| evidence that hiv-1 gag precursor shares antigenic sites with the major capsid protein of human cytomegalovirus. | a rabbit antiserum prepared against disrupted sucrose-banded hiv-1 virus (strain fre-3) reacted with antigens present in nuclear inclusions, pathognomonic for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). this cross-reactivity was observed in autopsy specimens from individuals infected with cmv, in the presence or absence of co-infection with hiv-1. a towbin immunoassay showed that the serum reacted specifically with the hcmv major capsid protein (mcp, 153 kda), both in the nuclear fraction of infected cells an ... | 1990 | 1691565 |
| selective virus inhibitors. | our recent efforts have been directed at the development of selective inhibitors of different classes of viruses, including adeno, pox, and herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv)], (+/-)rna viruses (reo- and rotavirus), (-)rna viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial, vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus) and retroviruses [i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the ... | 1990 | 1693749 |
| monocyte-mediated lysis of hiv-infected tumor cells. | peripheral blood monocytes (pbm) can selectively lyse malignant or virus-infected cells. we investigated the effects of target cell infection with hiv-1 on pbm cytolytic function. cytokine-activated pbm lysed uninfected, hsv-1-infected or vaccinia virus-infected tumor cells, but did not lyse the same cell lines when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). hiv did not impair pbm viability, and actinomycin d (act d) pretreatment of hiv-infected target cells restored their su ... | 1990 | 1699572 |
| individual nk cell clones lyse both tumor cell targets and herpes simplex virus-infected fibroblasts in the absence of interferon. | the target specificity of natural killer (nk) cells for either tumor cells or virus-infected cells has been investigated. lymphocyte clones with the surface phenotype of nk cells (cd3-, cd16+) were obtained by limiting dilution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with pha, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), or varicella-zoster antigens. clones were maintained in media with recombinant interleukin 2 (il-2). both nk-sensitive (k562 cells) and nk-resistant (raji cells) targets were l ... | 1990 | 1701642 |
| antiretroviral activity, biochemistry, and pharmacokinetics of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine. | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (cs-92, azddmec) is an antiviral nucleoside analogue structurally related to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). cs-92 is a potent and selective inhibitor of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and hiv-1 replication in human lymphocytes and macrophages. the ec50 for cs-92 in hiv-1-infected human pbm cells was 0.09 microm. in hiv-1-infected human macrophages, the ec50 was 0.006 microm. this compound was also effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in ly ... | 1990 | 1706574 |
| 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo. | a new class of compounds, 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(rs)-fpmp] derivatives of purines, is described that has selective activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses [including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2)] but not other rna or dna viruses. this activity spectrum is completely different from that of the parental compounds, 9-[(2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(s)-hpmp] derivatives of purines, which are active against a broad range ... | 1991 | 1711214 |
| prevention of herpes keratitis by monoclonal antibodies specific for discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for defined discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were surveyed for their capacity to protect against virus-induced corneal disease in a murine ocular infection model. a known amount of purified mab was transferred passively to balb/c mice 24 hr after topical infection with hsv-1 on their scarified corneas. at high doses (50-136 micrograms), all seven mabs protected against the development of pers ... | 1991 | 1716618 |
| transgenic mouse lines that are immunologically tolerant and nontolerant to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | a construct containing the gene for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv-gd), under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter, was microinjected into single-cell embryos, and four transgenic mouse lines were established. three were homozygous (lines 75, 111, and 113) and one was hemizygous (line 108) for the hsv-gd gene. examination of sera revealed that only one of the lines (line 75) spontaneously produced antibody to hsv-gd. immunization of the other three lines with vaccinia v ... | 1991 | 1717714 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of pseudorabies virus. | the gene encoding the 142-kda major capsid protein (mcp142) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the mcp142 gene has a single open reading frame of 3993 nucleotides (nt) encoding 1330 amino acids. the 4400-nt major rna from the mcp142 gene was detected in prv-infected cells. the 5' end of the transcript was located 60 nt upstream of the initiation codon. the 3' end of the transcript was located 18 nt downstream of a putative poly(a) s ... | 1991 | 1718089 |
| computer predictions of antigenic domains in herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 glycoprotein d as compared with experimentally proven domains. | the primary amino-acid sequence of the glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) was analyzed by computer programs that provided values for hydrophilicity, surface probability, flexibility, and antigenicity, as well as the secondary structure conformation. putative antigenic domains with a high hydrophilicity, surface probability, and antigenicity index were determined and compared with the reported antigenic domains in hsv-1 and hsv-2 gd protein based on experimen ... | 1991 | 1724582 |
| promoter-independent activation of heterologous virus gene expression by the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein icp27. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate-early protein icp27 has been postulated to play an auxillary role in hsv. gene expression, augmenting or inhibiting the activation of different viral promoters by the other immediate-early proteins icpo and icp4. here we show that icp27 alone can up-regulate gene expression of a retroviral vector containing moloney murine leukemia virus (momulv) regulatory sequences. this is the first report of an effect of icp27 on gene expression driven by heterologous ... | 1992 | 1733102 |
| severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. | a 17-year-old male patient with t-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). the patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the abmt (day -7). on day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his got and gpt rose to 570 u/l and 397 u/l, respectively. although he had no muc ... | 1991 | 1753418 |
| advantages of multiple cell culture systems for detection of mixed-virus infections. | simultaneous infections by two or more viruses occur frequently, especially in immunosuppressed patients. in order to detect more than one viral agent in a single specimen, multiple cell systems have been employed in our laboratory. specimens are routinely inoculated into four different cell cultures, namely: mrc-5, a human diploid lung fibroblast cell strain; a549, a human continuous cell line; primary guinea pig embryo (gpe) cell culture, and primary rhesus monkey kidney (rhmk) cell culture. f ... | 1991 | 1783674 |
| human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. | repression of human cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate-early) gene expression is under the control of the viral ie2 gene. here we show that ie2 negatively regulates gene expression directed by the strong cytomegalovirus enhancer via a specific 15-bp target sequence (which we term cis repression signal [crs]). this crs is located between -14 and +1 relative to the transcription start site and will function in an orientation-independent fashion, consistent with repression occurring at the transcript ... | 1991 | 1846203 |
| transplantation of syngeneic transfected cells to probe the in vivo immune response to viral proteins. | balb/3t3 cells were transfected with the glycoprotein d (gd) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and a cell line expressing gd on the cell surface was isolated. in vitro, 51cr release tests showed that the transfected cells were destroyed by anti-hsv antibody in the presence of complement. to investigate in vivo immune response, the gd-transfected cells were transplanted into the footpads of syngeneic hsv-immunized or unimmunized balb/c mice. in unimmunized mice, transfected cells remained intact ... | 1991 | 1846831 |
| brefeldin a arrests the maturation and egress of herpes simplex virus particles during infection. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) requires the host cell secretory apparatus for transport and processing of membrane glycoproteins during the course of virus assembly. brefeldin a (bfa) has been reported to induce retrograde movement of molecules from the golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum and to cause disassembly of the golgi complex. we examined the effects of bfa on propagation of hsv type 1. release of virions into the extracellular medium was blocked by as little as 0.3 microgram of bfa per ml wh ... | 1991 | 1848309 |
| natural killer-mediated lysis of some but not all hsv-1- or vsv-infected targets requires the participation of hla-dr-positive accessory cells. | natural killer (nk)-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs) has been previously shown to require the co-operation of cd16-positive nk cells and an hla-dr-positive accessory cell population. in contrast, lysis of k562 tumour cells requires the presence of only the leu-11-positive cells. in the current study, targets of different morphologies, both virally infected and non-infected, were tested in an attempt to dissect out which target characteristics determine ... | 1991 | 1851136 |
| role of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase expression in viral pathogenesis and latency. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) thymidine kinase (tk) expression and the hsv tk gene have been evaluated in studies of gene control, as well as in animal and human studies of viral pathogenesis, including hsv latency. in investigations of the biological role of hsv tk, enzyme expression was noted to be important for hsv infection of nonreplicating cells in culture; and, in experimental animal studies, hsv tk was shown to be important for in vivo latent infection of sensory ganglion neurons. latency i ... | 1991 | 1851146 |
| modulation by thiols of the merocyanine 540-sensitized photolysis of leukemia cells, red cells, and herpes simplex virus type 1. | this paper reports on the role of endogenous and exogenous thiols in the merocyanine 540 (mc 540)-sensitized photoirradiation of l1210 leukemia cells, human erythrocytes, and human herpes simplex virus type 1. several measures taken to decrease the intracellular content of glutathione enhanced the cells' sensitivity to mc 540-sensitized photoirradiation while stimulation of glutathione biosynthesis or supplementation of the extracellular or extraviral thiol content decreased the photosensitivity ... | 1991 | 1851305 |
| experimental therapy of human glioma by means of a genetically engineered virus mutant. | malignant gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors and are almost always fatal. a thymidine kinase-negative mutant of herpes simplex virus-1 (dlsptk) that is attenuated for neurovirulence was tested as a possible treatment for gliomas. in cell culture, dlsptk killed two long-term human glioma lines and three short-term human glioma cell populations. in nude mice with implanted subcutaneous and subrenal u87 human gliomas, intraneoplastic inoculation of dlsptk caused growth inhibition. i ... | 1991 | 1851332 |
| synthesis and antiviral activities of carbocyclic oxetanocin analogues. | 9-cyclobutyladenine (4a), cis- and trans-9-[3- (hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]adenine (4b) and 9-[3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]adenine(4d) were prepared from the corresponding cyclobutylamine derivatives (1a, 1b and 1d). guanine congeners (9a, cis- and trans-9b and 9d) and carbocyclic oxetanocin g (1',2'-trans-9f) were also prepared. carbocyclic oxetanocin a(1',2'-trans-4f), the preparation of which we have already published, and g were found to be active against herpes simplex virus (type 1 and ... | 1990 | 1963811 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d is recognized as antigen by cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes from infected mice. characterization of t cell clones. | several previous reports have described the surprising inability to detect murine ctl specific for glycoprotein d (gd), one of the important protective immunogens of hsv. using slight variations of published procedures, we were able to show that the immune response to hsv in infected mice includes the generation of ctl specific for gd. c3h/ouj (h-2k) mice were infected by injection in the hind footpads with purified hsv-1. lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes were then isolated and shown to pro ... | 1990 | 1973187 |
| the cytoplasmic tail of hiv-1 gp160 contains regions that associate with cellular membranes. | the hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 associates with cellular membranes via a discrete transmembrane domain. unlike other retroviral envelope proteins, however, gp160 also forms a secondary association with the lipid bilayer mediated by one or more regions located in the cytoplasmic tail. we have expressed the full cytoplasmic tail sequence of gp160, as a fusion protein with the hsv-1 glycoprotein d signal sequence, transiently in a human embryonic kidney cell line. our results show that in the ... | 1991 | 1984664 |
| evidence for an involvement of thymidine kinase in the excision repair of ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus in human cells. | a wild-type strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1:kos) encoding a functional thymidine kinase (tk+) and a tk- mutant strain (hsv-1:ptk3b) were used to study the role of the viral tk in the repair of uv-irradiated hsv-1 in human cells. uv survival of hsv-1:ptk3b was substantially reduced compared with that of hsv-1:kos when infecting normal human cells. in contrast, the uv survival of hsv-1:ptk3b was similar to that of hsv-1:kos when infecting excision repair-deficient cells from a xeroder ... | 1990 | 2153540 |
| antibody response to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gb and gd. | the antibody response to herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins b and d was evaluated using these cloned glycoproteins in an elisa assay and compared to a standard western blotting procedure. the elisa assay appeared to be more sensitive for detecting gb and gd antibodies. antibodies to gb but not gd were detected in the acute sera of patients presenting with their first episode of true primary genital herpes. the geometric mean hsv gb titer (log 2) was also significantly higher than the geome ... | 1990 | 2154542 |
| the herpes simplex virus 1 gene for icp34.5, which maps in inverted repeats, is conserved in several limited-passage isolates but not in strain 17syn+. | in a previous study, it was reported that herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) strain f contains a transcribed open reading frame situated in the inverted repeats of the l component between the terminal a sequence and the open reading frame that encodes the alpha 0 gene (j. chou and b. roizman, j. virol. 57: 629-637, 1986). by means of an antibody to repeats of the trimer ala-thr-pro predicted to be specified by the open reading frame, it was shown that the open reading frame specifies a protein (m. a ... | 1990 | 2154589 |
| suppression of host mrna in human smooth muscle cells by a virion competent factor in herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 produces an early decrease in protein synthesis in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from human umbilical artery. to confirm that suppression of host protein synthesis occurs before virus protein expression, cultures were treated with actinomycin d (5 micrograms/ml) continuously from the beginning of infection. in the presence of actinomycin d, by 3.5 hours postinfection, virus-infected cultures showed much less incorporation of [35s]methionine into sodium dodecyl ... | 1990 | 2154642 |
| antigenic and functional analysis of a neutralization site of hsv-1 glycoprotein d. | herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d is a component of the virion envelope and appears to be involved in attachment, penetration, and cell fusion. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein can be arranged in groups, on the basis of a number of biological and biochemical properties. group i antibodies are type-common, have high complement-independent neutralization titers, recognize discontinuous (conformational) epitopes, and block each other in a binding assay. the sum of their epitopes ... | 1990 | 2154881 |
| modulation of hpv18 and bpv1 transcription in human keratinocytes by simian virus 40 large t antigen and adenovirus type 5 e1a antigen. | transcription of early open reading frames initiated from the long control region (lcr) of hpv18 and bpv1 is known to be modulated by homologous and heterologous papillomarvirus e2 gene products. using cat constructs transfected into normal human keratinocytes, we show that sv40 large t antigen activates transcription from the lcr of both viruses, whereas ad5-e1a antigen represses transcription from the hpv18-lcr but activates transcription from bpv1-lcr. experiments using constructs containing ... | 1990 | 2155243 |
| interference with the assembly of a virus-host transcription complex by peptide competition. | induction of transcription of the immediate-early (ie) genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) involves the assembly of a dna-binding complex containing the cellular transcription factor oct-1 and the virus regulatory protein vmw65 (vp16). complex assembly can be observed using deletion variants of vmw65 which lack the acidic c-terminal activation domain and are therefore defective for ie transactivation. similar variants of vmw65 interfere with ie activation by the normal protein, and with hsv repl ... | 1990 | 2156166 |
| acid ph-induced fusion of cells by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gb an gd. | enveloped animal viruses enter host cells either by direct fusion at neutral ph or by endocytosis. herpes simplex virus (hsv) is believed to fuse with the plasma membrane of cells at neutral ph, and the glycoproteins gb and gd have been implicated in virus entry and cell fusion. using cloned gb or gd genes, we show that cells expressing hsv-1 glycoproteins gb or gd can undergo fusion to form polykaryons by exposure only to acidic ph. the low ph-induced cell fusion was blocked in the presence of ... | 1990 | 2156833 |
| acyclic purine phosphonate analogues as antiviral agents. synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | a series of 9-(phosphonoalkyl)purines, which are analogues of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purines (guanine, pmeg, 1; adenine, pmea, 2), were synthesized. the analogues were tested for activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), rauscher murine leukemia virus (r-mulv), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). with variations in the length of the alkyl chain, the optimal activity was achieved with two carbons between the purine base ... | 1990 | 2157012 |
| deletions in herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d define nonessential and essential domains. | herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd) is a major component of the virion envelope and infected cell membranes and is essential for virus entry into cells. we have recently shown that gd interacts with a limited number of cell surface receptors which are required for virus penetration into cells. to define domains of gd which are required for aspects of virus replication including receptor binding, deletion mutations of 5 to 14 amino acids were constructed by using oligonucleotide-directed mut ... | 1990 | 2157872 |
| infrequent but efficient interferon-alpha-producing human mononuclear leukocytes induced by herpes simplex virus in vitro studied by immuno-plaque and limiting dilution assays. | human blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbmcs) producing interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) after stimulation by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) in vitro were identified by a filter immuno-plaque assay. individual ifn-alpha-producing cells (ipcs) yielded between 0.5 and 2 units ifn-alpha, sufficient to protect cultures of mdbk cells against a viral challenge. therefore, their frequency could be determined by a limiting dilution assay as well as by an immuno-plaque assay. similar estimates of between 2 a ... | 1990 | 2158516 |
| (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054]: a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesviruses. | (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054] is a newly synthesized nucleoside analog with potent and selective antiviral activity against members of the herpesvirus group, including human cytomegalovirus. the activity against a thymidine kinase deficient hsv-2 mutant was 25-fold poorer than against the parent virus, suggesting that phosphorylation is an important prerequisite for antiviral activity against hsv-2. (+-)-bhcg is readily phosph ... | 1990 | 2159261 |
| resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human mxa protein. | mxa and mxb are interferon-induced proteins of human cells and are related to the murine protein mx1, which confers selective resistance to influenza virus. in contrast to the nuclear murine protein mx1, mxa and mxb are located in the cytoplasm, and their role in the interferon-induced antiviral state was unknown. in this report we show that transfected cell lines expressing mxa acquired a high degree of resistance to influenza a virus. surprisingly, mxa also conferred resistance to vesicular st ... | 1990 | 2161946 |
| the repressing and enhancing functions of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp27 map to c-terminal regions and are required to modulate viral gene expression very early in infection. | the phenotypic properties of icp27 temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants and the results of transient expression assays have demonstrated that icp27 has a modulatory effect on viral gene expression induced by icps 0 and 4. in order to identify the regions of the icp27 molecule that are responsible for its enhancing and repressing activities, 10 nonsense and 3 in-frame deletion mutations were introduced into the coding sequence of the cloned icp27 gene. these mutant genes were tested in tran ... | 1990 | 2161950 |
| effect of nucleotide excision repair in human cells on intrachromosomal homologous recombination induced by uv and 1-nitrosopyrene. | to study the role of nucleotide excision repair in the induction of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cells, we introduced a plasmid containing a substrate for recombination into three human cell lines that differ in their repair capacity and compared the frequency of recombination induced by uv radiation and by 1-nitrosopyrene. one strain had a normal capacity for nucleotide excision repair, the second exhibited an intermediate rate of repair, and the third, derived from a ... | 1990 | 2164633 |
| detection of an ie responsive element(s) in the bamhi j fragment of human cytomegalovirus ad169. | the bamhi j fragment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ad169 located at 0.815 to 0.855 map units in the unique short component of the genome was demonstrated to be responsive to the hcmv ie proteins by using a transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene expression system. the bamhi j fragment was cloned into a cat gene expression plasmid and then cotransfected with a plasmid that expresses the immediate early (ie) genes of hcmv ad169 into the hcmv permissive cell line mrc-5. the results ... | 1990 | 2164722 |
| use of human monocytes in the evaluation of antiviral drugs: quantitation of hsv-1 cytopathic effects. | an assay for the evaluation of antiviral and immunomodulator potency was developed using pure populations of cultured human monocytes. the assay involved culturing of human monocytes until they were fully susceptible (15-20 days) to lytic infection with hsv-1. when susceptible cells were cultured with recombinant interferon-alpha or a synthetic interferon inducer such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid prior to infection, a significant enhancement in resistance to the cytopathic effects of hsv-1 ... | 1990 | 2166467 |
| reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus by adenovirus recombinants encoding mutant ie-0 gene products. | we have previously shown that adenovirus recombinants expressing functional icp0 reactivate latent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in an in vitro latency system. this study demonstrated that icp0, independent of other hsv gene products, is sufficient to reactivate latent hsv-2 in this in vitro system. to assess the effects of defined mutations in the sequence encoding icp0 (ie-0) on reactivation, seven in-frame insertion and three in-frame deletion mutants were moved into an adenovirus expre ... | 1990 | 2166826 |
| infection with adeno-associated virus type 5 inhibits mutagenicity of herpes simplex virus type 1 or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. | infection with adeno-associated virus type 5 (aav-5) reduced the number of mutants arising in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus of human rd 176 cells after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1; partially inactivated) or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-nqo). the mutation frequency was reduced by aav-5 infection from 11.4 to 1.8 after mutation with hsv-1 and from 3.2 to 2.5 when mutation was induced by 4-nqo. this was analyzed by determination of the number of cells resista ... | 1990 | 2166909 |
| detection of herpes viral genomes in normal and diseased corneal epithelium. | herpetic ocular disease is one of the major causes of corneal blindness. clinical diagnosis of corneal disease is based principally on corneal appearance. however, abnormal morphology of the corneal epithelium (ce) is not an indicator for the presence of a herpes virus. further, it has not been established if herpes viruses are present in normal corneal epithelial tissue. in these studies, the polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate normal and diseased corneal epithelium for the presence ... | 1990 | 2167192 |
| ocular safety and efficacy of an hsv-1 gd vaccine during primary and latent infection. | one potential complication of systemic herpes simplex virus (hsv) vaccination is that subsequent ocular infection may lead to increased immunogenic corneal scarring. therefore, v52, a genetically engineered vaccinia virus that expresses the hsv-1 glycoprotein gd, was tested for ocular safety and for protection against ocular challenge with a stromal-disease-producing strain (mckrae) of hsv-1. to maximize immune response, rabbits were vaccinated by a series of inoculations. v52-vaccinated rabbits ... | 1990 | 2167298 |
| susceptibility of human herpesvirus 6 to antivirals in vitro. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is a recently recognized human herpesvirus isolated from lymphoid cells and thought to be the causative agent for exanthem subitum. using dot blot hybridization, the hhv-6 sensitivity pattern to several antivirals was compared with those of herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus. hhv-6 most closely resembled cytomegalovirus in that it was relatively resistant to the antiviral effects of acyclovir and bromovinyl-deoxyuridine but sensitive to ganciclovir ... | 1990 | 2167336 |
| identification of two genes in the unique short region of pseudorabies virus; comparison with herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of two genes in the unique short region of the genome of pseudorabies virus (prv). near the internal repeat, upstream of the gene encoding glycoprotein gx, we identified an open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 390 amino acids. we designated this gene pk because the predicted protein contains most of the conserved motifs of a eukaryotic protein kinase. the protein shares amino acid homology with the protein kinases encoded by gene us3 of herpes ... | 1990 | 2167928 |
| [detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus and cytomegalovirus in aphthous stomatitis]. | attempts were made to demonstrate herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2, varicella zoster virus (vzv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) in specimens obtained from aphthous ulceration lesions by the immunofluorescent method using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies. hsv-1 and vzv were detected in 2 and 4 out of 30 patients, respectively. although almost all viruses that can infect the oral cavity could occasionally cause stomatitis, neither hsv-2 nor cmv was not found in this study. vzv was ... | 1990 | 2170607 |
| host species and strain differences affect the ability of an hsv-1 icp0 deletion mutant to establish latency and spontaneously reactivate in vivo. | hsv-1 latency and reactivation were studied in vivo by spontaneous and iontophoresis-induced ocular viral shedding in new zealand rabbits, balb/c and a/j mice latently infected with wild-type kos, and dl x 3.1, a progeny icp0 deletion mutant. the presence of trigeminal ganglionic latency was demonstrated by the in vitro methods of cocultivation and in situ hybridization. although the efficiency of ganglionic latency was significantly less (p less than .0001) for dl x 3.1 than for kos in both mic ... | 1990 | 2171191 |
| suppression of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency by (+-)-9-([(z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl) guanine (l-653,180) in vitro. | latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection was induced in human embryonic lung cells in vitro by using a combination of viral replication inhibitors and elevated temperature. under reactivating conditions (superinfection by human cytomegalovirus or temperature manipulation), a nonantiviral thymidine kinase inhibitor (l-653,180) was found to suppress or delay reactivation of hsv-1 from latently infected human embryonic lung cells. l-653,180 alone or in combination with interferon was in ... | 1990 | 2171423 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction for successful identification of asymptomatic genital infection with herpes simplex virus in pregnant women at delivery. | the polymerase chain reaction was adapted to the amplification of a herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna sequence, common to hsv types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). the amplified product was detectable by ethidium-bromide staining or southern hybridization of gels and by dot hybridization. the hsv polymerase chain reaction detected hsv dna in samples obtained from eight patients with genital lesions from which hsv-2 was isolated in tissue culture and from four patients with labial lesions from which hsv-1 w ... | 1990 | 2172392 |
| murine cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 recognize the immediate early protein icp4 but not icp0. | vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes encoding icp0 or icp4 were used to identify the precise target antigen(s) of murine anti-viral cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for the non-structural immediate early proteins. these studies revealed that hsv-1-specific ctl, restricted to class i major histocompatibility complex genes of the h-2k haplotype but not the h-2d or h-2b haplotypes, would lyse autologous cells expressing icp4. hsv-1-specific ctl ... | 1990 | 2172452 |
| antibodies to viral antigens, xenoantigens, and autoantigens in alzheimer's disease. | sera from 19 patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) and 21 control subjects were studied by immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay for antibody activity against various viruses and 12 self- and non-self-antigens. total igg mean level was significantly higher in the ad group; the igg level was above 15 g/l in 52.8% of ad patients versus 14.3% of control subjects. antiviral antibody titers showed no significant differences except for antibodies to herpes simplex virus-1, which were increased in ... | 1990 | 2172499 |
| comparative study of herpes simplex virus receptor expression on human lymphoid cells. | lymphocytes represent key cells of the immune system and play an important role against viral infections. however, the expression and quantification of virus receptors on lymphoid cells have, in most cases, not been studied. we report here a study of the expression of herpes simplex virus (hsv) receptors by different human lymphoid cell types. using flow cytometry and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated hsv1 (f-hsv1) we analyzed virus binding to fresh and mitogen-stimulated b and t lymphocytes ... | 1990 | 2173267 |
| reactivity of human sera with overlapping synthetic peptides of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | thirty eight human sera, seropositive for herpes simplex virus (hsv) and 56 human sera, seronegative for hsv by immunofluorescence and by elisa, were investigated for reactivity with a series of overlapping synthetic peptides of hsv type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1). thirty four out of the 38 human sera positive for hsv reacted with peptides located between residues 300 and 369; the hsv-negative sera reacted with six of the gd-1 peptides, but with none of the peptides within residues 300 to 369. | 1990 | 2173527 |
| an efficient deletion mutant packaging system for defective herpes simplex virus vectors: potential applications to human gene therapy and neuronal physiology. | we have previously described a defective herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) vector system that permits the introduction of virtually any gene into nonmitotic cells. phsvlac, the prototype vector, stably expresses escherichia coli beta-galactosidase from a constitutive promoter in many human cell lines, in cultured rat neurons from throughout the nervous system, and in cells in the adult rat brain. hsv-1 vectors expressing other genes may prove useful for studying neuronal physiology or performing huma ... | 1990 | 2174168 |
| arabinofuranosylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infections. | protection of the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups of the nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin (1) with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane was followed by (trifluoromethyl)sulfonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group. a displacement of the resulting triflate ester moiety with lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium iodide, and lithium azide in hexamethylphosphoramide was followed by a removal of the disilyl moiety with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride to afford the appropriate (2'-deoxy-2'-substitut ... | 1990 | 2175356 |
| experimental keratitis in rabbits by human hsv-1 variants: prevention and treatment. | the efficacy of different therapies and vaccine preparations was assessed for treating or preventing herpetic ocular keratitis induced by experimental inoculation in rabbits with two hsv-1 variants that display different pathogenetic potential. early administration of acyclovir (acv) promoted fast healing and prevented neurologic involvements: alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn) was less efficient than acv; combined therapy with both drugs increased the antiviral effects. in an attempt to prevent the d ... | 1990 | 2177779 |
| induction of neutralizing antibody against varicella-zoster virus (vzv) by vzv gp3 and cross-reactivity between vzv gp3 and herpes simplex viruses gb. | glycoprotein gp3 (64k) is one of the major proteins specified by varicella-zoster virus (vzv). this glycoprotein was purified on an immunoadsorbent consisting of monoclonal antibody (clone 8) against gp3 linked to protein a-sepharose. rabbits were then immunized with the purified antigen to obtain monospecific antisera against gp3. the monospecific antisera and monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated polypeptides with the same molecular weights of approximately 64,000 (64k), 106k, and 116k from a ... | 1986 | 2418583 |
| human antibody response to herpes simplex virus-specific polypeptides after primary and recurrent infection. | human antibody responses to specific polypeptides of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) were assessed in serial serum specimens from 18 infected patients by immunoblot technology. nine patients had hsv-1 infections (six genital and three oral) and nine had hsv-2 genital infections. antibodies to homologous and heterologous hsv antigens were studied and correlated with total microneutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies as well as correlated ... | 1986 | 2422204 |
| 1h-nmr assignment and secondary structure of a herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d-1 antigenic domain. | the peptide alpha ahx-met-ala-asp-pro-asn-arg-phe-arg-gly-lys-asp-leu-pro-val-leu- asp-gln-leu-thr-asp-pro-pro-alpha ahx (epsilon ahx = 6-aminohexanoyl), the antigenic sequence 11-32 from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d-1, has been synthesised. its 1h-nmr spectrum has been assigned by a combination of two-dimensional techniques in h2o and 2h2o. its secondary structure has been defined by nuclear overhauser effects and amide proton exchange rates, and also to some extent chemical shifts, coup ... | 1986 | 2426110 |
| trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by dna viruses. | to investigate whether dna viruses can augment gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cotransfection experiments were carried out in which a recombinant plasmid containing the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was transfected into cultured cells along with plasmids containing dna from various distinct classes of dna viruses. molecular clones containing jc virus, bk virus, lymphotropic papovavirus, bovine papilloma virus, ... | 1986 | 2432602 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced changes of the keratin type intermediate filament in rat epithelial cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of human fibroblast cells grown in culture induces reorganization of the cytoskeleton fibrillar structures. normal transport and insertion of hsv glycoproteins into the plasma membrane of the cells depend on the integrity of the microtubules. the natural host cells for hsv are epithelial cells, and an epithelial cell line established from rat palate was used in the present study. the effect of virus on the structure of the intermediate filaments and ... | 1987 | 2434610 |
| nucleotide sequence of the most abundantly transcribed early gene of human cytomegalovirus strain ad169. | cytoplasmic poly(a+)rna was isolated from human embryo fibroblast cells during the early phase of an infection with human cytomegalovirus strain ad169. these preparations contained a single abundant transcript of 2.7 kb which was derived from each of the repeat sequences flanking the long unique region of the virus genome. the gene was unspliced and poly(a+)rna derived from it continued to accumulate in the cytoplasm of cells during the later stages of infection. this gene and the surrounding re ... | 1987 | 2436392 |
| hybridization between a repeated region of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna containing the sequence [ggc]n and heterodisperse cellular dna and rna. | a small dna fragment containing the simple sequence [ggc]10 from the long repeat of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna hybridized to cellular dna and polyadenylated rna from different mammalian species. the number and intensity of blot hybridization signals were increased in human compared with rodent and simian nucleic acids. the hybridization was blocked specifically by human 28s ribosomal dna, which shares only the ggc repeats with the herpes simplex virus dna. these data indicate that g ... | 1987 | 2436393 |
| a cultured human oligodendroglioma cell line and herpes simplex virus-infected cells share antigenic determinants. | cell cultures derived from 60 different human brain tumors were screened for the presence of hsv infected cell antigens by indirect immunofluorescence using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacting with herpes simplex virus (hsv), 3 monoclonal antibodies recognising different hsv-specified proteins, and one monoclonal antibody t181 reacting with a dna binding protein present in hsv-infected cells. only one tumor (in/157), derived from an oligodendroglioma, stained with the polyclonal antiserum. t1 ... | 1987 | 2437255 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d inhibit virus penetration. | nine monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 1 were selected for their ability to neutralize virus in the presence of complement. four of these antibodies exhibited significant neutralization titers in the absence of complement, suggesting that their epitope specificities are localized to site(s) which contribute to the role of gd in virus infectivity. each of these antibodies was shown to effectively neutralize virus after virion adsorption to cell su ... | 1987 | 2444713 |
| rna complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0 gene demonstrated in neurons of human trigeminal ganglia. | recent studies with mice have demonstrated abundant rna transcripts which are complementary (antisense) to the herpes alpha gene icp0 in latently infected ganglia. we investigated the situation in unselected human trigeminal ganglia. strand-specific 2.7-kilobase herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp0 rna probes were prepared, and their sense was determined in productively infected cells. although in situ hybridization demonstrated icp0 antisense rna transcripts in the nuclei of neurons in 46% ... | 1988 | 2451758 |
| helper activity in antigen-specific antibody production mediated by cd4+ human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus. | three hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) common ("hsv-type common") and three hsv-1 specific ctl clones, which were cd3+, cd4+, cd8-, 4b4+, and 2h4-, were established. these clones proliferated in response to stimulation with hsv in the presence of autologous apc. the hsv type specificity of the proliferative response was identical with that of the cytotoxic activity of the clones. the cytotoxic activity and the proliferative response were both inhibited by addition of anti-hla-dr mab to ... | 1988 | 2452188 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d deletion mutants in mammalian cells. | glycoprotein d (gd) is a viron envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. we have previously defined seven monoclonal antibody (mab) groups which recognize distinct epitopes on the mature gd-1 protein of 369 amino acids. mab groups vii, ii, and v recognize continuous epitopes at residues 11-19, 272-279, and 340-356, respectively. mab groups i, iii, iv, and vi recognize discontinuous epitopes. recent studies have focused on epitopes i, iii, and vi. using truncated forms of gd gener ... | 1988 | 2452897 |
| inhibition of transcription of herpes simplex virus immediate early genes in interferon-treated human cells. | the effect of interferon (ifn) treatment on the early stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication in three types of human cells was investigated. interferon pretreatment was shown to reduce the steady state levels of both total and polysomebound hsv-1 immediate early alpha mrnas. using the nuclear run-off transcription assay, we showed that ifn selectively inhibited transcription of the hsv-1 genes, with no effect on transcription of total cellular rna or that of the beta-tubulin r ... | 1988 | 2455018 |
| topological distribution of virus-specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants on the gb glycoprotein of the herpes simplex viruses. | the antigenic properties and relations between the herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv1, hsv2) gb glycoproteins were investigated. using several assay systems to analyze the virus-specific reactivity of polyclonal monospecific rabbit anti-gb sera, it was demonstrated that most of the antigenic determinants of the gb glycoproteins exposed at the surface of both virions and infected cells are virus-specific rather than cross-reactive. comparative examination of the reactivity of human immune se ... | 1989 | 2470853 |
| transcriptional activity of the herpes simplex virus genome during establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of in vitro virus latency. | we previously have described a model of in vitro herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency in which latent infection was (i) established with human leukocyte interferon (ifn-alpha) in combination with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) or 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir); (ii) maintained after termination of combined inhibitor treatment by incubation at 40.5 degrees, and (iii) reactivated by either reducing the incubation temperature to 37 degrees or by superinfecting at the elev ... | 1989 | 2473963 |
| simultaneous triple-immunogold staining of virus and host cell antigens with monoclonal antibodies of virus and host cell antigens in ultrathin cryosections. | the mechanism of intracellular maturation and sorting of herpes simplex virus type i glycoproteins is not known in details. to elucidate the intracellular sorting of viral glycoproteins and their possible interaction with the cytoskeleton, a method for simultaneous immunogold staining of three antigens in ultrathin cryosections is described. each antigen is stained by an indirect technique using mouse monoclonal igg as first layer, rabbit anti-mouse igg as second and gold-conjugated goat anti-ra ... | 1989 | 2475475 |
| relatedness of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of simian herpes-virus virions and infected cells to specific hsv glycoproteins. | the antigenic relatedness of the surface glycoprotein antigens of six herpesviruses indigenous to human and nonhuman primates was examined. binding of anti-viral sera to viral antigens expressed on the surface of infected cells demonstrated that the surface antigens of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1), hsv 2, simian agent 8 (sa8), and herpesvirus simiae (b virus) exhibit extensive cross-reactivity. surface antigens of two viruses isolated from south american primates, h. saimiri 1 (hvs 1) and ... | 1989 | 2482016 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp27 deletion mutants exhibit altered patterns of transcription and are dna deficient. | infected cell polypeptide 27 (icp27, alpha 27, ie63) is the 63-kilodalton product of an immediate-early gene of herpes simplex virus. functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in herpes simplex virus type 1 icp27 demonstrated that this protein plays an essential role in virus replication (w. r. sacks, c. c. greene, d. p. aschman, and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 55:796-805, 1985). because the temperature-sensitive forms of icp27 induced by the mutants affected gene expression to differin ... | 1989 | 2535723 |
| establishment of latent ganglionic infection with herpes simplex virus via maxillary gingiva and viral re-activation in vivo after trauma. | herpes simplex virus can remain latent for months or years in sensory and automatic ganglia of animals and man, and can be re-activated in vivo by several procedures such as neurectomy, irritation of epithelial surfaces, and administration of immunosuppressive agents. the objective of this study was to determine whether dental stimuli can cause re-activation of the latent herpes simplex virus. homogenization and explanation of ganglia from mice showed that herpes simplex virus (type 1) traveled ... | 1989 | 2537858 |
| icp4-binding sites in the promoter and coding regions of the herpes simplex virus gd gene contribute to activation of in vitro transcription by icp4. | the herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene product icp4 activates the transcription of viral early and late genes. we characterized the dna sequence elements of the early glycoprotein d (gd) gene that play a role in the response to icp4 in vitro. using gel mobility shift assays and dnase i footprinting, we identified three icp4-binding sites, two 5' to the mrna start site and a third within the coding region. site ii, which gave a footprint between nucleotides -75 and -111 relative to the rna ... | 1989 | 2542568 |
| antigen-presenting liposomes are effective in treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus genitalis in guinea pigs. | the therapeutic and immunologic effects of a liposome preparation containing both a macrophage activator, muramyl-tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine, and a recombinant antigen, glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1, have been investigated. this preparation was tested in vitro for the ability to stimulate peripheral blood lymphocytes and in vivo for the control of recurrent herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. our results show that the liposome-antigen-adjuvant preparation is capable of enha ... | 1989 | 2542605 |
| herpes simplex virus alpha protein icp27 can inhibit or augment viral gene transactivation. | three of the five alpha (immediate early) gene products of herpes simplex virus, infected cell proteins (icps) 4, 0, and 27 play a role in the control of expression of viral beta (delayed-early) and gamma (late) genes. we report here that icp27 can inhibit or augment the individual or combined abilities of icp4 and icp0 to stimulate expression of chimeric genes containing viral gene promoters in a transient expression system. the specific effect of icp27 was dependent on the viral gene promoter ... | 1989 | 2543126 |
| lithium chloride restores host protein synthesis in herpes simplex virus-infected endothelial cells. | in previous studies we have shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection suppresses host-cell protein synthesis in human endothelial cells (ec). it has been demonstrated that lithium salts prevent viral replication in hsv-1 infected cells. in the present study, we have measured host-cell protein synthesis in hsv-1 infected ec in the presence or absence of 20 and 30 mm licl. although licl restored synthesis of almost all host-cell proteins, [35s]methionine incorporation was most prono ... | 1989 | 2543386 |
| the central segment of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (gc) is not involved in c3b binding: demonstration by using monoclonal antibodies and recombinant gc expressed in escherichia coli. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been raised against cell membrane-derived herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (gc-1). by using different dna constructs of gc-1 expressed in escherichia coli the sites recognized by these antibodies could be assigned to a peptide in the more hydrophobic and probably non-glycosylated middle third of the gc-1 molecule. this peptide segment corresponds to a 571 bp segment on the gc-1 gene located between the ncoi and the nrui restriction sites. none of ... | 1989 | 2543790 |
| a case of simultaneous bilateral herpetic epithelial keratitis. | the patient, a 56-year-old man, presented with dendritic keratitis in the right eye and geographic keratitis in the left, with decreased corneal sensation in both eyes. the virus isolated from both eyes was identified as herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) by the indirect immunofluorescent method using anti-hsv-1 monoclonal antibody. antibody tests of paired sera suggested that the epithelial lesions were not primary but recurrent. no significant difference was observed in dna cleavage patterns between ... | 1989 | 2543856 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of the nucleotide analogue (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. | the acyclic nucleotide analogue (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl] cytosine (2, hpmpc) was prepared on a multigram scale in 18% overall yield starting from (r)-2,3-o-isopropylideneglycerol. the key step in the nine-step synthetic route is coupling of cytosine with the side-chain derivative 8 which bears a protected phosphonylmethyl ether group. in vitro data showed that hpmpc has good activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, although it was 10-fold less potent than acyclov ... | 1989 | 2544723 |
| (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uridine requires phosphorylation by the herpes simplex virus (type 1)-induced thymidine kinase to express its antiviral activity. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uridine (bvurd), the riboside counterpart of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdurd), effected a dose-dependent inhibition of viral progeny formation and viral dna synthesis in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1, strain kos)-infected human (e6sm) diploid fibroblast cells. bvurd was directly phosphorylated in hsv-1-infected cells, presumably by the virus-encoded thymidine kinase (tk), since (i) bvurd was not phosphorylated by extracts of cells infected with a hsv-1 strai ... | 1989 | 2545207 |
| use of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter for expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc1, a cytotoxic protein in mammalian cells. | abundant expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc (gc1) in transfected mammalian cells has not previously been achieved, possibly because gc1 protein is toxic to cells. to approach this problem, the gc1 coding sequence was placed under the control of the weak but inducible glucocorticoid-responsive promoter from the mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) long terminal repeat (ltr). as controls to evaluate for gc1 cytotoxicity, the mmtv ltr promoter was used to express glycoprotein gd1 ... | 1989 | 2548078 |
| [intranasal infection of icr mice with herpes simplex virus type 1]. | intranasal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus (hsv) provides a model of human herpetic infection through a natural route of inoculation. five-week-old male icr mice were infected intranasally with various strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and the fundamental aspects of the pathogenicity of this virus were studied. six virus strains examined showed variance in their virulence determined by lethal dose 50 (ld50) for mice. four of the strains were revealed to be virulent, a ... | 1989 | 2549226 |
| [studies on the anti-virus effect of glycyrrhiza uralensis fish. polysaccharide]. | the anti-virus activity of gps has been investigated in vitro using l-929 and fl cell line infected with 7 kinds of dna or rna virus, and the mechanism by which gps exhibits the anti-virus activity has been studied. the results show that gps may inhibit the growth of vsv, adviii, hsv-1 or vv and cpe is also suppressed by gps for protecting culture cell from virus infection. | 1989 | 2550028 |
| lack of correlation between hla-b35 resistance against herpes labialis and antibody titers to hsv-1. | to investigate whether genetic factors linked to the human leukocyte antigens (hla) might influence individual resistance to recurrent herpes labialis (rhl), we studied the frequencies of hla-a, -b, and -c antigens in a sample of sicilian population. the frequency of hla-b35 was significantly decreased in the patient group (p corrected = 0.018). consequently, the relative risk of development of rhl in a subject positive for hla-b35 was 20 times smaller than in a subject who does not bear b35. fu ... | 1989 | 2550869 |
| expression of human hprt mrna in brains of mice infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus-1 vector. | complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) results in a devastating neurological disease, the lesch-nyhan syndrome. this disorder has been identified as a candidate for initial attempts at somatic cell gene therapy. we have previously reported the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vector containing human hprt cdna sequences under the regulatory control of the viral thymidine kinase gene (tk) [palella et a ... | 1989 | 2551779 |
| a novel function of the herpes simplex virus type 1 fc receptor: participation in bipolar bridging of antiviral immunoglobulin g. | we describe a novel function of the fc receptor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), its ability to participate in antibody bipolar bridging. this refers to the binding of a single immunoglobulin g (igg) molecule by its fab end to its antigenic target and by its fc end to an fc receptor (fcr). we demonstrate that various immune igg antibodies, including polyclonal rabbit antibodies to hsv-1 glycoproteins gc1 and gd1 and monoclonal human antibody to gd1 blocked rosetting of igg-coated erythroc ... | 1989 | 2552134 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0 plays a critical role in the de novo synthesis of infectious virus following transfection of viral dna. | as a first step in identifying the functions and intramolecular functional domains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cell protein 0 (icp0) in productive infection and latency, a series of mutant plasmids specifying varying amounts of the icp0 primary amino acid sequence were constructed. in transient expression assays with mutant and wild-type plasmids, the n-terminal half of the icp0 molecule was found to be sufficient to transactivate a variety of viral promoters. although promoters repr ... | 1989 | 2552142 |
| isolation of glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus type 1 by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. | rabbit kidney (rk-13) and human jejunum and ileum (i-407) cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, strain f, were radiolabelled with [14c]glucosamine or [35s]methionine for 24 h. the cells were extracted with 1% triton x-100 and the extracts were separated by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation of the fractions collected from the column revealed a monomeric glycoprotein d (gd) of 52 - 56,000 molecular weight from rk-13 cells and ... | 1989 | 2553170 |
| the influence of different adjuvants on the immune response to a synthetic peptide comprising amino acid residues 9-21 of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | the immuno-modulating properties of different adjuvant systems on the murine humoral and cellular immune response to a synthetic peptide comprising amino acid residues 9-21 of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were investigated. for immunization, the peptide was conjugated to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin by glutaraldehyde and the adjuvants used in this study were freund's complete adjuvant (fca), aluminium hydroxide, the ribi adjuvant system (ras) and two non-ionic block ... | 1989 | 2553820 |
| thymidine kinase deficient human cells have increased uv sensitivity in their capacity to support herpes simplex virus but normal uv sensitivity for colony formation. | a thymidine kinase deficient (tk-) and two thymidine kinase proficient (tk+) human cell lines were compared for uv sensitivity using colony-forming ability as well as their capacity to support the plaque formation of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1). the tk- line (143 cells) was a derivative of one of the tk+ lines (r970-5), whereas the other tk+ line (ac4 cells) was a derivative of the 143 cells obtained by transfection with purified sheared hsv-2 dna encoding the viral tk gene. 143, r970-5 and ac ... | 1989 | 2554138 |
| molecular cloning of human uracil-dna glycosylase, a highly conserved dna repair enzyme. | uracil-dna glycosylase is the dna repair enzyme responsible for the removal of uracil from dna, and it is present in all organisms investigated. here we report on the cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding the human uracil-dna glycosylase. the sequences of uracil-dna glycosylases from yeast, escherichia coli, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and homologous genes from varicella-zoster and epstein-barr viruses are known. it is shown in this report that the predicted amino acid sequence of the ... | 1989 | 2555154 |
| enumeration of viral antigen-reactive helper t lymphocytes in human peripheral blood by limiting dilution for analysis of viral antigen-reactive t-cell pools in virus-seropositive and virus-seronegative individuals. | a limiting-dilution analysis technique was developed which enumerates human t cells with the capacity to secrete t-cell growth factors such as interleukin 2 after contact with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigens (operationally defined as virus-reactive helper t cells [htl]). by using this limiting-dilution analysis technique, the peripheral blood of hsv-seropositive individuals was analyzed for the frequency of hsv antigen-reactive htl and for the ability either ... | 1989 | 2555391 |
| influence of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on antigenicity, processing, and cell surface expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | glycoprotein d (gd) is an envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. gd-1 contains three sites for the addition of n-linked carbohydrate (n-cho), all of which are used. three mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, each of which altered one n-cho addition site from asn-x-thr/ser to asn-x-ala. a fourth mutant was altered at all three sites. the mutant genes were inserted into an expression vector, and the expressed protein was analyzed in transiently transfected cos- ... | 1989 | 2555549 |
| dystrophin in electric organ of torpedo californica homologous to that in human muscle. | we have found that dystrophin is highly concentrated at neuromuscular junctions and innervated membranes of the electric organ of torpedo californica. in acetylcholine receptor-rich torpedo membrane preparations dystrophin represents approximately 0.4% of total protein and can be extracted from these membranes by alkaline treatment in the absence of detergent, indicating that it is a peripheral membrane protein. polyclonal antibodies raised against electrophoretically isolated torpedo dystrophin ... | 1989 | 2556382 |
| preinfection prophylaxis with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein immunogens: factors influencing efficacy. | using a guinea-pig model of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection we explored the protection afforded by preinfection immunization with hsv glycoproteins. glycoprotein immunogens prepared by recombinant dna technology were found to be as effective as immunogens purified from hsv-infected cell cultures. immunized animals developed less severe primary disease and also experienced less frequent recurrent infections. protection was influenced by both adjuvant and route of administration. thes ... | 1989 | 2558156 |
| explants of human oral epithelium exposed to viruses and cancer chemotherapeutics. | cultures of proliferating epithelial cells were established from explants of normal human oral epithelium from healthy young volunteers. the epithelial cells were found permissive for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, coxsackie virus a-4 and a-16, adenovirus type 5, measles vaccine, rubella and influenza type a virus-. medium from deae-pretreated epithelial cultures infected with two subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 showed an increasing content of virusprotein with time by antige ... | 1989 | 2558179 |