| [pathogenicity of parainfluenza virus type 3 in mice]. | | 1988 | 2855381 |
| complete sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of human parainfluenza type 3 virus: comparison with other negative strand viruses. | the sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna and its encoded protein were deduced by sequencing a cdna clone representing the complete mrna. the cdna sequence was confirmed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of purified viral genomic rna by primer extension using synthetic oligonucleotides. the np mrna contains 1,641 nucleotides exclusive of poly(a) and encodes an np protein of 515 amino acids. alignment of the human parainfluenza type 3 virus (pf3) np protein sequence with that of send ... | 1986 | 2878059 |
| contribution to laboratory diagnosis of mumps and parainfluenza. | specific igm and igg antibodies to mumps virus (mv) were detected in sera of mumps-patients by elisa in agreement with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (if). of given sera 37.5% contained igm reacting in indirect elisa also with the antigens of parainfluenza virus (piv) t3. in all patients with respiratory illness over 2 years of age, the significant increase of antibodies to piv in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test was in good correlation with serum igm and igg antibody ... | 1988 | 2906222 |
| a serologic epidemiological study of parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 viruses in beef cattle and calves in illinois. | beef cattle and calves in four illinois populations were studied. serum was tested by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for antibodies to parainfluenza viruses (piv) 1, 2, and 3. in all but group 3 a low level of antibody to piv-1 and 2 was demonstrated. the highest prevalence and incidence of hi-antibodies was found for piv-3, followed by piv-1. there may have been a cross-reaction between piv-1 and -3 in group 1 calves. the low level of hi antibodies to piv-1 and 2 may have resulted fr ... | 1985 | 2986256 |
| properties of temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 selected during the course of persistent infection. | we investigated properties of the ts mutants that were selected during the course of persistent infection of vero cells by parainfluenza virus type 3. the mutants demonstrated leakiness when infecting cells at high moi and interfered with the growth of wild type virus, apparently by inhibiting a step prior to rna synthesis. | 1985 | 2986583 |
| intracellular synthesis of human parainfluenza type 3 virus-specified polypeptides. | the intracellular synthesis of human parainfluenza type 3 virus-specified polypeptides was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35s]methionine-labeled cell extracts under reducing conditions. all of the virion structural proteins were detected in cell extracts, including: l, 180,000 molecular weight (180k); p, 83k; hn, 69k; np, 66k; f0, 60k; f1, 51k; and m, 38k. p and np were phosphorylated. hn and f were glycosylated. the kinetics of intracellular viral protein synthesis did not d ... | 1985 | 2987519 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on the epidemiological development of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | surveillance of certain respiratory viral infections by applying immunofluorescence (if) examinations to samples of nasopharyngeal secretions has been evaluated using a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears. samples from 711 children living in different parts of norway were examined during the winter 1982/83 and a positive diagnosis was made for 290 children (41%). temporal epidemic peaks were observed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 and influe ... | 1985 | 2989359 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of the guinea pig as a model for virus-provoked airway hyperreactivity. | the parainfluenza 3 (p-3)-infected guinea pig was examined as a model for virus-provoked airway hyperreactivity by measuring changes in airway overflow pressure in response to intravenously (iv) administered histamine. in vitro responses of lung parenchymal strips to several contractile substances were also measured. all studies were conducted 4 days after nasal insufflation with p-3 or p-3 growth medium (control). increases in airway overflow pressure caused by histamine were enhanced by p-3 in ... | 1985 | 2992331 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 5-thiobredinin and certain related 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides. | a number of 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides were prepared and tested for their biological activity. treatment of 5-chloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (2) with methanethiol provided 5-(methylthio)-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (3a). similar treatment of 2 with ethanethiol or benzenemethanethiol gave the corresponding 5-ethylthio and 5-benzylthio derivatives 3b and 3c. oxidation of 3a and 3b with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid furnished the corre ... | 1985 | 2993613 |
| comparison of interferon production in cattle after intranasal infection with parainfluenza-3 live vaccine and avirulent ibr/ipv-herpesvirus. | | 1985 | 2996264 |
| studies on human parainfluenza virus 3: characterization of the structural proteins and in vitro synthesized proteins coded by mrnas isolated from infected cells. | the structural proteins of human parainfluenza virus 3, a member of the paramyxovirus family, were characterized by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled virus. the purified virion contains at least eight structural proteins, with estimated molecular weights of 251k, 90k, 71k, 68k, 65k, 51k, 35k, and 21k, respectively. three of the polypeptides (71k, 65k, and 51k) were identified as glycoproteins based on their incorporation of [3h]glucosamine. disruption of the virus by triton ... | 1985 | 2998013 |
| microwave sterilization of nitrous oxide nasal hoods contaminated with virus. | although there exists a desire to eliminate the possibility of cross-infection from microbial contaminated nitrous oxide nasal hoods, effective and practical methods of sterilization in a dental office are unsatisfactory. microwaves have been used to sterilize certain contaminated dental instruments without damage. in this study nasal hoods contaminated with rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus were sterilized in a modified microwave oven. ninety-five percent of ... | 1985 | 2999676 |
| epizootiological survey of parainfluenza-3, reovirus-3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral antibodies in sheep and goat flocks in quebec. | a serological survey was conducted in an attempt to detect antibodies against bovine respiratory viruses in sheep and goats from seven geographical areas of quebec. sera from 10% of the animals in 182 sheep flocks and 40 goat flocks were collected and specific antibodies against parainfluenza-3, reovirus type 3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses were detected by hemagglutination-inhibition tests for the former viruses and complement fixation and seroneutralizati ... | 1985 | 3000551 |
| parainfluenza virus bronchiolitis. epidemiology and pathogenesis. | an investigation of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bronchiolitis due to parainfluenza virus (pv) was carried out. bronchiolitis due to pv occurred most commonly in non-caucasian males. breast-fed infants exhibited a reduced risk of developing bronchiolitis. once an episode of pv bronchiolitis occurred, both exposure to cigarette smoke and bottle feeding were associated with an increased frequency of recurrent wheezing, and subsequent infection with respiratory virus almost uniformly result ... | 1986 | 3002169 |
| seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to selected viruses in the respiratory tract of lambs. | a serologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to, and infection rate of, mastadenovirus ovi 5, m ovi 6, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, and ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) virus in lambs at a ram lamb growth-rate test station. for 2 consecutive years, serum samples were prepared from blood collected from 1- to 2-month-old ram lambs as they entered the test station (1st ... | 1985 | 3002217 |
| [structural organization and proteins of the human type-3 para-influenza virus]. | the structure of human parainfluenza type 3 virus was studied by electron microscopy and virion fractionation by treatment with a detergent and high ionic strength. the protein spectrum of the virus was studied. the presence of 6 structural proteins was revealed of which two, hn and f, are glycoproteins. intracellular cleavage of f0 protein into f1+2 proteins was demonstrated in a pulse-chase experiment. a tighter binding of hn protein than of f protein with the virus lipoprotein membrane was ob ... | 1986 | 3008440 |
| effect of recombinant dna-derived bovine and human interferons on replication of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory syncytial viruses. | antiviral effects of recombinant dna-derived bovine (bo) and human (hu) interferons (ifn) on the replication of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory syncytial viruses were studied. bovine monolayer cultures were treated with recombinant dna-produced bo ifn-alpha 1, bo ifn-beta 2, hu ifn-alpha a, or hu ifn-alpha a/d and then challenge exposed with bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, or vesicular stomatitis virus. treatment with ... | 1986 | 3008606 |
| 3'-terminal sequence of human parainfluenza virus 3 genomic rna. | | 1986 | 3012476 |
| conserved structures among the nucleocapsid proteins of the paramyxoviridae: complete nucleotide sequence of human parainfluenza virus type 3 np mrna. | the nucleotide sequence of the mrna coding for the nucleocapsid protein (np) of the paramyxovirus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), has been determined. the np mrna was found to contain 1642 bases, excluding poly(a), and encode a protein of 515 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 57,823. amino acid residues 1 through 420 of piv-3 np protein showed extensive sequence homology with the corresponding amino acids of sendai virus nucleocapsid protein. there was virtually no homology betw ... | 1986 | 3012866 |
| fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: nucleotide sequence of the gene, direct identification of the cleavage-activation site, and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the complete sequences of the fusion (f) mrna and protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) were determined from overlapping cdna clones. to confirm the cdna sequence, the complete sequence of the f gene was determined independently by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of genomic rna using synthetic oligonucleotide primers. the mrna contains 1845 nucleotides, exclusive of poly (a), has an unusually long (193-nucleotide) 5' nontranslated region, and encodes an f0 protein of 539 amino acids. th ... | 1986 | 3012869 |
| induction of immunity against pneumonic pasteurellosis following experimental infection in calves. | immunity against pneumonic pasteurellosis was studied in calves after recovery from experimental respiratory disease with pasteurella haemolytica. nine calves were exposed to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica a1 six days apart to produce respiratory disease. after recovery from the disease, these nine principal and four control calves were challenged with aerosols of bovine herpesvirus 1 and p. haemolytica a1 four days apart. with this viral-bacterial challenge, the n ... | 1986 | 3017526 |
| the association between serological titers in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine virus diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus and treatment for respiratory disease in ontario feedlot calves. | a seroepidemiological study of the association between antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine virus diarrhea and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease was conducted. a total of 322 calves from five different groups were bled on arrival, then one month later all cases (cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease) were rebled together with an equal number of controls (cattle not treated for any disease). titers t ... | 1986 | 3017529 |
| the effect of parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica on oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent bactericidal mechanisms of ovine pulmonary phagocytic cells. | groups of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated by the intratracheal route with pasteurella haemolytica, either alone or 4 or 6 days after the inoculation of parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3). other groups were inoculated with pi3 followed by veal infusion broth, or with uninfected cell culture fluid followed by veal infusion broth (controls). all lambs were killed 24 h after the second inoculation. pulmonary phagocytic cells were recovered by lavage and separated into alveo ... | 1986 | 3018994 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 in pigs. | | 1986 | 3024379 |
| reduction in in vivo testing at the national veterinary services laboratories of the united states department of agriculture. | efforts are being made at the national veterinary services laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of usda licensed veterinary vaccines. a hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (snit) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza (pi3) vacc ... | 1986 | 3025035 |
| [viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in madagascan children]. | a total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the pediatric department of antananarivo general hospital from may to july 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were mor ... | 1986 | 3026268 |
| isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus from bull's semen. | | 1986 | 3027942 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus genome: the genes of the f and hn glycoproteins. | by analysing complementary dna clones constructed from genomic rna of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire f and hn genes. their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (hpiv3), about 45% with those of sendai virus, and about 20% with those of sv5 and newcastle disease virus (ndv), indicating, together with the results described in the preceding paper on the np, p ... | 1987 | 3031615 |
| alveolar macrophage phagocytic kinetics following pulmonary parainfluenza-3 virus infection. | qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the cellular components of bronchoalveolar washings of calves with experimental parainfluenza-3 virus pneumonitis and control calves were made. calves were exposed to 10(9) tcid50 of pi-3 by intranasal aerosol exposure and bronchoalveolar cells obtained 7 days after infection by volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage. transient tachypnea and pyrexia occurred in all infected calves, and virus was recoverable at 7 days from nasal swabs and lung tissue ... | 1987 | 3033112 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) protein gene has been determined. the hpiv3 f gene is 1851 nucleotides long including six u residues in the genomic rna, which probably direct synthesis of the first few nucleotides in the f mrna polyadenylate tail. the hpiv3 f gene contains a single long open reading frame coding for 539 amino acids. the predicted molecular weight of the unglycosylated precursor f0 protein was 60031. four potential carbo ... | 1987 | 3033123 |
| [proteins of the human parainfluenza virus]. | proteins of human parainfluenza type 3 virus propagated in green monkey kidney cultures are described. the presence of 4 major and 3 minor polypeptides is described along with their molecular weights. protein f1 was found as a double band, its both components having a similar intensity. only the upper band of f1 protein was found in the virus grown in vero cell culture which has a low sensitivity for this virus. fractionation of the virus and analysis of the proteins of subviral structures were ... | 1987 | 3037795 |
| cytopathic effects of parainfluenza virus type 3 in organ cultures of human respiratory tract tissue. | | 1968 | 4295104 |
| parainfluenza virus immunization. iv. simultaneous immunization with parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3 aqueous vaccines. | | 1967 | 4378106 |
| effect of anti-prostaglandin therapy in experimental parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in weaned, conventional calves. | an acute pneumonia was induced experimentally in 10, 10- to 12-week-old conventional calves by administration into the upper airways of a pathogenic strain of parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus. the experimental calves had been selected on the basis of freedom from clinical evidence of respiratory and other diseases, freedom from current infection by pi3 virus as judged by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and freedom from earlier pi3 virus infection as judged by their lack of significant levels of ... | 1984 | 6089403 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec. | serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ... | 1984 | 6089626 |
| acquisition of serum antibodies to specific viral glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus 3 in children. | a radioimmunoprecipitation assay was used to study antibody responses to parainfluenza virus 3 glycoproteins in human sera. the method was not only more sensitive than the neutralization test for the detection of antibody but also provided semiquantitative assessments of the antibody response to both glycoproteins in a single assay system. anti-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase titers were consistently higher than anti-fusion levels in the same serum specimen. thirteen children were monitored serologi ... | 1984 | 6092715 |
| serological studies of parainfluenza type 3 virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in beef calves. | six serum samples were taken at monthly intervals from birth to weaning from each of 41 newborn calves in the autumn and spring calf crops of a beef cow--calf herd. the serum hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titres to parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3), virus-neutralization (vn) antibody titres to bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined using microtitration techniques. there was serological evidence of a significantly higher inciden ... | 1984 | 6095517 |
| prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and clinical disease by vaccination. | a double blind field trial was carried out with a live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. the trial involved 530 calves, two to 10 months old, on 27 dairy farms, where respiratory problems due to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections had been observed during the preceding year. in 17 herds either all calves were vaccinated (nine groups) or all calves received a placebo (eight groups). in 10 herds half the number of calves were vaccinated and the other half kept as non ... | 1984 | 6097014 |
| evidence of interferon production in the hamster lung after primary or secondary exposure to parainfluenza virus type 3. | experimental infection of the hamster respiratory tract with parainfluenza virus type 3 has been used to study the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia and the host response to infection. in this study, hamsters inoculated intranasally with parainfluenza virus type 3 produced local interferon, which was detected in lung washes obtained by in situ lavage. interferon activity was present as early as 2 days after infection, and titers correlated directly with the quantity of virus recovered in lung wash ... | 1982 | 6178328 |
| a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme stain for the detection of viral antigen or antibody on nitrocellulose transfer blots. | separation of mixtures of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the proteins to support media such as nitrocellulose and detection by immunologic procedures provides a powerful analytic tool for assaying the antibody specificity of antisera or for following the purification of antigens. this technique requires fewer assumptions about antigenic solubility or antibody reactivity than immunoprecipitation methods. we present a glucose oxidase immunoenzyme staining pr ... | 1984 | 6205093 |
| cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity. | | 1980 | 6243354 |
| injury of respiratory epithelium. | the large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. however, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. ... | 1980 | 6250814 |
| cell-mediated immunity in experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus infection. | local respiratory-tract infection was produced experimentally in guinea-pigs by intranasal instillation of a suspension of parainfluenza virus type 3. histologically, interstitial pneumonitis developed within 10 days and persisted for at least 70 days. cell-mediated immunity was measured at intervals for 70 days after infection. dermal reactivity could not be elicited. leucocyte-migration inhibition and macrophage-migration inhibition were increased. macrophage aggregation was present. increased ... | 1980 | 6253642 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from an infant with meningoencephalitis. | a parainfluenza virus type 3 strain was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant with a clinical diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. specific hai antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3, ranging in titer from 1/80 to 1/160 could be detected in the infant's serum. a 2-fold rise in the level of complement fixing serum antibodies-from 1/16 at the first to 1/32 at the second collection-was recorded. | 1980 | 6254243 |
| persistent parainfluenza virus shedding during isolation at the south pole. | persistent parainfluenza virus shedding in healthy young adults occurred throughout the 8 1/2-month winter isolation period at amundsen-scott south pole station during 1978. two episodes of respiratory illness were observed after 10 and 29 weeks of complete social isolation. throat swabs collected both routinely, and during each outbreak of respiratory illness, were directly inoculated into cell cultures. parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 were recovered from both symptomatic and asymptomatic sub ... | 1981 | 6256653 |
| the effect of vaccination of lambs with live parainfluenza virus type 3 on pneumonia produced by parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica. | | 1980 | 6258113 |
| a terminal labelling assay using 3h-uridine to measure cell-mediated cytotoxic responses against parainfluenza type 3 infected target cells. | the standardisation of a terminal labelling cytotoxicity assay which used the incorporation of 3h-uridine to measure target cell survival of the effector phase is described. this assay was applied to a preliminary study of the cell-mediated responses of sheep following intravenous inoculation of pi-3 virus. the assay provided a simple, accurate, and reproducible method to measure cytotoxic responses against pi-3 infected target cells. the experimental data did not require mathematical correction ... | 1981 | 6262347 |
| sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus. | a sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus was developed in vero and ma 104 cell cultures. the tests were performed in semimicrotoiter trays containing 24 wells, 16 mm in diameter. parainfluenza virus type 1 formed plaques in vero and ma 104 cells only when trypsin was added to the overlay medium. plaquing of parainfluenza virus type 1 was more sensitive and technically reproducible in ma 104 cells than in vero cells. parainf ... | 1981 | 6262372 |
| [growth of bovine fetal cells after intrauterine virus infection of the fetus]. | | 1981 | 6272468 |
| causes of atypical pneumonia: results of a 1-year prospective study. | in a protocol study of cases of atypical pneumonia over a 1-year period an etiologic agent was established in 16 cases: legionella pneumophila in 8, coxiella burnetii in 3, chlamydia trachomatis in 2, mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1, para-influenza 3 virus in 1 and cytomegalovirus in 1. in the remaining 11 cases no agent was identified; the illnesses in these cases tended to be less severe. the pneumonia took much longer to resolve in the patients with legionnaires' disease than in all the other pati ... | 1981 | 6275975 |
| [detection of pi-3 viruses, bvd-md viruses and parvoviruses in bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections]. | growing organ cultures prepared from foetuses experimentally infected in utero by the viruses pi-3 and bvd-md or bovine parvovirus proved to be suitable in tests with the re-isolation of these viruses 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 and 70 days after infection. the attempts at demonstrating them by the traditional method of the inoculation of the primary cell culture of foetal kidneys were successful only at the re-isolation of the pi-3 virus seven days after infection. the pi-3 virus without cytopathic effec ... | 1981 | 6277080 |
| immunity to parainfluenza type 3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica in sheep. | | 1981 | 6277166 |
| prevalence of antibodies to parainfluenza-3 virus in various wildlife species and indigenous cattle sharing the same habitats in kenya. | | 1981 | 6279891 |
| comparative study of vaccines in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. | vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd), bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3), and bacterin against pasteurella hemolytica and p. multocida were studied to determine their effectiveness when given 30 days before weaning in preventing respiratory disease in beef calves after weaning. a total of 310 calves, 6 to 8 months old, were divided into 3 groups. group i consisted of 51 calves vaccinated with a temperature sensitive mutant vaccine intranasally (ibr-pi- ... | 1982 | 6280257 |
| virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows. | from aug 1, 1979 to aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. an additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. the 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion. all samples were tested for the presenc ... | 1982 | 6285771 |
| lung infiltrates following removal of a neck mass. | | 1982 | 6286452 |
| cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus type 3: induction of three phenotypic markers. | in order to attenuate parainfluenza type 3 virus, a wild type strain that was isolated from a child with respiratory disease was adapted to replicate in african green monkey kidney cells at 20 degrees c. replication at 20 degrees c was not a property of the wild type virus. the virus was serially passaged 45 times in the cold, and clones were selected following passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45. the population of cold-adapted virus was found to be progressively enriched with temperature sensitive ... | 1982 | 6298358 |
| experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in young lambs: pathologic response. | pulmonary changes in five 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus were studied by immunofluorescent, microscopic, and ultrastructural techniques. the lambs were killed at postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, and 7. immunofluorescence specific for parainfluenza type 3 virus was first seen in small airways and alveolar epithelium and later in the lumens of airways and alveoli and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitium of the lungs. grossly, the ... | 1982 | 6299138 |
| [virological and morphological studies of a model of parainfluenza-3 virus persistence]. | | 1982 | 6303062 |
| serology of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 has been compared with the hemagglutination inhibition test on 130 field sera, and seven other paired sera showing a significant raise of titers. the elisa was found to be four to 64 times more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test and the two tests demonstrated a good correlation. | 1983 | 6309348 |
| disseminated parainfluenza infection in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. | an 8-month-old male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted to the hospital with pneumonitis and, subsequently, died at 21 months of age. during his lengthy hospitalization, parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) was isolated from respiratory secretions and unusual sites, such as pericardial fluid, csf, and wbcs. a postmortem examination showed apparent viral pancreatitis, and piv-3 was isolated from the lung, brain, and pericardial fluid. to our knowledge, this is the fir ... | 1983 | 6314807 |
| a field trial, of preshipment vaccination, with intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-parainfluenza-3 vaccines. | a total of 849 calves, 278 controls, 335 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ts and 236 vaccinated intranasally with ibr-pi3/ptc were studied in a field trial of preimmunization. all calves were vaccinated in saskatchewan at least three weeks prior to shipment to feedlots. four hundred and twenty six calves were not sold within eight weeks of vaccination; however, seven of these died within four weeks of vaccination. treatment rates varied from 1.0% to 5.2%. there was no significant effect of v ... | 1983 | 6315194 |
| epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons. | a laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. for personnel known to have had contact ... | 1983 | 6315655 |
| evaluation of the attenuated vaccine para-ribovac. | | 1983 | 6316694 |
| improvement of respiratory syncytial virus replication in actively growing hep-2 cells. | the growth of respiratory syncytial (rs) and parainfluenza type iii (pi3) viruses has been studied in actively growing versus relatively stationary hep-2 cells. there was no effect on pi3 virus growth. rs virus synthesis was stimulated from 20- to 60-fold by growth in actively growing cultures when the cell density was approximately 1/3 that of a confluent culture. this stimulation was manifested by a greater yield of virus per cell, more virus-specific mrna produced per cell, and a 50% decrease ... | 1983 | 6317708 |
| immunosuppression in goats inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus. | the humoral and cellular immune responses of goats experimentally infected with an ovine isolate of parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3) were examined. virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine antibody in the serum and csf. lymphocyte stimulation, measured by [3h]thymidine incorporation into peripheral blood leukocytes, was used to determine cellular responses to phytomitogens and virus. there were significant suppression of peripheral blood leukocyte respo ... | 1983 | 6318612 |
| variation of virus replication in primary bovine kidney cell cultures derived from 68 three-day-old calves. | primary kidney cell cultures were prepared from 68 three-day-old calves. complete monolayers of these cultures were infected separately with viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza, and adenovirus 7 viruses. the yield of virus from all infected cultures was calculated by plaque titer assay after 2 to 4 days' incubation. the variation of virus yield was substantial between individual cultures. | 1983 | 6318615 |
| comparative studies on haemagglutinating activity and immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus strains. | | 1982 | 6320610 |
| exposure of calves to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica. | the present study was undertaken to investigate whether sequential exposure to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus followed by pasteurella haemolytica, or p. haemolytica followed by parainfluenza-3 virus, could lead to the production of pulmonary lesions in conventionally-raised calves. twenty male calves with low serum antibody titres to both organisms were placed in five equal groups. synergism of parainfluenza-3 virus and p. haemolytica was not demonstrated in any of the sequentially infected g ... | 1983 | 6320999 |
| a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes. | a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ... | 1984 | 6323512 |
| production of cattle immunotolerant to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into 58 to 125 day old fetuses of bovine virus diarrhea virus seropositive pregnant cows, or inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into seronegative cows 42 to 114 days pregnant, may produce clinically normal calves which are persistently infected with the specific isolate of bovine virus diarrhea virus yet seronegative to the homologous and heterologous isolates. reinoculation of these persistently infected cattle with their homologous isolate pro ... | 1984 | 6326980 |
| evaluation of cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza virus type 3 in weanling hamsters. | cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of parainfluenza virus 3 were produced by serially passaging wild type (wt) parainfluenza virus 3 at 20 degrees c 45 times. previously, plaque-purified viruses (clones) were selected from the wt parent and from cold passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45 and characterized in vitro. in the present study, we evaluated at least one mutant from each cold passage level for attenuation in hamsters. four of the five mutants tested were ts and ca (one e ... | 1984 | 6327899 |
| quantitative measurement of paramyxovirus fusion: differences in requirements of glycoproteins between simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus 3 or newcastle disease virus. | to compare the requirements for paramyxovirus-mediated cell fusion, the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of simian virus 5 (sv5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) were expressed individually or coexpressed in either homologous or heterologous combinations in cv-1 or hela-t4 cells, using the vaccinia virus-t7 polymerase transient expression system. the contribution of individual glycoproteins in virus-induced membrane fusion was ... | 1995 | 7474081 |
| differences in the role of the cytoplasmic domain of human parainfluenza virus fusion proteins. | we have investigated the roles of the cytoplasmic domains of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (pi2) and type 3 (pi3) fusion (f) proteins in protein transport and cell fusion activity. by using the vaccinia virus-t7 transient expression system, a series of f protein cytoplasmic tail truncation mutants was studied with respect to intracellular and surface expression and the ability to induce cell fusion when coexpressed with the corresponding hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins. all of t ... | 1995 | 7474124 |
| antibody responses by cattle after vaccination with commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. | calves were vaccinated with four different commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) immunogens. for the initial vaccination certain vaccines were given twice (days 0 and 28), whereas other vaccines were given on day 0. the calves received another injection on day 140 with the vaccine originally given on day 0. the sera were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 5 ... | 1995 | 7483787 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate against paramyxoviruses in tissue culture and against respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. | n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate (pala), a potent inhibitor of l-aspartic acid transcarbamoylase, was evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against three different paramyxoviruses in tissue culture, and for antiviral efficacy and toxicity in vivo using a cotton rat-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) model. significant in vitro cytotoxicity was observed in proliferating cultures of hep-2 (ic50 = 250 micrograms/ml) and vero cells (ic50 = 32 micrograms/ml), but was less evident in culture ... | 1995 | 7486959 |
| a live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine is attenuated and immunogenic in healthy infants and children. | the safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and phenotypic stability of the cold-passaged (cp) candidate vaccine cp-45, a cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3), was evaluated in 114 children 6 months to 10 years old in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. the cp-45 vaccine was well tolerated when given intranasally to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3)-seropositive and -seronegative children. with 10(4) or ... | 1995 | 7594701 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 phosphoprotein: identification of serine 333 as the major site for pkc zeta phosphorylation. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 p protein is an rna polymerase subunit involved in both transcription and replication during the life cycle of the virus. our laboratory has recently shown that the p protein is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo by the cellular protein kinase c (pkc) isoform zeta and that this phosphorylation is essential for viral replication. to identify the site(s) of phosphorylation, we have used cnbr cleavage, phosphoamino acid analysis, and two-dimensional trypti ... | 1995 | 7645259 |
| asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood and viral examinations. | we report on an asymmetric maculopapular exanthem of early childhood. one hundred eighty seven patients (111 girls, 76 boys) were examined over a four-year period, mainly in winter and spring. the first skin lesions appeared on the trunk or in the large flexures of the limbs. they spread centrifugally, often to the contralateral side, over two to four weeks, and disappeared with slight itching and moderate desquamation within another two to four weeks. virologic studies were carried out in 34 ca ... | 1995 | 7659637 |
| a respiratory outbreak due to parainfluenza virus type 3 in a home for the aged--ontario. | | 1995 | 7749396 |
| localization of a domain on the paramyxovirus attachment protein required for the promotion of cellular fusion by its homologous fusion protein spike. | the promotion of membrane fusion by the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins requires that they be derived from homologous viruses, suggesting the possibility that the promotion of fusion requires a virus-specific communication between the two glycoprotein spikes. we have evaluated the ability of chimeric hn proteins, composed of domains from the hn proteins of two heterologous members of the group, human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) and newcastle disease virus ... | 1995 | 7778280 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| topical immunoglobulin is an effective therapy for parainfluenza type 3 in a cotton rat model. | a cotton rat model was used to test the efficacy of topical immunotherapy against parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) infection. on day 3 after experimental infection with 10(5.5) pfu of piv3, animals were treated with 2-fold dilutions of convalescent cotton rat serum or with one of two purified human immunoglobulin preparations; all three had moderate titers of anti-piv3 neutralizing antibody (range, 1:200-1:1000). therapy with high concentrations of all three preparations resulted in significant reduc ... | 1995 | 7797921 |
| correlation of proteolytic cleavage of f protein precursors in paramyxoviruses with expression of the fur, pace4 and pc6 genes in mammalian cells. | the fusion (f) protein precursor of virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) has a multibasic amino acid sequence at the cleavage site, and intracellular cleavage activation occurs in a variety of cells. the host protease responsible for the cleavage has been proposed to be a subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) such as furin (the product of the fur gene). we found that the lymphocyte cell lines molt-4, ramos and daudi, in addition to nalm6, lac ... | 1994 | 7931173 |
| survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in abu dhabi, united arab emirates. | prevalence of antibodies against some important disease agents in sera from racing camels in abu dhabi (united arab emirates) is reported. antibodies against brucella abortus were detected in 1.5% of racing camels, but only 0.76% had titres sufficient for the animals to be considered infected. the complement fixation test revealed antibodies against coxiella burnetii (causative agent of q fever) in 7.9% of camels (with a geometrical mean titre of 13) and against parainfluenza virus type 3 in 5.6 ... | 1994 | 7949353 |
| paramyxovirus mrna editing leads to g deletions as well as insertions. | paramyxoviruses are thought to edit their p gene mrnas co-transcriptionally, by a mechanism in which the polymerase stutters and reads the same template base more than once. sendai virus (sev) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) are closely related viruses, but sev edits its p gene mrna with the insertion of a single g residue (at approximately 50% frequency) within the sequence 5' a6g3, whereas bpiv3 inserts 1 to approximately 6 gs at roughly equal frequency within the sequence 5' a6g ... | 1994 | 7957115 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus selectively depletes a calcium-independent, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c and inhibits superoxide anion generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. | bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus inhibits oxygen-dependent bacterial killing by phagocytes, a key pulmonary defense, thus predisposing the host to intrapulmonary bacterial superinfection. pi-3 virus inhibited opsonized zymosan or pma-activated superoxide anion (o2-) generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. the respiratory virus influenza also inhibits o2- generation by phagocytes, however, the mechanisms(s) of viral inhibition differs from pi-3. pi-3 did not trigger o2- generation before in ... | 1994 | 8027547 |
| post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in an elderly female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | a 69-year-old japanese female was admitted because of general fatigue. laboratory data showed elevation of serum total bilirubin, transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatinine levels. an immunological study revealed hypergammaglobulinemia, low titer of complement, and high titers of antinuclear antibody, anti-dna antibody, and circulating immune complexes. antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 were positive. histology of the liver disclosed numerous giant cell hepatocyte transformati ... | 1994 | 8061807 |
| fatal, generalized bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection associated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine administered to neonatal calves. | generalized bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection was diagnosed in six salers calves from the same herd. the calves had received an intramuscular injection of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine between birth and three days of age. the purpose of this study was to determine if the outbreak was associated with the vaccine strain of bhv-1. analysis of epidemiological data and bhv-1 dna for restriction fragment length polymorphism was undertaken. multifocal necr ... | 1994 | 8076277 |
| rapid detection of parainfluenza virus type 3 rna in respiratory specimens: use of reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), an important lower respiratory tract pathogen in young children and immunocompromised individuals, may be underdiagnosed because of the insensitivity of available culturing systems and delay in identification of virus in cell culture. we developed a reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay (rt-pcr-eia) for piv-3, using primers specific for a highly conserved region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene. testing of nasal washes spiked with piv-3 or other ... | 1994 | 8150961 |
| analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion. | recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ... | 1994 | 8178462 |
| [pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus: role of transplacental myxovirus infection]. | several pediatric cases of hydrocephalus after mumps virus infection, have been reported. these cases are thought to be caused by ependymitis due to mumps virus infection. clinical cases of congenital hydrocephalus possibly caused by intrauterine mumps virus infection are also accumulating. however, it has not yet been made clear whether mumps virus can pass through the human placenta and cause hydrocephalus. our experimental studies demonstrated that mumps and parainfluenza virus type 3 could i ... | 1994 | 8185971 |
| field study of undifferentiated respiratory disease in housed beef calves. | a severe outbreak of undifferentiated respiratory disease affecting 119 of 144 (82.6 per cent) two- to five-month-old housed beef calves was studied by monitoring their clinical signs and rectal temperatures daily or every second day for two months. new cases of respiratory disease, which were first identified three weeks after the calves were housed, occurred over a period of 29 days. the cause of the outbreak was not conclusively determined although 20 per cent of the calves sampled showed ser ... | 1994 | 8203107 |
| parainfluenza virus infection in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | the clinical course of parainfluenza virus infection occurring in 8 of 265 (3%) adult bone marrow transplant recipients during 1991 was reviewed. parainfluenza virus type 3 was isolated from all eight patients. the clinical course ranged from self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (2 patients) to severe lower respiratory tract disease (6 patients) associated with a 50% mortality. this study highlights the important role of community respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus in the ... | 1993 | 8243487 |
| a time-course study of airway hyperresponsiveness in conscious parainfluenza virus type 3-infected guinea pigs. | the study of virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness may provide insight into mechanisms that contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma. we examined changes induced by parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) in lung lesions, tissue weights, and airway responsiveness to aerosols of histamine, methacholine, or citric acid in conscious guinea pigs, using modified whole body plethysmography. during the first week after inoculation, infected lung tissue had peribronchiolitis and airway hyperrespon ... | 1993 | 8277724 |
| microencapsulated human parainfluenza virus induces a protective immune response. | human parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus was incorporated into microspheres composed of a biocompatible and biodegradable dl-lactide and glycolide copolymer. sera from mice immunized with these microspheres showed an antibody response to the viral glycoproteins and neutralized virus infectivity. the microspheres were also evaluated by intraperitoneal, oral, or intranasal administration to determine their protective efficacy in the hamster. after challenge infection of the intraperitoneally immuniz ... | 1993 | 8382726 |
| comparison of soluble and secreted forms of human parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins expressed from mammalian and insect cells as subunit vaccines. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) is one of the leading causes of paediatric viral respiratory disease. the piv-3 genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, f and hn, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed secreted forms of the f and hn proteins and a novel chimeric fhn glycoprotein in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus vectors and secreted forms of the f and fhn glycoproteins in stably transformed chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. compariso ... | 1993 | 8383178 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3)-specific and non-virus-specific delayed type hypersensitivity responses in cotton rats given different piv3 antigen preparations. | virus-specific, t-lymphocyte-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were studied in cotton rats using replicating (wild-type parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing piv3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins), and non-replicating (detergent-solubilized, affinity chromatography purified hn and f glycoproteins or inactivated whole piv3) virus preparations. significant virus-specific dth responses were observed in all test ... | 1993 | 8383384 |
| the antiviral activity of sp-303, a natural polyphenolic polymer, against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in cotton rats. | sp-303, a naturally occurring polyphenolic polymer (average m.w. = 2100 da), was tested in cotton rats (sigmoden hispidus) for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) viruses, and for acute toxicity. significant reductions in pulmonary rsv titers, compared to pulmonary rsv titers in comparably treated control animals, were seen in cotton rats given 1-10 mg sp-303/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1 through to 3, after experimental inoculation ... | 1993 | 8384824 |
| rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic rna and replicative-intermediate rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the genome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is a single negative-sense rna strand (vrna) that is 15,463 nucleotides in length. a cdna was constructed to encode an 898-nucleotide, internally deleted version of piv3 vrna, piv3-cat vrna, in which the viral genes were replaced with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. the cat gene was flanked in turn by sequences representing (i) nontranslated sequences of the first and last genes in the piv3 genome, (ii) pi ... | 1993 | 8386276 |