| prognostic implications of the e antigen of hepatitis b virus. | the e antigen hbeag and its antibody anti-hb, have been said to be predictive of chronicity and resolution, respectively, in viral hepatitis. we found, as have others, a specific association with hepatitis b virus-induced disease. in addition, detectability of hbeag in the acute phase of type b hepatitis was followed by a sixfold higher incidence of chronic hepatitis. unfortunately, the prediction was erroneous in 65% of positive cases and 6% of negative cases. in chronic hepatitis, hbeag did no ... | 1977 | 578882 |
| transmission of hepatitis v virus infection by transfusion of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells. | chimpanzees were used to determine the ability of prior freezing of red blood cells to prevent the transmission of type b post-transfusion hepatitis. four units of human whole blood were each inoculated with 10(6) infectious doses of hepatitis b virus. although all units became hbsag negative after freezing and deglycerolization, hepatitis b virus infection developed in all four chimpanzees when these units were transfused. two of these chimpanzees had only serologic evidence of infection, inclu ... | 1978 | 628386 |
| viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis may be classified into three or more forms including type a hepatitis, type b hepatitis, and a group denoted as non-a non-b hepatitis which may represent viral hepatitis of one or more causes. the differentiation of these forms of hepatitis is primarily serologic. the development of antibody to hepatitis a virus can be detected by radioimmunoassay as well as by other test systems. the serologic diagnosis of type b hepatitis rests on the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen or ... | 1978 | 629050 |
| radioimmunoassay and some properties of human antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) is described. polystyrene beads coated with anti-hbc, hepatitis b core antigen prepared from pooled sera of humans infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 125i-labelled anti-hbc were used for the test. distinct patterns of development and changes of anti-hbc and their immunologic properties are all related to variations of other markers specific for hbv infections. knowledge concerning the detailed features of ... | 1978 | 632812 |
| immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis b core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. | immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis b core antigen (hbc ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicated in the production by guinea pigs of antibody to hbc ag (anti-hbc) that was immunochemically identical to human anti-hbc. the hbc ag particles were 27-30 nm in diameter, displayed apparent icosahedral symmetry, and consisted of distinct subunits. the susceptibility of hbc ag particles to ... | 1977 | 15037 |
| [humoral immunological studies in viral hepatitis and in hbag virus carriers]. | | 1978 | 652352 |
| serologic evidence of hepatitis a and b virus infections in thalassemia patients: a retrospective study. | to determine the current risk of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in multiply transfused thalassemia patients, we tested sera from such patients in new york city for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and its antibody (anti-hbs) using radioimmunoassay techniques. altogether 48 per cent of the patients had either hbsag (4.5%) or anti-hbs (43.9%) positive sera. the prevalence of these hbv markers was related to both the number of units transfused and the year blood transfusion therapy was be ... | 1978 | 664004 |
| blood transusion: use and abuse of blood components. | transfusion of whole blood and some blood components may result in serious or fatal complications, among which hepatitis is most frequent (20,000 to 30,000 cases and 3,000 deaths a year). although hepatitis b virus (hb ag) sometimes is implicated in posttransfusion hepatitis, non-a non-b. virus(es) (hepatitis "c" virus) probably accounts for most posttransfusion hepatitis. half of all blood transfusions may be unnecessary.responsible transfusion practice requires use of appropriate blood compone ... | 1978 | 664642 |
| [viruses--causes of human tumor forms]. | | 1978 | 683122 |
| immunofluorescence studies for hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface and core antigen in liver biopsies from patients with acute viral hepatitis. | immunofluorescence studies for hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface and core antigen were performed on liver biopsies from 48 patients with acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis a virus was detected in 11 out of 17 patients with type a hepatitis and was not found in patients with type b or non-a non-b hepatitis. hepatitis b surface and core antigens were detected in 2, hepatitis b core antigen alone in 1, and hepatitis b surface antigen alone in 4 out of 24 patients with type b hepatitis. neithe ... | 1979 | 223938 |
| large scale purification of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). | in october 1975, a specific immunization by means of a formalin inactivated hepatitis b vaccine has been introduced to protect patients and staff members of three haemodialysis units of the loire valley (tours, blois, orléans). after two years follow-up the innocuity and efficacy of this preparation have been shown to be very satisfactory in the conditions under which it was used. a method of vaccine preparation has been instituted in the development of industrial batches of vaccine to be used f ... | 1978 | 718020 |
| a study of street heroin lots for the presence of the hepatitis b surface antigen. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) of subtype ay predominates among narcotic addicts infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in europe, australia and the united states. however, the ad subtype predominates among the non-addict carriers of hbsag. we investigated the possibility that heroin lots were contaminated with hbv at a source of opium production, the middle east, a geographical region where hbsag/ay predominates in the general population. one hundred and nine lots of street heroin were assa ... | 1978 | 720209 |
| antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen is not cytotoxic to antigen-secreting hepatocytes. | a continuously growing cell line which produces hepatitis b surface antigen was grown in the presence of antibody to the surface antigen. antibody from animal and human sources was used. neither growth rate nor cell morphology was affected and the cells did not inactivate the antibody over a 4-day incubation period. the surface antigen produced was specifically neutralized. these results suggest that hepatic injury occurring in response to hepatitis b virus infection is not mediated by humoral i ... | 1978 | 218315 |
| remarks on the pathogenic significance of hbsag subtypes. | the frequent controversies concerning the possible different pathogenic significance of antigenic hepatitis b virus subtypes determined the authors to analyse the mean values of some biochemical tests in two groups of acute viral hepatitis patients. the results obtained show that a more marked alteration of these values is correlated with the presence of hbsag/ay in one of the groups (89 patients) and with that of hbsag/ad in the other group (33 patients). some explanations of these findings are ... | 1978 | 749332 |
| evidence for the multiplication of hepatitis b virus in "oval cell" culture originated from human embryonic liver. | growth conditions fof human oval cells (immature hepatocytes),evidence of hepatitis b (hb) antigen synthesis in oval cells as revealed by immunofluorescent staining and successful passage of such an agent in the culture fluid up to the 4th passage are described. the results have been proved to be readily reproducible with different inocula. the oval cells used in these experiments were defined as small round cells, with scant cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei and small nucleoli, vitally stained with i ... | 1976 | 773401 |
| immunological aspects of hepatitis b virus infection. | infection of man and chimpanzees with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is associated with diffuse hepatocellular infection and variable manifestations of disease which may not only reflect the character of the host immune response, but also depend upon differences in the cellular biology of this minimally cytopathic or noncytopathic agent. the presence of hepatocellular injury and the course of disease do not appear to be related to the presence of viral antigens in hepatocytes or to the specific pat ... | 1975 | 799469 |
| transmission of hepatitis b to the rhesus monkey. | the rhesus monkey does provide a suitable laboratory animal model for studying hepatitis b virus and for investigating various aspects of interaction between this infectious agent and the host. this species of non-human primate, however, offers a less sensitive animal model for hepatitis b infection than the chimpanzee. | 1975 | 812744 |
| [attempts to culture hepatitis b virus on human fetal hepatocytes: preliminary results]. | foetal human hepatocytes have been maintained in prolonged culture and inoculated with two pools of hbs ag positive sera. these two pools differed from each other by the presence or the absence of dane particles. the cultures were examined during 8 weeks. hbs ag did not appear in the culture medium. however, it may be revealed inconstantly and fugaciously by ultasonic lysis of cells infected by sera containing dane particles. in the cell debris, 27 nm nucleocapsides of hbc specificity are observ ... | 1976 | 816528 |
| development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis b. | highly purified hepatitis b virus surface antigen (australia antigen) purified by physical and chemical procedures from infected human plasma was used to prepare hepatitis b vaccine. the purified antigen was treated with formalin and the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in marmosets (for live hepatitis b virus). the vaccine was highly potent, inducing antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine containing ... | 1976 | 817293 |
| vaccine against human hepatitis b. | a highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis b virus surface antigen. the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. it was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis b virus giv ... | 1976 | 819667 |
| hepatitis b subunit vaccine: a preliminary report of safety and efficacy tests in chimpanzees. | the 22 nm spherical form of hepatitis b surface antigen was purified from the serum or plasma of chronic carriers of the antigen. antigens of subtypes ayw and adr were individually prepared by isopycnic banding in cesium chloride followed by rate zonal separation in sucrose. each preparation was stabilized with human serum albumin, and aliquots were inactivated with 1:2000 formalin at 37 c for 96 hours. the potency and immunogenicity of each preparation were determined: both antigenicity and imm ... | 1975 | 828832 |
| transmission of hepatitis b virus to gibbons by exposure to human saliva containing hepatitis b surface antigen. | a pool of whole-mouth saliva collected from five human carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen, subtype adr, was found to contain antigen particles with mean diameters of 23.3 and 41.8 nm as seen by immune electron microscopy. two gibbons received subcutaneous injections of the pooled saliva and developed serological and, in at least one animal, biochemical evidence of hepatitis b virus infection at 12 and 22 weeks, respectively. although none of eight other gibbons that were exposed by the nasa ... | 1977 | 833450 |
| some sex- and age-dependent correlations in acute viral hepatitis. | hbsag was found to be present in 28.7% of 1980 sera from acute viral hepatitis (avh) patients tested by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. the incidence of hbsag-positive avh cases was lower in female subjects aged 10-19 years. the follow up of sgpt, bilirubinemia and thymol turbidity kinetics in 473 of the patients revealed some hbsag-dependent differences. such differences oscillated more markedly in adults than in children and were less obvious in women. the possible involvemen ... | 1977 | 850999 |
| [occurrence of nuclear bodies in acute viral hepatitis]. | needle-hepatic-biopsy of 10 patients with acute viral hepatitis was investigated by the aid of electron microscope. in the hepatocytes striking nucleolar alterations were observed, i.e. breakage and dispersion of the nucleolonema in the karyoplasma. not infrequently nuclear bodies were seen. according to the present knowledge it can not be decided whether nuclear bodies are normal constituents of the hepatocytes or product of the impaired function. complex nuclear bodies--in acute viral hepatiti ... | 1977 | 854038 |
| [hepatitis b: new aspects, practical implications. virology and epidemiology]. | although neither a nor b hepatitis virus (hav, hbv) has been grown in cell or organ cultures, both agents have been identified and characterized. the subsequent ability to diagnose hepatitis a and b has led to the recognition of a third form of viral hepatitis, "non a--non b hepatitis". it has been possible to eliminate hbv from blood used for transfusion and from blood products, and the combined results of hepatitis research have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesi ... | 1977 | 857308 |
| hbsag-negative chronic active hepatitis related to hepatitis b virus. | numerous cases of chronic hepatitis have been shown to be closely associated with persistent infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). a group of 100 patients suffering from chronic active hepatitis (cah) was investigated for hbv serologic markers. of these, 35 patients were hbsag-positive; in 26 hbsag-negative subjects, anti-hbc were detected using counterimmune electrophoresis and complement-fixation tests. these data suggest that chronic liver disease in patients who were only anti-hbc-positive ... | 1978 | 214684 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen and chronic hepatitis in infants born to asymptomatic carrier mothers. | twenty-three infants born to asymptomatic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carrier mothers were followed up to determine the vertical transmission of hepatitis b virus. four infants became positive for hbsag within four months after birth. three showed hepatic dysfunction; liver biopsy specimens demonstrated mild chronic hepatitis in one and persistent hepatitis in another. in six infants followed up for more than six months after birth, antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) without antigenemia could ... | 1977 | 868815 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis. | | 1978 | 210303 |
| [theoretical, methodological and practical problems of virus disinfection in human medicine (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 914312 |
| effect of human leukocyte interferon on hepatitis b virus infection in patients with chronic active hepatitis. | four patients with chronic hepatitis b infection and chronic active hepatitis were treated with human leukocyte interferon. three of them had consistently elevated levels of circulating dane-particle markers, including dane-particle-associated dna polymerase activity, hepatitis b core antigen and dane-particle-associated dna. parenteral interferon administration at a dosage between 6.0 x 10(3) and 17 x 10(4) u per kilogram per day was associated with a rapid and reproducible fall in all dane-par ... | 1976 | 950957 |
| absence of complete homologous immunity in hepatitis b infection after massive exposure. | evidence from prospective studies of human cases of posttransfusion hepatitis observed among 299 cardiac surgery patients, and from each of three experimentally challenged chimpanzees, indicates that immunity to hepatitis b infection can be overcome by massive challenge doses. however, all cases of hepatitis in patients with prior immunity have been subclinical. chimpanzees developed hepatitis and hbs antigenemia when challenged with hepatitis b virus that had an antigenic subtype identical to t ... | 1976 | 970767 |
| complement fixing hepatitis b core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with hbs antigen positive chronic disease. | one hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically hbsag positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (hbs) and the core (hbc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis b virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (c) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human c. circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that hbc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic hbsa ... | 1976 | 1001973 |
| detection of core antibody in hepatitis b infection. | hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) is found on the decoated dane particle and on a morphologically similar particle detected mainly in the nucleus of hepatocytes of patients with hepatitis b. hbcag prepared from the liver of a chimpanzee infected with hepatitis b virus was used to test human serum for core antibody (anti-hbc) by complement fixation. anti-hbc was found in serum collected from patients with hepatitis b in both the acute and convalescent stages, from carriers of hepatitis b surface a ... | 1976 | 1032591 |
| [comparative study of antigens specific for hepatitis b in transfected cell cultures]. | a comparative study of antigens detected in the livers of patients with hepatitis b. in the mesonephros of the human tissue--chick embryo system infected with the agents isolated from the blood of hepatitis patients, as well as antigens detectable in cell cultures transfected by the dna isolated from these tissues was carried out. the results are in favour of the hypothesis on the integrational nature of serum hepatitis. | 1976 | 1034374 |
| transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients. | nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor viii concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. one patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. the illness was mild and self-limited. no seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, epstein-b ... | 1978 | 210302 |
| type b and non-b viral hepatitis in jerusalem. | in a two-year survey of adult patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in jerusalem, 27% were reactive for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hb(s)ag) by radioimmunoassay and therefore diagnosed as having hepatitis b. the majority of patients (73%) were non-reactive for hb(s)ag and their diagnosis was non-b hepatitis ("type unspecifiable"). thirty-one per cent of patients with hepatitis b and only 5% of patients with non-b hepatitis had histories consistent with parenteral transmission of ... | 1976 | 1088102 |
| [immunology of viral hepatitis and its complications]. | | 1976 | 1088493 |
| hepatitis b immune globulin as a prophylactic measure for spouses exposed to acute type b hepatitis. | because the value of usual immune globulin preparations in preventing type b hepatitis is doubtful, we carried out a double-blind comparison of a control human immune globulin preparation with one--identified as hbig--that had a high concentration (442 mug per milliliter) of antibodies to surface components of hepatitis b virus. effectiveness was tested in spouses of patients with acute type b hepatitis. within 150 days after injection, nine of 33 spouses in the control group had symptomatic typ ... | 1975 | 1101065 |
| letter: transmission of hepatitis by breast feeding. | | 1975 | 1128616 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b antibody in prostitutes. | the possibility that hepatitis b is transmitted venereally was examined by determining the prevalence of hepatitis b antibody (anti-hb(s)) in populations with different levels of promiscuity. of 258 prostitutes, 31% were anti-hb(s) positive, compared to 10% of 258 female age-matched blood donors, 10% of 48 nuns living in a convent and 15% of 94 nuns working as teachers. prevalence of anti-hb(s) increased with increasing age. in the age group 40-49 years up to 72% of prostitutes were anti-hb(s) p ... | 1975 | 1174290 |
| observations on the core particle of hepatitis b virus and the dna polymerase associated with hepatitis b antigen. | several methods are presented for the purification of core particles of hepatitis b virus (hbv) from nuclei of infected human hepatocytes. no endogenous dna polymerase activity was found in any of the preparations of core particles even when circular double and single stranded dnas were used as exogenous templates. the dna polymerase activity associated with serum hb ag was not stimulated by circular dnas. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.1% inhibited ... | 1975 | 1181929 |
| tissue and organ culture studies of hepatitis b virus. | techniques have been developed for the cultivation of human and nonhuman primate liver cells in tissue and organ culture. progressive non-cytocidal involvement of the normal cytoplasmic and nuclear components of cultured liver cells has been demonstrated by specific attachment of fluorescent antibody to hepatitis b core and surface antigens after inoculation of the cultures of human origin with known infective sera and with clinical material. hepatitis b surface antigen may be produced, although ... | 1975 | 1181932 |
| hepatitis b virus infection in chimpanzees: titration of subtypes. | thirty-four chimpanzees were inoculated with sera containing the adw, ayw, adr, or ayr subtype of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag). twenty-nine of the animals became infected with hepatitis b virus, and in every instance the subtype of hbs ag in the infected animal was the same as the subtype in the inoculum. infectivity titers were established for the adw and ayw inocula. the patterns of serologic events varied in the infected animals but included most of the typical patterns of serologic c ... | 1975 | 1185011 |
| [culture of hepatitis virus b]. | for the last 25 years, numerous attempts have been made to isolate the hbv agent responsible for hepatitis b by means of cultures 'in vitro'. we have undertaken longterm cultures of children's hepatic tissue (c.h.), conjunctive tissue (human adult h.a.f. and human embryonic fibroblasts h.e.f.) and kb cells; these were put in the presence of 7 sera hb + rich in dane particles. these cells were trypsinized twice a week for almost 3 months and did not present any cytopathogenic effects. electromicr ... | 1975 | 1204959 |
| dna and dna polymerase of a virus-like particle in hepatitis b. | one of the particulate forms bearing hepatitis b antigen in human blood, the 42 nm dane particle, has been shown to contain a small circular-stranded dna with a molecular weight round 1.6 x 10(6) daltons and a dna polymerase. the circular dna functions as a primer-template for the dna polymerase. the circular dna, the dna polymerase and the dna product of the enzyme reaction appear to be internal components of the 28 nm core of the dane particle. dane particle cores labeled with h3 in a dna poly ... | 1975 | 1204960 |
| specific immunotherapy proposed for hepatitis b virus infection. | immune response to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), coinciding with removal of hbsag from the circulation, has been shown to be a cell-mediated response assessed by leukocyte migration inhibition assay. immune response to hbsag is a t-cell dependent phenomenon in the nude mouse model. immunological tolerance in man appears to stem from the absence of cellular and humoral immune response to hbsag, causing a chronic carrier state which serves as an epidemiological reservior for the transmissio ... | 1975 | 1204970 |
| some considerations regarding active immunization with hbsag. | krugman has demonstrated that injection of heated serum containing hbsag conferred some protection against subsequent challenge with live hepatitis b virus (hbv). it is likely that improved protection will result from injections for larger quantities of hbsag. this can be readily done with purified antigen. we have carried out preliminary studies in mice to investigate the inactivation kinetics of hbsag antigenicity and immunogenicity. rates of inactivation of the two parameters by heat have bee ... | 1975 | 1204972 |
| biochemical characterization of australia antigen. evidence for defective particles of hepatitis b virus. | australia antigen exists in the sera of chronic carriers in several particulate forms, one of which may represent the virion of hepatitis b. this report describes the existence of subpopulations of these 43-nm particles, the dane particles, on the basis of the staining properties of their internal cores and banding characteristics in cesium chloride (cscl) density gradients. these data suggested that only a minor proportion of dane particles contained an intact viral genome and represent the sta ... | 1975 | 1211425 |
| [new pathogenetic aspects of hepatitis b in relation to finding hbag inhibitor in the intestinal mucosa and human feces]. | hepatitis b antigen (hbag) positive sera became negative after in vitro incubation with homogenates of human faeces or intestinal mucosa. this was found to occur in all sera tested by various methods. these findings suggest the existence in the human intestine of a substance able to inactivate the hbag and that it is not an antibody or of the nature of interferon. the presence of an inhibitor could explain why b-type hepatitis is seldom if ever faecally transmitted and also the low oral infectio ... | 1975 | 1223951 |
| [application of a reversed passive hemagglutination test to the detection of hbs antigen]. | in this report we present an evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and ability to detect hbs ag carriers of a new reversed passive hemagglutination test, using immunochemically purified chimpanzee anti hbs bound to stabilized human erythrocytes. the method was shown to have a sensitivity equal (within one two fold dilution) to that of the ausria i 125 ratio immuno assay, and in a double blind comparison detected essentially the same number of hbs ag containing specimens among volunteer bloo ... | 1975 | 1228847 |
| natural history of viral hepatitis in greenland. | epidemiological data indicate that endemic hepatitis in greenland is immunologically different from hepatitis type a occurring in large epidemics. the endemic type is characterized by sporadicity, a high incidence in urban areas, and predominance of adult cases indicative of a hepatitis b virus (hbv) etiology. the distribution of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) in the healthy population suggests the existence of a hyperendemicity of hbv in some rural areas showing few overt hepatitis cases b ... | 1975 | 1235471 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatitis b surface antigen in human albumin products. | a collection of 1,985 lots of normal serum albumin (nsa) and 1,361 lots of plasma protein fraction (ppf) prepared between 1958 and 1974 were tested for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). twenty-one percent of nsa lots and 71 per cent of ppf lots were hbsag-positive by radioimmunoassay. there was considerable variation in frequency of hbsag-positive lots among the 17 different manufacturers of nsa and the six manufacturers of ppf. in general, those lots prepared from volunteer ... | 1976 | 1258115 |
| the interrelationship between hbv-markers and hiv antibodies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | to determine the interrelationship between hepatitis b viral markers (hbv), the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in hcc patients, a total of 282 subjects were included in the study. out of 282 subjects, 182 were hcc patients as determined by raised alpha-feto-protein (afp) of greater than 1,000 ng/ml. the other 100 control patients presented with other conditions and had detectable afp of less than 1,000 ng/ml in their sera. on presentation, 10 ml of venous ... | 1992 | 1279108 |
| mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma: roles of hepatitis b virus and aflatoxin contamination in the diet. | mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been reported in 50% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) from china and south africa. these reports suggested an association of p53 mutations with high levels of aflatoxin in the diet. most studies of p53 and hcc, however, have not fully evaluated the possible role of the hepatitis b virus (hbv). aflatoxin is a substance produced by food mold that is known to cause hcc in experimental animals. | 1992 | 1279184 |
| [interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis]. | the current state of interferon (ifn) therapy for chronic hepatitis b and c in japan is reviewed. the administration of ifn results in induction of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5as). 2-5as produces 2-5a capable of activating a latent rnaase that degrades viral rna. in patient with chronic hepatitis b, prominent reduction of hbv dna, hbe antigen and hbs antigens is observed, when ifn is administered. however, the replication of hbv starts again after stopping of ifn administration, because ... | 1992 | 1279242 |
| occurrence of oval-type cells in hepatitis b virus-associated human hepatocarcinogenesis. | proliferation of a new population of epithelial cells with distinct structure, as well as cytokeratin and alpha-fetoprotein expression, was observed in nonneoplastic liver tissues from 14 cases (13 hepatitis b virus-positive) of human hepatocellular carcinoma. these cells were characterized by oval nuclei; scant, pale cytoplasm; small cell size; and cross-reaction with a monoclonal antibody against rat oval cells. these putative human oval cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin 19 and disp ... | 1992 | 1280243 |
| properties of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b surface antigen containing s, pres2 and pres1 antigenic domains. | yeast cells have been engineered to express mixed hbsag particles containing the s and a modified large (l*) protein. their construction resulted in reduced protease sensitivity, reduced glycosylation and complete inactivation of the polymerized human albumin binding site. the particles exposed the s, pres1 and pres2 antigenic determinants and induced an immune response against the three domains. highly purified preparations have been obtained and are presently being tested in human volunteers. | 1992 | 1280502 |
| fine specificity of the human t cell response to hepatitis b virus core antigen. | the fine specificity of the human t cell response to the hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcag) was investigated in 23 patients with acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection using a panel of short synthetic peptides covering the entire core region. an immunodominant t cell epitope which was recognized by all except one patient, was identified within the core sequence 50-69. two further important t cell recognition sites were represented by the amino acid sequences 1-20 and 117-131, which were sti ... | 1992 | 1280506 |
| [detection of serum antibody against hepatitis c virus in patients with hepatitis and liver diseases]. | antibody against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was tested in 658 cases of hepatitis and liver diseases with elisa, ninety of these cases were positive, with a total infection rate of 13.68% (90/658). the positive rate of anti-hcv was highest in patients with chronic severe hepatitis (33.78%) and cah accompanied by cirrhosis of liver(31.58%). the infection rate in other types of hepatic diseases in order of frequency was as follows: fulminant hepatitis (18.18%), cah without cirrhosis (15.13%), sub ... | 1992 | 1282451 |
| [peptides from the principal neutralizing and cd4-binding domain: similar immunoreactive properties and structure pattern]. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proteins gp120 and gp41 are the principal immune target in hiv infection. one of the most important trends in the study of aids is linked to the mapping of sites involving in the binding to the cell receptor cd4 and in the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna). recent studies have revealed that gp120 as the major domain contains inducing type-specific bna (pnd) and a binding region with cd4 (cd4-br). pnd is located in the hypervariable loop of gp ... | 1992 | 1283721 |
| sero-surveillance of transmissible hepatitis b & c viruses in asymptomatic hiv infection in haemophilics. | in a group of 37 haemophilics, 9 (24.3%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), while 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27%) were positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) respectively. haemophilics who were hiv seropositive had higher prevalence of hbv and hcv. seropositivity for hiv was more in patients with severe haemophilia a who required frequent factor viii replacement. the need for long term surveillance of voluntary blood donors for transfusion associated virus ... | 1992 | 1283980 |
| [the inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and dna polymerases]. | catechin derivatives including (-)-epicatechin gallate (ecg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc) and green tea extract (gte) were found to inhibit the activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1 rt), duck hepatitis b virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (dhbv rcs rt), herpes simplex virus 1 dna polymerase (hsv-1 dnap) and cow thymus dna polymerase alpha (ct dnap alpha). egcg and ecg were shown to be very potent i ... | 1992 | 1284389 |
| synthesis of 23 k acute-phase protein by hbv genome carrying plc/prf/5 human hepatoma cells. | elevated synthesis of 23 k protein by human hepatoma plc/prf/5 cells was observed after their treatment with conditioned medium from concanavalin a stimulated peripheral-blood monocytes. increased amount of this protein was first determined 4 hr after the treatment and its maximal level was reached 48 hr later. the role of the 23 k protein remains so far unknown. | 1992 | 1284869 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| [unconventional culture of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv)]. | the investigation of the key stages of the hbv vital cycle was realised recently through an unconventional cultivation technique, using transfection with an adequate dna, cloned in plasmids. transfections was achieved in cell lines, differentiated or not. the results showed that expression of some of the hbv genes is under the control of hepatospecific factors. | 1992 | 1288633 |
| acute viral hepatitis. | it is now possible to define two forms of acute viral hepatitis by means of specific serological tests and at least one other form by exclusion. these diseases are known as hepatitis a, hepatitis b and non a non b hepatitis respectively. major features of the virology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, mode of spread and control of each disease are briefly reviewed. | 1978 | 208497 |
| [seroepidemiological study of hepatitis b virus x antigen (hbxag) and anti-hbx antibodies in patients with hepatitis b]. | a total of 437 patients with hepatitis b were tested for serum hbxag and anti-hbx in a seroepidemiological study. it was shown that the hbxag positivity rate was 3.66% (16/437), the anti-hbx positivity rate was 2.97% (13/437). hbxag was most frequently present in hbsag, hbeag, and anti-hbc positive, but anti-hbe negative sera. anti-hbx was most frequently present in hbeag and anti-hbc positive, but hbsag and anti-hbe negative sera. both the presence of hbxag and anti-hbx antibodies showed no sig ... | 1992 | 1301263 |
| production of infectious hepatitis delta virus in vitro and neutralization with antibodies directed against hepatitis b virus pre-s antigens. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) particles were produced in huh7 human hepatoma cells by transfection with cloned hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and hdv cdna. the particles were characterized by their buoyant density, the presence of encapsidated viral rna, and their ability to infect primary cultures of chimpanzee hepatocytes. successful infection was evidenced by the appearance of increasing amounts of intracellular hdv rna after exposure to particles. infection was prevented when particles were incub ... | 1992 | 1309901 |
| hepatitis b virus x protein activates transcription factor nf-kappa b without a requirement for protein kinase c. | the hepatitis b virus x protein stimulates transcription from a variety of promoter elements, including those activated by transcription factor nf-kappa b. a diverse group of extra- and intracellular agents, including growth factors and the human immunodeficiency virus tat protein, have been shown to require a functional protein kinase c (pkc) system to achieve activation of nf-kappa b. in this study we have investigated the molecular mechanism by which x protein activates nf-kappa b. we demonst ... | 1992 | 1309924 |
| solvent/detergent-treated plasma: a virus-inactivated substitute for fresh frozen plasma. | fresh frozen plasma (ffp) is prepared in blood banks world-wide as a by-product of red blood cell concentrate preparation. appropriate clinical use is for coagulation factor disorders where appropriate concentrates are unavailable and when multiple coagulation factor deficits occur such as in surgery. viral safety depends on donor selection and screening; thus, there continues to be a small but defined risk of viral transmission comparable with that exhibited by whole blood. we have prepared a v ... | 1992 | 1310064 |
| seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern california. | intravenous drug users are frequently exposed to parenterally transmitted viral infections, and these infections can spread to the general population through sexual activity. we investigated the prevalence of serologic markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in intravenous drug users and their sexual contacts. of 585 drug users from northern california tested for these ser ... | 1992 | 1310362 |
| sexually transmitted viruses other than hiv and papillomavirus. | this review has focused on a select group of viruses that can be sexually transmitted. the viruses include the herpesviruses, hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, delta virus, non-a, non-b hepatitis virus(es), and molluscum contagiosum. their impact on the population alone or in association with hiv disease necessitates a clear understanding of their ability to cause infection and of the manifestations of these infections. characterization of these particular pathogens and treatment have been d ... | 1992 | 1310546 |
| low frequency of p53 gene mutation in tumors induced by aflatoxin b1 in nonhuman primates. | aflatoxin b1 has been suggested as a causative agent for a g to t mutation at codon 249 in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas from southern africa and qidong in china. to test this hypothesis, nine tumors induced by aflatoxin b1 in nonhuman primates were analyzed for mutations in the p53 gene. these included four hepatocellular carcinomas, two cholangiocarcinomas, a spindle cell carcinoma of the bile duct, a hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver, and an osteogenic sarcoma of the ... | 1992 | 1310637 |
| meeting report. report of meeting of section of clinical immunology and allergy, 11 march 1991. | | 1992 | 1311382 |
| incorporation of the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine into the dna of herpes simplex virus and of hep-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine (cdg) is active against herpes simplex virus (hsv), human cytomegalovirus, and human hepatitis-b virus. in order to understand the mechanism of action of this compound against hsv, we have evaluated (a) the incorporation of [3h]cdg into viral and host dna in hep-2 cells infected with hsv and (b) the interaction of the 5'-triphosphate of cdg (cdg-tp) with the hsv dna polymerase and human dna polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma (ec 2.7.7.7). incubation of ... | 1992 | 1311407 |
| viral hepatitis. | | 1978 | 205734 |
| low risk of viral infection after administration of vapor-heated factor viii concentrate. international investigator group. | a multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate whether a vapor-heated factor viii concentrate transmitted blood-borne viral infections over a surveillance period of 15 months. thirty-five patients with hemophilia and von willebrand disease who had never received any blood components were treated. twenty-eight were analyzed and found not to have non-a, non-b hepatitis. sera from 20 of these 28 patients were also tested for the antibody to the hepatitis c virus. none had sero-converte ... | 1992 | 1311876 |
| acute viral hepatitis: modern knowledge. | | 1977 | 193084 |
| a prospective study of acute viral hepatitis with particular reference to hepatitis a. | in order to investigate the relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis, a prospective study was carried out on 97 patients admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, with suspected viral hepatitis, and 3 of their family contacts. evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus was obtained by detecting hepatitis a antigen in stools, and/or antibody to it in sera, by immune electron microscopy. infection with hepatitis b virus was determined by testing for hepatitis b surface antigen and ... | 1976 | 191207 |
| interaction of interferon-alpha with interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha on hepatitis b virus enhancer activity. | the interaction of ifn-alpha with il-1 beta or tnf-alpha on hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) expression was analysed in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-dna integrated plc/prf/5 and non-integrated huh-7 human hepatoma cells. secretion of hbsag in plc/prf/5 cells was reduced by ifn-alpha, il-1 beta or tnf-alpha, and synergistically depressed when ifn-alpha was used in combination with il-1 beta or tnf-alpha. by northern blot analysis, the levels of hbsag mrna were suppressed by ifn-alpha in combination ... | 1992 | 1312844 |
| a chromosome 17:7 translocation is associated with a hepatitis b virus dna integration in human hepatocellular carcinoma dna. | chronic hepatitis b virus infection is often associated with major structural rearrangements of both the integrated viral dna and the associated cellular sequences. we present here the structure of a single-copy hepatitis b virus insert cloned from human hepatocellular carcinoma dna recently reported to encode a novel transcriptional trans-activator function. the hepatitis b virus portion of the clone consists of two colinear fragments covering the x gene with its promoter and enhancer (nucleoti ... | 1992 | 1312986 |
| [acute hepatitis c. a clinical and epidemiological study]. | the discovery of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the possibility of determining anti-hcv serum antibodies has permitted greater etiological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge of non a non b hepatitis (nanb). | 1992 | 1313129 |
| regulation of hepatitis b virus gene expression by its two enhancers. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection causes acute and chronic hepatitis and is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. the principal site of hbv infection is liver, and hbv actively replicates in hepatocytes. two regions of the hbv genome have been shown previously to display properties of a transcriptional enhancer. in this study, we show that either of the two hbv enhancers can activate all three major hbv promoters in several human hepatoma lines, and the cooperative ... | 1992 | 1313564 |
| hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific cytotoxic t-cell response in humans: production of target cells by stable expression of hbv-encoded proteins in immortalized human b-cell lines. | to analyze the hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) response during acute and chronic viral hepatitis, target cells that express hbv-encoded antigens in the context of the appropriate hla restriction element must be available for each subject studied. since hbv is not infectious for human cells in vitro, such target cells must be produced by dna-mediated gene transfer into cultured human primary cells or cell lines. for this purpose, we have developed a panel of epstein-barr v ... | 1992 | 1313893 |
| hepatitis b virus, cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver. an electron microscopic study. | the core and coat of hepatitis b virus were found by electron microscopy in parenchymal cells of a liver biopsy from a 61 year old man with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. laparoscopy, 35 days after liver biopsy, and autopsy 42 days later confirmed the cirrhosis and showed in addition a well differentiated hepatoma. the possibility of a viral aetiology for the cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver is considered. | 1976 | 188267 |
| direct gene transfer to the liver with herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors: transient production of physiologically relevant levels of circulating factor ix. | we have used gene transfer vectors derived from a replication-defective mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), or canine factor ix (cfix) from the immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) to infect mouse liver by direct injection or through the portal vein. by either route, high levels of transgene expression were demonstrated by the detection of immunoreactive hbsag o ... | 1992 | 1316145 |
| multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are structurally and functionally intact during hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis b virus transgenic mice. | in the current study we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms which might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in a hepatitis b virus (hbv) envelope transgenic mouse model in which chronic hepatocellular injury and inflammation lead to regenerative hyperplasia and eventually to the development of chromosomal abnormalities and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), thereby reiterating many of the pathophysiological events that occur prior to the development of hcc in chronic hbv infection in humans ... | 1992 | 1316229 |
| clinical evaluation of oral fluid samples for diagnosis of viral hepatitis. | oral fluid samples were compared with serum samples as a specimen source for hepatitis a, b, and c virus markers. oral fluid was obtained with a treated absorbent pad and tested by using existing commercial enzyme immunoassays with only minor modifications. compared with serum sampling the sensitivity and specificity of oral sampling were 100% (51 of 51 samples) and 98% (46 of 47 samples) for hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m, 100% (29 of 29 samples) and 100% (29 of 29 samples) for hepatitis b ... | 1992 | 1316364 |
| sequence analysis of the hepatitis b virus pre-c region in hepatocellular carcinoma [hcc] and nontumoral liver tissues from hcc patients. | we investigated whether replication-competent pre-c/c defective mutants of hepatitis b virus (hbv) are detectable in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) tissues from patients of a geographic area endemic for such mutants. dnas extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hcc samples were checked for the presence of specific hbv dna sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). amplified pre-c regions from nine hcc samples were directly sequenced as were samples of nontumoral l ... | 1992 | 1316686 |
| multiple rearrangements and activated expression of c-myc induced by woodchuck hepatitis virus integration in a primary liver tumour. | woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) is a small, partially double-stranded dna virus. like the related human hepatitis b virus (hbv), whv induces acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in its natural host. whv dna integration into c-myc and n-myc, resulting in deregulated expression of these genes, has been described previously in woodchuck hcc. we have analysed a woodchuck liver tumour in which whv dna was integrated in the c-myc gene. the virus insertion provoked multiple al ... | 1992 | 1317604 |
| processing of hepatitis b virus surface antigen expressed by recombinant oka varicella vaccine virus. | we have constructed a recombinant oka varicella vaccine virus expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag). hbsag was synthesized as 26k and 30k proteins in infected cells and secreted into the culture supernatant as 30k and 35k proteins. inhibitors and glycosidase treatments, and pulse-chase labelling experiments, revealed the glycosylation process of hbsag. the latter was synthesized as a non-glycosylated 26k protein and subjected to n-linked glycosylation to form a 30k protein w ... | 1992 | 1318942 |
| intranuclear virus-like particles in hbsag- and ihxag-negative acute hepatitis (type c?) (preliminary report). | virus-like particles, acute hepatitis, hepatitis type c. intranuclear virus-like particles were found by electron microscopy in liver cells of a woman suffering from mild hbsag- and ihxag negative acute hepatitis. the particles encountered were morphologically different from those found in hepatitis b and hepatitis a respectively. futher studies are required to clarify whether the structures represent an incidental finding of a new human (passenger) virus or they may be related to the aetiologic ... | 1975 | 180761 |
| [expression and significance of pre-s1 and pre-s2 in human primary hepatic carcinoma (phc)]. | 135 specimens of primary hepatic carcinoma (phc) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded and stained for pre-s1, pre-s2 and hbxag by abc method, for hbsag and hbcag by pap method. the detection rates of pre-s1 and pre-s2 positive cases in cancerous tissues were 22.2% and 20.0%. the detection rates of pre-s1 and pre-s2 in non-cancerous liver tissues were 60.0% and 59.6%. the positive ratio of pre-s1 and pre-s2 in the same hepatoma was 16.3% and that in the same non-cancerous liver tissue was 55 ... | 1992 | 1319893 |
| glucocorticoid stimulates hepatitis b viral gene expression in cultured human hepatoma cells. | glucocorticoids have been shown to influence the severity of hepatitis b virus-related chronic hepatitis in human. however, very little is known about the effects of glucocorticoids on hepatitis b virus replication in vitro. in this report, we used a well-differentiated human hepatoma cell line, hep3b, transfected with hepatitis b virus complementary dna as a model to show that a glucocorticoid analog, dexamethasone, can directly stimulate the production of hbsag and hbeag. elevation of 3.5-kb p ... | 1992 | 1319949 |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of cr326 human hepatitis a virus. | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests by infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the buoyant densit ... | 1975 | 171955 |
| relationship between superoxide dismutase (sod) and viral liver diseases. | immunohistochemical evaluation of cu, zn- and mn-superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in various viral liver diseases was performed by the peroxidase-conjugated antibody indirect method. anti-human cu, zn-sod (rabbit) and anti-human mn-sod (guinea-pig) derived and purified from sod of human erythrocytes and placentas were used to determine sod distribution in liver tissues. sod in the liver tissues was detected in 68 inpatients of our unit. they consisted of 23 cases with chronic hepatitis caused ... | 1992 | 1320579 |
| deoxycytidine deaminase-resistant stereoisomer is the active form of (+/-)-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine in the inhibition of hepatitis b virus replication. | 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (+/-)-sddc) was found to have potent activity against human hepatitis b virus as well as human immunodeficiency viruses in culture. the (-)form ((-)-sddc) which is resistant to deoxycytidine deaminase was found to be the more active antiviral stereoisomer than the (+)-form ((+)-sddc). the (+)-sddc is susceptible to deamination by deoxycytidine deaminase and is 25- and 12-fold more toxic than (-)-sddc in cem cells in terms of anti-cell growth and anti-mitochondrial d ... | 1992 | 1321132 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c antibodies in patients with clotting disorders in victoria. relationship with other blood borne viruses and liver disease. | to elucidate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis c in patients with clotting disorders in comparison with other blood borne infections; to examine the effects of hepatitis c on liver function; and to assess the effectiveness of current screening and inactivation procedures used in preventing the transmission of blood borne viruses by clotting factor preparations. | 1992 | 1321326 |
| modification of cyclin a expression by hepatitis b virus dna integration in a hepatocellular carcinoma. | we have previously reported the identification of a hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna integration in an intron of the cyclin a gene in an early hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and the isolation of human cyclin a cdna. we have now constructed a cdna library from the tumor and isolated several hybrid hbv-cyclin a cdnas from it. the hybrid cdnas encode an hbv-cyclin a fusion protein. in the chimeric protein, the n-terminus of cyclin a, including the signals for cyclin degradation, is deleted and replaced ... | 1992 | 1321406 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, syphilis, and hepatitis b virus infection in haitian women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human t lymphotropic virus type i infections. the johns hopkins university (jhu)/centre pour le developpement et la santé (cds) hiv study group. | antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv) core antigen (anti-hbc), and vdrl antibodies (serologic evidence of syphilis) were evaluated in women known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (n = 95) or human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) (n = 45) and controls (n = 89). hiv-1-seropositive women were more likely than controls to have antibodies to hsv-2 (88% vs. 54%; p less than .001), anti-hbc (67% vs. 43%; p = .008), a ... | 1992 | 1321862 |