from ebola virus infections at 10 and 11 days after the last experimentally inoculated monkey had died. the most likely route of i ... | 1995 | 8551825 |
| a comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy for the diagnosis of some haemorrhagic viruses in cell cultures. | yellow fever, dengue (types 1, 2 and 4), chikungunya, rift valley fever, ebola, marburg, and lassa viruses were inoculated into susceptible cell cultures and daily investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) and electron microscopy (em) with a view to achieve an early detection-identification of these agents. compared to the other cell lines tested (vero, bhk-21 and aedes albopictus), cv-1 cells were found to be more sensitive. viral antigens were detected by ifa from a few hours post inoc ... | 1981 | 7024293 |
| plaque assay for ebola virus. | a plaque assay for ebola virus is reported. the procedure has real potential for future research, although it is less sensitive than indirect fluorescent-antibody and mouse inoculation tests. | 1981 | 7014628 |
| ebola-reston virus infection among quarantined nonhuman primates--texas, 1996. | | 1996 | 8602131 |
| marburg, ebola and rift valley fever virus antibodies in east african primates. | sera from 464 primates held at four institutes in kenya were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies against marburg, ebola, congo haemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever and lassa viruses. four of 136 vervet monkeys were positive for marburg virus antibodies and three of 184 baboons had antibodies against ebola virus. one baboon was positive for marburg virus antibodies. two vervet monkeys, three baboons and one grivet monkey (of 56 tested) had antibodies against rift ... | 1982 | 6810518 |
| exotic infectious diseases: marburg/ebola/haemorrhagic fevers. | | 1980 | 6770413 |
| the virion glycoproteins of ebola viruses are encoded in two reading frames and are expressed through transcriptional editing. | in late 1994 and early 1995, ebola (ebo) virus dramatically reemerged in africa, causing human disease in the ivory coast and zaire. analysis of the entire glycoprotein genes of these viruses and those of other ebo virus subtypes has shown that the virion glycoprotein (130 kda) is encoded in two reading frames, which are linked by transcriptional editing. this editing results in the addition of an extra nontemplated adenosine within a run of seven adenosines near the middle of the coding region. ... | 1996 | 8622982 |
| hiv, ebola virus and public health measures. | | 1996 | 8638503 |
| a probable case of ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in kenya. | | 1983 | 6671431 |
| similar structural models of the transmembrane proteins of ebola and avian sarcoma viruses. | | 1996 | 8653783 |
| [diagnosis of fever in a patient returning from black africa (author's transl)]. | the diagnostic problems which arise when fever occurs in a patient returning from black africa are more and more frequently encountered because of the multiplication of rapid connections with this continent. analysis of the main etiologies leads the author to review most of the specifically tropical diseases. however, cosmopolitan diseases should not be underrated. the author emphasizes the high incidence of pernicious malaria, liver amebiasis, and typho-paratyphoid fevers, along with the necess ... | 1982 | 6280318 |
| ebola questions still unanswered. | | 1996 | 8685773 |
| [attempts to develop a vaccine against ebola fever]. | data on the immunopathogenesis of ebola fever in laboratory animals are presented and the efficacy of some methods of vaccine prophylaxis discussed. antiviral immunity induced in guinea pigs by injection of inactivated viral agents did not protect them from infection, whereas injections of a nonlethal strain of the virus in ascending doses led to the formation of immunity preventing the development of disease upon inoculation with a lethal strain in high doses. the role of some viral peptides in ... | 1995 | 8686261 |
| [development and study of the properties of immunoglobulin against ebola fever]. | immunoglobulin to ebola fever has been for the first time prepared from hyperimmune equine blood sera by alcohol fractionation after cohn. preclinical study of the physicochemical and immunobiological properties of immunoglobulin showed that it protects up to 100% papio hamadryas infected intramuscularly at doses of 110 to 29 ld50 ebola virus. scheme for the use of ebola immunoglobulin has been experimentally validated. | 1995 | 8686265 |
| a comparative study of strains of ebola virus isolated from southern sudan and northern zaire in 1976. | during the 1976 ebola virus outbreak in sudan, the investigations team gained the impression that fewer haemorrhagic manifestations and few fatalities occurred during the later stages of the epidemic after the virus had undergone several generations in man. this impression was also noted in guinea pigs experimentally infected with sudanese and zairean strains of ebola virus. the virulence of the sudanese isolates was less intense than isolates emanating from zaire. similar findings were seen in ... | 1980 | 6165800 |
| short report: lack of virus replication in arthropods after intrathoracic inoculation of ebola reston virus. | to evaluate the potential for arthropods to serve as reservoir hosts of ebola virus, three mosquito species, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, and culex pipiens, and a soft tick, ornithodoros sonrai, were inoculated with 1o2.5 plaque-forming units of ebola reston virus. after incubation at 22 degrees c for 11 days, at least six specimens of each species were triturated and examined for evidence of viral replication by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque assay. there was no evidenc ... | 1996 | 8702028 |
| lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with ebola-zaire (mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure. | the source of infection or mode of transmission of ebola virus to human index cases of ebola fever has not been established. field observations in outbreaks of ebola fever indicate that secondary transmission of ebola virus is linked to improper needle hygiene, direct contact with infected tissue or fluid samples, and close contact with infected patients. while it is presumed that the virus infects through either breaks in the skin or contact with mucous membranes, the only two routes of exposur ... | 1996 | 8712894 |
| ebola bar creates monkey shortage. | | 1996 | 8752264 |
| characterization of a new marburg virus isolated from a 1987 fatal case in kenya. | in 1987, an isolated case of fatal marburg disease was recognized during routine clinical haemorrhagic fever virus surveillance conducted in kenya. this report describes the isolation and partial characterization of the new marburg virus (strain ravn) isolated from this case. the ravn isolate was indistinguishable from reference marburg virus strains by cross-neutralization testing. virus particles and aggregates of marburg nucleocapsid matrix in ravn-infected vero cells, were visualized by immu ... | 1996 | 8800792 |
| experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques with ebola-reston filoviruses from the 1989-1990 u.s. epizootic. | this study describes the pathogenesis of the ebola-reston (ebo-r) subtype of ebola virus for experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. the disease course of ebo-r in macaques was very similar to human disease and to experimental diseases in macaques following ebo-zaire and ebo-sudan infections. cynomolgus monkeys infected with ebo-r in this experiment developed anorexia, occasional nasal discharge, and splenomegaly, petechial facial hemorrhages and severe subcutaneous hemorrhages in venipunctu ... | 1996 | 8800793 |
| passive immunization of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys with immunoglobulin from hyperimmune horses. | a commercially available immunoglobulin g (igg) from horses, hyperimmunized to ebola virus, was evaluated for its ability to protect cynomolgus monkeys against disease following i.m. inoculation with 1 000 pfu ebola virus (zaire '95 strain). six monkeys were treated immediately after infection by i.m. infection of 6.0 ml igg; these animals developed passive elisa titers of 1:160 to 1:320 to ebola, two days afer inoculation. however, the beneficial effects of igg treatment were limited to a delay ... | 1996 | 8800795 |
| emerging and reemerging of filoviruses. | filoviruses are causative agents of a hemorrhagic fever in man with mortalities ranging from 22 to 88%. they are enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded rna viruses and are separated into two types, marburg and ebola, which can be serologically, biochemically and genetically distinguished. in general, there is little genetic variability among viruses belonging to the marburg type. the ebola type, however, is subdivided into at least three distinct subtypes. marburg virus was first isolated dur ... | 1996 | 8800808 |
| termini of all mrna species of marburg virus: sequence and secondary structure. | the 3' and 5' ends of marburg virus (mbg)-specific mrna species have been determined using reverse transcription-pcr, rapid amplification of cdna ends, or the reverse ligation-mediated pcr procedure after removal of cap structures with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase. the polyadenylation sites of all mbg-specific mrnas were strictly conserved and corresponded to the predicted transcriptional stop signals of genomic rna. determination of the 5' ends of the mrna species showed that mrna synthesis sta ... | 1996 | 8806574 |
| retrovirus and filovirus "immunosuppressive motif" and the evolution of virus pathogenicity in hiv-1, hiv-2, and ebola viruses. | the "immunosuppressive motif" was found to be present in the glycoproteins of retroviruses and filoviruses. this sequence is also conserved in the pathogenic lentiviruses, hiv-1 and siv, and is absent from hiv-2 gp41 and from an apathogenic simian retrovirus. the present analysis deals with the possible involvement of the "immunosuppresessive motif" in the pathogenicity of retroviruses and filoviruses, and the reasons for the conservation of this motif. the ancestral gene from which the "immunos ... | 1995 | 8828145 |
| haemorrhagic fever in gabon. i. incidence of lassa, ebola and marburg viruses in haut-ogooué. | a serological enquiry aimed at determining the incidence of infection with lassa, ebola and marburg viruses was conducted on the human population of the region of haut-ogooué (gabon) and on primates. the results, obtained by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, showed that more than 6% of the human population had had contact with ebola virus but no antibodies against marburg or lassa viruses were found. most sera reacted to an ebola antigen from a zairian strain, but showed little or no re ... | 1982 | 7164137 |
| differentiation of filoviruses by electron microscopy. | cultured monolayers of ma-104, vero 76, sw-13, and dbs-frhl-2 cells were infected with marburg (mbg), ebola-sudan (ebo-s), ebola-zaire (ebo-z), and ebola-reston (ebo-r) viruses (filoviridae, filovirus) and examined by electron microscopy to provide ultrastructural details of morphology and morphogenesis of these potential human pathogens. replication of each filovirus was seen in all cell systems employed. filoviral particles appeared to enter host cells by endocytosis. filoviruses showed a simi ... | 1995 | 8837880 |
| negative-strand rna viruses: genetic engineering and applications. | the negative-strand rna viruses are a broad group of animal viruses that comprise several important human pathogens, including influenza, measles, mumps, rabies, respiratory syncytial, ebola, and hantaviruses. the development of new strategies to genetically manipulate the genomes of negative-strand rna viruses has provided us with new tools to study the structure-function relationships of the viral components and their contributions to the pathogenicity of these viruses. it is also now possible ... | 1996 | 8876139 |
| marburg and ebola viruses. | | 1996 | 8895830 |
| reemergence of ebola virus in africa. | | 1995 | 8903173 |
| are all diseases infectious? | the complex interactions between microorganisms and human hosts include the well-known, traditional infectious diseases and the symbiotic relation we have with our normal flora. the media have brought to the public's attention many newly described infectious diseases, such as ebola virus hemorrhagic fever, that were not part of common medical parlance a decade ago. while flooding us with interesting and often dramatic reports of so-called emerging infectious diseases, the media have largely igno ... | 1996 | 8928993 |
| inactivation of ebola virus with 60co irradiation. | | 1981 | 7217722 |
| clinical observations in 42 patients with lassa fever. | under continuous observation of several months, 42 patients from the eastern province of sierra leone, liberia (lofa county), and neighbouring guinea were identified as lassa fever cases by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique, indicating that the disease is endemic in these areas. the clinical course varied from mild disease to severe illness with haemorrhagic disorders. the fatality rate was 14%. the occurrence of only two possible secondary cases suggests that person-to-person spread ... | 1980 | 7233535 |
| [ebola haemorrhagic fever: epidemiology, symptomatology, management and prognosis]. | | 1980 | 7392222 |
| perspectives in fatal epidemics. | this article discusses four epidemics of fatal infectious diseases: a 1993 cluster of deaths among previously healthy persons in the southwestern united states that led to the identification of a new clinical syndrome, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; the first epidemic of ebola hemorrhagic fever identified in nearly two decades occurring in 1995 in zaire, which resulted in 317 cases with a mortality rate of 77%; an outbreak of legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers in 1994; and a 1989 ... | 1996 | 8958175 |
| the thucydides syndrome: ebola déjà vu? (or ebola reemergent?) | | 1996 | 8964060 |
| [development of the immunoenzyme test-system for detection of ebola virus antigen]. | an enzyme immunoassay system has been developed for the detection of ebola virus antigen. it permits a highly accurate and sensitive rapid detection of the antigen. optimal dilutions of specific immunoglobulin (1:500, corresponding to protein concentration of 50 micrograms/ml) and conjugate were found. the resolving capacity of the new test system is 1.9 x 10(-7) g protein. | 1996 | 8967072 |
| occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. part ii. | health care workers are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections that cause substantial illness and occasional deaths. despite this, few studies have examined the incidence, prevalence, or exposure-associated rates of infection or have considered infection-specific interventions recommended to maintain worker safety. | 1996 | 8967673 |
| experimental inoculation of plants and animals with ebola virus. | thirty-three varieties of 24 species of plants and 19 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were experimentally inoculated with ebola zaire virus. fruit and insectivorous bats supported replication and circulation of high titers of virus without necessarily becoming ill; deaths occurred only among bats that had not adapted to the diet fed in the laboratory. | 1996 | 8969248 |
| ebola haemorrhagic fever. a summary of the outbreak in gabon. | | 1997 | 9002779 |
| [ebola: "a fatal syndrome"]. | no other clinical entity has attached more attention now-a-day than those precipitated by the infection with a hemorrhagic fever virus. potentially caused by arena, bunya, flavi, and filoviradae, only the latter has had such a major impact throughout the world. two major genuses have been recognized since they become evident for the first time in 1967, the single-species marburg, and the 3-species-ebola (e. zaire, sudan and reston). with the exception of the 2 outbreaks of e. reston (washington, ... | 1996 | 9004731 |
| computer simulations of proteolysis of marburg and ebola-zaire filovirus coded proteins to generate nonapeptides with motifs of known hla class i haplotypes and detection of antigenic domains in the viral glycoproteins. | the primary amino acid sequences of the proteins coded by marburg and ebola-zaire filoviruses were studied by computer programs to search for putative proteolytic cleavages which yield nonapeptides with motifs of binding to known hla class i haplotypes. the computer analyses predicted that numerous nonapeptides with motifs to bind hla class i a68 and a2 haplotypes were detected. a few nonapeptides with motifs hla class i a24, b8, b27 and b35 were predicted in marburg virus proteins. a similar fi ... | 1996 | 9035363 |
| [developing principles for emergency prevention and treatment of ebola fever]. | the authors validate the efficiency of pathogenetic approach to the development of urgent measures for the prevention and therapy of ebola fever. the virus circulating in the body is to be blocked as soon as possible and the impaired functions and systems repaired. therapy of ebola fever should be based on the earliest possible and sufficiently prolonged administration of specific immunoglobulins in combination with pathogenetic drugs. | 1997 | 9103042 |
| isolation and partial molecular characterisation of a strain of ebola virus during a recent epidemic of viral haemorrhagic fever in gabon. | | 1997 | 9111552 |
| identification of the ebola virus in gabon in 1994. | | 1997 | 9111553 |
| isolation and phylogenetic characterization of ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in gabon. | three outbreaks of ebola hemorrhagic fever have recently occurred in gabon. virus has been isolated from clinical materials from all three outbreaks, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the glycoprotein gene of the isolates and virus present in clinical samples has been carried out. these data indicate that each of the three outbreaks should be considered an independent emergence of a different ebola virus of the zaire subtype. as in earlier ebola virus outbreaks, no genetic variability was dete ... | 1997 | 9126445 |
| computational genomic analysis of hemorrhagic fever viruses. viral selenoproteins as a potential factor in pathogenesis. | a number of distinct viruses are known as hemorrhagic fever viruses based on a shared ability to induce hemorrhage by poorly understood mechanisms, typically involving the formation of blood clots ("disseminated intravascular coagulation"). it is well documented that selenium plays a significant role in the regulation of blood clotting via its effects on the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio, and effects on the complement system. selenium has an anticlotting effect, whereas selenium deficiency has ... | 1997 | 9152513 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: outbreak of ebola viral hemorrhagic fever--zaire, 1995. | | 1995 | 7616623 |
| [false-positive reactions in laboratory diagnosis of lassa, marburg, and ebola viral hemorrhagic fevers and aids]. | sera of normal subjects and aids patients living in minsk and odessa were tested for antibodies to hazardous viral infections lassa, marburg, and ebola. four to 16% of examinees were seropositive to ebola virus, 0.8 to 2.3% to lassa, and up to 0.8% to marburg virus. common b-epitopes were found in viruses belonging to different families: lassa, ebola, and hiv. antibodies specific to these viruses antigens were found in the reference sera to influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus, and ade ... | 1997 | 9182402 |
| [effect of inactivated ebola virus on colony forming activity of human hematopoietic stem cells]. | the effect of ebola virus antigen on the growth of hemopoietic precursors was studied. incubation of mononuclear cells with the viral antigen led to a dose-dependent decrease of erythroid colony formation but did not alter the growth of the granulocyto-macrophagal precursors. hence, ebola virus antigen is capable of directly affecting the hemopoietic activity of precursors in man by inhibiting the growth of erythroid colonies. | 1997 | 9182409 |
| emergence of subtype zaire ebola virus in gabon. | gabon has recently been struck three times by ebola hemorrhagic fever. the first isolate originating from the 1994 outbreak has been subjected to molecular characterization of its gp and vp24 genes. sequence analysis demonstrates that the agent, gabon-94 virus, belongs to subtype zaire of ebola virus. the isolate is closely related to the kikwit-95 isolate, and both viruses seem to have evolved from a progenitor virus different from that of the zaire-76 isolates. the relatively close relationshi ... | 1997 | 9185597 |
| global aspects of emerging and potential zoonoses: a who perspective. | many new human pathogens that have emerged or reemerged worldwide originated from animals or from products of animal origin. many animal species as well as categories of agents have been involved in the emergence of diseases. wild (e.g., bats, rodents) as well as draught animals (e.g., horses) and food animals (e.g., poultry, cattle) were implicated in the epidemiologic cycles of these diseases. many of the agents responsible for new infections and diseases in humans were viruses (e.g., hantavir ... | 1997 | 9204308 |
| the origin and evolution of ebola and marburg viruses. | molecular evolutionary analyses for ebola and marburg viruses were conducted with the aim of elucidating evolutionary features of these viruses. in particular, the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions for the glycoprotein gene of ebola virus was estimated to be, on the average, 3.6 x 10(-5) per site per year. marburg virus was also suggested to be evolving at a similar rate. those rates were a hundred times slower than those of retroviruses and human influenza a virus, but were of the same order ... | 1997 | 9254917 |
| [ebola virus disease, a tropical hemorrhagic fever]. | | 1995 | 7618000 |
| emerging and reemerging infections. progress and challenges in the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology. | emerging and reemerging infections are attracting greater attention from the public health and medical communities. pathologists and other physicians are increasingly aware of the importance of the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology as a tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research of emerging infections. in this communication, we describe the role that infectious disease pathologists have played during the last 2 years in broadening our understanding of selected emerging infections, ... | 1997 | 9278604 |
| pathology of experimental ebola virus infection in african green monkeys. involvement of fibroblastic reticular cells. | ebola virus has been responsible for explosive lethal outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in both humans and nonhuman primates. previous studies showed a predilection of ebola virus for cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and endothelial cells. | 1997 | 9278608 |
| ebola haemorrhagic fever. | | 1995 | 7619681 |