| complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies in plasma from vaccinated macaques before and after inoculation with live simian immunodeficiency virus. | rhesus monkeys vaccinated against infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were examined, in retrospect, for the presence of infection-enhancing antibodies and possible consequences associated with the presence of these antibodies. at the time of experimental inoculation with live virus, complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies were detected in plasma specimens from six of six animals vaccinated with detergent-inactivated whole virus, from nine of nine animals vaccinated wit ... | 1990 | 2168999 |
| report of a who informal consultation on animal models for evaluation of drugs and vaccines for hiv infection and aids. w.h.o., geneva, 14-15 september 1989. | the use of animal models in the preclinical evaluation of anti-hiv drugs and vaccines was discussed at an informal consultation at world health organization headquarters in geneva, 14-15 september 1989. the consultation was attended by six experts from four countries. hiv animal models, other lentivirus/animal models and oncornavirus/animal models were discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared to hypothetical ideal hiv/animal models for preclinical evaluation of anti-hiv dr ... | 1990 | 2175206 |
| ocular manifestation of simian immunodeficiency syndrome (saids). | the management of opportunistic infections is a significant problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agents is needed. we present the ocular manifestations of an aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) at the delta regional primate research center. these findings consisted of rubeosis in the anterior segment and retinitis, optic neuritis, choroiditis and panophthalmitis ... | 1990 | 2177390 |
| immunologic and pathologic manifestations of the infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | the striking similarities between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-induced disease in macaque monkeys and hiv-induced disease in humans make the siv-induced macaque monkey an extraordinarily important model for the study of aids. the most significant difference between these lentivirus-induced syndromes is the more rapid progression of disease in siv-infected monkeys. the immunologic and pathologic manifestations of siv infections in rhesus monkeys are described. | 1990 | 2213505 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of siv infection: further characterization and cross reactivity between macaque and sooty mangabey isolates. | plasma from four rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), of which two were experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolate sivmac251, one with isolate sivsmf236, and another with a sivsmf236 molecular clone, sivsmh-4, enhanced sivmac infection of mt-2 cells. in addition to siv-positive plasma, infection-enhancement required complement, cd4, and cr2. titers of infection-enhancing antibodies appeared to correlate with disease progression. the mt-2/sivmac251 system should be ... | 1990 | 2231684 |
| sequence variability of simian immunodeficiency virus in a persistently infected rhesus monkey. | a juvenile rhesus monkey that was inoculated intravenously with molecularly cloned sivmac239 became persistently infected. a modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used to specifically amplify full-length envelope (env) gene sequences from dna extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), lymph node tissue, and cells infected with recovered virus at 69 and 93 weeks post-infection. extensive sequence variability accumulated in vivo in spite of infection with molecularl ... | 1990 | 2231687 |
| experimental infection of timed-pregnant rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) during early, middle, and late gestation. | ten rhesus monkeys were inoculated with siv/deltab670 during various stages of gestation to determine factors predictive of transplacental infection. two abortions associated with rapid disease occurred shortly after infection; uninfected infants were caesarean delivered from eight other females. siv-specific rna accompanied by deciduitis was identified in the maternal portion of two placentas suggesting that opportunistic infections may promote entry of siv into placental tissue. the lack of ev ... | 1990 | 2231690 |
| use of simian immunodeficiency virus for vaccine research. | rhesus monkeys were immunized with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in adjuvant induced siv neutralizing antibodies. two of six previously vaccinated macaques were protected against infection when challenged with 200-1,000 animal infectious doses of uncloned, pathogenic siv and both have remained free of signs of virus infection for 19 and 30 months. prior vaccination appeared to be of benefit in decreasing the virus load and in delaying the onset of aids in ... | 1990 | 2231691 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus inhibits bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. | the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the depressed hematopoietic functions seen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals were explored in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac). bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell colony formation, both granulocyte/macrophage (cfu-gm) and erythrocyte (bfu-e), was shown to be decreased in number in sivmac-infected rhesus monkeys. sivmac was readily isolated from bone marrow cells of infected monkeys a ... | 1990 | 2296079 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the transmembrane protein of simian immunodeficiency virus from the african green monkey. | mouse monoclonal antibodies were produced against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from the african green monkey (sivagm). the antibodies reacted with the transmembrane protein of all five sivagm isolates but not with those of sivs from the rhesus macaque and mandrill or of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or type 2, indicating that they recognize a species-specific epitope strongly conserved in sivagm. the transmembrane proteins of several sivagm isolates were found to vary in molecular s ... | 1988 | 2460641 |
| molecular cloning of two west african human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages: a gambian isolate, from a patient with neurologic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a highly divergent ghanian isolate. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-related viruses were isolated from a gambian dying of exclusively neurological disease (hiv-2d194) and from an asymptomatic ghanian (hiv-2d205). both strains exhibited properties of hiv-1 biological subtype c: they grew slowly and induced few or no syncytia but eventually produced high levels of particle-associated reverse transcriptase in cultures of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes, and they established stable infection of t-lymphoma (hut-78) and m ... | 1989 | 2467304 |
| isolation of human immunodeficiency virus-related simian immunodeficiency viruses from african green monkeys. | we have isolated lentivirus strains that are related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) from african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops; agm). although immunologically related, these sivagm are clearly distinct from other simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates, including isolates from macaca mulatta (sivmac) or even from other agm. the sivagm strains described in this communication grow well in a limited number of human t-lymphoma lines. virus density, morphology, and reverse tra ... | 1989 | 2468160 |
| the productive infection of alveolar macrophages by simian immunodeficiency virus. | alveolar macrophages obtained from healthy rhesus monkeys were infected with siv in vitro as documented by the appearance of reverse transcriptase activity in the cell-free supernatant, electronmicroscopy, and immunohistochemical methods detecting siv-related core protein. the results demonstrate permissive infection of alveolar macrophages with siv in vitro and define a system for studying macrophage-siv interactions. | 1989 | 2474655 |
| effect of recombinant soluble cd4 in rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | the cd4 molecule is a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) and a soluble truncated form of cd4 produced by recombinant dna technology is a potent inhibitor of hiv-1 replication and hiv-1-induced cell fusion in vitro. rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac), a virus closely related to hiv-1, develop an aids-like syndrome, and so provide an important model for the evaluation of potential aids therapies. we have ... | 1989 | 2536140 |
| cellular localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissues. i. immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a lentivirus with genetic relatedness to the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2). it induces a fatal syndrome in rhesus monkeys that closely parallels the clinical course of aids in humans. the authors used double-labeling immunohistochemical procedures on rhesus lymph node and spleen taken during different time periods after siv infection to localize the p27 gag protein to specific cellular immunophenotypes. in animals with follicular hyperpla ... | 1989 | 2537016 |
| cellular localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissues. ii. in situ hybridization. | lymph nodes and spleens were collected at autopsy and by biopsy from 29 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). lymph nodes were classified morphologically into stages of follicular hyperplasia, follicular involution, follicular depletion with normal or expanded paracortices, follicular and paracortical depletion, granulomatous lymphadenitis, or normal. the distribution of siv rna was determined by in situ hybridization using a nick translated, 35s labeled, sivmac dna p ... | 1989 | 2537017 |
| interactions between simian immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterium leprae in experimentally inoculated rhesus monkeys. | thirty-four rhesus monkeys were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae inoculum isolated from sooty mangabey monkeys with leprosy. later it was learned that one of the m. leprae-donor mangabeys was asymptomatically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). thus, five of the rhesus monkey were coinoculated with m. leprae and siv. three of the five became siv-positive and developed signs of leprosy and an aids-like illness. two animals remained healthy. the coinoculated leprosy-positive rhe ... | 1989 | 2547881 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaque lymph nodes with a sivmac envelope probe. | a tritium-labeled dna envelope gene probe was used to detect simian immunodeficiency virus in formalin fixed lymph nodes from rhesus monkeys experimentally inoculated with sivmac251. cells containing siv rna produced strong hybridization signal and were present in small numbers in biopsy specimens and in much greater numbers in lymph nodes collected at autopsy. siv-infected cells were morphologically identified as lymphocytes and macrophages. | 1989 | 2547958 |
| infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys: virulence and activation of latent infection. | the virulence of three isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys (sivagm) was studied in rhesus and pigtailed macaques. none of 15 rhesus monkeys and one of four pigtailed monkeys died from infection during the time they were studied (up to 33 months). sivagm was only isolated from rhesus monkeys for up to 2 months after inoculation. however, when these animals were secondarily infected with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus type 1 (srv-1), sivagm wa ... | 1989 | 2547960 |
| rhesus macaques inoculated with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. | we have isolated a biologically active molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), sivmac 1a11, originally obtained from a rhesus macaque at the new england regional primate research center. virus derived from cells transfected with this clone is cytopathic for rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells, replicates in cultures of rhesus macrophages, and infects rhesus macaques when inoculated intravenously. six macaques inoculated with sivmac 1a11 all became infected and produced anti ... | 1989 | 2547965 |
| postexposure immunotherapy of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infected rhesus with an siv immunogen. | an inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) immunogen given to healthy, seropositive rhesus macaques 4 months after infection had no effect on the humoral immune response to siv, the presence of antigenemia, cell-associated viremia, or disease course. further immunotherapeutic trials in this highly susceptible animal model should be carried out sooner after exposure, before significant loss of cd4 cells has occurred. the siv infected macaque model will continue to serve an essential ... | 1989 | 2547966 |
| vaccine protection against simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | rhesus monkeys were immunized by multiple inoculations with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in adjuvant. immunized monkeys developed anti-siv antibodies detectable by whole-virus elisa and by immunoblot reactivity; these antibodies had weak neutralizing activity. one week after the last immunization, monkeys were challenged with 200-1000 animal infectious doses of uncloned, live siv. the same strain of siv that was used for vaccination was also used for cha ... | 1989 | 2548210 |
| urinary neopterin concentrations in rhesus monkeys after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac 251). | two rhesus monkeys were infected with sivmac 251. elevated urinary neopterin concentrations were observed as the first sign of infection. virus-specific antibodies were detected 14 days after infection, when neopterin concentrations were already decreasing. the neopterin levels of one animal remained elevated and the virus was repeatedly isolated. urinary or serum neopterin concentrations appear to be early markers for siv infection and viremia in rhesus monkeys. | 1989 | 2548536 |
| a formalin-inactivated whole siv vaccine confers protection in macaques. | a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) would be highly effective in stopping the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. a comprehensive evaluation of potential vaccine methodologies can be made by means of the simian model for aids, which takes advantage of the similarities in viral composition and disease potential between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection of rhesus macaques and hiv infection in humans. immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole siv va ... | 1989 | 2555923 |
| use of simian immunodeficiency viruses for aids research. | despite frequent statements to the contrary, there are good animal models for aids. in this review, we summarize the properties of one of the most useful animal models: infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the sivs are an extensive group of hiv-related lentiviruses of nonhuman primates. they closely resemble the human aids viruses, hiv-1 and hiv-2, in both genetic sequence and biological properties. some siv isolates, most notably those derived from macaques and ... | 1989 | 2559900 |
| characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific t-cell-mediated cytotoxic response of infected rhesus macaques. | four juvenile rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac-freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from these sivmac-infected and from uninfected control macaques were assessed for cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity monthly for 7 consecutive months, beginning 2 months after infection. target cells consisted of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haploidentical parental pbmc which were stimulated with mitogen and then pulsed with heat-killed s ... | 1989 | 2561053 |
| immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region ala582 to cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus. | the immunochemistry of two homologous uniquely antigenic peptides representing ala582 to cys604 in the transmembrane proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque origin, sivmac (closely related to hiv-2) and hiv-1 (strain htlv-iiib) was characterized at the resolution of single amino acids. five different antigenic sites were identified in the sivmac peptide by use of 34 mab against this peptide and two different sites were similarly demonstrated in the hiv-1 peptide by use of 10 ... | 1989 | 2584709 |
| a highly divergent hiv-2-related isolate. | it has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac) evolved from the sooty mangabey virus sivsm (ref. 1). we now describe an hiv-2-related isolate, hiv-2-d205, from a healthy ghanaian woman that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic hiv-2 strains and to sivsm and sivmac. supported by the observation that hiv-2d205 differs in a step of envelope glycoprotein processing, our data indicate that it could ... | 1989 | 2594088 |
| hiv-2 in rhesus monkeys: serological, virological and clinical results. | diseases induced by animal retroviruses are not considered to be good models for the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at present. the lack of an animal model for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection presents a main problem in the complete understanding of the pathogenesis of hiv-mediated diseases. because of the homologies between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and hiv-2, we inoculated rhesus monkeys with hiv-2 and hiv-2 adapted in vitro to monkey cells. one of th ... | 1989 | 2708010 |
| identification and biologic characterization of an acutely lethal variant of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabeys (siv/smm). | a virus pool isolated from lymphoid tissue of a macaque (pbj) infected for 14 months with siv/smm was found to be associated with acute disease and death. six of six pig-tailed macaques, one of three rhesus macaques, and three of four siv/smm-seronegative mangabeys developed acute disease within 5 days and died from 7 to 13 days postinoculation; however, neither of two siv/smm-infected mangabeys died or developed disease. the virus associated with acute disease and death was shown by electron mi ... | 1989 | 2765298 |
| genital mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus: animal model for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. | an animal model for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was developed by the application of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) onto the genital mucosas of both mature and immature, male and female rhesus macaques. virus preparations were infused into the vaginal vaults or the urethras (males) of the animals through a soft plastic pediatric nasogastric feeding tube. the macaques that were infected by this route (six males and nine females) developed siv-specific a ... | 1989 | 2778875 |
| an african primate lentivirus (sivsm) closely related to hiv-2. | the ancestors of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) may have evolved from a reservoir of african nonhuman primate lentiviruses, termed simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). none of the siv strains characterized so far are closely related to hiv-1. hiv-2, however, is closely related to siv (sivmac) isolated from captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). siv infection of feral asian macaques has not been demonstrated by serological surveys. thus, macaques may have acquired siv i ... | 1989 | 2786147 |
| cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines can harbor the aids virus in vitro. | a detailed definition of aids virus-specific t lymphocytes will require the generation and characterization of hiv-1-specific, cloned t cell populations. in our studies, we show that cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines, derived from pbl of rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques and humans infected with hiv-1, can harbor aids viruses. cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines derived from infected individuals are shown to express aids virus-encoded proteins and generate reverse transcriptas ... | 1989 | 2787348 |
| disseminated cryptosporidiosis in simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-infected rhesus monkeys. | | 1987 | 2823446 |
| long-term persistent infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus. | juvenile rhesus macaques 6 to 18 months of age were experimentally infected by intravenous inoculation with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), the t cell-tropic retrovirus of monkeys related to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) virus hiv. the siv used for inoculation was grown either in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 or in the human tumour cell line hut-78. eight of the macaques died 129 to 352 days post-inoculation with a varie ... | 1987 | 2826656 |
| trichomonas gastritis in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus. | | 1988 | 2834463 |
| functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression. we performed cotransfection assays of sivmac and hiv-1 tat constructs with ltr-cat reporter plasmids. the primary effect of transactivation for both sivmac and hiv-1 is an increase in ltr-directed mrna accumulation. the sivmac tat gene product partially transactivates an hiv-1 ltr, where ... | 1988 | 2846868 |
| characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned sivmac. | infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is probably the best animal model currently available for studying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this report, we describe three infectious molecular clones of sivmac and one of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and their use in the study of cell and species specificity, animal infection, and the relationship of gene sequence to function. replication of the cloned viruses in different cell lines varied dramat ... | 1988 | 2846880 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-induced immunodeficiency disease in rhesus monkeys: relation of antibody response and antigenemia. | infection of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) induces a disease similar to aids. we compared siv-specific antibody and antigenemia with the progression of disease in monkeys experimentally infected with siv/delta isolates that varied in pathogenicity. western blot, immunoprecipitation, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serial sera from macaques infected with attenuated virus revealed a persistent antibody response and no evidence of siv ... | 1988 | 2848903 |
| necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta. | lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ... | 1988 | 2850650 |
| comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | information on the extent of genetic variability among non-human primate lentiviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is sorely lacking. here we describe the isolation of two molecular clones from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and their use to derive restriction endonuclease maps of five siv isolates from rhesus macaques and one from a cynomolgus macaque. although similar, all six viral isolates are readily distinguishable; the single isolate from a cynomolgus macaque is ... | 1988 | 2893293 |
| prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. | the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ... | 1988 | 2895751 |
| suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro by cd8+ lymphocytes. | the aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys induced by the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been used as a model to explore the nature of the t lymphocyte response after infection with viruses of the human immunodeficiency virus family. activated cd8+ lymphocytes are present in increased numbers in the paracortex of lymph nodes of siv-infected rhesus monkeys with a lymphadenopathy syndrome. we demonstrate that siv is more readily isolated from cd8+ lymphocyte-depleted pbl of siv-infected anim ... | 1988 | 2965185 |
| immunophenotypic characterization of the cutaneous exanthem of siv-infected rhesus monkeys. apposition of degenerative langerhans cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes during the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a t-cell tropic retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), has recently been isolated from immunodeficient rhesus monkeys. this virus has remarkable similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. subsequent studies of simian infection with siv have shown it to be a relevant animal model for studying the pathogenesis of aids in man. in both hiv-infected humans and siv-infected monkeys, a cutaneous maculopapular eruption has bee ... | 1987 | 3030113 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in guinea bissau in 1980. | to determine the past prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in west africa, we tested 440 serum samples collected in 1980 from people living in rural areas of guinea bissau. the sera were screened for antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolated from rhesus macaque monkeys (sivmac) and then confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to siv, hiv-2, and hiv-1. five of the serum samples were repeatedly reactive by all assays to ... | 1988 | 3132940 |
| isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, papio (mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial africa. this virus, designated sivmnd (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human cd4-positive cells. western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed tha ... | 1988 | 3172337 |
| inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. this isolate, originally designated m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (mniv) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboon ... | 1988 | 3285032 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group. | some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ... | 1988 | 3374586 |
| natural history of endemic type d retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. | a 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of saids and infection with a type d retrovirus, saids retrovirus serotype 1 (srv-1). of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with saids within 9 months of introduction into the resident saids-endemic population. in contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenil ... | 1987 | 3477665 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| morphological changes in lymph nodes and expression of vcam1 and cytokines at the late stages of siv-induced disease in rhesus monkeys. | four patterns of structural alterations were found in lymph nodes (lns) from rhesus monkeys 17 to 34 months after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv-mac251). siv p27gag antigen and viral particles were localized either between the processes of follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) or in the cytoplasm of macrophages. in hyperplastic follicles, enlarged germinal centres contained numerous ki67+ proliferating centroblasts which were rather rare in light zones occupied by the cd23+ fdc ne ... | 1995 | 7481091 |
| both virus and host components are important for the manifestation of a nef- phenotype in hiv-1 and hiv-2. | while it has been demonstrated that the nef protein of simian immunodeficiency virus is obligatory for the establishment of high viral loads and the development of simian aids in rhesus macaques, demonstrating a critical role for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) nef protein in tissue culture has been elusive. data have been contradictory as to whether nef has a negative or positive influence on in vitro virus replication. in an attempt to define a role for nef during virus propagation in t ... | 1995 | 7483259 |
| identification of v3 mutations that can compensate for inactivating mutations in c4 of simian immunodeficiency virus. | a valine to isoleucine substitution at position 322 within variable region 3 (v3) of envelope of simian immunodeficiency virus was previously shown to compensate for an inactivating valine to glycine mutation at position 448 in constant region 4 (c4) (morrison et al., virology 195, 167-174, 1993). cloned dna fragments with inactivating c4 mutations were combined with complex mixtures of mutant v3 sequences, and full length genomes were transfected into cos-1 cells. by cocultivating transfected c ... | 1995 | 7483261 |
| the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane protein is poorly immunogenic in inactivated virus vaccine. | the transmembrane proteins (tmp) of immunodeficiency lentiviruses are primary candidates for inclusion in aids vaccines, the design and testing of which is facilitated by the siv-macaque infection model. antibody responses to linear determinants in the sivmac tmp were investigated in rhesus macaques either infected with the sivmac j5 molecular clone or vaccinated with partially purified, formalin-inactivated sivmac. infected animals were shown to recognise predominantly four regions in the exter ... | 1995 | 7483761 |
| characterization of a cd4-expressing macaque cell line that can detect virus after a single replication cycle and can be infected by diverse simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | primate lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are phenotypically diverse, and virus isolates vary in cytopathicity, replication rate, and cell tropism. while all virus isolates infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes, only a subset of strains infect established cd4-expressing t-cell lines. here, we describe the development and characterization of a macaque cell line that can be infected by all of the strains of siv that we have tested ... | 1995 | 7491763 |
| limited viral spread and rapid immune response in lymph nodes of macaques inoculated with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. | a comparative study was undertaken to characterize the very early events that distinguish attenuated and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections. three rhesus macaques were inoculated with the attenuated sivmac 251 delta nef virus, and three others with a virus of intermediate phenotype, sivmac 239 nef stop. they were compared to four macaques inoculated with the pathogenic sivmac 251 isolate. lymph nodes (ln) taken between 7 days and 2 months postinoculation were analyzed for ... | 1995 | 7491778 |
| lymphocyte-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection in the brains of rhesus monkeys. | molecularly cloned sivmac239 is the prototypical sivmac lymphocyte-tropic virus that replicates productively in lymphocytes but poorly in macrophages. in macaques, the virus causes activation and productive infection of t lymphocytes which invade the central nervous system (cns) early after infection in the animal. however, infected animals develop immunosuppression and aids but rarely overt neurological disease. in this study, we examined multiple regions of the brain and spinal cord for the pr ... | 1995 | 7491784 |
| highly attenuated hiv type 2 recombinant poxviruses, but not hiv-2 recombinant salmonella vaccines, induce long-lasting protection in rhesus macaques. | immunization schemes employing priming with vector-based vaccine candidates followed by subunit booster administrations have been explored and shown to have merit in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus systems. in this study, we have assessed the priming capacity of highly attenuated poxvirus vector (nyvac and alvac)-based hiv-2 recombinants, as well as salmonella typhimurium hiv-2 recombinants in rhesus macaques. alvac- and nyvac-based vaccine candi ... | 1995 | 7492438 |
| antiviral cytotoxic t lymphocytes in vaginal mucosa of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | the mucosal immune system of the female reproductive tract is of central importance for protection against sexually transmitted diseases, including hiv; however, this arm of the immune system remains poorly understood. antiviral ctl responses never have been documented in the genital tract and the role of ctl in this anatomic site is unknown. in this study, cd8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in the vaginas of six simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected female rhesus macaques were identi ... | 1995 | 7499875 |
| t cell responses in macaques after vaginal immunization with particulate siv p27 antigen. | rhesus monkeys were immunized by the vaginal and oral routes using a recombinant particulate simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antigen. augmenting vaginal by oral immunization in macaques elicits proliferative cd4+ t cells in the circulation which are specific to the immunizing p27 antigen. reconstitution of enriched cd4+ t cells, b cells and macrophages from circulating mononuclear cells help b cells in specific iga anti-p27 antibody synthesis. the results suggest that augmented vaginal immun ... | 1995 | 7502859 |
| monocyte adhesion to endothelium in simian immunodeficiency virus-induced aids encephalitis is mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/alpha 4 beta 1 integrin interactions. | because the mechanisms associated with recruitment of monocytes to brain in aids encephalitis are unknown, we used tissues from rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) to examine the relative contributions of various adhesion pathways in mediating monocyte adhesion to endothelium from encephalitic brain. using a modified stamper and woodruff tissue adhesion assay, we found that the human monocytic cell lines, thp-1 and u937, and the b cell line, ramos, preferentially bou ... | 1994 | 7507300 |
| an epitope in the v1 domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) gp120 protein is recognized by cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes from an siv-infected rhesus macaque. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses against the external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were studied in a rhesus macaque infected with sivmac/239. cd8+ t cells enriched from concanavalin a-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells lysed autologous target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing the sivmac/239 or sivsm/h4 envelope protein, which share approximately 80% identity in amino acid sequence. a cd8+ ctl line derive ... | 1994 | 7511178 |
| vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies directed in part to the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) v2 domain were unable to protect rhesus monkeys from siv experimental challenge. | the potential of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) variable 2 (v2) domain as an effective region to boost siv-neutralizing antibodies and to protect against live siv challenge was tested in rhesus macaques. in this study, two rhesus macaques were primed with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the surface glycoprotein gp140 of sivmac and were given booster injections with the sivmac v2 domain presented by a highly immunogenic carrier, the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the two vac ... | 1994 | 7521918 |
| a simian immunodeficiency virus envelope v3 cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope in rhesus monkeys and its restricting major histocompatibility complex class i molecule mamu-a*02. | the use of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) macaque model for assessing human immunodeficiency virus vaccine strategies will be facilitated by the characterization of predominant siv cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes and their restricting major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules in macaque species. we now define a rhesus monkey sivmac ctl epitope in the third hypervariable region of the envelope glycoprotein of the virus. this epitope, ynltmkcr, contains the first two ... | 1994 | 7521921 |
| effects of u-75875, a peptidomimetic inhibitor of retroviral proteases, on simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. | u-75875 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) proteases and blocks gag-pol protein processing and viral maturation and replication in vitro. rhesus monkeys were treated with vehicle alone or with formulated u-75875 at doses of 7 or 20 mg/kg of body weight per day for 26 days by continuous intravenous infusion beginning 6 h prior to intravenous inoculation with 10 monkey 50% infectious doses of siv delta b670, and the monkeys were monitored un ... | 1994 | 7522427 |
| a mhc class i b locus allele-restricted simian immunodeficiency virus envelope ctl epitope in rhesus monkeys. | in light of the importance of virus-specific ctl in the control of the spread of the aids virus, it will be important to assess the generation of these effector cell responses in trials of novel vaccine strategies for the prevention of aids virus infections. to facilitate such studies in the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/macaque model for aids, we have defined a rhesus monkey sivmac ctl epitope carboxy terminus to both the cd4-binding and v4 regions of the envelope glycoprotein. we also us ... | 1995 | 7532670 |
| inhibition of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) replication by cd8+ cells of siv-infected rhesus macaques: implications for immunopathogenesis. | the ability of the cd8+ cells from simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected rhesus macaques to inhibit siv replication was investigated. inhibition was produced by a heat-stable soluble factor of molecular size greater than 10kda. cd8+ supernatants from some macaques were found not only to suppress siv growth but also to be cytolytic toward both infected and uninfected cd4+ cells. such indiscriminate cd8+ cell-mediated cell killing may therefore account for dc4+ cell depletion in certain siv ... | 1994 | 7534828 |
| t cell receptor v beta repertoire in an acute infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency viruses and a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus. | changes in t cell receptor (tcr) v beta repertoire and their correlation with virologic events were investigated in rhesus monkeys after acute infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). 11 genetically defined rhesus monkeys were experimentally infected with sivmac or a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv), and their peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and lymph nodes were prospectively assessed for tcr v beta gene expression. pbl and lymph nodes of the acutely infected ... | 1995 | 7540651 |
| passive immunization of rhesus macaques against siv infection and disease. | to evaluate the role of humoral immunity against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), we tested whether passive immunization with plasma from sivmac251 vaccine-protected or healthy infected animals would protect rhesus monkeys against intravenous infection with ten 50% animal infectious doses of the cell-free homologous virus. the challenge dose of this sivmac251 virus stock had previously caused persistent infection in all (21 of 21) nonimmunized controls. a plasma pool was obtained from a dono ... | 1995 | 7546912 |
| effects of viral virulence on intrauterine growth in siv-infected fetal rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | studies with a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected fetal monkey model were conducted with a focus on fetal growth and viral pathogenesis. twenty-six fetuses were inoculated in utero via ultrasound guidance with an uncloned pathogenic strain of siv or vehicle during the second or third trimesters [gestational day (gd) 65, 110, or 130], sonographically monitored weekly (biometrics, blood flow), then necropsied at incremental time points postinfection. peripheral blood hematologic (complet ... | 1995 | 7552476 |
| construction of human immunodeficiency virus 1/simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac chimeric viruses having vpr and/or nef of different parental origins and their in vitro and in vivo replication. | we constructed a series of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac (sivmac) chimeric viruses having vpr and/or nef genes of either hiv-1 or sivmac based on a chimeric virus with ltrs, gag, pol, vif and vpx derived from sivmac and tar, rev, vpu and env from hiv-1. all of the chimeric viruses replicated in human and macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and in several cd4+ human cell lines, though their growth potentials were slightly different ... | 1995 | 7561755 |
| cellular immune response of rhesus monkeys infected with a partially attenuated nef deletion mutant of the simian immunodeficiency virus. | to date the vaccines most successful in the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) model of aids are live attenuated viruses. however, the virus-specific immune response induced after infection of monkeys with attenuated siv has not been described comprehensively. therefore, we investigated the cellular immune response of eight rhesus macaques infected with a nef deletion mutant of sivmac32h (pc8). in contrast to monkeys infected with pathogenic siv, pc8-infected macaques developed a virus-specific ... | 1995 | 7571408 |
| serial passage of microglial siv results in selection of homogeneous env quasispecies in the brain. | the pathogenic effects of hiv include infection of the central nervous system (cns) which can result in cognitive and motor dysfunction. simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection of rhesus macaques provides an excellent model of hiv-induced disease. we have achieved a reproducible infection of the cns using a stock of virus obtained by serial passage of microglia-associated siv. since the envelope genes of both hiv and siv encode determinants important in viral pathogenesis, and the variabil ... | 1995 | 7571415 |
| gamma delta t cells in rhesus monkeys and their response to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. | recent reports of the increase in peripheral blood gamma delta t cells in hiv+ patients prompted us to examine the gamma delta t cell system in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and the responses of these cells to siv infection. our results reveal differences in the gamma delta t cell subset composition and their expression of cd8 in the peripheral blood of monkeys and humans. the outgrowth of simian gamma delta t cells in response to daudi cells is similar to that in humans, but the exposure to i ... | 1995 | 7586674 |
| constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex class ii antigens on monocytes and b cells correlates with disease in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | constitutive host factors that influence progression to aids are understood poorly. in the macaque model for aids, 35 animals infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were analyzed for major histocompatibility complex class ii antigen expression on blood monocytes and b cells by immunostaining and flow cytometry. expression varied widely between animals but was constant with time. level of expression and the proportion of monocytes and b cells that expressed class ii were not affected b ... | 1995 | 7594662 |
| vpr deletion mutant of simian immunodeficiency virus induces aids in rhesus monkeys. | in previous experiments, animals infected with sivmac239 containing a point mutation in the vpr and nef genes developed aids-like symptoms after early reversion of the vpr and nef genes. here we show that two animals in which the nef gene but not the vpr gene had reverted in the first few months did not develop disease during a 3-year observation period even after reversion to a functional vpr gene 70 weeks postinfection. to study the influence of a stable vpr mutation on virus load and pathogen ... | 1995 | 7609047 |
| repair and evolution of nef in vivo modulates simian immunodeficiency virus virulence. | experimental evidence from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) model of aids has shown that the nef gene is critical in the pathogenesis of aids. consequently, nef is of considerable interest in both antiviral drug and vaccine development. preliminary findings in two rhesus macaques indicated that a deletion of only 12 bp found in the overlapping nef/3' long terminal repeat (ltr) region (9501 to 9512) of the sivmacc8 molecular clone was associated with reduced virus isolation frequency. we s ... | 1995 | 7609080 |
| suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus replication by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-dominant negative rev mutants. | we demonstrate that trans-dominant negative rev mutants are able to suppress simian immunodeficiency virus provirus replication in both transient cotransfection assays and stably transduced hut 78 cells. these studies suggest that the efficacy of trans-dominant rev strategies in reducing viral burden may be evaluated in a simian immunodeficiency virus-rhesus macaque animal model. | 1995 | 7609088 |
| squamous epithelial proliferative lesions associated with rhesus epstein-barr virus in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. | proliferative lesions were found on the squamous epithelium of the tongue, esophagus, or penis or haired skin of the lip, hand, or thorax of 8 simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys that died of simian aids. the lesions were focal and consisted of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis in the skin, with additional ballooning degeneration in the tongue, esophagus, and penis. the epithelial surfaces were frequently colonized by candida species or gram-positive cocci. intranuc ... | 1995 | 7622899 |
| infection of baboons with simian/human immunodeficiency viruses. | baboons were evaluated for their utility to serve as a model for testing envelope-based vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the ability of hiv-1 strains iiib, rf, and sf2 to infect baboons was compared with that of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) recombinant viruses comprised of either hxb2 or sf2 env, tat, rev, and vpu genes inserted into the sivmac239 backbone. both shiv recombinants replicated in baboon pbmc in vitro, while no evidence of replication was n ... | 1995 | 7627620 |
| in vivo administration of cd4-specific monoclonal antibody: effect on provirus load in rhesus monkeys chronically infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques. | since monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for cd4 are potent inhibitors of hiv and siv replication in vitro, we explored their potential usefulness in vivo as an aids therapy. the anti-cd4 mab 5a8 binds to domain 2 of the cd4 molecule and inhibits virus replication and virus-induced cell fusion at a postvirus binding step. administration of this mab to normal rhesus monkeys coats all circulating and lymph node cd4 cells and induces neither cd4 cell clearance nor measurable immunosuppression. in ... | 1995 | 7632466 |
| a macaque adherent cell line that expresses human cd4 is susceptible to siv: utility for assessing neutralizing antibody. | a macaque cd4 + adherent cell line was generated by stable expression of the human cd4 gene in a rhesus macaque mammary tumor cell line, cmmt. the resulting cell line cmmt/cd4 expressed surface cd4 and was sensitive to infection by a wide range of isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) of different subgroups, but was not susceptible to infection with hiv-1. the cmmt/cd4 cell line was used to develop a microassay for measurement of neutralizing antibody in plasma of siv-infected or immun ... | 1995 | 7635923 |
| persistent infection of rhesus macaques with t-cell-line-tropic and macrophage-tropic clones of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (shiv). | to elucidate the functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) genes in a nonhuman primate model, we have constructed infectious recombinant viruses (chimeras) between the pathogenic molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) sivmac239 and molecular clones of hiv-1 that differ in phenotypic properties controlled by the env gene. hiv-1sf33 is a t-cell-line-tropic virus which induces syncytia, and hiv-1sf162 is a macrophage-tropic virus that does not induce syncytia. a dna f ... | 1995 | 7638218 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus (human hiv-ii) transmission in allograft bone procedures. | infection of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv, hiv-ii) was used to study disease transmission in allograft bone. four allograft bone processing techniques--fresh, fresh frozen, double freeze-thaw, and double freeze-thaw with chemical decontamination--were evaluated. | 1995 | 7676330 |
| isolation of uninfected immature hematopoietic cells from bone marrow of simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus monkeys. | | 1993 | 7680153 |
| restricted replication of simian immunodeficiency virus strain 239 in macrophages is determined by env but is not due to restricted entry. | virus derived from the infectious, pathogenic, molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) called sivmac239 replicates poorly in primary rhesus monkey alveolar macrophage cultures. variants with three to nine amino acid changes in the envelope replicate 100 to 1,000 times more efficiently in these macrophage cultures than parental sivmac239. early events, including virus entry into cells, were analyzed by measuring the amounts of newly synthesized viral dna 14 to 16 h after infection ... | 1993 | 7682627 |
| an immunohistologic study of granulomatous inflammation in siv-infected rhesus monkeys. | we studied granulomatous inflammation in simian aids using histologic, immunohistologic, and in situ hybridization techniques. complete freund's adjuvant was used to induce granulomas in two control animals and two macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and having low peripheral cd4+ t cell counts. control animals developed large (> 2 cm diameter) epithelioid granulomas containing cd68+ macrophages (m phi s), epithelioid m phi s and multinucleated giant cells (mngcs), cd4+ an ... | 1993 | 7684765 |
| comparison of serum antibody reactivities to a conformational and to linear antigenic sites in the external envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) induced by infection and vaccination. | forty-six overlapping peptides (20-mers) representing the amino acid sequence of the external envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac; 32h isolate) were used to investigate linear antigenic sites recognized by antibodies in sera from siv-infected rhesus macaques and in animals vaccinated with formalin-inactivated siv. the reactivity to a discontinuous antigenic site as defined by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody was measured by competition assay. the majority of infected ... | 1993 | 7685372 |
| an epitope on the surface envelope glycoprotein (gp130) of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) involved in viral neutralization and t cell activation. | sivmac infection of macaques is an important animal model for hiv infection and aids; this model is being utilized for development of antiviral therapies and vaccines. in the present article, we sought to identify neutralization epitopes of sivmac envelope surface glycoprotein (gp130). algorithms were used to predict antigenicity of specific regions. four regions from the primary amino acid sequence of the viral surface glycoprotein were selected. a synthetic peptide representing one of these re ... | 1993 | 7686386 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 capsid antigens by a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture assay. | we have tested the ability of a monoclonal antibody-based simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) p27 capsid antigen assay to detect siv antigen in supernatants from a variety of infected cell cultures. the antigen capture assay has a sensitivity of approximately 30 pg of siv p27 capsid antigen/ml. the assay detected siv p27 capsid antigen in cell culture supernatants from all six strains tested, detected the replication of siv following the inoculation of the virus in peripheral blood mononuclear c ... | 1993 | 7688521 |
| cd34+ and cfu-gm progenitors are significantly decreased in sivsmm9 infected rhesus macaques with minimal evidence of direct viral infection by polymerase chain reaction. | hematologic abnormalities in the peripheral blood and bone marrow are associated with human immunodeficiency and simian immunodeficiency virus (hiv, siv) infection. the reasons for these abnormalities remain unclear. bone marrow specimens collected from uninfected animals (group a, controls) and from rhesus macaques experimentally infected with sivsmm9 during the asymptomatic stage (group b, siv+ "well") and during the clinically ill stage (group c, siv+ "sick"), underwent a variety of in vitro ... | 1993 | 7690518 |
| effects of initiation of 3'-azido,3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine) treatment at different times after infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus. | the effects of initiating treatment with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine) at different times after inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were investigated in rhesus monkeys. zidovudine treatments of 100 mg/kg/day (25 mg/kg, subcutaneously every 6 h) were initiated 1, 8, 24, or 72 h after intravenous inoculation of 10 id50 of siv. treatments continued for 28 days, and results were compared with those of saline-treated controls. serum infectious virus titers 14 days after inocu ... | 1993 | 7690823 |
| synthetic peptide in mineral oil adjuvant elicits simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys. | in view of the importance of cell-associated virus in aids virus transmission, an hiv vaccine should be able to induce a virus-specific ctl response. traditional subunit vaccines have not elicited virus-specific cd8+ mhc class i-restricted ctl. we have used the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac)/rhesus monkey model to explore the use of ctl epitope peptide-helper peptide conjugates for the vaccine elicitation of aids virus-specific ctl. we found that both the ctl epitope peptide- ... | 1993 | 7691965 |
| immediate zidovudine treatment protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected newborn macaques against rapid onset of aids. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection of newborn rhesus macaques is a practical animal model of pediatric aids. intravenous inoculation of rhesus newborns with uncloned sivmac resulted in a high virus load, no antiviral immune responses, severe immunodeficiency, and a high mortality rate within 3 months. in contrast, immediate oral zidovudine (azt) treatment of siv-inoculated rhesus newborns either prevented infection or resulted in reduced virus load, enhanced antiviral immune responses ... | 1995 | 7695293 |
| cross-protective immune responses induced in rhesus macaques by immunization with attenuated macrophage-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus. | the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) macaque model of aids has provided a valuable system with which to investigate vaccine approaches for protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. in particular, the ability of macaques persistently infected with attenuated infectious molecular clones of siv to resist challenge with the pathogenic parental swarm has conclusively demonstrated that protective immunity can be achieved by immunization prior to exposure. the breadth ... | 1995 | 7707496 |
| transfer of neuropathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus with naturally infected microglia. | the central nervous system (cns) is a target for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and, in individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, this can lead to a devastating dementia. only certain viral variants appear capable of invading the cns and infecting microglia and brain macrophages. to determine whether the virus entering the brain may be particularly pathogenic to the cns, we isolated microglia from the brains of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. serial tr ... | 1995 | 7717458 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-specific ctl in cerebrospinal fluid and brains of siv-infected rhesus macaques. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-specific cd8+ ctl were isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brains of rhesus macaques infected i.v. with siv. ctl were found as early as 1 wk postinfection and their appearance correlated with a decrease of viral ag (p27) found in the blood. ctl isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain often recognized different viral proteins than ctl isolated from blood, suggesting either a unique migratory pattern to the central nervous system or a difference ... | 1995 | 7730657 |
| permissiveness of kupffer cells for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and morphological changes in the liver of rhesus monkeys at different periods of siv infection. | the pathogenesis of liver injury, which remains unclear in the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection, can be investigated in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques, which develop an immunodeficiency disease resembling human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we studied the livers of 21 monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251) for 4 days to 39 months and detected viral antigens in kupffer cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes in 65% of the livers ... | 1995 | 7737626 |
| early intrathecal events in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) infected with pathogenic or nonpathogenic molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus. | encephalitis is a common and devastating sequela of hiv infection in humans and of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in rhesus macaques. we used the siv-infected rhesus macaque model to study early intrathecal events in the pathogenesis of lentiviral encephalitis. | 1995 | 7745949 |
| rapid screening for mamu-a1-positive rhesus macaques using a sivmac gag peptide-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte assay. | as part of an ongoing vaccine study using peptide immunogens designed to stimulate simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) it was necessary to identify rhesus macaques within our colony bearing the mamu-a1 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i haplotype. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from individual monkeys were analysed by immunoelectrofocusing for the presence of a band corresponding to the mamu-a1 molecule. in addition, pbmc were puls ... | 1995 | 7751033 |