| rapid detection of different rna respiratory virus species by multiplex rt-pcr: application to clinical specimens. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) applied in diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations is very useful for sensitivity, specificity and time saving. | 1997 | 9406653 |
| the ns1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a potent inhibitor of minigenome transcription and rna replication. | the ns1 protein (139 amino acids) is one of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and is encoded by a very abundant mrna transcribed from the promoter-proximal rsv gene. the function of ns1 was unknown and was investigated here by using a reconstituted transcription and rna replication system that involves a minireplicon and viral proteins (n, p, l and m2-1) expressed from separate cotransfected plasmids. coexpression of the ns1 cdna strongly inhibited transcr ... | 1998 | 9445048 |
| analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein (f) using monoclonal antibodies. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) fusion (f) protein were produced and characterized by radioimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. these seven mabs together with the previously described mabs (beeler and van wyke coelingh, 1989) to the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) were used to study the antigenic variation of 12 strains of ungulate rsv. all except one mabs specific for the hrsv-f protein reacted wit ... | 1997 | 9453129 |
| respiratory syncytial virus genotypes and disease severity among children in hospital. | to determine the spectrum of n and g genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causing respiratory tract infection and whether particular genotypes are associated with severity of infection. | 1997 | 9496185 |
| autocrine regulation and experimental modulation of interleukin-6 expression by human pulmonary epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | the mechanisms of regulation of interleukin-6 (il-6) production in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected respiratory epithelial cells were evaluated in a549 cell cultures. incubation with purified rsv resulted in significant production of il-1alpha, il-1beta, il-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). addition of saturating concentrations of neutralizing antibodies against il-1alpha, il-1beta, or tnf-alpha into purified rsv-infected cell cultures resulted in a significant inhibition ... | 1998 | 9499112 |
| identification of a conserved neutralization site in the first heptad repeat of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | a large set of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the fusion glycoprotein complex f1f2 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and several polyclonal sera from infected or vaccinated animals were tested in pepscan to locate linear epitopes on the f-protein. the polyclonal sera mapped to antigenic sites that correspond exactly to known antigenic sites on the f protein of human rsv. only the neutralizing mab 3 could be mapped with pepscan. mab 3 reacted with three successive overla ... | 1998 | 9541615 |
| baculovirus expression of the fusion protein gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and utility of the recombinant protein in a diagnostic enzyme immunoassay. | the fusion (f) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was expressed by using a baculovirus vector. antigenicity was tested by immunofluorescence analysis with f-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. antibodies to recombinant f protein raised in a rabbit neutralized brsv and human respiratory syncytial virus infectivity when tested in a plaque reduction assay. the recombinant f protein was evaluated as a source of antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and ... | 1998 | 9542947 |
| new vaccines against mucosal pathogens: rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1997 | 9544318 |
| a number-needed-to-treat analysis of the use of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to prevent hospitalization. | to estimate how many infants in selected high-risk subgroups would require treatment with respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (rsv-ig) to avoid 1 hospital admission and to determine whether this is economically justified. | 1998 | 9559712 |
| interactions between cellular actin and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). | actin the main component of the cellular microfilament network, is present in human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) purified virions, as an internal component. this fact and the results of immunoprecipitation studies indicate that during hrsv infection in hep-2 cells there are interactions between cellular actin and viral components, that can promote a transitory increase in the polymerization of synthetized actin, mainly of the beta isotype. this increased actin polymerization can be related ... | 1998 | 9617766 |
| persistent activation of rela by respiratory syncytial virus involves protein kinase c, underphosphorylated ikappabbeta, and sequestration of protein phosphatase 2a by the viral phosphoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activated the rela (p65) subunit of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) over many hours postinfection. the initial activation coincided with phosphorylation and degradation of ikappabalpha, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of rela. during persistent activation of nf-kappab at later times in infection, syntheses of inhibitors ikappabalpha as well as ikappabbeta were restored. however, the resynthesized ikappabbeta was in an underphosphorylated state, which apparently pre ... | 1998 | 9621019 |
| rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex). | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (hexaplex; prodesse, milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate rna of respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, influenza viruses a and b, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detecti ... | 1998 | 9636869 |
| the effects of virus-specific antibodies on the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and on clinical disease and immune responses in lambs. | low concentrations of antibodies, specific to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been shown to enhance virus replication in human monocytic cell lines by several workers. in the present study, replication of bovine rsv in ovine peripheral blood monocytes was shown to be enhanced in the presence of low concentration of bovine rsv-specific antibodies. antibodies had no enhancing effect on virus replication in secondary lamb testis cells or monocytic cell lines derived from peripheral blo ... | 1998 | 9643456 |
| isolation of the respiratory syncytial virus from a patient with pneumonia, by daniel s. rowe, md, and richard h. michaels, md, pediatrics, 1960;26:623-629. | | 1998 | 9651438 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on the phagocytic and antigen-presenting capacity of peripheral blood monocytes and monocytic cell lines derived from lambs and calves. | human respiratory syncytial virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) suppress lymphocyte responses to mitogens. in the present study, the possible effects of brsv on some functions of antigen-presenting cells (apc) were investigated by exposing ovine monocytic cells to the virus before their use as apc. the depletion of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the near total abrogation of proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (pha). reactivity was restore ... | 1998 | 9651811 |
| antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | new series of escape mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus were prepared with monoclonal antibodies specific for the fusion (f) protein. sequence changes selected in the escape mutants identified two new antigenic sites (v and vi) recognized by neutralizing antibodies and a group-specific site (i) in the f1 chain of the f molecule. the new epitopes, and previously identified antigenic sites, were incorporated into a refined prediction of secondary-structure motifs to generate a detailed a ... | 1998 | 9658147 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced interleukin-4 production by human conjunctival epithelial cells contributes to allergy: preliminary study. | we previously reported allergic conjunctivitis was associated with a local pattern of cytokines and identified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the conjunctival epithelium, in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. we hypothesized that rsv infected the normal conjunctival epithelium and produced interleukin-4 (il-4), causing an allergic reaction. to determine this event, we studied production of il-4 by human conjunctival epithelial cells, after infection with rsv. | 1998 | 9663856 |
| t cell subset analysis in peripheral blood of children with rsv bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is partially an immune-mediated disease in which rsv-specific t cells play a predominant role. the peripheral blood t cell response was studied in patients with rsv bronchiolitis in order to detect evidence for t cell redistribution during natural rsv infection and if so, which subsets are involved. 18 patients with rsv bronchiolitis and 13 control patients were studied. the white blood cell count, the number of t cells and t cell subsets in blood ... | 1998 | 9670363 |
| bronchodilators and rsv-induced respiratory failure: agonizing about beta2 agonists. | | 1998 | 9710273 |
| increased number of t cells committed to il-5 production after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of human mononuclear cells in vitro. | we examined changes in the cytokine profile of t cells induced by in vitro infection with rsv. isolated mononuclear cells from 27 healthy adults and six infants were infected with rsv at a concentration of 3 moi (multiplicity of infection). after 48 h cells were restimulated with phorbol ester and ionomycin in the presence of monensin for 5 h. the intracellular expression of viral antigen, the cytokines il-2, il-4, il-5, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and the expression of surface markers were as ... | 1998 | 9737676 |
| palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. the impact-rsv study group. | to determine the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis with palivizumab in reducing the incidence of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in high-risk infants. | 1998 | 9738173 |
| do microbes with peptides mimicking myelin cause multiple sclerosis if the t cell response to their unique peptides is limited? | this hypothesis for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is based upon assumptions about the response of the t cell repertoire to pathogens. immunologic and epidemiologic observations of several conditions suggest that activation of t cells formed in early life mediate injury to the central nervous system. early in life, selection of lymphocytes by the thymus produces a weakly autoreactive t cell repertoire which, with the help of transient maternally-derived defenses, recognizes pathogens. th ... | 1998 | 9745761 |
| circulation patterns of genetically distinct group a and b strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is classified into two major groups, a and b, each of which contains multiple variants. to characterize the molecular epidemiology of hrsv strains over time, sequencing studies of a variable region of the attachment protein gene from a single community in the united states during 5 successive years were performed. phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades (genotypes) that were further classified in subtypes based on > or = 96% nucleotide similarity. ... | 1998 | 9747732 |
| the effect of fluticasone propionate on respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine release by a human bronchial epithelial cell line. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of bronchiolitis in infants, is an important trigger of asthma exacerbation, and stimulates chemokine production by human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. we tested the effect of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (fp) on rsv-stimulated production of the chemokines interleukin 8 (il-8) and rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted) by a human bronchial epithelial cell line, beas-2b. confluent beas- ... | 1998 | 9754905 |
| [syncytial respiratory virus infections and ribavirin]. | | 1998 | 9759283 |
| discrepancy between results of a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit and immunofluorescence staining for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. | | 1998 | 9796664 |
| [the standardization of an ultramicro elisa assay for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus]. | an ultramicro elisa assay of double antibody for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was standardized. it was used a rvs antiprotein f monoclonal antibody produced by the genetic engineering and biotechnology center (gebc) in havana. the use of this antibody allowed to include crude antigenic preparations instead of purified fractions, which caused a significant reduction of the reactivity obtained with the antigen control. the assay conditions were determine ... | 1996 | 9805041 |
| antigenic and genetic diversity among the attachment proteins of group a respiratory syncytial viruses that have caused repeat infections in children. | antigenic differences between the two major groups of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus may contribute to reinfections with these viruses. additional variability occurs within the two major groups; the importance of intra-group variability in reinfections with rs virus has not been defined. two pairs of group a viruses that had caused sequential infections in children showed g protein amino acid differences of up to 15%. vaccinia viruses were constructed that expressed the g proteins from 2 of th ... | 1998 | 9806017 |
| recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from cdna and construction of subgroup a and b chimeric rsv. | infectious human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was produced from a cdna clone that contains 15,222 nucleotides of rsv genome derived from the a2 strain of subgroup a. recovery of infectious rsv from cdna required cotransfection of only three expression plasmids encoding the nucleoprotein (n), the phosphoprotein (p), and the major polymerase protein (l). inclusion of the m2-1 plasmid was not required in the transfection reaction and if included did not significantly increase the rescue effici ... | 1998 | 9813216 |
| shedding of l-selectin and pecam-1 and upregulation of mac-1 and icam-1 on neutrophils in rsv bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is characterized histologically by epithelial necrosis and peribronchial infiltration of leukocytes, with a high percentage of neutrophils in the airways. we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules (cd11a, cd11b, cd18, cd31, cd54, and cd62l) on neutrophils from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) and peripheral blood (pb) of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis. the expression of cd31 and cd62l on neutrophils from npas is decreased and the expr ... | 1998 | 9815117 |
| generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) from cdna: brsv ns2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human rsv leader region acts as a functional brsv genome promoter. | in order to generate recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), the genome of brsv strain a51908, variant atue51908, was cloned as cdna. we provide here the sequence of the brsv genome ends and of the entire l gene. this completes the sequence of the brsv genome, which comprises a total of 15,140 nucleotides. to establish a vaccinia virus-free recovery system, a bhk-derived cell line stably expressing t7 rna polymerase was generated (bsr t7/5). recombinant brsv was reproducibly recov ... | 1999 | 9847328 |
| differential immune responses to acute lower respiratory illness in early life and subsequent development of persistent wheezing and asthma. | recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that 2 wheezing syndromes coexist in early life: transient wheezing, limited to early childhood, and persistent wheezing, which starts in early childhood and persists beyond that age. | 1998 | 9847431 |
| [severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection influenced by clinical risk factors and subtype a and b in hospitalized children]. | since it is possible to identify the subgroups of rsv, a-subtype and b-subtype, there are findings indicating that the subtype may influence severity of rsv infection. our study was designed to assess the hypothesis that a-subtype infections were more severe than b-subtype infections among hospitalized children. | 1998 | 9871899 |
| detection of bordetella pertussis and respiratory synctial virus in air samples from hospital rooms. | to evaluate the distribution of bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the hospital setting. | 1998 | 9872529 |
| addition of a missense mutation present in the l gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 to rsv vaccine candidate cpts248/404 increases its attenuation and temperature sensitivity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 is an attenuated, temperature-sensitive subgroup a vaccine candidate derived previously from cold-passaged rsv (cprsv) by two sequential rounds of chemical mutagenesis and biological selection. here, cpts530/1030 was shown to be highly attenuated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of seronegative chimpanzees. however, evaluation in seropositive children showed that it retains sufficient replicative capacity and virulence to preclude its direc ... | 1999 | 9882287 |
| host responses to respiratory virus infection and immunization. | | 1999 | 9893361 |
| inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by generic hand dishwashing detergents and antibacterial hand soaps. | in an in-vitro test, generic liquid hand dishwashing detergents were as much as 100-fold more effective than proprietary antibacterial soaps in inactivating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of such detergents for hand washing during annual rsv epidemics, or the incorporation of their antiviral components into antibacterial soaps might be considered to limit nosocomial spread. | 1999 | 9927268 |
| complete protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection following mucosal delivery of synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have previously shown that intraperitoneal immunization of balb/c mice with the 14 amino-acid long synthetic peptides g/174-187 and bg/174-187, representing the region 174-187 of the g-glycoprotein from human (h) and bovine (b) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, completely protects animals from infection with the corresponding virus. a current goal in vaccine development being the delivery of noninvasive protective antigens via mucosal surfaces, we have evaluated the immunogenic ... | 1999 | 10067688 |
| increased production of ifn-gamma and cysteinyl leukotrienes in virus-induced wheezing. | an imbalance of production of t-helper lymphocyte cytokines, favoring overproduction of il-4, is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. however, less is known about the cytokine response in virus-induced wheezing, which is a major cause of morbidity in asthma. | 1999 | 10200012 |
| absence of lung immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge in mice immunized with a recombinant rsv g protein fragment. | the relative immunopathogenic potential of a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130-230 of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-a) g protein (bbg2na), formalin-inactivated rsv-a (fi-rsv), and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) was investigated in mice after immunization and rsv challenge. fi-rsv priming resulted in massive infiltration of b cells and activated cd4(+) and cd8(+) t lymphocytes in mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) and lungs, where eosinophilia and elevated ifn-gamma, il-2, -4, ... | 1999 | 10329575 |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride nose drops in adjunctive treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 1999 | 10349087 |
| human monoclonal antibodies isolated from spontaneous epstein-barr virus-transformed tumors of hu-spl-scid mice and specific for fusion protein display broad neutralizing activity toward respiratory syncytial virus. | two human monoclonal antibodies, rf-1 and rf-2, specifically recognize the fusion protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). these were isolated from spontaneous tumors in scid mice reconstituted with human splenocytes and boosted with fusion protein. the tumors consisted of epstein-barr virus-transformed human b cells in animals with antigen-specific antibody titers>105. the binding affinity of rf-1 and rf-2 to the fusion protein is 1010 and 109 m-1, respectively. the antibodies bi ... | 1999 | 10395839 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus and water-soluble components of cigarette smoke alter production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide by human blood monocytes. | cigarette smoke and virus infections contribute to the pathogenesis and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. the objective of this study was to examine the effects of a water-soluble cigarette smoke extract (cse) and/or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on release from monocytes of the blood from donors of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and nitric oxide (no). both rsv infection and cse stimulated tnf-alpha release from monocytes and there was an a ... | 1999 | 10435757 |
| association of fever and severe clinical course in bronchiolitis. | little attention has been given to the relation between fever and the severity of bronchiolitis. therefore, the relation between fever and the clinical course of 90 infants (59 boys, 31 girls) hospitalised during one season with bronchiolitis was studied prospectively. fever (defined as a single recording > 38.0 degrees c or two successive recording > 37.8 degrees c) was present in 28 infants. these infants were older (mean age, 5.3 v 4.0 months), had a longer mean hospital stay (4.2 v 2.7 days) ... | 1999 | 10451396 |
| comparison of respiratory syncytial virus humoral immunity and response to infection in young and elderly adults. | little information about immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and disease pathogenesis in elderly persons exists. humoral immunity to rsv was assessed in 41 young, 56 healthy elderly, and 49 frail elderly adults by measuring baseline rsv specific igg by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and microneutralization assay (mna) in serum. a comparison of the immune response of 11 young and 28 elderly persons with natural rsv infection was also performed. despite significant differences in age and funct ... | 1999 | 10459160 |
| diagnosis of respiratory viruses in cancer and transplant patients. | | 1999 | 10472479 |
| respiratory viral antigens in autopsy lung tissue specimens from patients with cancer or myocardial infarction. | using immunoenzyme histochemical analysis, we retrospectively examined lung tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 118 patients with cancer who had received chemotherapy and 20 patients who had died after myocardial infarction. respiratory viral antigens were demonstrated in lung tissue specimens from eight of 118 cancer patients and two of 20 myocardial infarction patients. most of the patients with demonstrable viral antigens were febrile and had signs of pulmonary infection, but in no case ... | 1999 | 10476756 |
| passive iga monoclonal antibody is no more effective than igg at protecting mice from mucosal challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosally restricted pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease. although parenteral administration of sufficient rsv-specific igg can reduce severity of lower respiratory tract infection in high-risk infants, delivery of antibody by direct airway administration is an attractive alternative. topical and parenteral administration of an iga monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the rsv f glycoprotein was compared with an igg mab, specific for the sam ... | 1999 | 10479165 |
| community study using a polymerase chain reaction panel to determine the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. | we developed a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) panel, suitable for the detection of seven common respiratory viruses, to study the prevalence of viruses in nasal swabs obtained from clinically stable asthmatic children (n = 21), non-physician diagnosed asthmatic children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (eib) (n = 16), and nonasthmatic, non-eib controls (n = 33). the pcr panel detected viruses in 43/70 (61.4%) specimens but there were no significant differences in prevalence o ... | 1999 | 10524544 |
| priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) promotes interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following rsv challenge. | the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. balb/c mice scarified with vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the secreted form develop a greater pulmonary eosinophilic influx following rsv challenge than do mice scarified with vv expressing the membrane-anchored form. to determine if a soluble form of an rsv protein was sufficient to induce eosinophilia following rsv challenge, a cdna that enco ... | 1999 | 10559323 |
| reverse genetics of the paramyxoviridae. | | 1999 | 10582105 |
| mutations in the 5' trailer region of a respiratory syncytial virus minigenome which limit rna replication to one step. | the 3' termini of the genomic and antigenomic rnas of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are identical at 10 of the first 11 nucleotide positions and 21 of the first 26 positions. these conserved 3'-terminal sequences are thought to contain the genomic and antigenomic promoters. furthermore, the complement of each conserved sequence (i.e., the 5' end of the rna it encodes) might contain an encapsidation signal. using an rsv minigenome system, we individually mutated each of the last seven n ... | 2000 | 10590101 |
| [prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in preterm infants with/without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: hyperimmune globulin (rsv-igiv) and palivizumab (medi-493)]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal epidemics between december and march (april) and remains the main agent that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 24 months of age and preterm infants with a gestational age of 32 weeks and below, who are less than six months of age, are at highest risk for severe rsv infection. rsv-igiv has been demonstrated to reduce significantly rsv associated hospitalizations, rsv a ... | 1999 | 10592925 |
| a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | the fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (piv-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. interaction between the fusion protein of rsv and rhoa, a small gtpase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. we show here a rhoa-derived peptide inhibits rsv and syncytium formation induced by rsv and piv-3, both in vitro by inhibition of cell-to-cell fusion and in vivo by reduction of peak titer by 2 log10 in rsv-infected mice. t ... | 2000 | 10613821 |
| profilin is required for optimal actin-dependent transcription of respiratory syncytial virus genome rna. | transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome rna exhibited an obligatory need for the host cytoskeletal protein actin. optimal transcription, however, required the participation of another cellular protein that was characterized as profilin by a number of criteria. the amino acid sequence of the protein, purified on the basis of its transcription-optimizing activity in vitro, exactly matched that of profilin. rsv transcription was inhibited 60 to 80% by antiprofilin antibody o ... | 2000 | 10623728 |
| chimeric bovine respiratory syncytial virus with glycoprotein gene substitutions from human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv): effects on host range and evaluation as a live-attenuated hrsv vaccine. | we recently developed a system for the generation of infectious bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) from cdna. here, we report the recovery of fully viable chimeric recombinant brsvs (rbrsvs) that carry human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) glycoproteins in place of their brsv counterparts, thus combining the replication machinery of brsv with the major antigenic determinants of hrsv. a cdna encoding the brsv antigenome was modified so that the complete g and f genes, including the gene ... | 2000 | 10627529 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and g and/or sh protein expression contribute to substance p, which mediates inflammation and enhanced pulmonary disease in balb/c mice. | a distinct clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of humans is bronchiolitis, which has clinical features similar to those of asthma. substance p (sp), a tachykinin neuropeptide, has been associated with neurogenic inflammation and asthma; therefore, we chose to examine sp-induced inflammation with rsv infection. in this study, we examined the production of pulmonary sp associated with rsv infection of balb/c mice and the effect of anti-sp f(ab)(2) antibodies on the ... | 2000 | 10644330 |
| synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein g related peptides containing two disulfide bridges. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. approximately 100000 children are hospitalized in the usa each year as a result of rsv infections. during the research and development of subunit human respiratory syncytial virus vaccines (hrsv), we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the g attachment protein. for s ... | 2000 | 10667858 |
| regulated but not constitutive human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) p protein phosphorylation is essential for oligomerization. | purified human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) p phosphoprotein from transfected hep-2 cells is able to oligomerize forming tetramers. the bulk of constitutive p protein phosphorylation (99. 8%) (serine residues 116, 117, 119, 232 and 237) can be removed without affecting protein oligomerization. however, dephosphorylated p protein, produced in bacteria, is unable to oligomerize. this difference can be explained by a transient p protein phosphorylation, detected in hep-2 cells, that could be ... | 2000 | 10675554 |
| evaluation of the antibody specificities of human convalescent-phase sera against the attachment (g) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: influence of strain variation and carbohydrate side chains. | the c-terminal third of the attachment protein (g) of several human respiratory syncytial virus isolates was obtained as either a glycosylated protease-resistant fragment of the purified protein or a nonglycosylated gst fusion protein expressed in bacteria. the reactivity of human convalescent-phase sera with both forms of the protein segment was evaluated in immunoblots. while all serum samples reacted with the mature intact protein of the different isolates, only certain samples reacted with t ... | 2000 | 10686032 |
| significance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 1st year of life. | in this study we investigated the frequency, symptoms and predisposing factors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during the 1st year of life in infants with obstructive airway disease in comparison with infants without airway disease. | 2000 | 10697789 |
| evaluation of the live attenuated cpts 248/404 rsv vaccine in combination with a subunit rsv vaccine (pfp-2) in healthy young and older adults. | the safety and immunogenicity of the live attenuated cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive (cpts) 248/404 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 and the rsv a2 purified f glycoprotein (pfp-2) vaccine candidates were evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial in 60 healthy young adults and 60 healthy elderly subjects using simultaneous and sequential (cpts 248/404 followed by pfp-2) vaccination schedules. both vaccines were well tolerated. the cpts 248/404 vaccine was moderately infectious in both youn ... | 2000 | 10699324 |
| the c-terminal third of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) protein is partially resistant to protease digestion and is glycosylated in a cell-type-specific manner. | the soluble form of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) attachment protein (gs) was purified from the supernatant of infected cell cultures by immunoaffinity chromatography. digestion of gs with proteases and western blot analysis identified two fragments that were partially resistant to protease degradation. reactivity with diagnostic monoclonal antibodies located these two fragments in the primary structure of the g molecule. the large fragment spanned the c-terminal third of the g pr ... | 2000 | 10725417 |
| paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response. | stat1 and stat2 are cellular transcription factors involved in interferon (ifn) signaling and are thus critical for the ifn-induced antiviral state. we have previously shown that the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) blocks both type i and type ii interferon (ifn) signaling by targeting stat1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. to determine whether this is a feature common to all paramyxoviridae, we examined the abilities of sv5, sendai virus (sev), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and ... | 2000 | 10753717 |
| electron microscopy of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein and complexes that it forms with monoclonal antibodies. | full-length fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and a truncated anchorless mutant lacking the c-terminal 50 amino acids were expressed from vaccinia recombinants and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. electron microscopy of full-length f protein in the absence of detergents revealed micelles, (i.e., rosettes) containing two distinct types of protein rods, one cone-shaped and the other lollipop-shaped. analysis of membran ... | 2000 | 10814577 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of subgroups a and b of respiratory syncytial viruses isolated over 9 consecutive epidemics in korea. | to study genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 253 strains from a children's hospital in korea over 9 consecutive epidemics were analyzed. restriction analysis of the entire g protein gene demonstrated 24 genotypes among 188 subgroup a and 6 among 65 subgroup b isolates. two to 4 dominant genotypes of subgroup a cocirculated, and different genotypes predominated in each epidemic. predominant genotypes were replaced with new genotypes ... | 2000 | 10823752 |
| expression of the orf-2 protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2 gene is initiated by a ribosomal termination-dependent reinitiation mechanism. | translation of the open reading frame 2 (orf-2) of the human respiratory syncytial virus m2 gene initiates at one of the three initiation codons located upstream of the termination codon for the first orf. replacement of orf-2 with the major orf of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene followed by systematic mutagenesis of the putative initiation codons demonstrated the usage of these codons as the translational initiators for orf-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. while the e ... | 2000 | 10835365 |
| circulation patterns of group a and b human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in north america. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children, and the elderly. to characterize the circulation patterns of hrsv strains, nucleotide sequencing of the c-terminal region of the g protein gene was performed on 34-53 isolates obtained from 5 communities during 1 epidemic year, representing distinct geographical locations in north america. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 5-7 hrsv genotypes, including 1 or 2 predomi ... | 2000 | 10837167 |
| the core of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is a trimeric coiled coil. | entry into the host cell by enveloped viruses is mediated by fusion (f) or transmembrane glycoproteins. many of these proteins share a fold comprising a trimer of antiparallel coiled-coil heterodimers, where the heterodimers are formed by two discontinuous heptad repeat motifs within the proteolytically processed chain. the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants) contains two corresponding regions that are predicted t ... | 2000 | 10846072 |
| role of type i ifns in the in vitro attenuation of live, temperature-sensitive vaccine strains of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the contributions of type i interferons (ifns) to the in vitro attenuation of three temperature-sensitive (ts) subgroup a and one subgroup b deletion mutant rsv strains were evaluated. the ability of these vaccine viruses to induce ifns at their permissive and restrictive temperatures and their sensitivity to the antiviral effects of exogenous i ifns were tested in human lung epithelial a549 cells. our results show that the highly attenuated and immunogenic subgroup a vaccine strain ts1c produce ... | 2000 | 10860892 |
| the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus facilitates virus attachment and infectivity via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein (rsv-f) can independently interact with immobilized heparin and facilitate both attachment to and infection of cells via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. rsv-glycosaminoglycan (gag) interactions were evaluated using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. rsv-f from a2- and b1/cp-52 (cp-52)-infected cell lysates, rsv-f derived from a recombinant vaccinia virus, and affinity-purified f protein all bound to and were specifically ... | 2000 | 10864656 |
| characterization of a novel respiratory syncytial virus-specific human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in childhood worldwide. the first human rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope to be defined is described. this hla b7-restricted epitope in nucleoprotein (np) was detectable in four healthy, b7-positive adult subjects using b7-rsv-np tetrameric complexes to stain cd8(+) t cells. | 2000 | 10906229 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced chronic bronchiolitis in experimentally infected calves. | human (rsv) and bovine (brsv) respiratory syncytial virus cause similar infections of the lower respiratory tract. therefore, experimentally infected calves are suited to the study of rsv-induced chronic bronchiolitis. colostrum-fed calves aged 17-24 days were successfully infected with brsv. brsv strain 375 was applied as an aerosol on 4 consecutive days. clinical symptoms were already evident on the 1st day after infection. the calves were necropsied 12 weeks after the first infection. focal s ... | 2000 | 10917178 |
| long-term effects of prednisolone in the acute phase of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | follow-up studies have demonstrated that bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is strongly associated with wheezing in the ensuing years. during the acute infection the immune response may induce long-lasting detrimental effects, thereby contributing to post-bronchiolitis wheezing (pbw). therefore, immune-modulating drugs like corticosteroids, administered in the acute phase of rsv bronchiolitis, may prevent pbw and asthma. to evaluate this, we performed a controlled prospect ... | 2000 | 10922130 |
| specific and nonspecific obstructive lung disease in childhood: causes of changes in the prevalence of asthma. | reversible airway obstruction in childhood includes two major groups of patients: those with recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis in early childhood, and those with allergic asthma, which represents an increasingly large proportion of cases through the school years. over the last 40 years of the 20th century, allergic asthma has increased in many countries and in relation to several different allergens. although this increase has differed in magnitude in different countries and also in the ... | 2000 | 10931791 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "cold war" has not ended. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards during its annual outbreaks. it produces significant morbidity in young children and is most severe in those with underlying conditions, especially cardiopulmonary and immunosuppressive diseases. in older patients, rsv may exacerbate an underlying condition or pulmonary and cardiac manifestations. on transplant units, of rsv may be occult and is associated with high mortality rates. the manifestations of nosocomial ... | 2000 | 10987726 |
| chemokines in nasal secretions of normal adults experimentally infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | the goal of this study was to determine time courses of upregulation of several chemokines in nasal secretions after inoculation of human subjects with a low dose of live respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). healthy, nonsmoking young adults were admitted to an inpatient clinical research unit. after baseline studies, subjects were nasally inoculated with approximately 10(3) plaque-forming units of rsv (strain a2), followed by daily nasal lavages. nasal lavage fluid (nlf) was assayed for chemokines ... | 2000 | 10998316 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants and the potential impact of prophylaxis in a united kingdom cohort. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of morbidity in ex-premature infants. in a randomised placebo controlled trial monoclonal antibody prophylaxis showed a 55% reduction in relative risk of hospital admission for these high risk infants, against a background incidence of 10.6 admissions per 100 high risk infants. | 2000 | 10999865 |
| binding of human respiratory syncytial virus to cells: implication of sulfated cell surface proteoglycans. | binding of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) to cultured cells was measured by flow cytometry. using this assay and influenza virus as a control virus with a well-characterized receptor, a systematic search of cell surface molecules that might be implicated in hrsv binding was carried out. treatment of cells with different enzymes or with other reagents suggested that heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (gags) were involved in attachment of hrsv, but not influenza virus, to host cells. this w ... | 2000 | 11038384 |
| bronchiolitis-associated mortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among us children, 1979-1997. | a 1985 estimate that 4500 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated deaths occur annually among us children has not been updated using nationally representative data. thus, 1979-1997 multiple cause-of-death records for children <5 years old listing bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or any respiratory tract disease were examined. deaths among children associated with any respiratory disease declined from 4631 in 1979 to 2502 in 1997. during the 19-year study period, 1806 bronchiolitis-associated death ... | 2001 | 11076709 |
| palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in high-risk infants: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | prophylactic therapy with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in preterm infants. the cost-effectiveness of this therapy has not been evaluated from the provider's perspective using cost data. | 2000 | 11117660 |
| [lack of influence of viral subtype on the clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | | 2000 | 11147076 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection results in activation of multiple protein kinase c isoforms leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen that preferentially infects epithelial cells in the airway and causes a local inflammatory response. very little is known about the second messenger pathways involved in this response. to characterize some of the acute response pathways involved in rsv infection, we used cultured human epithelial cells (a549) and optimal tissue culture-infective doses (tcid(50)) of rsv. we have previously shown that rsv-induced il-8 release i ... | 2001 | 11160332 |
| cd4(+) t cell frequencies and th1/th2 cytokine patterns expressed in the acute and memory response to respiratory syncytial virus i-e(d)-restricted peptides. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific frequencies and cytokine expression patterns of acute and memory cd4(+) t cells from rsv strain-a- and strain-b-infected balb/c mice were determined following restimulation with a panel of 14 predicted rsv i-e(d) peptides from nsp-2, m, sh, f, and l proteins. ten of fourteen peptides stimulated intracellular th1 and/or th2 cytokines in cd4(+) t cells from the mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) and spleens of rsv strain-a- or strain-b-immune balb/c mice. ... | 2001 | 11161454 |
| blocking intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human epithelial cells decreases respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes potentially fatal lower respiratory tract infection in infants. the molecular mechanism of rsv infection is unknown. our data show that rsv colocalizes with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) on the hep-2 epithelial cell surface. furthermore, a neutralizing anti-icam-1 mab significantly inhibits rsv infection and infection-induced secretion of proinflammatory chemokine rantes and mediator et-1 in hep-2 cells. similar decrease in rsv infection ... | 2001 | 11162498 |
| comparison of human respiratory syncytial virus a2 and 8/60 fusion glycoprotein gene sequences and mapping of sub-group specific antibody epitopes. | the fusion glycoprotein, f, of human respiratory syncytial virus is a principal target of neutralising antibodies and an important protective immunogen. among sub-group a strains of the virus the f gene is highly conserved. a comparison of f gene sequences of two sub-group b strains, 8/60 and 18537, indicates that the gene also is conserved within this sub-group. however, both limited sequence variability and antigenic variation occurs between f genes from different virus sub-groups. such variab ... | 2001 | 11170054 |
| who shall not receive palivizumab? | | 2000 | 11183179 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants. it is unusual in that it causes repeated infections throughout life. despite considerable efforts there is as yet no satisfactory vaccine available. this paper reviews the molecular epidemiology of the rsv and describes the complex genotypic structure of rsv epidemics. the evolution of the virus is discussed, with particular reference to the antigenic and genetic variability of the attachmen ... | 2001 | 11262529 |
| n-glycans of f protein differentially affect fusion activity of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (long strain) fusion protein contains six potential n-glycosylation sites: n27, n70, n116, n120, n126, and n500. site-directed mutagenesis of these positions revealed that the mature fusion protein contains three n-linked oligosaccharides, attached to n27, n70, and n500. by introducing these mutations into the f gene in different combinations, four more mutants were generated. all mutants, including a triple mutant devoid of any n-linked oligosaccharide, wer ... | 2001 | 11312346 |
| a newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. | from 28 young children in the netherlands, we isolated a paramyxovirus that was identified as a tentative new member of the metapneumovirus genus based on virological data, sequence homology and gene constellation. previously, avian pneumovirus was the sole member of this recently assigned genus, hence the provisional name for the newly discovered virus: human metapneumovirus. the clinical symptoms of the children from whom the virus was isolated were similar to those caused by human respiratory ... | 2001 | 11385510 |
| handling the cotton rat for research. | first used as an animal model of poliomyelitis in the late 1940s, the cotton rat is currently used in biomedical research for studies of human respiratory syncytial virus and filariasis. the author provides useful information relevant to the care of these research animals, including husbandry considerations, proper handling, and common laboratory procedures. | 2001 | 11385734 |
| anti-ige efficacy in murine asthma models is dependent on the method of allergen sensitization. | murine models used to delineate mechanisms and key mediators of asthma have yielded conflicting results and suggest that the dominant mechanism and mediators required for disease induction differ depending on the model and method of allergen sensitization used. | 2001 | 11398080 |
| reduced expression of surface glycoproteins in mouse fibroblasts persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). | bch4 cells, persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), were obtained by fernie et al. [12] after infection of a balb/c mouse embryo cell line with the long strain of hrsv. to understand the basis of hrsv persistence, the expression of hrsv rnas and proteins was evaluated in bch4 cells and infected parental balb/c and fully permissive hep-2 cells. production of viral mrnas was severely impaired in bch4 cells. in addition, the expression level of the surface glycoproteins ... | 2001 | 11402856 |
| asthma and early childhood infectious disease. infection is trigger rather than cause. | | 2001 | 11463693 |
| cleavage of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein at two distinct sites is required for activation of membrane fusion. | preparations of purified full-length fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) expressed in recombinant vaccinia-f infected cells, or of an anchorless mutant (f(tm(-))) lacking the c-terminal 50 amino acids secreted from vaccinia-f(tm(-))-infected cells contain a minor polypeptide that is an intermediate product of proteolytic processing of the f protein precursor f0. n-terminal sequencing of the intermediate demonstrated that it is generated by cleavage at a furin-motif, re ... | 2001 | 11493675 |
| genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus over four consecutive seasons in south africa: identification of new subgroup a and b genotypes. | the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied over four consecutive seasons (1997-2000) in a single tertiary hospital in south africa: 225 isolates were subgrouped by rt-pcr and the resulting products sequenced. subgroup a predominated in two seasons, while a and b co-circulated approximately equally in the other seasons. the nucleotide sequences of the c-terminal of the g-protein were compared to sequences representative of previously defined rsv genotypes. south a ... | 2001 | 11514720 |
| novel carbocyclic nucleosides containing a cyclobutyl ring: adenosine analogues. | (1s,1'r)-cis-1-(3'-aminomethyl-2',2'-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethanol (1) and (1s,1'r)-cis-1-[3'-(2-aminoethyl)-2',2'-dimethylcyclobutyl]ethanol (2) were used as precursors in the synthesis of cyclobutyl nucleoside analogues containing adenine and 8-azaadenine moieties, which were tested as antiviral and antitumoral agents in a variety of assay systems. compounds 8 and 9 displayed significant activity against respiratory syncytial virus, and compounds 14 and 15 were moderately active against vaccinia ... | 2001 | 11558606 |
| a comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy. | cohorting bronchiolitis patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and/or influenza viruses is paramount in preventing cross-infection of these viruses in hospital. nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was compared with immunofluorescence (if) for the detection of rsv subtypes a and b in children with suspected bronchiolitis. co-infection with influenza a(h3n2), chlamydia spp. and picornavirus/rhinovirus was also investigated using molecular techniques.a total of 50 nasopharynge ... | 2001 | 11567557 |
| residual dna quantification in clinical batches of bbg2na, a recombinant subunit vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus. | bbg2na, a well-defined recombinant protein produced in escherichia coli, is a promising human respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate. this study describes the quantification of residual dna in large scale batches used in phase i to iii clinical trials. two different analytical methods were developed and applied on five different final bulks of drug substance and their associated in process control samples, namely a chemiluminescent hybridisation assay and the total dna threshold s ... | 2001 | 11580216 |
| immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. | vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ... | 2001 | 11672545 |