| [transfusion risks and alternatives to transfusion]. | the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has fueled concerns of both physicians and their patients about safety of blood transfusions. although aids has generated the most fear, the risk today is extremely remote (1/60.000 units of blood). the risk of transmitting infectious disease by homologous transfusion is decreasing, as more donor screening and testing measures are implemented. the blood supply is safer that at any time, but small transfusion risks exist. the most com ... | 1992 | 1496180 |
| multiple false-positive serologic tests for hiv, htlv-1, and hepatitis c following influenza vaccination, 1991. | (1) to assess factors associated with the occurrence of multiple false-positive viral enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (htlv-1), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) among individual blood donors and (2) to determine the frequency and time course of this phenomenon. | 1992 | 1501307 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| prevalence of hepatitides in our hemodialyzed population. | we evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis in our hemodialysed population (65 patients, 37 m and 28 f). screening for a and b hepatitis was tested with the ria method and research of the anti-hcv with the immunoenzymatic method (ortho hcv elisa test of 2nd generation). 15 patients (23.07%) were anti-hcv positive (anti-hcv+); 23 (35.38%) showed positivity for 1 or more markers of b hepatitis (hbv+). a meaningful greater prevalence of b virus infections in anti-hcv+ patients (86.66%), compared to ne ... | 1992 | 1501728 |
| syncytial giant-cell hepatitis--a specific disease entity? | syncytial giant-cell hepatitis was recently reported to be related to a paramyxovirus and carried a poor prognosis. twelve patients with syncytial giant-cell hepatitis seen in an 8 1/2-year period in our institute were reviewed. seven patients had an identifiable aetiological cause: two had autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, one had primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, two presented with prolonged jaundice after acute hepatitis a and b, one had chronic epstei ... | 1992 | 1506641 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age attending a health care system. | 1992 | 1525103 |
| high prevalence of viral infection in adults with homozygous and heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and chronic liver disease. | to determine the prevalence of chronic liver disease in adults with homozygous (pi zz) and heterozygous (pi z) alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and to assess the presence of other possible risk factors for the development of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver in these patients. | 1992 | 1530195 |
| [seroprevalence of viral hepatitis c in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | | 1992 | 1532094 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen, hepatitis c antibody, and hiv-1 antibody among residents of a long-term-care facility. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) among residents of a long-term care facility. | 1992 | 1538038 |
| [removal and storage of human bone for transplantation. directives for infection control]. | when bone is transplanted from one person to another, a risk of simultaneous transfer of infectious material is present. transfer of bacteria is commonest but transmission of hepatitis virus and hiv have been described. in order to reduce this risk as much as possible, medical and social screening of the donors are recommended together with hepatitis b antigen test (hbsag), hepatitis c antibody test (anti-hcv) and hiv antibody test. in addition, living donors are preferable on account of the bet ... | 1992 | 1539364 |
| unaltered lymphocyte subsets in hepatitis c virus-seropositive blood donors. | lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by dual-color flow cytometry in whole blood specimens from 35 blood donors who were seropositive on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and whose sera reacted in a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) (referred to as the hcv+r group), 15 donors who were seropositive on elisa for hcv with indeterminate or negative riba results (the hcv+i/n group), and 25 hcv-seronegative controls (hcv-group). the cell subsets assessed ... | 1992 | 1542923 |
| acute exacerbation of liver disease during interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis c. | the case of a 68-year-old man with chronic hepatitis c who developed worsening of liver disease with jaundice when he was treated with alpha interferon is described. his disease activity appeared to improve when interferon was stopped but flared again with reinstitution of treatment. subsequent treatment with prednisone resulted in partial resolution of disease. the patient had antibody to hepatitis c virus and hepatitis c virus rna detectable in serum; titers of these viral markers did not chan ... | 1992 | 1551549 |
| hepatitis c in obstetrics and gynecology. | because of the risk of perinatal transmission and possible sexual transmission, it is important for obstetrician-gynecologists to keep abreast of the rapidly expanding literature on hepatitis c. acute hepatitis c represents about 5% of all reported cases of hepatitis. approximately 50% of acute infections progress to chronic liver disease. risk factors for infection include intravenous (iv) drug use (21-42% of cases), previous blood transfusion (6-17%), and multiple sexual partners (6%); 40-50% ... | 1992 | 1553189 |
| acute sporadic viral hepatitis in ethiopia: causes, risk factors, and effects on pregnancy. | one hundred and ten consecutive cases of acute sporadic hepatitis among ethiopian patients were studied to define viral causes, identify risk factors, and analyze demographic and clinical data. igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus were found in nine patients (8%), and hepatitis b surface antigen and igm antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen were found in 22 (20%); these findings were considered evidence of acute hepatitis a and hepatitis b, respectively. sera from the remaining 79 patients were ... | 1992 | 1576296 |
| prevalence of four blood-borne viruses (hbv, hcv, htlv-i, hiv-1) among haemodialysis patients in japan. | to investigate the prevalence of four blood-borne viruses among a cohort of haemodialysis (hd) patients in japan, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (anti-htlv-i), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (anti-hiv-1) were studied in the sera from 393 consecutive hd patients and in the sera from 786 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from the general population (controls). the prevalen ... | 1992 | 1578219 |
| [hepatitis a to e: symptoms, clinical aspects, prognosis]. | symptoms of acute viral hepatitis during the prodromal period are non-diagnostic. icteric periods are rare in acute hepatitis c, but frequent in patients with hepatitis a and e. clinically, the liver is palpable in 70 to 90%, whereas the spleen is rarely augmented (5 to 10%). the various forms of acute hepatitis can not be distinguished clinically. the prognosis depends on the type of the virus (mutant?) and the immune reaction of the organism. cases of chronic hepatitis are unknown following ac ... | 1992 | 1604095 |
| management of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens: hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. | being a health care worker in today's world is not without risks. accidental exposure to blood carries with it a definite risk of transmission of infection by various bloodborne pathogens, especially the hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency viruses. while infectious disease specialists, hospital epidemiologists, and infection control clinicians can develop many important strategies to reduce this risk--aggressive training, utilization of safer needles, identification of high-risk ... | 1992 | 1623073 |
| the low risk of hepatitis c virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis c-infected hemophilic males: an international, multicenter study. | to study the transmission rate of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the female sexual partners of antibody-positive hemophilic males, 106 partners from three hemophilia centers located in europe, america, and australia were tested for hcv seropositivity using a first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa-1) and, subsequently, a second-generation elisa (elisa-2) and a supplemental recombinant immunoblot assay. additionally, the cohort was tested for the presence of antibody to the human im ... | 1992 | 1627805 |
| safety of virus inactivated antithrombin iii concentrate antithrombin iii immuno (at iii). | in a prospective clinical trial the risk of infection after application of virus inactivated antithrombin iii concentrate antithrombin iii immuno (at iii) was investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. the study was conducted according to the recommendations of the international committee on thrombosis and hemostasis (icth), with the exception that most patients required additional blood products as well as at iii. twenty-seven patients were eligible to test for the risk of acqu ... | 1992 | 1636160 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hepatitis b and c in prostitutes in albuquerque, new mexico. | a survey of persons soliciting sex in an area known to be frequented by prostitutes in albuquerque, nm, included 43 females and 66 males. seroprevalence rates found in this population-based study were as follows: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), 3%; hepatitis b, 39%; hepatitis c, 45%. increased age, intravenous drug use, and condom use were independent risk factors for hepatitis b. female gender and intravenous drug use were independent risk factors for hepatitis c. neither sharing i ... | 1992 | 1636841 |
| outbreak of human calicivirus gastroenteritis in a day-care center in sydney, australia. | between january and march 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among children and staff at a day-care center in sydney, new south wales, australia. over an 11-week period, 53 persons had 101 episodes of gastroenteritis; some patients had 5 separate episodes. the principal etiologic agent in the outbreak, human calicivirus (hcv), was detected by electron microscopy in 32% of fecal specimens from children and staff members with symptoms but in only 8% of asymptomatic individuals (p less t ... | 1991 | 1645369 |
| prevalence of non-a, non-b hepatitis/hepatitis c virus antibody in laboratory quality-assurance sera. | quality-assurance sera (qas) are prepared from pooled sera composed of thousands of individual donations. previous studies documented that a substantial percentage of individual qas test positive for viral disease markers, including antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and to hepatitis b surface antigen. we tested 239 qas from various proficiency programs and commercial sources to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody. we tested samples for anti-hcv by using an enzym ... | 1991 | 1646689 |
| hepatitis c viral rna in serum of patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: detection by the polymerase chain reaction using multiple primer sets. | the recently introduced antibody test for hepatitis c virus infection has already proved to be valuable in many situations such as screening blood donors and diagnosing chronically infected patients, but this antibody assay has certain limitations. hepatitis c virus itself is usually present in clinical specimens at very low titers; therefore a useful assay for the virus must have very high sensitivity. we have developed a simple, highly sensitive assay for hepatitis c virus rna based on the pol ... | 1991 | 1648539 |
| the significance of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | we assessed the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among a cohort of 148 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. sixteen patients (11%) had anti-hepatitis c virus detectable by enzyme-linked immunoassay. the results from eight of these patients were positive by recombinant immunoblot assay. the results of recombinant immunoblot assay testing were not consistent; therefore the analysis of the patients' data was based on anti-hepatitis c virus enzyme ... | 1991 | 1648540 |
| interferon therapy for acute posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis: response with respect to anti-hepatitis c virus antibody status. | to assess the effect of interferon therapy on posttransfusion non-a, non-b acute hepatitis, we examined the appearance of serum hepatitis c virus antibody (anti-hcv) and abnormal serum aminotransferase levels after the onset of hepatitis in 12 patients treated with interferon and in 46 patients treated conservatively. eleven patients were given 3 million units of human fibroblast beta-interferon three times weekly for 4 wk and 1 was given one million units of human lymphoblastoid alpha-interfero ... | 1991 | 1650129 |
| randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eight-week course of recombinant alpha-interferon for chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | forty-nine japanese patients were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of alpha-interferon for chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: 24 patients received 3 million units of recombinant human alpha alpha-interferon (alpha-2a) thrice weekly for eight weeks, and 25 patients received placebo in a similar schedule. the mean serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) dropped from 155 +/- 91 (sd) to 69 +/- 72 during interferon treatment, but remained unchanged (158 +/- 140 to 147 +/- 13 ... | 1991 | 1654240 |
| use of conserved sequences from hepatitis c virus for the detection of viral rna in infected sera by polymerase chain reaction. | three oligonucleotide primer combinations selected from the 5' noncoding, the nucleocapsid and the putative nonstructural regions of the hepatitis c virus genome were compared in a nested polymerase chain reaction assay with respect to sensitivity and specificity for the detection of viral rna in chimpanzee-infected and human-infected sera. sera from both the acute and the chronic phase of the infection were obtained from 13 animals inoculated with five different non-a, non-b hepatitis strains a ... | 1991 | 1655606 |
| heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in female sexual partners of multitransfused men with hemophilia and to compare the frequency of transmission of hcv and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1991 | 1656825 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in different populations in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was investigated among different populations in taiwan, where anti-hcv was detected in 0.8% (24/2,994) of adult volunteer blood donors, 0.1% (1/1,305) of youngsters and children, 12.5% (8/64) of adult volunteer blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt), 36.5% (23/63) of hemodialysis patients, 4.1% (13/318) of male homosexuals, 25.4% (16/63) of cases positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv), 82. ... | 1991 | 1657545 |
| failure to detect hepatitis c virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. | although hepatitis c infection has been clearly demonstrated to be transmitted through blood products or blood contamination, most cases of sporadic hepatitis c infection are unassociated with parenteral risk factors, and it is unclear how infection might be acquired by nonparenteral means. one potential mode of nonparenteral transmission is through body secretions. we used a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether hepatitis c viral genomic rna could be ... | 1991 | 1657752 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of hepatitis c virus isolated from a human carrier: comparison with reported isolates for conserved and divergent regions. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis c virus derived from plasma of a human carrier in japan was determined. the cdna of the isolate (hc-j6) contained 9481 nucleotides and an additional t stretch of 30 to 108 nucleotides at the 3' end, and had one large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein of 3033 amino acids. it differed by 31.8 to 32.1% in the nucleotide sequence and by 27.4 to 27.7% in the amino acid sequence from an american isolate and two japanese isolates previously repo ... | 1991 | 1658196 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis in children: a clinical, histologic, and serologic study. | twenty-seven children with non-a, non-b hepatitis were studied with regard to their clinical, serologic, and histologic features. in contrast to adult patients, non-a, non-b hepatitis developed in most pediatric patients (19 out of 27) in the absence of identifiable parenteral exposure, probably because of fewer chances for exposure of children to blood or blood-contaminated products. perinatal transmission was considered possible in one of the patients. fulminant hepatitis had occurred in six p ... | 1991 | 1658219 |
| genomic structure of the human prototype strain h of hepatitis c virus: comparison with american and japanese isolates. | genomic rna from the human prototype strain h of the hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the hcv-h sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. hcv-h shows 96% amino acid identity with the american isolate hcv-1 but only 84.9% with the japanese isolates hcv-j and hcv-bk. in addition to the hypervariable region (region v) previously identified in the putative e2 domain, three other variable domains were identified: r ... | 1991 | 1658800 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in infants whose mothers took street drugs intravenously. | to assess the risk of transmission of hepatitis c virus from mother to infant during pregnancy or at delivery, we measured the antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) in serum from 43 infants whose mothers took illicit drugs intravenously. passively transmitted maternal anti-hcv was detected in 17 (40%) of the 43 infants tested with the elisa during the first 4 postnatal months. ten of these initially sero ... | 1991 | 1660070 |
| heterosexual and homosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus: relation with hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a seroprevalence study was carried out on 1757 outpatients consecutively seen in a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in order to evaluate the sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv). a total of 1442 consenting patients were tested for hepatitis c, hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hcv, hbv, hiv-1) antibodies. the relations between anti-hcv, anti-hbc and anti-hiv-1 were studied. of 73 anti-hcv positive reactions, 45 (61.6%) were confirmed by the recombinant immun ... | 1991 | 1661241 |
| serological prevalence of hepatitis c virus in a population of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1991 | 1661417 |
| hepatitis c infection in the health care setting. i. low risk from parenteral exposure to blood of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | many patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection have also been infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). to understand better the epidemiology of hcv infection in the health care setting, hcv antibody testing was done for 125 health care workers who had experienced parenteral exposures to blood of hiv-infected patients and for 33 control health care workers without such exposures. of the 158 health care workers studied, two (1.3%) had positive tests for hcv, both on the baseline ser ... | 1991 | 1661566 |
| use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis c virus for detection of viral rna in human serum and plasma. | the nucleic acid sequence of the putative 5'-untranslated (5put) region of hepatitis c virus (hcv), determined for samples obtained from a variety of geographic origins, was found to be over 98% conserved among all isolates. on the basis of this signature sequence for hcv, a viral rna assay was developed by using cdna synthesis with reverse transcriptase, followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the new assay was compared with the ortho-chiron c100-3 hcv enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to ... | 1991 | 1663510 |
| cohort study of hepatotropic virus and human t lymphotropic virus type-i infections in an area endemic for adult t cell leukemia. | we tested for antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human t lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) in 629 normal inhabitants of an adult t cell leukemia (atl) endemic area and in patients with atl, htlv-i associated myelopathy (ham), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) from the same district. the prevalence of serological positivity for each virus was 28.0, 6.4, and 32.6%, respectively, among the 629 inhabitants. there was a positive association between the presence of a ... | 1991 | 1665877 |
| infection control in dentistry. | the risk of transmission of infection within the dental workplace is low, but recent data have indicated that human immunodeficiency virus transmission between dentist and patient can occur, and that while nosocomial transmission of hepatitis b virus is now less likely, a small but significant number of staff may be at risk of hepatitis c virus and varicella zoster virus infection during dental treatment. despite these continued risks, shortcomings remain in cross-infection control in the dental ... | 1991 | 1666310 |
| serological and histological aspects of hepatitis c virus infection in alcoholic patients. | the recent cloning of the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has allowed the detection of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) in human serum. the presence of serum antibodies to hcv often indicates active infection with hcv. we have assessed the serological and histological features in a group of alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease and have evaluated the possible etiologic role of hcv infection in the development of liver damage. serum samples and liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 41 c ... | 1991 | 1667017 |
| branched dna amplification multimers for the sensitive, direct detection of human hepatitis viruses. | branched oligonucleotides (bdna) have been synthesized containing a unique primary segment and a set of identical secondary fragments covalently attached to the primary sequence through branch points. the primary sequence is designed to hybridize (directly or indirectly) to a target nucleic acid, such as hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomic dna or rna, respectively. the secondary fragments are used to direct the binding of multiple copies of a small oligonucleotide labelled ... | 1991 | 1668687 |
| viruses and cancer. causal associations. | this review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. these include epstein-barr virus in relation to burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis b and c viruses in rel ... | 1990 | 1669491 |
| immunologic correlates of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in human t-lymphotropic virus infection. | previously we showed that mononuclear cells from about half of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)-seropositive persons exhibit spontaneous proliferation in vitro. we sought to determine if proliferation was associated with other immunologic changes characteristic of htlv infection. the parameters assessed were (1) percentages of lymphocytes expressing cd4 and/or cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor), (2) serum levels of soluble cd25, (3) serostatus for other viruses, (4) anti-htlv antibody levels, and (5 ... | 1991 | 1676916 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis b virus and human t cell leukaemia virus. | to clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t cell leukaemia virus (htlv), we measured hcv antibody in the population of a district endemic for hbv and htlv infection. blood samples were collected in june 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of uwa bay in the southwest of ehime prefecture in japan. anti-hcv antibody against c100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ortho diagnostics). thi ... | 1991 | 1685926 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 380 southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma and 152 controls were studied. antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) were found in 110 patients and 1 control. 184 patients had evidence of current infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 122 had had infection with this virus in the past. only 47 patients had no markers of hcv or hbv infection. among patients positive for hcv, there was a higher proportion of women and urban dwellers, and the average age was higher. in southern africa, ... | 1990 | 1691422 |
| [progress in the development of a detection test for parenteral non-a, non-b hepatitis--results of enzyme immunoassay for anti-hepatitis c virus]. | after more than one decennium of international research work the doubtless identification of the causative agents of the non a-non b-hepatitis (nanbh) has not yet been successful. 1988, however, a viral genome of the parenteral nanbh could be isolated, on which basis an eia was built up. by means of this anti-hcv-elisa altogether 413 sera were tested. in 262 sera of 154 women of a nanbh-group with homogeneous source of infection (contaminated anti-d-immunoglobulin) in 74% positive reactions were ... | 1990 | 1692438 |
| a cdna clone encoding a peptide highly specific for hepatitis c infection. | a random primed lambda gt11-cdna library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (hepatitis c:hc) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic hc. twelve lambda gt11-cdna clones encoding antigens associated with hc infection in japan as well as in the usa were isolated. of these one clone consisting of 114 nucleotides and showing a discrete band on an immunoblot analysis, was extensively studied. the clone is ... | 1990 | 1693349 |
| parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis: virus-specific antibody response patterns in hepatitis c virus-infected chimpanzees. | an established chimpanzee model of parenterally-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis was used to define virus-specific immune response patterns in acutely and persistently infected animals. serial bleedings were obtained from 23 chimpanzees that had been experimentally infected with an isolate of hepatitis c virus, originally recovered from contaminated lots of factor viii (antihemophilic) materials. sera were assayed for the presence of antihepatitis c virus by a newly developed radioimmunoassay ... | 1990 | 1697546 |
| [diagnosis of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection: diagnostic value of the anti-hcv test]. | different groups of patients were analysed for antibody to hepatitis-c-virus (anti-hcv). a high prevalence was found in individuals with parenteral exposure (chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis, 77.5%, drug addicts 84.5%), while blood donors had a prevalence of 0.51%, this was significantly higher in patients with chronic type b hepatitis (30%), in homosexuals (22.5%) and in patients with different types of autoimmune hepatitis (57.2%). this indicates that differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis ... | 1990 | 1698329 |
| cloning of hepatitis c virus genomes and their properties. | a random primed lambda gt11-cdna library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (hepatitis c:hc) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic hc. twelve lambda gt11-cdna clones were isolated that was shown to encode antigens associated specifically with hc infection in japan as well as in usa. of these two, as well as another clone which is specific only to japanese hc infection, have unique nucleotide sequen ... | 1990 | 1699832 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis specific antibodies directed at host-derived epitope: implication for an autoimmune process. | a cdna clone (gor47-1) bearing an epitope with an aminoacid sequence grrgqkaksnpnrpl (gor epitope) was isolated from the plasma of a laboratory chimpanzee infected with human non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) agent. the epitope was not encoded by reported sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) but instead was coded for by a host cellular sequence. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for antibodies to the gor epitope (anti-gor). a patient with acute nanbh produced both igm and i ... | 1990 | 1701012 |
| prevention of hepatitis c in partners of anti-hcv positive subjects by periodic gammaglobulin administration. | since hepatitis c is sexually transmitted, this poses the problem of protecting the anti-hcv negative partners of anti-hcv positive subjects. since no specific prophylaxis exists for hepatitis c, i suggest that 4 ml of normal human gammaglobulin should be given to the anti-hcv negative partners intramuscularly every two months until a vaccine against hepatitis c virus is available. | 1990 | 1705805 |
| hepatitis c virus seroprevalence in italian haemophiliacs injected with virus-inactivated concentrates: five year follow-up and correlation with antibodies to other viruses. | the overall prevalence of anti-hcv antibody in a group of 125 haemophiliacs was 62%. four patients who had never received replacement therapy were anti-hcv negative. of the 121 patients injected regularly with commercial concentrates, 76 were already anti-hcv seropositive in 1985 and remained so throughout the follow-up. two patients seroconverted in 1987 without obvious signs or symptoms of hepatitis. our patients were treated with dry heat-treated concentrates since 1985 and with wet heat- or ... | 1991 | 1707952 |
| detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in u.s. blood donors. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) which utilizes a solid phase coated with a recombinant antigen (c100-3) derived from the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was evaluated for efficacy in the detection of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv). the sensitivity of the antibody test was demonstrated by the detection of anti-hcv in a well-characterized panel of human specimens known to contain the infectious agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis. the specificity of the anti-hcv test was evaluated by testing 6,118 serum spec ... | 1991 | 1709949 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-a, non-b hepatitis. | 4000 sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) by means of an elisa using the c100-3 antigen. 38.9% of patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis following blood transfusion (n = 108) had hcv antibodies. among patients with chronic liver damage of unknown origin (n = 316) 30.4% were anti-hcv positive, and in 2,506 patients with transitional or chronic elevation of transaminases 14.8% showed hcv antibodies. haemophiliacs (n = 26) with 65.4% anti-hcv positives and drug addicts (n = ... | 1991 | 1711018 |
| identification of an immunodominant epitope within the capsid protein of hepatitis c virus. | we have isolated cdna clones from the 5' end of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis c virus. sequences encoding various segments of the hcv structural region were fused to the gene for glutathione s-transferase and analyzed for the expression of hepatitis c virus-capsid fusion proteins. with a set of these fusion proteins, both human and chimpanzee immune responses to capsid were studied. an immunodominant epitope was located within the amino-terminal portion of capsid that is preferentially reco ... | 1991 | 1711232 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to cytomegalovirus recognize viral epitopes on the surface of virus-infected cells. | four human monoclonal antibodies directed against human cytomegalovirus were produced by fusing sp2/hpt heteromyeloma cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes, after stimulation in vitro for 6 days. the human hybridomas have been maintained in culture for one year and secrete, when cultured in serum-free medium, between 3.1 and 8.1 micrograms/ml of antibodies/10(6) cells/24 hours. hcv-1 and hcv-2 are igg kappa, while hcv-3 and hcv-4 are igg3 lambda. the four monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitat ... | 1991 | 1714785 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). tests for anti-hcv antibody were carried out by enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) on 101 hiv-infected patients from two university-based outpatient clinics. anti-hcv antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) for hcv antibodies. fourteen of 101 (13.9%) hiv-infecte ... | 1991 | 1715384 |
| identification of an immunodominant b cell epitope on the hepatitis c virus nonstructural region defined by human monoclonal antibodies. | several ebv-transformed b cell lines (bcl) were obtained from two patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection that secreted igg class antibodies to the hcv nonstructural ag c100-3. two cloned bcl, derived from the same parental line, generated stable cloned lines that secreted up to 20 mg/liter of specific igg1(kappa). supernatants from oligoclonal and cloned bcl were also analyzed by immunoblot and all strongly reacted with recombinant polypeptides derived from the putative ns4 regi ... | 1991 | 1717573 |
| evaluation of a chimpanzee colony for antibodies to hepatitis c virus. | the chimpanzee is the only species other than man that is generally susceptible to infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv). aspects of future studies on vaccines and therapeutics for hcv may continue to depend on the chimpanzee. in an attempt to determine the hcv status of the animals in a chimpanzee colony, the recently developed enzyme immunoassay (eia) for antibodies to hcv was used. the results of the assay indicated that only 31.3% of the animals that had previously been inoculated with a non- ... | 1991 | 1717646 |
| localization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigen by immunohistochemistry on fixed-embedded liver tissue. | an immunohistochemical method of staining hcv-related antigens in fixed-embedded liver biopsies is described. two primary antisera were used: 1) a high titre anti-hcv human igg separated from an anti-hcv positive serum; and 2) rabbit anti-hcv antibodies. in our experience this method proves to be reproducible and shows a good correlation with serologic results. | 1990 | 1720059 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in baltimore, maryland. | in order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis c virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis c in three cohorts in baltimore, maryland, enrolled in prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection. among 500 multi-transfused patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986, 12 (2.4%) were hepatitis c seropositive before surgery while 19 (3.9%) developed antibodies in the 8-12 months after surgery. the seropre ... | 1991 | 1720924 |
| the use of interferon-alpha in virus infections. | the interferons (ifn) act too slowly to arrest acute viral infections, but interferon-alpha (ifn alpha) preparations have proved useful in some chronic infections and will clearly be used increasingly in these in the future. in the preparations derived from human leucocytes or cultured b lymphoblastoid cells, which are in routine clinical use, mixtures of a number of distinct subtypes of human ifn alpha have been identified. there are also 3 slightly different versions of the same single subtype ... | 1991 | 1723372 |
| hcv infection, hepatic hla display and composition of the mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in chronic alcoholic liver disease. | viral infection may play a role in alcoholic liver disease with histological features of chronic active hepatitis (cah). human leucocyte antigen (hla) hepatocellular display is supposed to allow hla-restricted t-lymphocyte cytotoxicity in chronic viral hepatitis. we studied the presence of serum anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies, the hepatic hla display and the composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in 16 patients with alcoholic liver disease and histological features of cah and in ... | 1991 | 1723384 |
| co-amplification of specific sequences of hcv and hiv-1 genomes by using the polymerase chain reaction assay: a potential tool for the simultaneous detection of hcv and hiv-1. | a rapid and simple method using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was devised for the co-amplification and simultaneous detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) specific sequences in the same serum sample. genomic rna was extracted from 13 blood donor sera that were reactive in elisa for both anti-hcv and anti-hiv-1. the extracted rna was reverse transcribed into cdna and amplified using nested primer pairs (sn01 and sn04; sn02 and sn03) based on the ... | 1991 | 1726173 |
| hiv, hbv and hcv seropositivity in hemophiliacs. | eleven cases of severe type hemophiliacs who had received long-term factor viii injections were tested for the serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus (hcv). the period of factor viii concentrate injections ranged from 2 to 32 years. the seropositive rates of hiv and hcv were 9/11(82%) and 11/11(100%), respectively. the seropositive rate of hepatitis b surface antigen was only 1/11(9%), while the seropositive rates of antibody to hepatit ... | 1991 | 1726973 |
| the hemagglutinin/esterase gene of human coronavirus strain oc43: phylogenetic relationships to bovine and murine coronaviruses and influenza c virus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin/esterase (he) genes of human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 and bovine respiratory coronavirus (brcv) strain g95 were determined from single-stranded cdna fragments generated by reverse transcription of virus-specific mrnas and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. an open reading frame of 1272 nucleotides was identified as the putative he gene by homology to the bovine coronavirus he gene. this open reading frame encodes a protein of 424 a ... | 1992 | 1727608 |
| prevalence of non-a,non-b hepatitis/hepatitis c virus antibody in human immunoglobulins. | human intravenous immunoglobulins prepared by the cold ethanol fractionation technique of cohn are considered safe with respect to infectivity. however, there have been several instances of transmission of both hepatitis b and non-a,non-b hepatitis viruses after administration of intravenous immunoglobulins. to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody in intravenous immunoglobulins and protein preparations, 30 commercially available products were tested. using the abbott enzyme imm ... | 1992 | 1728850 |
| the risks of blood transfusion: the relative influence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has greatly increased concern about the risk of blood transfusion. many transfusions are now autologous, and when these are not available, both physicians and patients are more likely to question the advisability of transfusion. we evaluate the risk of preoperative blood transfusion and the contribution of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to that risk. | 1992 | 1731509 |
| hepatitis & hiv: prevalence of infection and changing attitudes toward infection control procedures in british columbia. | dental professionals attending the annual meeting of the college of dental surgeons of british columbia in june 1990 were involved in a survey to assess the prevalence of infection with hepatitis b, hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses, the acceptance of vaccination for protection against hepatitis b virus, and the compliance with infection control guidelines. participation was voluntary and anonymous and required completion of a questionnaire and donation of a blood sample. four hundr ... | 1991 | 1747815 |
| 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum during interferon treatment of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 as) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum was measured in 23 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis during interferon therapy, 16 of whom were found to have antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). patients received a daily dose of either 1 million, 3 million or 6 million units of human interferon-alpha or -beta for 4 to 6 weeks. before treatment, the 2-5 as activity was not significantly different from that in normal control sub ... | 1991 | 1752391 |
| severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. | a 17-year-old male patient with t-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). the patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the abmt (day -7). on day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his got and gpt rose to 570 u/l and 397 u/l, respectively. although he had no muc ... | 1991 | 1753418 |
| [prevalence of liver damage in alcoholics and drug addicts]. | the behaviour of drug addicts and alcoholics leads to the cooperation of risk factors concerning the development of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. the authors evaluate the prevalence of infections from b, c and delta virus among a group of 40 intravenous drug users and 40 alcoholics affering to a territorial centre for drug dependence located in valtellina (italy). the prevalence of at least one serum marker of virus b, c or delta hepatitis results to be 85% among drug a ... | 1991 | 1763228 |
| [clinical significance of virus markers]. | | 1991 | 1774532 |
| [elevated clq-bearing immune complexes in hemophiliacs with viral infections]. | one hundred hemophilia a and 30 hemophilia b patients who had been treated with non-heated and heated factor viii or prothrombin complex concentrates were examined by immunological tests including clq-bearing immune complexes assay. antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human parvovirus b19 (b19) were analyzed by western blotting, enzyme immunoassay, passive hemagglutination or radio-immunoassay. clq-bearing immune complex ... | 1991 | 1779453 |
| [viral infections in intravenous drug addicts. clinical and prognostic significance]. | a retrospective analysis of 135 drug addicts followed between 1986 to 1987, was done, in order to asses the seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis delta virus (hdv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), as also their clinical and prognostic significance. a high prevalence of hbv, hdv and hcv infection was observed in this study: 81%, 64% and 83% respectively; in contrast just one case was positive for hiv. among the drug addicts the frequency of multiple ... | 1991 | 1785366 |
| inactivation of viruses found with plasma proteins. | plasma protein solutions such as albumin and intramuscular immune globulin have long histories of viral safety. coagulation factor concentrates as traditionally manufactured frequently transmitted hbv, hcv, and hiv. indeed, it is probable that every vial of concentrate contained infectious hcv. modern coagulation factor concentrates have a greatly improved safety record arising, principally, from the implementation of virucidal procedures. it is interesting to note that the same methods that fai ... | 1991 | 1786476 |
| specific inactivation of viruses which can potentially contaminate blood products. | the viral safety of intramuscular immune globulin and albumin has long been recognized. safety is the result of multiple barriers operating in concert, including donor selection, donor blood screening, immune neutralization, serendipitous inactivation and removal, and virus sterilization. experience on the transmission of viruses, most notably hepatitis a and non-a, non-b (hbv and nanbhv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), by coagulation factor concentrates prepared from large plasma pools ... | 1991 | 1794631 |
| [viral hepatitis]. | the advances achieved in the last years with regard to the knowledge features of viral hepatitis are included in this review. important features are the development of inactivated virus vaccine for hepatitis a; the right handling of serological markers which has permitted a more accurate view of the prevalence, transmission mechanisms, evolution, etc. of the different types of hepatitis the increasing use of vaccination against hepatitis b which allows to envisage a significative decrease in the ... | 1991 | 1820180 |
| [efficacy in viral inactivation of the concentrates of factor viii and ix by the solvent/detergent procedure. evaluation in patients with hemophilia]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and hepatitis virus b or c (hbv, hcv) transmission are major risks following infusion of coagulation factor concentrates. thus, several methods have been used to achieve viral inactivation of concentrates prepared from plasma collected from a large number of donors. in this study, 32 patients with haemophilia a or b (n = 31) or von willebrand's disease (n = 1) were treated between 1987 and 1990 only with factor viii or ix concentrates inactivated by t ... | 1991 | 1830653 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1991 | 1846395 |
| variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of hcv corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and ns1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. | based on the flavi- and pestivirus model of genome organization for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) (1-5), the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative envelope (e1) and the junction between the e1 and ns1/envelope 2 (e2) region from six different human isolates of hcv were compared with the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the prototype hepatitis c virus (hcv-1) (5). the overall percentage of nucleotide and amino acid changes among all six isolates, including hcv- ... | 1991 | 1846505 |
| structure and organization of the hepatitis c virus genome isolated from human carriers. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major causative agent of posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis, which often develops into malignant chronic diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. we have cloned from human carriers overlapping cdnas (9,416 bp) covering the entire coding region of the hcv genome. the latter encodes a 3,010-amino-acid polyprotein. in addition, there are 332 and 54 bases of 5' and 3' noncoding sequences, respectively. our hcv strain has a 77% nucleic acid id ... | 1991 | 1847440 |
| [breakthrough in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis--from hepatitis b virus to hepatitis c virus]. | since demonstration of causative relationship of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and persistent hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, nation-wide preventive measures have made remarkable progress in japan. this will contribute to minimizing the probability to create new sources for hbv infection resulting in reduction of the incidence with liver cirrhosis and hcc due to hbv infection in the next generation. currently, however, hcc not due to hbv increased twice in the pastdecade up to three quarters ... | 1991 | 1848417 |
| genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis c virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the rna genome of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been determined from overlapping cdna clones. the sequence (9379 nucleotides) has a single large open reading frame that could encode a viral polyprotein precursor of 3011 amino acids. while there as little overall amino acid and nucleotide sequence homology with other viruses, the 5' hcv nucleotide sequence upstream of this large open reading frame has substantial similarity to the 5' termini of pestiviral genome ... | 1991 | 1848704 |
| [genetic variation and heterogeneity of the human hepatitis c virus genome]. | | 1991 | 1849184 |
| public health service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis b and hepatitis c. | several infectious agents transmit through infected blood and blood products. to decrease the potential for disease transmission, donors are screened for risk factors by medical history and for evidence of infection by specific testing. the food and drug administration (fda) currently requires that all donations of whole blood and transfusable components as well as plasma for fractionation into injectable derivatives be subjected to a serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ... | 1991 | 1850496 |
| [viral hepatitis and blood transfusion]. | our findings show that hepatitis b-virus was transmitted by blood from two hepatitis b-surface-antigen (hbsag)-negative but hepatitis b-coreantibody (anti-hbc)-positive donors. blood donors and recipients were also tested for antibodies against the recently identified hepatitis c-virus (hcv). we found that two anti-hcv-positive donors with no known history of clinical hepatitis were chronic, infective carriers of hcv. the prevalence of anti-hcv in our blood donor population was 0.47% and alt and ... | 1991 | 1850559 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus among chinese subjects in taiwan was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. the overall prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus was 0.28% among 1,419 healthy subjects, 0.8% among 500 unselected paid blood donors and 0.4% among 793 pregnant women. the three offspring of the mothers positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus were all found to be positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus at birth but all became negative by t ... | 1991 | 1851491 |
| sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus. | the 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (tcv) genome and the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein (n) were cloned and sequenced. the gene encoding the membrane protein (m) was obtained by cloning a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fragment obtained using bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. furthermore, five tcv dna fragments, obtained by pcr on rna from clinical specimens and corresponding to either the n terminus of the m protein or the complete m protein were also cloned and seq ... | 1991 | 1856695 |
| abbott prism: a multichannel heterogeneous chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. | we describe a multichannel heterogeneous immunoassay analyzer in which a sample is split between disposable reaction trays in a group of linear tracks. the system's pipettor uses noninvasive sensing of the sample volume and disposable pipet tips. each assay track has (a) a conveyor belt for moving reaction trays to predetermined functional stations, (b) temperature-controlled tunnels, (c) noncontact transfer of the reaction mixture between incubation and detection wells, and (d) single-photon co ... | 1991 | 1893588 |
| recombinant human alpha-interferon in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from france. | we have conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of recombinant human alpha-interferon for efficacy in 60 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. the source of infection appeared to be transfusion in 30 patients, intravenous drug abuse in 16 patients and was unknown in 14 patients. patients were randomly assigned to no treatment or to treatment with either 1 or 3 mu of alpha-interferon given three times a week for 24 wk. forty-five patients (75%) were positiv ... | 1991 | 1900254 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis c in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients]. | prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) was evaluated using ortho and abbott hcv elisa assays and the abbott eia neutralization assay in 150 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive patients and compared with the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) markers. overall prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies was 29.3%; significant variations were seen across human immunodeficiency virus risk factor subgroups: prevalence was 10.2% in homosexual ... | 1991 | 1901984 |
| different types of chronic hepatitis in alcoholic patients: does chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol exist? | to verify the existence of chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol, the clinicopathological features of chronic hepatitis in heavy drinkers were studied using various viral markers. histological features of chronic active hepatitis were seen in 27 heavy drinkers. these patients were divided into four groups. the al group (seven cases) consisted of alcoholics who were negative for both hepatitis c antibody and hbsag; the hb group (four cases) was positive for hbsag; the hc1 group (seven cases) was p ... | 1991 | 1903124 |
| [hepatitis virus b, c and delta infection in carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) shares transmission mechanisms with some hepatotropic viruses, such as hepatitis b (hbv), c (hcv) and delta (hdv) viruses. | 1991 | 1903828 |
| the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in jakarta, indonesia. | the seroepidemiology of hbv and hcv infections in the patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in jakarta was investigated. the sera from 141 cases with acute hepatitis, 176 liver cirrhosis and 70 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) were examined. anti-ha igm, hbsag, anti-hbc igm and anti hcv (ortho) were detected by elisa method. in acute hepatitis, 83 cases (58.9%) out of 141 cases were hepatitis a and 9 cases (6.4%) hepatitis b. the others were diagnosed non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and ant ... | 1991 | 1909263 |
| let's look at human immunodeficiency virus look-back before leaping into hepatitis c virus look-back. | | 1991 | 1909822 |
| a randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis c in hemophiliacs. | chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemophilia. we have used recombinant interferon alpha-2b (ifn alpha-2b) in a randomized controlled liver biopsy trial to treat hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis. eighteen patients entered the study, 16 of whom were subsequently shown to have antibodies to the hcv. all underwent liver biopsy at entry and were randomized to either treatment with self-administered ifn alpha-2b, 3 mill ... | 1991 | 1912556 |
| [hepatitis c virus infection in different risk groups and among blood donors]. | we have studied serological markers of viral hepatitis type a, b, delta and c in 7,713 blood-donors, 265 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis, 41 inmates of a mental and physical retardation institution and 41 health care workers at the same institution and 35 chronic hemodialysis patients. the results showed a 0.8% anti-hcv prevalence in blood-donors, but a higher percentage (47.5%) among hbv positive patients and in two different groups of the inmates at the mental institution (12.5 ... | 1991 | 1932242 |