| cyclosporin a inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses. | low micromolar, non-cytotoxic concentrations of cyclosporin a (csa) strongly affected the replication of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov), human coronavirus 229e, and mouse hepatitis virus in cell culture, as was evident from the strong inhibition of green fluorescent protein reporter gene expression and up to 4 log reduced progeny titres. upon high-multiplicity infection, csa treatment rendered sars-cov rna and protein synthesis almost undetectable, suggesting an early block in replication. sirna-me ... | 2011 | 21752960 |
| identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229e. | in 2007, a novel coronavirus associated with an acute respiratory disease in alpacas (alpaca coronavirus, acov) was isolated. full-length genomic sequencing of the acov demonstrated the genome to be consistent with other alphacoronaviruses. a putative additional open-reading frame was identified between the nucleocapsid gene and 3'utr. the acov was genetically most similar to the common human coronavirus (hcov) 229e with 92.2% nucleotide identity over the entire genome. a comparison of spike gen ... | 2012 | 23235471 |
| human coronavirus 229e remains infectious on common touch surface materials. | the evolution of new and reemerging historic virulent strains of respiratory viruses from animal reservoirs is a significant threat to human health. inefficient human-to-human transmission of zoonotic strains may initially limit the spread of transmission, but an infection may be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces. enveloped viruses are often susceptible to environmental stresses, but the human coronaviruses responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respi ... | 2015 | 26556276 |
| evidence for an ancestral association of human coronavirus 229e with bats. | we previously showed that close relatives of human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) exist in african bats. the small sample and limited genomic characterizations have prevented further analyses so far. here, we tested 2,087 fecal specimens from 11 bat species sampled in ghana for hcov-229e-related viruses by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). only hipposiderid bats tested positive. to compare the genetic diversity of bat viruses and hcov-229e, we tested historical isolates and diagnostic specimens ... | 2015 | 26378164 |
| bat origin of human coronaviruses. | bats have been recognized as the natural reservoirs of a large variety of viruses. special attention has been paid to bat coronaviruses as the two emerging coronaviruses which have caused unexpected human disease outbreaks in the 21st century, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), are suggested to be originated from bats. various species of horseshoe bats in china have been found to harbor genetically diverse sars-li ... | 2015 | 26689940 |
| screening of an fda-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. | coronaviruses can cause respiratory and enteric disease in a wide variety of human and animal hosts. the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) first demonstrated the potentially lethal consequences of zoonotic coronavirus infections in humans. in 2012, a similar previously unknown coronavirus emerged, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), thus far causing over 650 laboratory-confirmed infections, with an unexplained steep rise in the number of cases being r ... | 2014 | 24841269 |
| tmprss2 activates the human coronavirus 229e for cathepsin-independent host cell entry and is expressed in viral target cells in the respiratory epithelium. | infection with human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) is associated with the common cold and may result in pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. the viral spike (s) protein is incorporated into the viral envelope and mediates infectious entry of hcov-229e into host cells, a process that depends on the activation of the s-protein by host cell proteases. however, the proteases responsible for hcov-229e activation are incompletely defined. here we show that the type ii transmembrane serine proteases ... | 2013 | 23536651 |
| covid-19: precautionary guidelines for ophthalmologists. | several coronaviruses can infect humans, and the globally endemic human coronaviruses, hcov-229e (human coronavirus 229e), hcov-nl63 (human coronavirus nl63), and others, tend to cause mild respiratory diseases. the zoonotic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type1 (sars-cov-1) have high fatality rates. in december 2019, the world health organization (who) was notified by chinese authorities about an outbreak of pneumonia bef ... | 2020 | 32607305 |
| recent discovery and development of inhibitors targeting coronaviruses. | human coronaviruses (covs) are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. currently, six human covs have been reported including human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e), oc43 (hcov-oc43), nl63 (hcov-nl63), hku1 (hcov-hku1), severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov), and middleeast respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus (mers-cov). they cause moderate to severe respiratory and intestinal infections in humans. in this review, we focus on recent advances i ... | 2020 | 32006468 |