| babies of hiv infected women in edinburgh. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was first recognised in children in 1982. this paper describes a paediatric counselling and screening clinic in edinburgh for babies born to women who are human immunodeficiency virus positive. | 1989 | 2927329 |
| challenges in clinical virology (1958-1974): a personal viewpoint. | some of the main challenges i encountered in clinical virology from 1958-1974 are described. in the earlier years there were two main areas of exploration, namely, neurological and respiratory infections. later, tests for hepatitis and for rubella were developed and these diseases became of increasing importance. | 1985 | 2993426 |
| genome analysis of human rotaviruses by oligonucleotide mapping of isolated rna segments. | the genomes of adult diarrhoea rotaviruses isolated in different parts of china during winter outbreaks in 1983 and 1984 were compared by segmental oligonucleotide (on) mapping. the rna profiles of most of the isolates were indistinguishable but it was found that some corresponding rna segments had identical or very closely related on maps whereas others differed considerably. this finding can be taken to suggest that the strains compared may be genetically related by a natural reassortment even ... | 1986 | 3014782 |
| parvovirus infection in a family with wheeze in an adult. | in a family outbreak of human parvovirus infection, a 59-year-old doctor had a prodromal illness with wheeze. this was followed by a distinct acute episode with itch and arthropathy and a two-month phase characterized by intermittent cough and wheeze. | 1986 | 3018240 |
| incidence of chickenpox in adults and recruitment of plasma donors for manufacture of zoster immunoglobulin. | | 1986 | 3024773 |
| human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis. | human parvovirus is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, a mild epidemic illness. in a recent outbreak in northeast scotland, six women had serologic evidence of having contracted human parvovirus infection during pregnancy. two of the women had midtrimester abortions, and both abortuses were grossly hydropic with anemia. they had similar microscopical histopathological features--a pronounced leukoerythroblastic reaction, hepatitis, excessive iron pigment in the liver, and eosinophilic c ... | 1987 | 3025725 |
| influenza and the 'spotter' general practitioner. | the title ;spotter' practitioner has come to refer particularly to influenza surveillance. worldwide, a variety of surveillance schemes have been developed, influenced by local health care systems. in the united kingdom general practitioners can contribute to the royal college of general practitioners' weekly returns service or to national or regional schemes. scotland has had a national system since 1971, supplemented by weekly laboratory returns and local employment and school absenteeism reco ... | 1988 | 3076906 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and drug misuse: the edinburgh experience. | during 1985 many drug abusers who lived in edinburgh were found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a result an alternative counselling and screening clinic for testing for antibodies to hiv was established for use by drug abusers. four hundred and forty one patients were counselled in the first year, and over 60% were either drug abusers or their sexual contacts. one hundred and fourteen (26%) patients were positive for hiv antibody, and 100 (88%) of these were curren ... | 1987 | 3115484 |
| heterosexual spread of human immunodeficiency virus in edinburgh. | heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was investigated in 123 subjects with no apparent risk factor for infection other than having had heterosexual intercourse with a person who was either infected with hiv or at high risk of being infected with it. seven subjects were found to be infected with the virus. risk factors for transmission included being the regular sexual partner of an abuser of intravenous drugs and having a sexual relationship of more than 18 months' dur ... | 1988 | 3126891 |
| hiv antigen and antibody detection: variable responses to infection in the edinburgh haemophiliac cohort. | sequential serum samples from 18 haemophiliac patients exposed simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv 1) in early 1984 were tested retrospectively for serological markers of infection. assay for total antibodies to hiv established that the time to seroconversion might be as long as 110 days after exposure to contaminated factor viii; serum samples were also tested by western blotting, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific antibodies to envelope and core pr ... | 1988 | 3126920 |
| heroin users in general practice: ascertainment and features. | a case-control study of heroin users in general practice showed a prevalence of roughly two per 1000 of the urban population or four per "average" general practice list of patients. a method of studying heroin users who attend general practice was used that has advantages over existing techniques. thirty six heroin users had a statistically significantly higher yearly doctor-patient consultation rate than a group of matched controls. more heroin users also failed to attend appointments than cont ... | 1988 | 3126963 |
| scottish attitudes to aids. | recently many approaches have been used to educate the public about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the impact of various campaigns and interventions is difficult to measure, but some indication of the cumulative effect can be monitored over time. this is a report of the results of such a study carried out in scotland in which the general public's awareness of and attitudes towards hiv and aids were measured in july 1986 and ... | 1988 | 3129121 |
| syringe exchange schemes for drug users in england and scotland. | in 1987 experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to intravenous drug users to help prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus were started by the government. after six months the schemes were found to have been reasonably successful in attracting clients but were less successful in keeping them. it has been shown that equipment can be distributed to drug users on an exchange basis. many of the clients who were attracted to these schemes had had no treatment or other ... | 1988 | 3135891 |
| preventing the spread of hiv in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe-exchange schemes in england and scotland. | in 1987 the uk government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. this paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. the schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients ... | 1988 | 3151932 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report i. the epidemic to 30 september 1987. | the surveillance of the epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the united kingdom is described. up to 30 september 1987, 1067 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of these, 49 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1018 were in u.k. residents. there were 7561 laboratory reports of hiv antibody-positive tests ... | 1988 | 3165108 |
| hiv testing in glasgow genito-urinary medicine clinics 1985-1987. | between 1 march 1985 and 28 february 1987, 1659 patients attending glasgow genito-urinary medicine (gum) clinics were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). forty (2.4%) were positive. thirty-seven of these were homosexual (36/37) or bisexual (1/37) males. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hiv in this group was 3.9% (37/940) and showed no significant increase over the two year period. following the extensive media campaign in october 1986, the total numbers tested eac ... | 1988 | 3187497 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 2. the epidemic to 31 december 1987, with special reference to children. | up to 31 december 1987, 1227 cases meeting the world health organization centers for disease control (u.s.a.) (who/cdc) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k., of which 54 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1173 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8003 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. the upward trend in the number of aids cases by quarter changed in the ... | 1988 | 3264561 |
| diagnosis and patterns of incidence of influenza, influenza-like illness and the common cold in general practice. | the incidence of influenza, influenza-like illness and the common cold during the influenza epidemics of 1972 and 1976 as reported to the weekly returns service of the royal college of general practitioners was examined by three regional areas and by age group. the results of a postal questionnaire concerned with diagnostic criteria used by participating doctors were also analysed. these two analyses were used to explore the validity of these diagnostic terms as reported in the weekly returns se ... | 1988 | 3265157 |
| 'discourses on the human physiology' by alexander monro primus (1697-1767). | | 1988 | 3276993 |
| twinning in human populations and in cattle exposed to air pollution from incinerators. | human populations and animals are often exposed to the airborne pollutants in plumes from incinerators. the incineration of chemical and other waste may release polychlorinated hydrocarbons, some of which have oestrogenic properties. increased numbers of twins had been reported anecdotally in cattle at risk from plumes from two incinerators near the town of bonnybridge in central scotland and also in cattle near a chemical factory in eire. it was decided to follow up these reports in central sco ... | 1988 | 3415922 |
| total body potassium measurement--the effect of fallout from chernobyl. | as a result of fallout from the nuclear accident at chernobyl in april 1986, the caesium radioisotopes, 134cs and 137cs, have been detected in man. a minor consequence of this is that total body potassium (tbk) measurements obtained from the whole body activity of 40k, a naturally occurring radioisotope of potassium, can be overestimated because of gamma spectrum overlap between 134cs and 40k. whole-body activities for 134cs and 40k were measured in 18 healthy adults (13 m, 5 f) in june/july, 19 ... | 1987 | 3427874 |
| plasma catecholamines in pregnancy induced hypertension. | increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the genesis of early hypertension in young people. studies in pregnancy allow observations to be made on evolving, recently established and resolving hypertension in the human. we describe the results of two studies involving women who developed hypertension during pregnancy. in the first study, plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in 17 women with pregnancy induced hypertension (pih) and 1 ... | 1986 | 3486739 |
| salmonella in sewage effluent and the relationship to animal and human disease in the north of scotland. | during the period july 1982 to december 1984, the presence of salmonella organisms was investigated at weekly intervals in the sewage system and abattoir effluent of a town in the north of scotland. three hundred and fifteen isolations, representing 37 different serotypes, were made which included 20 different salmonella typhimurium phage types and four different s enteritidis phage types. ten of the serotypes were isolated from livestock in the district during the survey as well as in the perio ... | 1986 | 3532507 |
| the man behind the eponym. john ferguson smith (1888-1978). | | 1986 | 3544904 |
| john hunter: the first surgical scientist. | john hunter was a brilliant surgeon and teacher, the father of scientific surgery and surgical pathology and founder of the world-renowned hunterian museum. this essay attempts to answer the following questions. who was this man? how did he achieve such a remarkable station? why was he loved by some yet detested by others? when did the poor student start to become the superb teacher? how did he manage to collect the thousands of specimens he left in his museum? what is it about hunter that makes ... | 1987 | 3545417 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: charles bell. the surgeon at waterloo who became a pioneer in neurology]. | | 1986 | 3546982 |
| drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus infection in scotland. | | 1987 | 3612657 |
| the right to security in the exercise of one's own profession. | | 1986 | 3645479 |
| medical aspects of drug misuse during one year in a rehabilitation unit. | the medical work in a voluntary drug rehabilitation unit near glasgow was examined. during one year 174 residents were admitted of whom 103 (59%) developed illnesses which required medical treatment. the need for drug misusers to receive general medical services during and after drug misuse was confirmed. although withdrawal from barbiturate misuse required the prescription of controlled drugs, opiate and other withdrawals were satisfactorily managed with psychological support and general care; ... | 1986 | 3656269 |
| haemophilia, blood products and hiv infection. | between 1979 and 1984, many haemophiliacs in the uk were exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by transfusion of blood products, in particular clotting factor concentrates, especially those imported from the usa. in the uk 1025 haemophiliacs are hiv-antibody-positive, of whom 75 are in scotland. thirty-one uk haemophiliacs have developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), of whom 23 have died. the clinical progress of hiv infection appears similar in haemophiliacs and in ... | 1987 | 3672104 |
| group l beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection in meat handlers: another streptococcal zoonosis? | group l, beta-haemolytic streptococci can cause infection in dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep but there have been very few reports in man. in studies of skin infection in meat handlers we cultured group l streptococci from clinically infected wounds, impetigo and paronychia of 15 patients involved in the slaughter and processing of chickens and pigs. staphylococcus aureus was also present in eight (53%) of the lesions. at least five other infections with group l streptococci in meat and animal handl ... | 1987 | 3678390 |
| sexual orientation, degree of sexual mixing and presence of antibody to human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv) in a group of patients counselled in connection with possible hiv infection. a preliminary note for the period november 1985-september 1986. | | 1987 | 3692842 |
| molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus. | the epidemiology of human rotavirus (hrv) in north-east scotland was investigated between 1982 and 1984. during this period 708 hrv infections were recorded. the majority (83%) of the infections were in children less than 5 years of age although some were recorded in adults. the peak incidence occurred in the winter months although a high number of hrv infections was reported during the summer of 1983. a total of 840 faecal specimens containing rotavirus were screened for hrv genome rna by polya ... | 1986 | 3701041 |
| human 134cs/137cs levels in scotland after chernobyl. | | 1986 | 3774005 |
| measurements of ionic fluoride in milk. | procedures used for measuring ionic fluoride in both human and cow's milk have been investigated. a number of factors were found to affect fluoride ion measurements in milk samples including time, stirring and the method of cleaning the fluoride electrode. following these investigations a procedure was developed for estimating ionic fluoride in milk. human milk collected from a fluoridated area (newcastle-upon-tyne) was found to contain significantly more ionic fluoride (0.065 ppm) than human mi ... | 1986 | 3777836 |
| campylobacter infection in urban and rural populations in scotland. | a review of campylobacter infection in scotland over five years (1978-82), during which 7808 human isolates were recorded (mean annual isolation rate of 30 per 100000), revealed differences in the epidemiology of the disease between rural and urban populations which were not apparent in the national data. the incidence of infection in the two rural areas studied was greatest in the early months of the year, whereas that in the two urban areas showed a third-quarter predominance. in both urban an ... | 1985 | 3839516 |
| salmonellae in sewage sludge and abattoir effluent in south-east scotland. | a survey into the prevalence of salmonella organisms in sewage in the borders region of south-east scotland is described. a total of 317 isolates representing 34 different serotypes were made, of which only 5 serotypes appeared in animals, supporting the view that the spreading of sewage sludge on to pastureland presents little risk to livestock provided the recommended guidelines are followed. nevertheless, salmonella typhimurium phage type 12, identified in sewage, was also recovered from anim ... | 1985 | 3891848 |
| increasing incidence of resistance to gentamicin and related aminoglycosides in salmonella typhimurium phage type 204c in england, wales and scotland. | phage type 204c of salmonella typhimurium (dt 204c) appeared in bovine animals in 1979. it is now the predominant type in cattle in england, wales and scotland and ranks in the 10 most common phage types in humans. all strains of dt 204c have been resistant to at least four antimicrobial drugs. in 1979 and 1980 the most common resistance pattern was that of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim (cssuttm) but since 1981 strains with additional resistance to ... | 1985 | 3904167 |
| a diffusable factor in scottish coagulation factor concentrates can inhibit lymphocyte transformation in vitro. | coagulation factor viii and ix concentrates produced in scotland inhibited human lymphocyte transformation induced by lectins or the recall antigen, purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd). although concanavalin a could bind factor viii directly and pha could bind factor ix directly, most of the inhibition was not due to direct clotting factor - lectin interaction nor to simple toxicity. most of the inhibitory activity from both clotting factors could be removed by dialysis. a similar de ... | 1985 | 3931352 |
| an analysis of 12 months admissions to a regional infection unit with an open door admission policy. | all admissions to the aberdeen infection unit over a period of 12 months have been analysed. forty per cent of the patients proved to have non-infectious conditions although most were referred as having an infectious disease. those patients with infectious diseases were younger and had a shorter stay in hospital. also there was seasonal variation in the time of their admission as well as a low mortality rate when compared with older patients with non-infectious disease admitted over the same per ... | 1985 | 3981024 |
| an epidemiological study of salmonella montevideo by biotyping. | among 622 cultures of salmonella montevideo, 27 biotypes belonging to two biogroups were recognized. one biogroup (10di) was predominant in all animals in scotland but only in sheep in england and wales. the other (biogroup 2d) was responsible for almost all human, cattle and poultry infection in england and wales, but only 24% of human infection in scotland. | 1985 | 4020111 |
| the incidence and significance of salmonella carriage by gulls (larus spp.) in scotland. | salmonella carriage in 5888 gulls sampled by cloacal lavage was found to be 7.8%. marked geographical and seasonal differences in carriage rates were found. these differences appeared to be associated with human population density and seasonal differences in the reported incidence of human salmonellosis. the maximum duration of salmonella excretion in 17 laboratory-maintained gulls was 4 days and the number of salmonellae excreted was never more than 170 per gram of faeces. on the basis of this ... | 1985 | 4067287 |
| double infections with r.s. virus and influenza. | | 1970 | 4098066 |
| cancer of the cervix: a sexually transmitted infection? | it has been established that sexual activity is a major factor in the genesis of cervical cancer. there are 2 current etiological hypotheses based on these observations. the 1st hypothesis stresses the association of cervical cancer with factors related to an early age at 1st intercourse. the 2nd hypothesis stresses the association of cervical cancer with factors related to the multiplicity of sexual partners, not only of the woman herself, but also of her husband. it proposes that malignant ... | 1974 | 4133714 |
| cold agglutinins, the direct coombs' test and serum immunoglobulins in mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. | | 1967 | 4167701 |
| protective effect of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride on influenza a2 infections in the family environment: a controlled double-blind study. | | 1969 | 4187541 |
| congenital malformations and the problem of their control. | the possibility of preventing or reducing the prevalence of human congenital malformations is discussed in the light of current knowledge about their aetiology. the original data presented are derived from an epidemiological study of all the infants (92,982) born in the three years 1964-6 to women resident in a defined area of south wales and all the congenital malformations (3,242) discovered in those infants by the second anniversary of their birth. | 1972 | 4262651 |
| incidence and mutation rates of structural rearrangements of the autosomes in man. | | 1972 | 4262869 |
| respiratory illness and viral infection in an edinburgh nursery. | | 1967 | 4289677 |
| enteroviral etiology of the paralytic poliomyelitis syndrome. | | 1970 | 4323373 |
| virological studies of sudden, unexplained infant deaths in glasgow 1967-70. | virus isolation tests on 72 sudden unexplained infant deaths and 34 cases of explained death showed that 42 and 29% respectively had virus infections. a wide range of viruses was encountered, mainly enteroviruses and adenoviruses, mostly from bowel specimens. the findings did not suggest that overwhelming virus infection was a common feature of sudden death in infancy. | 1972 | 4339953 |
| aetiology and epidemiology of viral croup in glasgow, 1966-72. | a retrospective study of 258 children admitted to ruchill hospital, glasgow, with croup between 1966 and 1972 indicated that the viruses most frequently associated with the syndrome were parainfluenza types 1 and 3 and influenza a. most cases were admitted in the late autumn and winter months, with a small peak in may and june. this seasonal distribution mirrored the circulation of the main causative agents in the community, parainfluenza 1 being principally associated with the autumn cases, inf ... | 1974 | 4371380 |
| infants, children, and informed consent. | obtaining informed consent for non-therapeutic experimentation on infants and children has ethical and legal implications that cause great controversy. there is some danger that worthy research will be inhibited if current ethical codes are interpreted too strictly, yet infants, children, and other vulnerable groups clearly must be protected from exploitation as research subjects. it is suggested that permission from parents coupled with integrity of the investigator will remain the child's best ... | 1974 | 4413853 |
| lead concentrations in human milk. | | 1974 | 4414068 |
| [venereologic experiments in humans]. | | 1974 | 4597506 |
| the non-sporing anaerobic bacteria in human faeces. | | 1974 | 4599664 |
| the use of bite mark evidence as an investigative aid. | | 1974 | 4605356 |
| statistical problems in dental identification. | | 1974 | 4613797 |
| artist versus engraver in william hunter's "anatomy of the human gravid uterus", 1774. | | 1974 | 4619637 |
| towards a human ecology course for first-year medical students. | | 1972 | 4664478 |
| oesophageal and stomach cancer in cattle; a candidate viral and carcinogen model system and its possible relevance to man. | | 1973 | 4724639 |
| variation in human fertility. | data on family size distribution and inheritance are presented. variance in sibship size is in general greater than mean sibship size. the inherited component in the variation appears in general to be small, though not in a scottish sample examined in more detail. changes in family size distribution for social (or other) reasons are considered, together with some of their effects on the change in gene frequency in small populations. | 1973 | 4785871 |
| the relation between diet and the gut microflora in man. | | 1973 | 4791056 |
| sir alexander maccormick: man and surgeon. | | 1969 | 4886347 |
| george cunningham: the man and his message. | | 1969 | 4901989 |
| salmonellosis in man and animals. | | 1970 | 4907248 |
| simpson. the man and his discoveries. | | 1971 | 4930577 |
| genetic variants of human indophenol oxidase in the westray island of the orkneys. | | 1972 | 5036633 |
| there is a time to speak. | | 1972 | 5070851 |
| cowpox in man. | | 1972 | 5074107 |
| who said a health visitor should never be a man? | | 1972 | 5086781 |
| liability from experiments. | | 1971 | 5115842 |
| some factors influencing mortality from influenza. | during the winter of 1969-70 the influenza virus variant a2/hong kong/68 caused an outbreak of influenza in glasgow that was associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. an analysis was made of 135 death certificates in which influenza was mentioned as a principal or contributory cause of death. over half the deaths occurred in patients aged 65 years or over. pre-existing disease, especially cardiovascular conditions, played an important role in influenza mortality. none the less, among ... | 1971 | 5316847 |
| john brown (1810-1882)--edinburgh's medical man of letters. | | 1966 | 5331766 |
| a man with a fine talent for idleness. | | 1967 | 5342402 |
| salmonellosis in man and animals in n.e. scotland. a ten year review--1959-1968. | | 1970 | 5461451 |
| influenza in scotland 1969-1970. | | 1971 | 5555549 |
| severity of influenza (1969-70) in general practice and hospital. | | 1971 | 5565561 |
| canicola fever in man and animals. | | 1966 | 5950758 |
| [on body growth in "grown-up" man]. | | 1966 | 5955626 |
| a scottish-based institute of bioengineering. | | 1967 | 6039525 |
| influenza 1966. | | 1967 | 6042787 |
| circadian acrophases of human 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion referred to midsleep rather than midnight. | | 1967 | 6078965 |
| a study of coxsackie b virus infections, 1972-1983. | the results of a twelve-year study of coxsackie b virus (cbv) infections in patients with a variety of acute and chronic illnesses are reported. cbvs were isolated from only 123 patients most of whom were children with respiratory illness. virus diagnosis in adults was based mainly on the detection of significant rising or static high neutralizing antibody titres. between 1972 and 1979 most investigations centred on patients with suspected viral heart disease, 12% of whom were found to have diag ... | 1984 | 6094660 |
| viral hepatitis markers in blood donors with history of jaundice. | | 1980 | 6102313 |
| cancer, warts, and sunshine in renal transplant patients. a case-control study. | 94 renal transplant patients were examined for the presence of cutaneous malignancies, actinic keratoses, warts, and cutaneous fungal infection, and a history was taken of infection with herpes simplex and herpes zoster. each patient had a control matched for age, sex, and sun exposure. of the 17 patients with high exposure to sunshine (more than 3 months in a tropical or subtropical climate or more than 5 years in an outdoor occupation), 2 had squamous cell carcinoma and 7 actinic keratoses. th ... | 1984 | 6143041 |
| htlv-iii seropositivity in european haemophiliacs exposed to factor viii concentrate imported from the usa. | 77 scottish haemophiliacs and 22 danish haemophiliacs were serologically tested for antibodies to human t-cell leukaemia virus iii (htlv-iii). since 1979 the scottish patients had been treated largely with factor viii concentrate produced in scotland, whereas all but 2 of the danish patients had received both locally prepared concentrate and commercial concentrate made from us donor material. 15.6% of scottish and 59.1% of danish haemophiliacs were antibody positive (p less than 0.001). none of ... | 1984 | 6151053 |
| dignity and medical procedures. | | 1981 | 6166749 |
| association of toxin-producing fungi with disease in broilers. | an episode of suboptimal growth, poor feathering and behavioural abnormalities in broilers in scotland during the winter of 1980-81 is described. this was considered to be associated with mould-contaminated maize and wheat components of the feed, from which fusaria were isolated in persistently high numbers. four species, fusarium culmorum, f tricinctum, f nivale and f moniliforme, were identified. chloroform extracts of the raw materials and of an artificial medium in which three of the fusariu ... | 1982 | 6217625 |
| chromosome variation in perinatal mortality: a survey of 500 cases. | the results of chromosome analyses on 500 cases of perinatal deaths are reported. it was found that 4.8% were chromosomally abnormal, but 90% of the chromosomally abnormal were either clinically malformed or macerated fetuses. of the macerated fetuses, 9% were chromosomally abnormal and of these 33% had trisomy 21. the data suggest that the high loss of trisomy 21 fetuses in later stages of pregnancy is of an order sufficient to explain the discrepancy between the higher numbers of trisomy 21 de ... | 1984 | 6229635 |
| rapid random-donor screening for the selection of viral antibody-containing blood donations. | we describe a 3 1/2 year trial in which we used immunofluorescence to detect and titrate antibody to six common viruses in normal healthy blood donors drawn at random from west and south east scotland. the trial was designed to allow selection of blood donations rich in specific antiviral antibody for inclusion in the plasma pool which would, in turn, be used for the preparation of specific antiviral immunoglobulin. the results show the natural frequency of occurrence of antibody to different vi ... | 1980 | 6255854 |
| viral content of a sewage-polluted intertidal zone. | | 1980 | 6309967 |
| myalgic encephalomyelitis--report of an epidemic. | the relationship between the group b coxsackieviruses and a wide variety of illnesses, particularly pleurodynia and myo/pericarditis, is already well established. the detection of raised levels of neutralizing antibody to these viruses in a group of patients in a rural practice presenting with an illness resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis (me) was therefore unexpected. this is a most distressing and debilitating illness for the patient and the affected family. what is the immunological failure ... | 1983 | 6310104 |
| sporadic myalgic encephalomyelitis in a rural practice. | twenty patients presenting with chronic ill-defined illnesses in a rural practice were investigated virologically. the only positive finding was the detection of elevated coxsackie b titres in 16 of these patients. three had experienced mainly cardiovascular symptoms; the remaining 13 are thought to have suffered from myalgic encephalomyelitis. this is a distressing and often prolonged illness, the cause of which is as yet unknown but is suspected of having a viral aetiology. | 1983 | 6310105 |
| coxsackie b infection in a scottish general practice. | the authors describe 38 cases of protracted illness, characterized by varied multisystem symptomatology. significant antibody titres to coxsackie b viruses, suggesting recent infection, were found in these 38 patients (47 per cent of 81 cases investigated). the syndrome has many of the features of myalgic encephalomyelitis (me), a condition which has frequently been found in closely clustered epidemics but seldom in sporadic or endemic form. the reported cases emerged over a four-year period and ... | 1984 | 6319691 |
| molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses. analysis of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in glasgow and the west of scotland 1981/82 and 1982/83. | the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections in glasgow and the west of scotland during 1981/82 and 1982/83 was investigated by electron microscopy, elisa testing and rna migration pattern analysis. in 1981/82, rotaviruses of both the 'long' and the 'short' electropherotype (in different variants) co-circulated from the onset throughout the winter peak of the outbreak. approximately 80% of the children were infected during the first year of life. no differences in incidence were found betw ... | 1984 | 6323577 |
| modern diseases, seen from a highland practice. an ecological approach. | there is no agreement among scientists on which particular aspects of civilisation are most to blame for the emergence and undoubted increase in western nations during this century of common degenerative diseases. duodenal ulcer, coronary thrombosis, hypertension and other degenerations appear to be as common in quiet rural communities as in the cities. the frequency of these conditions in the scottish highlands where the tempo of life remains slow would seem to rule out stress or psychological ... | 1983 | 6332006 |
| incidence of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli in milk produced in the west of scotland. | antibiotic-resistant esch. coli were found in 10.6% of milk samples collected from 998 farms in the west of scotland. the incidence of both esch. coli and antibiotic-resistant esch. coli in milk was higher when the cattle were housed day and night than when they were outdoors. of the 1125 esch. coli isolates tested 22.2% were antibiotic resistant and of these 42.4% were resistant to more than one antibiotic. escherichia coli carrying up to six resistance determinants were isolated. the possible ... | 1983 | 6343332 |
| milkborne salmonellosis in scotland 1980 to 1982. | in scotland between 1980 and 1982 there were 21 episodes of milkborne salmonella affecting a total of 1090 persons (range one to 654). there were eight deaths, including two children, in people associated with these outbreaks. the problem of milkborne salmonellosis continues to be greater in scotland, where dairy herds on average are larger and a greater proportion of raw milk is consumed, than elsewhere in britain. it is anticipated that legislation requiring the pasteurisation of virtually all ... | 1983 | 6349104 |
| robert liston's life and work in the renaissance of plastic surgery. | liston's background and life during the 19th century are described. highlights in his career are reviewed in an attempt to provide an understanding of the man and his work. his work and his contributions to plastic surgery are presented. | 1983 | 6349507 |