| aids (hiv) risk assessment in an inner-city women's clinic. | risk assessment and antibody testing are potential modalities through which interventions to reduce heterosexual and perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can occur. more than 98% of women attending inner-city adult gynecology, adult contraception and teen family planning clinics successfully completed self-administered hiv (aids) risk assessment questionnaires and received individual counseling, risk-reduction education and referral for antibody testing. fourteen percent ... | 1992 | 1453406 |
| men's disclosure of hiv test results to male primary sex partners. | we evaluated disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody status to a main sex partner and the impact on the relationship in men who have sex with men and who are enrolled in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) community demonstration projects cohorts. eighty-nine percent of both seronegative and seropositive men disclosed the results to their main sex partner. seventy percent of the seronegative men and 82% of the seropositive men who did so reported that the relationship ... | 1992 | 1456347 |
| regulation of priority carcinogens and reproductive or developmental toxicants. | in california, 370 carcinogens and 112 reproductive/developmental toxicants have been identified as a result of the state's safe drinking water and toxic enforcement act of 1986. they include pesticides, solvents, metals, industrial intermediates, environmental mixtures, and reactive agents. occupational, environmental, and consumer product exposures that involve these agents are regulated under the act. at levels of concern, businesses must provide warnings for and limit discharges of those che ... | 1992 | 1463026 |
| continued monitoring for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in california. | | 1992 | 1471252 |
| basis for regulation of selenium supplements in animal diets. | selenium was discovered 174 yr ago but, until 1957, was given little notice by biologists or was vilified as an agent that caused toxicity in grazing ruminants and horses in the northern great plains. after its status as an essential nutrient was established, se received intense scrutiny, and hundreds of papers have been published dealing with its metabolic functions and the consequences of a se deficiency. because regions of se deficiency are so extensive in the united states, great efforts hav ... | 1992 | 1474028 |
| the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the distribution and outcome of pneumonia in intensive care units. | to determine the frequency and distribution of pneumonia in an intensive care unit (icu), we retrospectively examined the records of 1,854 consecutive icu admissions between january 1987 and april 1990. a total of 266 patients met criteria for pneumonia (unilateral or bilateral infiltrate by chest roentgenogram, plus 2 of the following: leukocyte count > 10 x 10(9) per liter, temperature > 38.5 degrees c, or culture of blood or sputum positive for pathogens). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pa ... | 1992 | 1475945 |
| an experiential program to reduce aids risk among female sex partners of injection-drug users. | this article describes the development and implementation of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) intervention program for female sex partners of male injection-drug users. four psychoeducational workshops were designed to motivate personal risk reduction, provide participants with necessary cognitive and behavioral skills, and enhance participants' perceived ability to enact positive changes in their lives. the development of the workshop modules was guided by traditional theories of h ... | 1992 | 1478552 |
| anorectal and esophageal anomalies with down syndrome. | | 1992 | 1481862 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1991. | in 1991, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control. ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeas ... | 1992 | 1483899 |
| ecology of mosquitoes and st. louis encephalitis virus in the los angeles basin of california, 1987-1990. | st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus has become established in the los angeles basin of california, where it most likely is maintained by horizontal transmission among culex tarsalis coquillet and passerine birds in park-riparian habitat. viral transmission also was detected at low levels in residential habitat by the infrequent seroconversion of sentinel chickens. sle virus activity was documented in all months except march and april. cx. tarsalis was incriminated as the primary vector, based on ... | 1992 | 1495066 |
| ucla team narrows location of gene for ataxia telangiectasia. | | 1992 | 1533136 |
| evaluation of domestic pigeons as sentinels for detecting arbovirus activity in southern california. | flocks of sentinel domestic pigeons (columbia livia) detected increases in st. louis encephalitis (sle) and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus activity in southern california concurrently with flocks of sentinel chickens. however, occasional low-titered, transient seroconversions to both wee and sle viruses also occurred in pigeons during periods when virus activity was not detected by seroconversions in sentinel chickens, by virus isolation from culex mosquitoes, or by human disease. ... | 1992 | 1536386 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-type 1 in a northern california health plan population: an unlinked survey. | we conducted an unlinked seroprevalence survey for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (hiv-1) of 9821 persons who had a routine personal health appraisal examination in 1989 while members of the kaiser permanente medical care program in northern california. an outside laboratory performed enzyme immunoassay (eia) analyses, and the california viral and rickettsial diseases laboratory confirmed eia-reactive samples by immunofluorescent assay and western blot assay. only 20 specimens (0.2%) were c ... | 1992 | 1546773 |
| fear of dying and hiv infection vs hepatitis b infection. | accidental exposure to the blood of hepatitis b patients produced less fear than does accidental exposure today to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), even though both have an approximately equal overall risk of death (approximately 1%). subjects responding to hypothetical insect-exposure and disease-exposure scenarios chose to avoid the hiv-type risk of 1% chance of exposure/100% chance of death. fear of certain death seems to account for the greater concern about exposure to hiv than to he ... | 1992 | 1546780 |
| establishing a model pet loss support hotline. | | 1992 | 1548155 |
| argas (argas) monolakensis, new species (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae), a parasite of california gulls on islands in mono lake, california: description, biology, and life cycle. | argas (argas) monolakensis, n. sp., is described from adults, nymphs, and larvae collected from under and around nests of california gulls, larus californicus lawrence, on islands in mono lake, mono county, calif., and from specimens reared in the laboratory. this species is closely related to a. cooleyi kohls & hoogstraal, a parasite of cliff swallows, hirundo pyrrhonota vieillot, but is easily distinguished by hypostome dentition and roof of haller's organ in all stages and chaetotaxy of the l ... | 1992 | 1552533 |
| uncertainties in health-risk assessment: an integrated case study based on tetrachloroethylene in california groundwater. | population risk to an environmental contaminant is represented as the product of a source term; the exposure function, which converts the source into a lifetime-equivalent contact rate in the population; the fraction metabolized; the toxic potency associated with the delivered dose; and the size of the exposed population. using case studies for contamination of groundwater in california with tetrachloroethylene (pce), the combined uncertainty in exposure and dose-response models is characterized ... | 1992 | 1553416 |
| a comparison of hiv-1, hbv, and htlv-i/ii seroprevalence rates of injured patients admitted through california emergency departments. | to determine the seroprevalence rates of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv-i/ii) and to compare these rates with the hiv-1 seroprevalence rate in a sample of injured patients admitted through ten california emergency departments. | 1992 | 1554177 |
| prioritizing candidate reproductive/developmental toxicants for evaluation. | to provide a rational method for the timely evaluation of possible reproductive/developmental toxicants, a prioritization scheme was developed by the california department of health services to select chemicals for consideration by the proposition 65 scientific advisory panel. initially, four ascertainment methods were used to identify and construct a master list of 164 candidate agents. using two criteria, the potential for human exposure and the perceived reproductive/developmental hazard as j ... | 1992 | 1562806 |
| hormone pattern in pharmacologically feminized male transsexuals in the california state prison system. | the hormonal profile of 40 transsexual inmates from a pool of 86 inmates in the california state prison system was studied before and after therapy with feminizing hormones. clinical and social data were obtained on all 86 inmates; the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity was examined in 76 of the 86 individuals. despite similar degrees of feminization in all 40 individuals in whom hormonal studies were performed, variable suppression of serum testosterone concentration ... | 1992 | 1578499 |
| occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus: a comparative analysis of risk. | to estimate the occupational risk from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in terms of loss of (quality-adjusted) life expectancy, and to compare that risk to those posed by other hazards faced by health care workers. | 1992 | 1580297 |
| impact of height and weight on life span. | the study was conducted to evaluate one aspect of the entropy theory of aging, which hypothesizes that aging is the result of increasing disorder within the body, and which predicts that increasing mass lowers life span. the first evaluation of the impact of human size on longevity or life span in 1978, which was based on data for decreased groups of athletes and famous people in the usa, suggested that shorter, lighter men live longer than their taller, heavier counterparts. in 1990, a study of ... | 1992 | 1600586 |
| lyme disease in california: a novel enzootic transmission cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | knowledge of zoonotic transmission cycles is essential for the development of effective strategies for disease prevention. the enzootiology of lyme disease in california differs fundamentally from that reported from the eastern united states. woodrats, not mice, serve as reservoir hosts, and ixodes neotomae, a nonhuman-biting tick, maintains the agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in enzootic cycles. the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, is the primary vector to humans, but i ... | 1992 | 1604318 |
| maxillary canine/third premolar transposition in a prehistoric population from santa cruz island, california. | canine/premolar transposition is rare in both historic and prehistoric homo sapiens with a known occurrence of less than 0.10%. this report describes a prehistoric population sample from one site (scri-3) on santa cruz island, california in which the rate of c/p3 transposition is greater than eight percent, based on nine of 106 adult crania which exhibit the anomaly either uni- or bilaterally. as a means of investigating the etiology of this anomaly, the location of the canine root in adult cran ... | 1992 | 1605313 |
| human rabies--california, 1992. | on may 8, 1992, an 11-year-old boy died of rabies encephalitis in fresno county, california. this was the 10th case of human rabies in the united states since 1980 known to be acquired outside the country and the first case reported in california since 1987. this report summarizes the investigation of the case. | 1992 | 1608395 |
| communication campaigns to change health-related lifestyles. | the north karelia project in finland and the stanford heart disease prevention program in california are 2 communication campaign examples for achieving health-related life styles. in 1972, health workers began a heart disease risk reduction program in north karelia which had the highest levels of cardiovascular disease in finland which in turn had the highest rate in the world as a pilot project to test the feasibility of involving the local community. in 1971, the stanford heart disease prog ... | 1992 | 1618514 |
| epidemiologic studies on human and feline toxoplasmosis. | human serological profiles, and feline serological and fecal profiles were used to study the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in santa clara county, california. the prevalence of human toxoplasmosis was determined to be 42.9% in a test population of 147 women. the prevalence of feline toxoplasmosis was indicated to be 34.8% based on serological analysis of 158 felines. of 107 cats tested, 6.5% were shedding toxoplasma gondii - like oocysts in their feces. statistical analyses of questionnaire data ... | 1992 | 1619292 |
| first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in southern california. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, was isolated from the blood of a dusky-footed wood rat, neotoma fuscipes baird, in the san bernardino mountains of southern california. antigenic, protein, and molecular analyses demonstrated that the isolate varied slightly from most isolates of b. burgdorferi from northern california and was clearly distinct from other species of borrelia that are endemic to the state. this is the first reported iso ... | 1992 | 1625299 |
| compliance with infection control procedures among california orthodontists. | we conducted a survey of a random sample of california orthodontists and of general dentists to compare their infection control procedures. questionnaires were returned by 124 orthodontists (56% response rate) and 126 general dentists (61% response rate). eighteen questions were asked covering practice profile, perception of risk from hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), exposure to blood, barrier protection used, and sterilization and disinfection procedures. gloves a ... | 1992 | 1626533 |
| risk of needlesticks and occupational exposures among residents and medical students. | occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease is a problem of concern to all health care workers, especially those in large urban teaching hospitals with large numbers of hiv-positive patients. | 1992 | 1627024 |
| typhus and typhuslike rickettsiae associated with opossums and their fleas in los angeles county, california. | the recent discovery of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) infected with a typhuslike rickettsia (designated the elb agent) raises the question of whether similar rickettsial infections exist in wild cat flea populations. we verified the presence of the elb agent and rickettsia typhi in urban and suburban areas of los angeles, calif. opossums trapped in close proximity to the residences of human murine typhus cases in los angeles county and other areas within the city of los angeles were tested f ... | 1992 | 1629332 |
| the nuts and bolts of organizing and initiating a pediatric transport team. the sutter memorial experience. | specialized interfacility transport teams are capable of delivering critical care medicine to the patient at the referring hospital and while en route to the tertiary care center. to do so effectively, however, requires adequate financial and human resources; management of equipment, supplies and personnel; ongoing education for transport team members; and an aggressive quality assurance program. team members and team management should always be prepared for worst-case scenarios, and develop a m ... | 1992 | 1638435 |
| from the centers for disease control. human rabies--california, 1992. | | 1992 | 1640569 |
| cholesterol treatment practices of primary care physicians. | the active involvement of primary care physicians is necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of elevated blood cholesterol. empirical evidence suggests that primary care physicians generally initiate dietary and pharmacological treatment at threshold values higher than is currently recommended. to determine current treatment thresholds and establish factors that distinguish physicians who are more likely to initiate therapy at lower cholesterol values, 119 primary care physicians in four northe ... | 1992 | 1641441 |
| arboviral infections in the united states. | arboviruses are important considerations in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis and other acute infections. alterations in the environment and in human behaviors contribute to changing patterns of arboviral transmission. these trends, the periodic epidemic resurgence of arboviral diseases such as st. louis encephalitis, and the discovery of new arboviruses present a continued challenge to infectious disease clinicians. | 1991 | 1646839 |
| determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. | carcinoma of the cervix has several well-established epidemiologic risk factors, including multiple sexual partners and early age at first intercourse. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection appears to have an etiologic role in the development of cervical neoplasia, but evidence linking hpv infection to known risk factors for cervical cancer has been inconsistent. the lack of expected correlations may be due to the inaccuracy of hpv assays previously used. a polymerase chain reaction dna amplifica ... | 1991 | 1649312 |
| high fecundity of amenorrhoeic women in embryo-transfer programmes. | there is uncertainty over whether the steady decline in human fertility with increasing maternal age is due to quality of the oocyte or of the endometrium. to clarify the issue age-related implantation and pregnancy rates in two embryo-transfer programmes were examined in relation to embryo quality and type of menstrual cycle. in both the uk and the us programmes rates were higher in previously amenorrhoeic (acyclic) women than in eugonadal women, irrespective of age and number of embryos replac ... | 1991 | 1677120 |
| htlv-i-associated myelopathy in a californian: diagnosis by reactivity to a viral recombinant antigen. | a male patient developed leg numbness and weakness, and bowel, bladder, and erectile dysfunction. examination revealed an isolated thoracic myelopathy, with lower-extremity spasticity, decreased vibration and position sense, hyperreflexia, and babinski's signs. serum and csf showed antibody reactivity to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i or ii (htlv-i/ii), suggesting htlv-i-associated myelopathy. antibody reactivity to a unique htlv-i recombinant protein provided definitive diagnosis of htl ... | 1991 | 1706492 |
| loma linda university: to make man whole. | | 1990 | 1710259 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). tests for anti-hcv antibody were carried out by enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) on 101 hiv-infected patients from two university-based outpatient clinics. anti-hcv antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) for hcv antibodies. fourteen of 101 (13.9%) hiv-infecte ... | 1991 | 1715384 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1991-92 season. | from october 23, 1991, through january 18, 1992, 46 state health departments reported regional or widespread influenza activity for 1 or more weeks. for the week ending january 4, 34 states reported regional or widespread activity, the most during any single week this season. from late october through mid-december, influenza outbreaks reported from 11 states involved primarily school children. reports of outbreaks among adults began in mid-november and continued through january and involved pers ... | 1992 | 1731184 |
| behavioral risk factor survey of vietnamese--california, 1991. | since 1975, an estimated 979,700 refugees from vietnam and other southeast asian countries have immigrated to the united states (l. bussert, office of refugee resettlement, u.s. department of health and human services, personal communication, 1991). although public health agencies have reported extensively on the occurrence of infectious diseases in these populations (1-4), the prevalence of risk factors for noninfectious health concerns (e.g., heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries) ... | 1992 | 1732712 |
| determinants of condom use among junior high school students in a minority, inner-city school district. | condoms reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission; however, their use among adolescents has been inconsistent. little is known about factors which motivate consistent condom use, particularly among younger adolescents. in a study designed to identify such factors, 1899 inner-city junior high school students were surveyed. in june 1988, students completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire assessing hiv-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. among sexually activ ... | 1992 | 1734383 |
| primary care physicians' refusal to care for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | we conducted a telephone survey of a random sample of office-based primary care physicians in los angeles county to determine their practice experiences with patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). telephone interviews included questions related to the physicians' experiences evaluating patients for hiv infection during the past 6 months and the presence of hiv-infected patients in their practices. those without hiv-infected patients were asked if this was because they had ... | 1992 | 1734595 |
| current issues concerning the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus. | this discussion was selected from the weekly staff conferences in the department of medicine, university of california, san francisco. taken from a transcription, it has been edited by nathan m. bass, md, phd, associate professor of medicine, under the direction of lloyd h. smith jr, md, professor of medicine and associate dean in the school of medicine. | 1992 | 1734599 |
| distribution of hiv type 1 infection in childbearing women in california. | the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is increasing among california heterosexuals and children. to assess human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection in childbearing women, we conducted a blinded serosurvey of newborns. dried blood specimens taken from 99% of california births during the third quarter of 1988 (n = 135,808) and linked only to maternal demographic categories were tested for hiv-1 antibody by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by western blot. period prevalen ... | 1992 | 1739158 |
| a ten-year perspective on three models of sheltered care. | data from three surveys of california sheltered care residents and facilities were used to determine which of three models best describes the use of sheltered care by residents and the provision of services to residents between 1973 and 1983. the continuum-of-care model emphasizes a person's movement along a treatment continuum to greater independence. in the residual model, the focus is on providing habitation for a chronic population from the era before deinstitutionalization. the developmenta ... | 1991 | 1743639 |
| estimating the 1978-1990 and future spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in subgroups of homosexual men. | the authors studied the historical spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in homosexual/bisexual men and projected its future spread in these men using data from an aids-free cohort recruited during late 1984 in baltimore, maryland; chicago, illinois; los angeles, california; and pittsburgh, pennsylvania. dates of preentry seroconversion in hiv-1 seroprevalent men were estimated using study entry values of hematologic variables influenced by hiv-1 infection. the authors ... | 1991 | 1746529 |
| ozone, air pollution, and respiratory health. | of the outdoor air pollutants regulated by the clean air act of 1970 (and recently revised in 1990), ozone has been the one pollutant most difficult to control within the federal standards. the known human health effects are all on the respiratory system. at concentrations of ozone which occur during summer air-pollution episodes in many urban metropolitan areas of the united states, a portion of the healthy population is likely to experience symptoms and reversible effects on lung function, par ... | 1991 | 1750227 |
| human t-cell lymphotrophic virus in california's injection drug users. | human t-cell lymphotrophic virus i (htlv-i) and human t-cell lymphotrophic virus ii (htlv-ii) are closely related retroviruses that are highly prevalent in injection drug users (idus). the bulk of infection in this group probably occurs with htlv-ii, with a lower prevalence of htlv-i. htlv-i is known to cause adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. htlv-ii has not been proven to cause any human pathology, but may be immunosuppressive and is almost indistinguishable serol ... | 1991 | 1765894 |
| medication usage patterns in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a comparison of patient-reported medication usage with medical chart review. | patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive numerous medications from multiple providers. as a result, it is important that medication usage is properly documented in each patient's medical record. lack of adequate documentation may confound a provider's assessment of drug efficacy, potentially leading to an increased incidence of drug interactions and adverse effects. the objective of this study was to determine if discrepancies exist between patient-reported medicatio ... | 1991 | 1815436 |
| melatonin therapy of advanced human malignant melanoma. | we undertook a study to investigate the therapeutic potential of orally administered melatonin in patients with advanced melanoma. forty-two patients received melatonin in doses ranging from 5 mg/m2/day to 700 mg/m2/day in four divided doses. two were excluded from analysis. after a median follow-up of 5 weeks, six patients had partial responses, six additional patients had stable disease. sites of response included the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue and lung. the median response du ... | 1991 | 1823632 |
| chronic fatigue syndrome in northern nevada. | the clinical and laboratory findings from studies of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) from northern nevada are summarized. physicians caring for these patients have estimated that greater than 400 patients with cfs from northern nevada and nearby communities in california were identified between 1984 and 1988. as a result of these studies, a cluster of clinical and laboratory features associated with the illness in moderately to severely affected patients has been identified: profoun ... | 1991 | 1850542 |
| genetic screening. california tackles insurance. | | 1991 | 1881446 |
| toxicity of adductor muscles from the purple hinge rock scallop (crassadoma gigantea) along the pacific coast of north america. | mouse bioassay results of rock scallops occasionally monitored by official agencies of british columbia, washington and california before and/or after algal blooms from 1980-1990 revealed that 24%, 38% and 87% of adductor muscles, whole body and viscera, respectively, were unsafe (greater than or equal to 80 micrograms saxitoxin equivalents/100 g tissue) for human consumption. the safety of adductor muscles could not be predicted from corresponding toxicity levels of the viscera but the absence ... | 1991 | 1926187 |
| thoracic radiographic features of silicosis in 19 horses. | clinical records and thoracic radiographs of 19 horses with a confirmed pathologic diagnosis of silicosis were reviewed. these horses had histories of varying degrees of chronic weight loss, exercise intolerance, and respiratory distress. at the time of presentation, two horses were asymptomatic. ten horses were geldings and nine were female. the mean age of the 19 horses was 10.7 +/- 5.5 years. fourteen horses were identified as being from the monterey-carmel peninsula of midcoastal california. ... | 1991 | 1941758 |
| sexual practices of heterosexual asian-american young adults: implications for risk of hiv infection. | epidemiologic patterns of reported aids cases suggest that at present asian americans in the united states are an ethnic minority group at lower risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection than blacks, hispanics, or whites. yet little is known empirically about the sexual behaviors of asian americans. the present study explores rates of sexual activity and patterns of sexual behavior in a sample of young, unmarried, heterosexual asian americans. results suggest that previously reported ... | 1991 | 1953329 |
| update: influenza activity and vaccine availability--united states, 1991-92. | during the 1991-92 influenza season, widespread influenza-like illness (ili) activity* was first reported in louisiana for the week ending november 9, 1991, and in mississippi the week ending november 16. through november 30, six additional states (alaska, missouri, new york, north carolina, tennessee, and texas) reported widespread activity; 13 (alabama, arkansas, california, florida, georgia, indiana, kansas, kentucky, minnesota, nebraska, new jersey, ohio, and pennsylvania) reported regional ... | 1991 | 1961177 |
| the impact of hiv-related illness on employment. | we used structured telephone interviews to determine the extent of work loss following onset of symptoms, the interval between onset of symptoms and cessation of work, and the risk factors for work loss among 193 persons with symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related illness attending the aids clinic at the university of california, san francisco, between october 1, 1988, and september 30, 1989. estimates of the duration of time between onset of hiv-related symptoms and work loss de ... | 1991 | 1983921 |
| leroy hood says no. | | 1991 | 1986408 |
| scientific and commercial development of human cell lines. issues of property, ethics, and conflict of interest. | | 1991 | 2002828 |
| aids education for labor and management: category iii workers. | | 1991 | 2011976 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in dogs and human beings in san bernardino county, california. | fecal specimens from 200 stray dogs impounded at the san bernardino city and county animal shelters were screened for cryptosporidium sp oocysts, using the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent staining procedure. the university of california, los angeles acid-fast stain was used for confirmation. only 4 (2%) dogs were passing cryptosporidial oocysts. likewise, stool specimens from 664 people were submitted to the san bernardino county department of public health laboratory for routine parasitologic ex ... | 1991 | 2019531 |
| lbl genome center to try leadership by committee. | | 1991 | 2020850 |
| the fetal life table revisited: spontaneous abortion rates in three kaiser permanente cohorts. | a cohort of 9,055 singleton pregnancies was identified by conventional urine tests or physician examination at the kaiser permanente medical care program in northern california in 1981-1982. using life table methods, we estimated the cumulative risk of spontaneous abortion or fetal death through the end of pregnancy as 13.0% of all pregnancies surviving 1 week or more past the time of the first missed menses. this value was lower than the estimates of 15.1% and 16.0%, respectively, from two prev ... | 1991 | 2021664 |
| preliminary analysis: hiv serosurvey of orthopedic surgeons, 1991. | although occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other bloodborne pathogens to health-care workers from patients has been well documented, data on hiv seroprevalence in health-care workers are limited. this report summarizes preliminary findings from a voluntary, anonymous hiv serosurvey among orthopedic surgeons, conducted by cdc in cooperation with the american academy of orthopaedic surgeons (aaos), at the aaos annual meeting in anaheim, california, during march 6- ... | 1991 | 2023576 |
| commercial development of human cell lines--property, ethics, and conflict of interest. | | 1991 | 2034257 |
| comparing alternative approaches to establishing regulatory levels for reproductive toxicants: dbcp as a case study. | this paper compares four alternative approaches for deriving regulatory levels for reproductive toxicants by applying them to the available data on the human spermatotoxicant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (dbcp). the alternatives examined include the proposition 65 approach (application of a mandatory 1000-fold uncertainty factor to a no-observed-adverse-effect level [noael]), the environmental protection agency (epa) approach (application of flexible uncertainty factors to a noael), the benchmark ... | 1991 | 2040244 |
| microbial larvicides for the control of nuisance aquatic midges (diptera: chironomidae) inhabiting mesocosms and man-made lakes in california. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus were evaluated for chironomid larvicidal activity in freshwater mesocosms. of two b.t.i. formulations, the technical powder abg-6164 provided excellent control of chironomines (94%) at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha whereas the liquid concentrate, vectobac 6 as, achieved only moderate control (57%) at the rate of 22.4 kg/ha. in contrast, similar rates of b. sphaericus products, abg-6184 technical powder and bsp-2 flowable concentrate, pr ... | 1991 | 2045809 |
| mid-course correction at lbl genome center. | | 1991 | 2047857 |
| epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection in adolescents. | the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) in adolescents is important for purposes of prevention and car, since sexual and drug behavior is formed during this period. for 1990 the centers for disease control reports .4% of aids cases are among adolescents 13-19 years old; this figure has steadily risen since 1982. 53% of the reported aids cases were from new york, florida, california, texas, puerto rico, and new jersey, and has ... | 1991 | 2062630 |
| prevalence of hiv antibody in a noninner-city university hospital emergency department. | to determine the prevalence of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in trauma and nontrauma patients not identified as having known hiv infection in a noninner-city university teaching hospital emergency department, and to determine the frequency with which treating emergency physicians are knowledgeable of patients' risk factors for hiv infection. | 1991 | 2064100 |
| acute health effects from community exposure to n-propyl mercaptan from an ethoprop (mocap)-treated potato field in siskiyou county, california. | a 145-acre potato field adjacent to dorris, california, was treated with ethoprop (mocap) to control nematodes. ethoprop releases n-propyl mercaptan, a highly odorous and volatile gas, as a degradation product of the pesticide. an epidemiological investigation was undertaken by the california department of health services because community residents sought medical attention for odor-related illness. elevated health effects were found among those who reported smelling a strong odor (n-propyl merc ... | 1991 | 2069429 |
| age and human immunodeficiency virus infection in persons with hemophilia in california. | thirteen hemophilia centers provide comprehensive care to approximately 90 percent of persons with hemophilia in california. for 1987, these centers reported patient human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody status, age group, level of clotting factor deficiency, and hemophilia type on 1,438 persons with hemophilia a and b; hiv serologic status was known for 860 persons (59.8 percent) of whom 537 (62.4 percent) were hiv-antibody-positive. the hiv positivity rate increased with age after taking ... | 1990 | 2114801 |
| coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of 77 patients. | through a retrospective review, we identified 77 previously unreported cases of coccidioidomycosis during hiv infection. patients were classified into 1 of 6 categories based on their primary clinical presentation: 20 had focal pulmonary disease (group 1), 31 had diffuse pulmonary disease (group 2), 4 had cutaneous coccidioidomycosis (group 3), 9 had meningitis (group 4), 7 had extrathoracic lymph node or liver involvement (group 5), and 6 has positive coccidioidal serology without a clinical fo ... | 1990 | 2146461 |
| epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in an ophthalmology clinic--california. | | 1990 | 2166898 |
| human papillomavirus infection in sexually active adolescent females: prevalence and risk factors. | we examined the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, and associated risk factors for infection with hpv types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, in 661 sexually active adolescent females attending family planning clinics. fifteen percent were positive for hpv dna by rna-dna dot-blot hybridization. more than 60% of the hpv-positive subjects harbored at least one of the following cancer-related hpv types: 16, 18, 31, 33, or 35. those with hpv had a mean range of four to 10 lifetime sexu ... | 1990 | 2175024 |
| interlaboratory and intralaboratory comparisons of indirect immunofluorescence assays for serodiagnosis of lyme disease. | a conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an anticomplement indirect immunofluorescence assay (acif) for detecting serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in humans were evaluated during a prevalence survey in northern california. sera obtained from 119 current or former residents of an area in which lyme disease is endemic were split and tested by the ifa in two laboratories and the acif in a third. the seropositivity rate ranged from 15 to 20% with 88 to 93% agreement among l ... | 1990 | 2203813 |
| predictors of medical and nursing students' levels of hiv-aids knowledge and their resistance to working with aids patients. | among health professionals, knowledge about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is often limited, inaccurate, or both. many health professionals also resist working with aids patients. this 1988 survey examined exaggerated risk estimates for hiv contagion in relationship to hiv-aids knowledge and resistance to working with aids patients among medical and nursing students at a large northwestern teaching hospital. the results indicate that among th ... | 1990 | 2242205 |
| hiv antibody seroprevalence among prisoners entering the california correctional system. | a cross-sectional blind study was conducted in the spring of 1988 to estimate the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among inmates entering the california correctional system. of the 6,834 inmates receiving entrance physical examinations during the study period, 6,179 (90.4%) had serum tested for the presence of hiv antibodies after routine blood work was completed and personal identifiers were removed. seroprevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 3.0%) among the ... | 1990 | 2244374 |
| epidemiologic research using existing databases of environmental measures. | when detailed information on individuals is not available, databases of environmental measures are sometimes used in epidemiologic studies to provide data on human exposure. the use of such databases is based on the assumption that the data are representative of individual human exposure and are applicable to the study. twenty-six databases that contained data on the environment pertaining to california were summarized and evaluated by categorical criteria of spatial and temporal precision, avai ... | 1990 | 2256714 |
| oral contraceptives and breast cancer. | the possible relationship of oral contraception use to breast cancer is a concern to physicians and their patients. in this article, the authors present a review of the major studies conducted during the last 10 years, from an epidemiologic viewpoint. | 1990 | 2259330 |
| informed consent: how far must it go? | the case of the mo cell line was the first to address the issue of ownership of human tissues removed during the course of surgery. it is also about the disclosure of sufficient information to enable "informed" consent for surgical or diagnostic procedures. can patients have confidence when informed consent fails and conflict of interest may exist? in dealing with conflicting values, health care professionals must recognize that what may be immoral or unethical is not necessarily illegal. | 1990 | 2266507 |
| genetic marker family studies in familial mediterranean fever (fmf) in armenians. | familial mediterranean fever is an autosomal recessive disease manifested by recurrent short episodes of fever associated with polyserositis. it is common in a variety of mediterranean and near eastern populations. the biochemical defect is unknown, and there have been few studies of genetic marker associations or linkage with the disease. we have screened blood samples from members of 14 nuclear armenian families, the population with the highest known gene frequency, for 19 different polymorphi ... | 1990 | 2282713 |
| alimentary tract cytopathology in human immunodeficiency virus infection: a review of experience in los angeles. | in the past decade, over 100,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been reported in the united states. conservative estimates suggest that 1.5 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of aids. major metropolitan areas, such as los angeles, have experienced a rapid increase in the number of aids cases. at the los angeles county-university of southern california medical center, we have gained significant insight into the ... | 1990 | 2292226 |
| journal deselection in a biomedical research library: a mediated mathematical approach. | a unique mathematical formula was developed to use for journal deselection decisions. the formula factors in subscription cost, shelving and storage cost, interlibrary loan cost, staffing cost, and use level to determine the institutional cost ratio; this ratio serves as an indicator of the cost-effectiveness of each subscription title. once the institutional cost ratio was calculated for each of 537 titles, a committee of library staff and senior library customers reviewed the ranked list to de ... | 1990 | 2295012 |
| risk of sexually transmitted disease among black adolescent crack users in oakland and san francisco, calif. | crack cocaine is a smokable form of cocaine hydrochloride that has been associated with increases in admissions to drug treatment programs, and, recently, increases in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among black teenagers. in an exploratory, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of risk behaviors that would promote the dissemination of stds (including human immunodeficiency virus) among 222 black teenaged crack users, 41% of those interviewed reported a history of an std. ... | 1990 | 2296147 |
| a controlled study of variation among family physicians in hiv screening recommendations. | the results of a study of screening recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by family physicians are reported. of 209 family practice residents and clinical faculty from the four ucla-affiliated family practice residency programs surveyed, 110 (53%) responded. each physician was presented with an identical set of five clinical scenarios and asked to make an hiv screening decision in each case. the physicians were also asked to choose from a list of 11 physician roles the one role ... | 1990 | 2299311 |
| comparison of uw solution and euro-collins solutions for cold preservation of human liver grafts. | university of wisconsin solution, a new organ preservation medium, is reported to extend the period of cold storage. in order to evaluate the efficacy of uw solution in human liver preservation we compared 58 donor liver grafts preserved in euro-collins (ec) solution. all livers were harvested in a similar manner. donor and recipient characteristics in the two groups were comparable. the mean preservation time of the uw solution was 11.5 +/- 4.2 hr (range 3-20 hr), significantly longer than the ... | 1990 | 2305457 |
| must a catholic hospital inform a rape victim of the availability of the "morning-after pill"? | the california court of appeals discussed in brownfield v. daniel freeman memorial hospital, 256 cal. rptr. (1989), whether a health-care giver must inform a patient of medical options that the care-giver morally opposes. in this case, workers in a catholic hospital refused to inform a rape victim about the "morning-after pill" (diethylstilbestrol) despite the victim's mother requesting the information, the possibility of a pregnancy, and the need for treatment within 72 hours, because such inf ... | 1990 | 2309736 |
| examination of the impact of radioactive liquid effluent releases from the rancho seco nuclear power plant. | a project has been carried out by oak ridge national laboratory (ornl) to estimate the concentrations of radionuclides in the environment resulting from the release of radioactive materials in the liquid waste effluents from the rancho seco nuclear power plant (rsnpp) and to estimate possible radiation doses to man resulting from current environmental concentrations. to accomplish the objectives of this project, ornl staff members conducted an environmental sampling program around the plant site ... | 1990 | 2312292 |
| hiv testing: the legal balance between individual and societal rights. | testing for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies creates a legal conflict between the individual's right to autonomy and privacy versus society's right to control the public health. a body of laws exists to address these conflicting rights. these laws, however, must evolve so as to strike a better balance between what society has a right to know and the individual's right to personal autonomy and privacy. appropriate statutes should recognize that a legitimate need may a ... | 1990 | 2315775 |
| pulmonary hyperinfection syndrome with strongyloides stercoralis. | a 65-year-old man with steroid-dependent chronic airflow obstruction presented with progressive dyspnea and weight loss. travel history included a military tour in southeast asia. a chest roentgenogram revealed hyperexpanded lung fields with diffusely increased interstitial markings. the papanicolaou stain of expectorated sputum demonstrated the rhabditiform larvae of strongyloides stercoralis. endemic areas of infection include the southeastern united states, puerto rico, central america, the p ... | 1990 | 2347234 |
| rights, duties, and commercial interests: john moore versus the regents of the university of california. | | 1990 | 2350719 |
| physicians' perceptions about increased glove-wearing in response to risk of hiv infection. | glove-wearing attitudes of 375 physicians, representing 56% of all physicians surveyed, were ascertained. although the majority were comfortable with their current glove use, 33% preferred wearing them more frequently. the most common reasons for not wearing gloves were a low likelihood of disease transmission and fear of offending patients. many physicians felt that more frequent glove use in examining human immunodeficiency virus- (hiv)-positive patients might reduce rapport and diminish the a ... | 1990 | 2351811 |
| risk assessment for carcinogens under california's proposition 65. | risk assessments for carcinogens are being developed through an accelerated process in california as a part of the state's implementation of proposition 65, the safe drinking water and toxic enforcement act. estimates of carcinogenic potency made by the california department of health services (cdhs) are generally similar to estimates made by the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa). the largest differences are due to epa's use of the maximum likelihood estimate instead of cdhs' use of the ... | 1990 | 2367711 |
| an institutional policy on the right to benefit from the commercialization of human biological material. | | 1990 | 2374448 |
| pneumococcal bacteremia as a marker for human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients without aids. | we retrospectively reviewed medical records of all adult patients with blood cultures positive for streptococcus pneumoniae to determine the number of hiv seropositive patients in whom s pneumoniae bacteremia was the presenting manifestation. we also compared the clinical presentation, laboratory data, and outcome of pneumococcal bacteremia in patients who were hiv seropositive with patients with no risk factors for hiv infection. all adult patients with blood cultures positive for s pneumoniae ... | 1990 | 2382154 |
| stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: the moderating role of pet ownership. | the physician utilization behavior of 938 medicare enrollees in a health maintenance organization was prospectively followed for 1 year. with demographic characteristics and health status at baseline controlled for, respondents who owned pets reported fewer doctor contacts over the 1-year period than respondents who did not own pets. furthermore, pets seemed to help their owners in times of stress. the accumulation of prebaseline stressful life events was associated with increased doctor contact ... | 1990 | 2391640 |
| california court decision has major impact on informed consent. | | 1990 | 2391718 |