| two early dynamometers. an historical account of the earliest measurements to study human muscular strength. | an account of two of the earliest dynamometers is presented, together with results of the first experiments attained with them. the graham--desaguliers dynamometer was developed in london in 1763 to measure human muscular force, in such a way that synergistic muscles could not impart a false mechanical advantage to the test. the regnier dynamometer was invented in paris in 1798 to measure the traction properties of artillery-horses, but was desinged as an all-purpose instrument to measure specif ... | 1978 | 357684 |
| history of precordial leads in electrocardiography. | precordial leads were first used by waller, whose capillary electroscope was too insensitive to detect the electric forces emanating from the human heart unless the electrode was placed over the precordium as near to the heart as possible. when einthoven developed the elegant, reliable and sensitive string galvanometer, he could record the electric forces of the heart from the hands and feet of the subject without even undressing him. when einthoven's great galvanometer became available, only th ... | 1978 | 359333 |
| balint reassessed: the doctor, his patient, and the illness: a reappraisal. | psychoanalytical theories seek to explain human behaviour. i believe that they are not scientific, whereas it appears that balint thought they were. i suggest instead that they are better regarded as myths and part of an artistic discipline. whereas most of the problems brought by patients to general practitioners can be understood in scientific terms, others can be understood only in artistic terms.these two terms reflect fundamentally different kinds of problems, and different language must be ... | 1977 | 359795 |
| "ring the bell and win a cigar". some early experiments on the measurement of human strength in port jackson and van diemen's land. | the first medical research formally undertaken on australian soil was a series of experiments to test different factors which might modify muscular power. the experiments were conducted by françois péron, a parisian doctor and naturalist, who travelled with baudin's french scientific expedition to nouvelle hollande and terre de diemen. péron used a dynamometer, an instrument for measuring strength. he conducted his experiments at port jackson, and at maria island (in van diemen's land) in 1902. ... | 1978 | 364264 |
| the fault doctrine and injury control. | an analogy is drawn between the fourteenth-century conceptualization of infectious disease and the twentieth-century conceptualization of trauma. in both cases, causality is associated with faulty human behavior which acts as a handicap to progress. it is suggested that the practice of attributing accident causality to faulty behavior restricts the development of preventive activities in three ways: it implies that allocation of culpability is synonymous with identification of cause; it inhibits ... | 1978 | 366162 |
| defenders of human welfare. william blake (1757-1827), poet, and charles dickens (1812-1870), novelist. | | 1979 | 366473 |
| epidemiology of influenza in man. | | 1979 | 367483 |
| a man driven by proticity: peter mitchell nobel prize for chemistry 1978. | | 1978 | 368641 |
| the donation and transplantation of kidneys: should the law be changed? | it is now eighteen years on since the human tissue act 1961, but this legislation is still unchanged in england, scotland and wales. ian kennedy, in this paper, lays before us the law as it is, the problems of its interpretation and his opinion of what government should be doing to help clarify the situation and remove some of the problems which exist daily for the doctors who face the dilemma of seeking consent for transplants at the moment of extreme grief for the surviving spouses or relative ... | 1979 | 372528 |
| skeletal concentrations of lead in ancient peruvians. | the level of biologic lead (expressed as the ratio of atomic lead to atomic calcium) in bones of peruvians buried 1600 years ago was found to be 3 x 10(-8), as compared to 2100 to 3500 x 10(-8) in the bones of present-day residents of england and the united states. the ratio of barium to calcium was 2 to 3 x 10(-6) in bones of ancient peruvians and present-day americans. barium and lead have similar morphologic distributions in organisms, so this discrepancy for lead must result from overexposur ... | 1979 | 372802 |
| fever theory in the seventeenth century: building toward a comprehensive physiology. | physicians in the seventeenth century developed several theories to explain the causes and cures of fever. these theories relied heavily upon the most important physiological discovery of the period, the circulation of blood throughout the human body. in addition, physicians, increasingly emphasized careful observation of their patients' symptoms, in order to develop empirically effective methods of treatment. | 1978 | 373270 |
| false positive reactions in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for legionnaires' disease eliminated by use of formolised yolk-sac antigen. | the indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) technique for the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease was used to investigate an outbreak of respiratory disease in a military population. the outbreak was later shown to be caused by an adenovirus. high titres were obtained using the ether-killed antigen supplied by the center for disease control (cdc), atlanta, but not with a formolised yolk-sac antigen prepared in out laboratory. the reactivity of these sera with the cdc antigen was removed by absorption ... | 1979 | 373553 |
| a man in the middle (trevor clay). | | 1979 | 375204 |
| professor sir charles stuart-harris. | | 1979 | 379839 |
| classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology. observations on certain rheological properties of human cervical secretion: arthur frederick clift. proceedings of the royal society of medicine, vol. 39, pp. 1--9, 1945. | | 1979 | 380344 |
| the origins of modern orthopaedics. | the modern cult of "selfwareness", today so fashionable among young people, calls on past experiences to interpret modern attitudes and reactions; and gives a new credibility to the old latin dictum "historia, magistra vitae". it involves all aspects of human enterprise, not least the professional aspect, which undoubtedly gains by taking account of the contributions of previous generations. orthopaedic surgery is no exception, and those of us who would aspire to a fuller understanding of our sp ... | 1978 | 381249 |
| putting mum in the picture. | | 1979 | 382130 |
| a satire on the influenza of 1803. | | 1979 | 390272 |
| the saintly yet so-human sister dora. | | 1979 | 390509 |
| log-linear analysis of dental caries occurrence in four skeletal series. | four skeletal series (corinth, greece; gran quivira, new mexico; semna south, sudanese nubia, and a large group from scattered sites in england) were coded for sex, jaw, tooth group, dental attrition, dental caries, site and time period. through thec concepts of a basal level of caries and a cariosity gradient, a single model was found which best described the occurrence of this disease in these samples. all factors were found to contribute significantly to the model. within the possible subsamp ... | 1979 | 391060 |
| works of the man: extracts from research papers written or co-authored by sir gordon arthur ransome. | | 1979 | 391132 |
| in and out of medicine. man at the top. | | 1979 | 391341 |
| inhumanity to man. | | 1977 | 410473 |
| a theory of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea. | gonorrhoea is a typical endemic disease. its continuity has been traditionally attributed to the existence of a pool of infected promiscuous women. alternative theories have suggested a dynamic approach which gives equal importance to the man and the woman. models constructed to simulate the epidemiology of gonorrhoea have so far failed to be realistic. an hypothesis that the distribution of infections is limited by the number of opportunities for transmission presented by the pattern of sexual ... | 1979 | 427517 |
| in vitro fertilization: a moratorium is in order. | a moratorium on in vitro fertilization would serve the society. the ivf issue is fraught with moral and legal problems surrounding the subject of ivf experimentation--the embryo--and the effect of this experimentation of individuals, families, and society. | 1979 | 447304 |
| epidemic mechanisms of type a influenza. | the antigenic varieties of influenza a virus isolated from 1968 to 1976 in a surveillance of a small, rather remote population were similar to those from england and wales as a whole, despite frequent antigenic changes during the period. household studies in the first two h3n2 influenza a epidemics found low attack rates within households, a high proportion (70%) of affected households with only one case of influenza, similar distributions of affected households in the two epidemics by the numbe ... | 1979 | 458138 |
| influenza in a geriatric unit. | an outbreak of influenza a (resembling a/victoria/3/75) occurred in 2 geriatric wards in february 1976 and, out of 19 patients, 3 died. of the patients who were at risk, 30% were affected. immunization for influenza in the elderly just before the winter is suggested. the procedure is simple and inexpensive. the recommendations of the dhss (u.k.) for the use of influenza vaccine to practising doctors is, therefore, welcome. the suitable treatment appears to be that of repeated immunization with i ... | 1979 | 461281 |
| genetic polymorphism of human plasminogen. | | 1979 | 475330 |
| retinol content of human livers from autopsies in london. | | 1979 | 504169 |
| some epidemiological aspects of salmonellosis in relation to animal and human health. | | 1979 | 511494 |
| 'red'flu': a study of an epidemic in a girls' boarding school in february 1978. | all the girls at a boarding school who presented with symptoms of influenza were interviewed and examined. their symptoms and signs were recorded and related to age, date of last menstrual period, and previous influenza immunization.the age of the girls had no influence on the incidence of disease, nor did the number of girls in each form. however, the attack rate among those not immunized was 61 per cent and those not immunized 71 per cent. there was a highly significant variation in the incide ... | 1979 | 541788 |
| [demographical evidence of the relaxation of natural selection in man (author's transl)]. | the author studied demographic data from the u.s., france, chile, england, and wales, considering birth rate, mortality, sex ratio and male proportions in quinquennial periods from 1960 to 1977. moreover, the author has assumed that the difference in sex ratio between live births and fetal deaths is due to x-linked mutations, and has estimated the number of males eliminated by differential mortality. results showed that, in correlation with birth rate decrease, there is a trend of relaxation o ... | 1979 | 545561 |
| the electroencephalogram (eeg) as a research tool in human behavior genetics: psychological examinations in healthy males with various inherited eeg variants. i. rationale of the study. material. methods. heritability of test parameters. | in the first section of this paper, various research designs in human behavior genetics are compared. in this context, the commonly used concept of biometric genetics is critically evaluated from the point of view of science theory. it is contrasted with the mendelian gene concept, which, in principle, leads to a much deeper theoretical understanding by offering clues for basic mechanisms. to explore this advantage fully, a research strategy is needed that first looks for genetic variability in ... | 1979 | 570956 |
| human botulism caused by clostridium botulinum type e: the birmingham outbreak. | | 1979 | 575566 |
| patients and staff. | | 1977 | 584404 |
| mothers' rights--any midwives' rights? | | 1977 | 585867 |
| lead in human blood and in the environment near a battery factory. | | 1977 | 588854 |
| lead levels in human placentae from normal and malformed births. | placental lead levels were studied in a series of birmingham births classified by stillbirth, neonatal death, or survival beyond one week. there was an appreciable range of lead levels even in normal births (0.15-3.56 microgram/g) but nevertheless average results showed a pronounced excess of lead in those who failed to survive both birth and the neonatal period. there was no association of placental lead with impaired birthweight among survivors but, in common with other authors, we noted a sea ... | 1977 | 592350 |
| the 'flu-like illness. | | 1977 | 594023 |
| phenylthiocarbamide (ptc) taste sensitivity in selected populations of the isle of man and cumbria. | ptc taste thresholds were determined using a modification of the harris and kalmus sorting technique for 854 cumbrian schoolchildren and 699 individuals from the isle of man. a non-taster frequency of 19.7 percent was observed in the cumbrian sample compared with a frequency of 27.8 per cent in that from the isle of man. analysis of taste threshold distributions revealed significant variability, both within and between these two samples. evidence of significant regional heterogeneity was detecte ... | 1977 | 603225 |
| development of sex-trait stereotypes among young children in the united staes, england, and ireland. | the sex stereotype measure ii (ssm ii), a 32-item revision of the williams, bennett, and best sex stereotype measure, was developed to assess children's knowledge of conventional, sex-trait stereotypes defined by american university students. the procedure employed brief stories and human figure silhouettes which were individually administered to 5- and 8-year-old children in the united states, england, and ireland and group administered to 11-year-olds in the united states. in the united states ... | 1977 | 608361 |
| influenza. the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners. | the ;weekly returns' system for the reporting of infectious and communicable diseases to the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners is described. a detailed analysis of the influenza returns for the winter epidemic of 1975/76 is presented and compared with similar data from the previous ten-year period.this analysis allows the following generalizations to be made which can, to a limited extent, be used as broad guidelines for predictions.in any week in which a rat ... | 1977 | 616843 |
| epidemic influenza in schools. | | 1978 | 620314 |
| single radial haemolysis: a survey of antibody titres in the highland region of scotland to recent strains of influenza a. | the single radial haemolysis test is conveniently practical and economical and promises to have wide applicability in the study of influenza antibodies in human populations. it can also be adapted for preliminary examination of new virus isolates during epidemics. using this test a rather higher proportion of the population in the highland region of scotland were found to possess antibody to a recent epidemic strain of influenza (a/scotland/74) than was the case in the south of england. antibody ... | 1978 | 621377 |
| changes in the seasonality of human mortality: a medico-geographical study. | | 1978 | 644348 |
| atmospheric pollution and lung cancer. | lung cancer is consistently more common in urban areas than in rural. the excess cannot be accounted for by specific occupational hazards but some of it might be due to the presence of carcinogens in urban air. the excess cannot be wholly due to such agents, because the excess in nonsmokers is small and variable. cigarette consumption has also been greater in urban areas, but it is difficult to estimate how much of the excess it can account for. occupational studies confirm that pollutants prese ... | 1978 | 648488 |
| progress towards international reference standards for human serum proteins. | | 1978 | 649622 |
| a case of human rabies in bradford. | | 1978 | 666959 |
| design for the integrated teaching of human anatomy [proceedings]. | | 1978 | 670080 |
| diabetes mellitus and dietary fiber of starchy foods. | the rarity of diabetes mellitus in rural africans and the increased incidence in urban africans suggested that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets might protect against diabetes. conversely it has been suggested that low-fiber starchy food is a diabetogenic factor in susceptible human phenotypes. many years ago experimental studies demonstrated that carbohydrate tolerance was increased in healthy adults if they ate high-carbohydrate diets but was decreased if they ate high-fat diets. from 1940 i ... | 1978 | 707394 |
| a three-year survey of viral hepatitis in west london. | during a total population survey of viral hepatitis in the london boroughs of hounslow, richmond and ealing, 784 patients were seen in three years from 1 march 1972 to 28 february 1975. a diagnosis of viral hepatitis was accepted in 489. the annual incidence was 24 per 100 000. 455 of the patients were tested for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by a radioimmunoassay technique and 93 (20%) of these were positive. the majority of the patients with type b hepatitis were in their third or fo ... | 1978 | 715174 |
| influenza and ischaemic heart disease--a possible trigger for acute myocardial infarction? | prompted by a clinical observation of an increase in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction during an influenza outbreak, a study was designed to examine the number of deaths from ischaemic heart disease (ihd) at the time of influenza. deaths from ihd were found to be increased at all ages, and particularly in younger age groups when deaths attributed specifically to acute myocardial infarction are considered. the question of whether influenza could act as a precipitating factor in ... | 1978 | 721358 |
| recent experience of influenza. | | 1978 | 731619 |
| ill defined neurological diseases of possible viral origin. | any approach towards elucidating the aetiology of an ill defined disease such as 'epidemic neuromyasthenia' has to be a comprehensive and wide-ranging one. although viruses must be strong candidates, by reason of their ubiquity, this need not necessarily be the case and we have recently seen the onset of legionnaires' disease as a new entity caused by a bacterium. we do not always recognize that a particular virus may affect the entire community and that the patient seen in hospital may represen ... | 1978 | 746022 |
| the mathematical modelling of influenza epidemics. | | 1979 | 760930 |
| william farr: founder of modern concepts of surveillance. | considerable confusion surrounds the use of the term surveillance in the context of public health but the principles underlying all uses are as old as epidemiology itself. william farr has contributed more than anyone else to the development of these principles and to the demonstration of their value in practice on a large scale. this paper re-examines the basic tenets which guided him and the methods and techniques which he developed in the hope of reviving insights and resetting standards that ... | 1976 | 770352 |
| pott and the path to prevention. | two hundred years ago, percival pott, a london surgeon, recognized that chimney sweeps were particulary liable to develop scrotal cancer and attributed the disease to exposure to soot. by so doing, he described the first environmental cause of cancer and started the chain of events that led to the first experimental production of cancer, the first synthesis of a carcinogen, and the first isolation of a carcinogen from a natural substance. following these laboratory successes, the main object of ... | 1975 | 773336 |
| the distribution of serotypes of escherichia coli in cow-pats and other animal material compared with serotypes of e. coli isolated from human sources. | the serotypes of 13,139 strains of escherichia coli isolated from humans were compared with the serotypes of 1076 strains isolated from animals. 689 of these strains were isolated from fresh cow-pats on 22 sites in england and wales. 708 different o/h combinations were found. of these, 520 were found in human strains only, 130 from animal strains only and 58 o/h serotypes from humans and animals. approximately half of the animal strains could not be typed with the full set of sera used. | 1976 | 778259 |
| the distribution of o-antigen types of escherichia coli in normal calves, compared with man, and their r plasmid carriage. | | 1976 | 780334 |
| natural challenge of subjects vaccinated with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in a residential community. | in the spring of 1975 an outbreak of influenza associated with influenza virus a/scotland/840/74 virus occurred in a residential college where the previous autumn some students had been immunised with a single intranasal dose of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated infleunza virus vaccine. during the outbreak none of seven students who had been vaccinated suffered from influenza but an influenzal illness did occur in four of eleven who had received placeb ... | 1976 | 782969 |
| the great and glorious masterpiece of man. | | 1976 | 785168 |
| the intractability of one man: hunterian controversies. | | 1976 | 785370 |
| the man behind the name: james parkinson, 1755-1824. | | 1976 | 785393 |
| betty fothergill and her "uncle doctor". an intimate glimpse of dr. john fothergill. | john fothergill, m.d., (1712-1780) was one of the best-known physicians in london in the 18th century. he was a botanical collector, a philanthropist, and an active member of the society of friends. he entertained and advised a series of young doctors from the american colonies and strove with his friend, benjamin franklin, to avert the revolutionary war, albeit unsuccessfully. a rare glimpse of dr. fothergill, the man, and his domestic life is given in the diary of his 17-year-old niece, betty ... | 1976 | 791043 |
| swine influenza: history and recommendations for vaccination. | | 1976 | 792372 |
| the man behind the name: richard bright: 1789-1858. | | 1976 | 794840 |
| physician contributions to nonmedical science: sir grafton elliot smith and piltdown man. | | 1976 | 802076 |
| streptococcal infection in young pigs. iv. an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in weaned pigs. | twenty-eight pigs died in an outbreak of streptococcal meningitis in an east anglian herd. most were 10-14 weeks old. the outbreak lasted from january to april and was finally controlled by antibiotic therapy. a similar number of losses had occurred in the previous year though no diagnosis had then been made. the causal agent appeared to be a haemolytic streptococcus belonging to group d and provisionally designated streptococcus suis type 2. it is probably identical with de moor's group r strep ... | 1975 | 807620 |
| the immunology and epidemiology of influenza virus. | | 1975 | 812859 |
| listeriosis. | four patients with listeria monocytogenes infection are presented; three of whom had associated lymphoproliferative disorders. two of the four patients had listeria meningitis. meningitis is the most common manifestation of listeriosis in humans. specific diagnosis depends on demonstrating listeria monocytogenes in the cerebral spinal fluid; differentiation from other forms of acute meningitis cannot be made clinically. although listeriosis is recognized as a major global problem in both human a ... | 1976 | 817600 |
| daily mortality and environment in english conurbations. air pollution, low temperature, and influenza in greater london. | with the decline in concentrations of suspended particulate pollution in greater london the association seen in the 1950s and early 1960s between daily mortality and air pollution in the conurbation is no longer apparent. associations between unusually cold weather and short-term increases in mortality have been noted; there appears to be a tendency for influenza epidemics to follow cold spells. | 1977 | 851696 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an english patient with diabetes mellitus. | histoplasma capsulatum is not endemic in britain. we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an english man who had not ventured out of northern europe for 30 years. the disease presented as painful mouth ulcers and hepatosplenomegaly six months after he had developed maturity-onset diabetes. the origin of the infecting fungus may have been from within the united kingdom or alternatively it may have existed as an intraoral saprophyte for over 30 years. | 1977 | 851818 |
| is cowpox misnamed? a review of 10 human cases. | twelve separate outbreaks of confirmed cowpox, 10 involving humans, were reviewed. six of the patients, including three children, had severe infections and five were admitted to hospital. in three outbreaks both people and cows were affected but it was not known how the infections entered the herds. in seven outbreaks no direct contact with cattle was established and clinical and serological examination failed to show evidence of cowpox in the bovine population. comparison of these data with inf ... | 1977 | 861644 |
| salmonellae in waterways in north yorkshire associated with human and animal effluent. | | 1977 | 882632 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza in england and wales. | | 1977 | 892976 |
| evidence for a secular increase in human brain weight during the past century. | 7397 post-mortem records have been studied. these comphrhend all 20- to 50-year old men and women who had been autopsied in the london hospital since 1907. fresh brain weight, body weight and height were abstracted and analysed statistically according to sex and to year of birth, any person with a cerebral or skeletal abnormality having been excluded. fresh brain weight in men increased gradually by an average of 0-66 g per year from a mean of 1372 g for those born in 1860 to 1424 g in 1940-a to ... | 1977 | 900889 |
| environmental effects on antipyrine half-life in man. | | 1977 | 913037 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine against challenge with influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. | for evaluation of heterologous protection by live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, 42 healthy volunteers with low titers of or no antibody to a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza viruses were given live attenuated a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine or placebo by the intranasal route with no resultant vaccine-related illness. seventeen of 21 vaccine recipients and none of 21 placebo recipients developed antibody conversion. thirty-seven days after administration of vaccin ... | 1977 | 925382 |
| the general medical council: frame of reference or arbiter of morals? | many members of the public think of the general medical council (gmc) as the body which tries doctors: the doctors' law courts, as it were. and, except in the more sober of newspapers and news reports, the 'offences ' which receive the most publicity are those concerning alleged improper relations between doctors and patients. professor sir denis hill, in the following paper, which he read in the spring of this year to the annual conference of the london medical group devoted to a discussion of ... | 1977 | 926129 |
| the teaching of medical ethics. | the subject of medical ethics is intended to run like a thread throughout the whole undergraduate period at the nottingham medical school which was established in 1970, the first such foundation in britain this century. dr j s p jones, who is the clinical subdean, and dr d h h metcalfe,of the department of community health, describe the plan of the course leading to qualifying, and how the thread of medical ethics has been woven into that fabric. the final objective of the course is to train men ... | 1976 | 940142 |
| observations on the a2 england influenza epidemic: a clinicopathological study. | a clinicopathological study of the 1972-1973 a2 england influenza epidemic is presented. in fatal cases early necrosis of myofibrils was present in those patients who died within 24 hours of the onset of the influenza symptoms. at 5 days gross changes were present. these were largely resolved by the eighteenth day of illness. in 42 patients treated at home, transient ecg changes were found in 18 cases. these included st-segment deviation, t-wave inversion, flattening of the t wave, sinus bradyca ... | 1976 | 949023 |
| breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections. | eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this difference was statistically significant. twenty-one specimens of human colostrum were examined, and all contained rs virus neutralising activity. specific iga and igg were detected in 18 specimens, whereas igm was detected in none. the titre of iga antibody was usually higher and correlated more closely to the titre of neutralising activity ... | 1976 | 953560 |
| lack of breast feeding and early weaning in infants of asian immigrants to wolverhampton. | fifty asian immigrant mothers who would have expected to breast feed their infants had they remained in rural asia were studied. there was a striking reduction in the incidence and duration of breast feeding on arrival in the united kingdom, and a fall in the age of weaning. the availability of an alternative to human milk is the most important factor reducing the incidence of breast feeding. only 2 (4%) of the 46 infants followed prospectively were breast fed. reasons for not breast feeding wer ... | 1976 | 962370 |
| severe echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit. | an epidemic of echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit affecting 12 babies with one death is described. with one exception it was confined to the neonatal unit and medical and nursing staff were also affected. the unit was closed for 9 days, then was disinfected, and there was no recurrence. | 1976 | 962375 |
| study of disease associations from linked records. | comparisons are made between the principal diagnosis on discharge from hospital in successive periods of inpatient care for persons in the oxford record linkage study area admitted over a period of years. the observed numbers of pairs of diagnoses are compared with expected numbers computed to take account of the discharge rates in the population by age and sex and the number of man years of exposure. three topics have been selected to display some of the types of analysis possible with the very ... | 1976 | 974433 |
| human values in medical education. | attitudes and values in medicine vary with the nature of the individual, his education and training, and the circumstances of his professional life. comparisons are drawn between medical education in britain 40 years ago and today. though education has changed, british students are still mainly motivated by a desire to care for sick people. the impact of personal medicine on a country that has long accepted the need for some kind of national health service is described. it is postulated that as ... | 1976 | 984621 |
| causes of cervical carcinoma: new ideas. | there are many features of cervical cancer that distinguish it from other common human cancers. it is extraordinarily sensitive to environmental variation, thus coming under early notice by the epidemiologists. its accessibility and the introduction of aids to visualization, such as the colposcope, have enabled us to combine the methods of epidemiology and molecular biology in studying disease. this combination may well untangle one of the more serious conceptual problems in contemporary biology ... | 1976 | 989474 |
| medical migration: go east, young man. | | 1976 | 1000258 |
| president's address. the flux of infection. | | 1976 | 1005457 |
| sex dependence of human intracranial gliomata. | the age and sex distribution of 1223 cases of intracranial gliomata, diagnosed in the geographical area covered by the mersey regional cancer registry over the period 1961-70, are analysed. in children and adults, the intracranial gliomata predominates in males, the tumour incidence figures indicating a ratio of 3 : 2. for young adults, the tumour incidence increases with age and is approximately the same in males and females. it is not until the age group 45-49 years is reached that the tumour ... | 1976 | 1008994 |
| the establishment of a programme of artificial insemination by donor semen within the national health service. | a human semen bank has been established in nottingham for artificial insemination using donor semen (aid). frozen semen has been used for all inseminations. the introduction and organization of such a programme within the national health service is described. six pregnancies have so far been confirmed and two normal infants have been delivered. | 1976 | 1009030 |
| a method of measuring the temporal/distance factors of gait. | there exist many clinical situations where it is desirable to have some measure of a patient's ability to walk. the complex nature of human locomotion is reflected by the number of parameters that have been measured in previous studies of gait analysis. the temporal/distance factors of gait have been found to be extremely useful as a measure of a person's functional mobility. this paper describes a system which has been developed to measure these parameters of gait. | 1976 | 1016677 |
| private care for the working man. | | 1976 | 1047379 |
| aconitase polymorphism in man. | 1. an electrophoretic method is described which resolves two groups of aconitase isozymes in human tissues, one group corresponding to the mitochondrial and the other to the soluble enzyme. this method has been used to screen human populations for electrophoretic variation. 2. variant phenotypes of both the mitochondrial and the soluble aconitase are described, and family studies and sib-pair data demonstrate that the variation is genetically determined. 3. the variant isozyme patterns are accou ... | 1975 | 1052766 |
| distributions of symmetric and asymmetric patterns of caries attack in human permanent mandibular incisor teeth: genetic implications. | | 1975 | 1054564 |
| outbreaks of bovine salmonellosis caused by serotypes other than s. dublin and s. typhimurium. | outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by serotypes other than s. dublin and s. typhimurium were investigated on 41 farms in north-west england. of these, 37 (90 per cent) were in dairy cows. there was strong circumstantial evidence that contaminated dairy cake was the source of infection in at least four herds and probably many more. twenty-six serotypes were encountered with s. newport, the commonest, causing the most severe disease. most cattle seemed to rid themselves of infection during the foll ... | 1975 | 1054726 |
| trends in salmonella food poisoning in england and wales 1941-72. | cattle and pig herds and flocks of domestic fowl have formed the main reservoir of human salmonella food poisoning in england and wales from 1941 to 1972. changes in the incidence of human salmonella food poisoning and in the serotypes of salmonellas isolated from human infections are shown to have been associated with the introduction of new foods, with changes in animal husbandry, and with changes in the relative proportions of flesh food from different species consumed. new foods, dried powde ... | 1975 | 1054731 |
| epidemic of echovirus 19 in the north-east of england. | we report the first large-scale outbreak of echovirus 19 infection. it occurred in the north-east of england during the summer and autumn of 1974. the virus was isolated from 268 patients in the region. the infection spread from the urban to more rural areas, reaching a peak in mid-august. males were affected more often than females in the ratio 1-6:1. half of the patients were under eight years of age, relatively few were over 35 years. aseptic meningitis and upper respiratory infections were t ... | 1976 | 1063219 |
| the relationship between strontium in water supplies and human tooth enamel. | | 1976 | 1069581 |
| human and ape dental arches. | | 1976 | 1071423 |