| the development of inclusions in sugar beets infected with beet-yellows virus. | | 1960 | 13820739 |
| effects of 8-azaguanine on sugar beet infected with beet yellows virus. | | 1957 | 13400121 |
| beet yellows virus. | | 1951 | 14875148 |
| the transmission of sugar-beet yellows virus by mechanical inoculation. | | 1949 | 18151953 |
| larval development sites of the main culicoides species (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in northern europe and distribution of coprophilic species larvae in belgian pastures. | some culicoides species of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological virus vectors worldwide and have indeed been associated with outbreaks of important epizoonoses in recent years, such as bluetongue and schmallenberg disease in northern europe. these diseases, which affect domestic and wild ruminants, have caused considerable economic losses. knowledge of substrates suitable for culicoides larval development is important, particularly for the main vector temperate species. this s ... | 2014 | 25241330 |
| chemical composition of silage residues sustaining the larval development of the culicoides obsoletus/culicoides scoticus species (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of bluetongue virus (btv). bluetongue is a viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. since its recent emergence in northern europe, this disease has caused considerable economic losses to the sheep and cattle industry. the biotopes, and more particularly the chemical characteristics which are suitable for larval development of the main vector species, are still relatively unknown. this study shows that the larvae of bitin ... | 2013 | 22963713 |
| urnula sp., an endophyte of dicksonia antarctica, making a fragrant mixture of biologically active volatile organic compounds. | urnula sp. was isolated as an endophyte of dicksonia antarctica and identified primarily on the basis of its its sequence and morphological features. the anamorphic state of the fungus appeared as a hyphomyceteous-like fungus as based on its features in culture and scanning electron microscopy examination of its spores. on potato dextrose agar (pda), the organism makes a characteristic fragrance resembling peach pie with vanilla overtones. a gc/ms analysis done on the volatile organic compounds ... | 2017 | 28188331 |
| taxonomic analysis of the microbial community in stored sugar beets using high-throughput sequencing of different marker genes. | post-harvest colonization of sugar beets accompanied by rot development is a serious problem due to sugar losses and negative impact on processing quality. studies on the microbial community associated with rot development and factors shaping their structure are missing. therefore, high-throughput sequencing was applied to describe the influence of environment, plant genotype and storage temperature (8°c and 20°c) on three different communities in stored sugar beets, namely fungi (internal trans ... | 2016 | 26738557 |
| development of a dna microarray-based assay for the detection of sugar beet root rot pathogens. | sugar beet root rot diseases that occur during the cropping season or in storage are accompanied by high yield losses and a severe reduction of processing quality. the vast diversity of microorganism species involved in rot development requires molecular tools allowing simultaneous identification of many different targets. therefore, a new microarray technology (arraytube) was applied in this study to improve diagnosis of sugar beet root rot diseases. based on three marker genes (internal transc ... | 2016 | 26524545 |
| the sequencing of the complete genome of a tomato black ring virus (tbrv) and of the rna2 of three grapevine chrome mosaic virus (gcmv) isolates from grapevine reveals the possible recombinant origin of gcmv. | the complete genome of a tomato black ring virus isolate (tbrv-mirs) (rna1, 7,366 nt and rna2, 4,640 nt) and the rna2 sequences (4,437; 4,445; and 4,442 nts) of three grapevine chrome mosaic virus isolates (gcmv-h6, -h15, and -h27) were determined. all rnas contained a single open reading frame encoding polyproteins of 254 kda (p1) and 149 kda (p2) for tbrv-mirs rna1 and rna2, respectively, and 146 kda for gcmv rna2. p1 of tbrv-mirs showed the highest identity with tbrv-mj (94 %), beet ringspot ... | 2015 | 25315631 |
| complete sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus. | the nucleotide sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus (garsv), a nepovirus of subgroup b, was determined from cdna clones. it is 7,288 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail and contains a large open reading frame (orf), extending from nucleotides 272 to 7001, encoding a polypeptide of 2,243 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 250 kda. the primary structure of the polyprotein, compared with that of other viral polyproteins, revealed the presence o ... | 2012 | 22752842 |
| effect of promoter-leader sequences on transient expression of reporter gene chimeras biolistically transferred into sugarbeet (beta vulgaris) suspension cells. | chimeric constructs consisting of the gus coding region fused downstream of promoterun-translated leader sequences from the tobacco osmotin and pr-s genes, the potato proteinase inhibitor 2 gene (pin2), and the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter were biolistically transferred into sugarbeet suspension cells. each construct was expressed in recipient cells at 6 h after bombardment with maximum levels observed between 12 and 48 h. expression of the pr-s construct mimicked the time-course ... | 1996 | 24178220 |
| the fungal endophyte chaetomium globosum negatively affects both above- and belowground herbivores in cotton. | mutualistic plant-endophyte symbioses can benefit plants by increasing host fitness through reductions in herbivory. the fungus, chaetomium globosum strain tamu 520, was previously isolated as an endophyte from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and can be re-inoculated to systemically colonize cotton plants via seed treatment. we evaluated the potential impacts of the endophyte in cotton on plant parasitic nematodes belowground, along with piercing-sucking and chewing insects aboveground. endophytic c ... | 2016 | 27451418 |
| formation of ent-isophleichrome by cladosporium herbarum isolated from sugar beet. | an isolate of cladosporium herbarum obtained from leaves of sugar beet produced a phytotoxic red pigment which was identified as ent-isophleichrome (1). production of the pigment was dependent on composition of the culture medium. the toxicity of ent-isophleichrome to sugar beet was strongly influenced by light. the polyketide biosynthetic origin of ent-isophleichrome in c. herbarum was demonstrated by (13)c acetate labelling/(13)c nmr studies. | 1992 | 27280820 |
| influence of beet sugar, calcium lactate, and staphylococcus xylosus (with nitrate reductase activity) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of persian uncured frankfurters. | this study investigated the effects of beet sugar (bs), calcium lactate (cl), and staphylococcus xylosus (sx) on the general characteristics of uncured frankfurters. minimum residual nitrite was observed in samples with a high level of bs and s. xylosus (8log(10) l0 viable cfu/g) after 2 mo. there was an increase in total aerobic counts in frankfurters after 4 wk. samples containing higher bs and cl had no clostridium perfringens at storage time. histamine content was similar for all treatments ... | 2012 | 22946602 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a korean isolate of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus infecting cucumis species in korea. | surveys of yellowing viruses in plastic tunnels and in open field crops of melon (cucumis melo cultivar catalupo), oriental melon (c. melo cultivar oriental melon), and cucumber (c. sativus) were carried out in two melon-growing areas in 2014, korea. severe yellowing symptoms on older leaves of melon and chlorotic spots on younger leaves of melon were observed in the plastic tunnels. the symptoms were widespread and included initial chlorotic lesions followed by yellowing of whole leaves and thi ... | 2015 | 26673519 |
| whitefly-transmitted criniviruses of cucurbits: current status and future prospects. | in the past decade, crinviruses have gained interest due to their rapid widespread and destructive nature for cucurbit cultivation. several members of the genus crinivirus are considered emerging viruses. currently, four criniviruses: beet pseudo-yellows virus, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus and lettuce infectious yellows virus have been reported to infect field- or greenhouse- grown cucurbits. apart from their cucurbit hosts, criniviruses infect other ... | 2014 | 24426308 |
| exploitation of fta cartridges for the sampling, long-term storage, and dna-based analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the use of dna-based analyses in molecular plant nematology research has dramatically increased over recent decades. therefore, the development and adaptation of simple, robust, and cost-effective dna purification procedures are required to address these contemporary challenges. the solid-phase-based approach developed by flinders technology associates (fta) has been shown to be a powerful technology for the preparation of dna from different biological materials, including blood, saliva, plant t ... | 2014 | 24093923 |
| establishment and characterization of three embryonic cell lines of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | three cell lines (qau-se-e-1, -2 and -3, or se-1, -2 and -3 for short) were established from eggs of beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) that have been passaged stably for more than 60 times in tnm-fh medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum. the cell lines consisted of round and spindle-shaped cells. the round cells accounted for 96.82, 84.34 and 83.16 % of the cells in the three cell lines, respectively, with cell diameters of 16.21 ± 0.72, 15.63 ± 0.58 and 13.06 ± 0.44 μm. random amplif ... | 2016 | 25999173 |
| beet yellows closterovirus hsp70-like protein mediates the cell-to-cell movement of a potexvirus transport-deficient mutant and a hordeivirus-based chimeric virus. | it has been suggested that the beet yellows closterovirus (byv)-encoded p65 protein, a homologue of hsp70 cell chaperones, plays a role as a virus movement protein (mp). to test this hypothesis, we used two types of complementation experiments with plant viruses containing the triple gene block (tgb) of mp genes. in one, the byv p65 gene was cloned into a 35s promoter plasmid and introduced into nicotiana benthamiana plants by microprojectile bombardment along with the 35s promoter-driven gus ge ... | 1998 | 9568985 |
| beet molasses-based feeding strategy enhances recombinant thermostable glucose isomerase production by escherichia coli bl21 (de3). | the aim of this work was to develop an effective fed-batch feeding strategy to enhance recombinant glucose isomerase (r-gi) production by recombinant escherichia coli bl21 (de3) plyss on an industrially relevant feedstock without the application of an exogenous inducer. following the batch operation (0 < t < 7 h), the effects of pulse and/or continuous feeding of hydrolysed-beet molasses were investigated under five different feeding strategies. the two most promising strategies with respect to ... | 2016 | 27958654 |
| preliminary study on cost-effective l-tryptophan production from indole and l-serine by e. coli cells. | l-tryptophan is used widespread in the pharmaceutical industry. the majority of l-trp production depends on microbial processes that produce l-tryptophan from indole and l-serine. these processes are very costly due to the costs of precursors, especially l-serine. use of inexpensive substitutions as the l-serine source of l-tryptophan production enables us to reach a cost-effective process. in this paper, effect of triton x-100 on l-trp production and the ability to use iranian cane molasses as ... | 2017 | 27920887 |
| enhancing l-lysine production of beet molasses by engineered escherichia coli using an in situ pretreatment method. | reducing the viscosity of molasses environmentally and selectively removing the harmful ingredients for microbes are the keys to promoting the bioavailability of molasses. a simple and environmental in situ pretreatment method integrating surfactants and alkali was developed to reduce the viscosity of molasses prior to l-lysine production using escherichia coli zy0217. adding activated carbon and modified orange peel based on the in situ pretreatment process effectively removed pigments and exce ... | 2016 | 26961187 |
| a novel bifunctional gh51 exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase from alicyclobacillus sp. a4 with significant biomass-degrading capacity. | improving the hydrolytic performance of xylanolytic enzymes on arabinoxylan is of importance in the ethanol fermentation industry. supplementation of debranching (arabinofuranosidase) and depolymerizing (xylanase) enzymes is a way to address the problem. in the present study, we identified a bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase (ac-abf51a) of glycoside hydrolase family 51 in alicyclobacillus sp. strain a4. its biochemical stability and great hydrolysis efficiency against complex bi ... | 2015 | 26628911 |
| enhanced l-lysine production from pretreated beet molasses by engineered escherichia coli in fed-batch fermentation. | faster sugar consumption rate and low-cost nitrogen source are required for the chemical biosynthesis using molasses. five pretreatment methods were applied to beet molasses prior to fermentation through engineered escherichia coli, respectively, and corn steep liquid was used as an organic nitrogen source to replace expensive yeast extract. furthermore, the effects of different feeding strategy in fed-batch fermentation on l-lysine production were investigated. the experimental results showed t ... | 2015 | 25899726 |
| identification and distribution of cellobiose 2-epimerase genes by a pcr-based metagenomic approach. | cellobiose 2-epimerase (ce) catalyzes the reversible epimerization of cellobiose to 4-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose. by using a pcr-based metagenomic approach, 71 ce-like gene fragments were obtained from wide-ranging environmental samples such as sheep rumen, soils, sugar beet extracts, and anaerobic sewage sludge. the frequency of isolation of the fragments similar to known sequences varied depending on the nature of the samples used. the ce-like genes appeared to be widely distributed in env ... | 2015 | 25487892 |
| optimization of l-tryptophan biosynthesis from l-serine of processed iranian beet and cane molasses and indole by induced escherichia coli atcc 11303 cells. | l-tryptophan is an important ingredient in medicines, especially in neuromedicines such as antidepressants. many commercial processes employ various microorganisms with high tryptophan synthase activity to produce l-tryptophan from indole and l-serine, but these processes are very costly due to the costs of precursors, especially l-serine. | 2014 | 25371801 |
| improved ethanol production from cheese whey, whey powder, and sugar beet molasses by "vitreoscilla hemoglobin expressing" escherichia coli. | this work investigated the improvement of ethanol production by engineered ethanologenic escherichia coli to express the hemoglobin from the bacterium vitreoscilla (vhb). ethanologenic e. coli strain fbr5 and fbr5 transformed with the vhb gene in two constructs (strains ts3 and ts4) were grown in cheese whey (cw) medium at small and large scales, at both high and low aeration, or with whey powder (wp) or sugar beet molasses hydrolysate (sbmh) media at large scale and low aeration. culture ph, ce ... | 2014 | 25036968 |
| presence of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli and salmonella in fresh beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) juice from public markets in mexico. | unpasteurized juice has been associated with foodborne illness outbreaks for many years. beetroot is a vegetable grown all over the world in temperate areas. in mexico beetroot is consumed cooked in salads or raw as fresh unpasteurized juices. no data about the microbiological quality or safety of unpasteurized beetroot juices are available. indicator bacteria, diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes (dep) and salmonella frequencies were determined for fresh unpasteurized beetroot juice from r ... | 2014 | 24676688 |
| characterization of a β-1,3-glucan recognition protein from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (insecta: lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene from spodoptera exigua (seβgrp) was cloned and characterized. the cdna of this gene is 1 644 nucleotides in length and the predicted polypeptide is 491 amino acids (aa) in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kda. the first 22 aa encode a predicted secretion signal peptide. a blast search, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequence of seβgrp revealed that this protein is most similar to the β-1,3-glucan recognit ... | 2013 | 23956146 |
| sugar beet m14 glyoxalase i gene can enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. | glyoxalase i is the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic compound increased rapidly under stress conditions. here we report cloning and characterization of a glyoxalase i from sugar beet m14 line (an interspecific hybrid between a wild species beta corolliflora zoss and a cultivated species b. vulgaris l). the full-length gene bvm14-glyoxalase i has 1,449 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1,065 bp encoding 354 amino acids. sequence analysis ... | 2013 | 23203352 |
| improved candida methylica formate dehydrogenase fermentation through statistical optimization of low-cost culture media. | nad⁺-dependent formate dehydrogenase (fdh, ec 1.2.1.2) is of use in the regeneration of nad(p)h coenzymes, and therefore has strong potential for practical application in chemical and medical industries. a low-cost production of recombinant escherichia coli (e. coli) containing fdh from candida methylica (cmfdh) was optimized in molasses-based medium by using response surface methodology (rsm) based on central composite design (ccd). the beet molasses as a sole carbon source, (nh₄)₂hpo₄ as a nit ... | 2012 | 23030463 |
| reconstitution, spectroscopy, and redox properties of the photosynthetic recombinant cytochrome b(559) from higher plants. | a study of the in vitro reconstitution of sugar beet cytochrome b(559) of the photosystem ii is described. both α and β cytochrome subunits were first cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. in vitro reconstitution of this cytochrome was carried out with partially purified recombinant subunits from inclusion bodies. reconstitution with commercial heme of both (αα) and (ββ) homodimers and (αβ) heterodimer was possible, the latter being more efficient. the absorption spectra of these reconstitut ... | 2012 | 22855209 |
| homofermentative production of d-lactic acid from sucrose by a metabolically engineered escherichia coli. | escherichia coli w, a sucrose-positive strain, was engineered for the homofermentative production of d-lactic acid through chromosomal deletion of the competing fermentative pathway genes (adhe, frdabcd, pta, pflb, alda) and the repressor gene (cscr) of the sucrose operon, and metabolic evolution for improved anaerobic cell growth. the resulting strain, hbut-d, efficiently fermented 100 g sucrose l(-1) into 85 g d-lactic acid l(-1) in 72-84 h in mineral salts medium with a volumetric productivit ... | 2012 | 22791225 |
| cloning of a cystatin gene from sugar beet m14 that can enhance plant salt tolerance. | an open reading frame encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin was isolated from the buds of sugar beet monosomic addition line m14 (bvm14) using 5'-/3'-race method. it encoded a polypeptide of 104 amino acids with conserved g and pw motifs, the consensus phytocystatin sequence larfav and the active site qvvag. the protein showed significant homology to other plant cystatins. bvm14-cystatin was expressed ubiquitously in roots, stems, leaves and flower tissues with relatively high abundan ... | 2012 | 22682568 |
| characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus rhizomucor miehei and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides. | the α-galactosidase gene, rmgal36, from rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene has an open reading frame of 2256bp encoding 751 amino acid residues. rmgal36 was optimally active at ph 4.5 and 60°c, but is stable between ph 4.5 and 10.0 and at a temperature of up to 55°c for 30min retaining more than 80% of its relative activity. it displayed remarkable resistance to proteases and its activity was not inhibited by galactose concentrations of 100mm. the relative s ... | 2012 | 22349190 |
| characterization of recombinant beta vulgaris 4,5-dopa-extradiol-dioxygenase active in the biosynthesis of betalains. | betalains are water-soluble pigments with high antiradical capacity which bestow bright colors to flowers, fruits and other parts of most plants of the order caryophyllales. the formation of the structural unit of all betalains, betalamic acid from the precursor amino acid 4,5-dihydroxyphenylalanine is catalyzed by the enzyme 4,5-dopa-extradiol-dioxygenase followed by intramolecular cyclization of the 4,5-secodopa intermediate. this paper describes the purification and the molecular and function ... | 2012 | 22270561 |
| processing and subcellular localization of the leader papain-like proteinase of beet yellows closterovirus. | orf 1a of beet yellows closterovirus (byv) encodes the domains of the papain-like proteinase (pcp), methyltransferase (mt) and rna helicase. byv cdna inserts encoding the pcp-mt region were cloned in pgex vectors next to the glutathione s-transferase gene (gst). in a 'double tag' construct, the gst-pcp-mt cdna was flanked by the 3'-terminal six histidine triplets. following expression in e. coli, the fusion proteins were specifically self-cleaved into the gst-pcp and mt fragments. mt-his(6) was ... | 2003 | 12867660 |
| construction of beta procumbens-specific dna probes and their application for the screening of b. vulgaris x b. procumbens (2n = 19) addition lines. | beta procumbens-specific dna probes have been constructed by cloning digested total dna in e. coli and screening the resulting recombinant plasmids in dot blot hybridizations with labelled b. procumbens and b. vulgaris dna. four clones (pts1-4) have been analyzed in detail determining their degree of specificity and dna sequence. two clones (pts1 and pts2) with the highest degree of b. procumbens specificity were adapted for the squash dot hybridization with the aim of screening large numbers of ... | 1990 | 24226215 |
| staining of platyhelminthes by herbal dyes: an eco-friendly technique for the taxonomist. | an environment compatible technique to stain platyhelminthes, fasciola gigantica, gastrothylax crumenifer, taenia solium, and moniezia expansa using aqueous and alcoholic extract of sugar beet (beta vulgaris), china rose (hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and red rose (rosa hybrida) were described to minimized the deleterious effects of the synthetic dyes. | 2015 | 27047037 |
| differentiation of eleven fusarium spp. isolated from sugar beet, using restriction fragment analysis of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified translation elongation factor 1alpha gene fragment. | sugar beet in europe is commonly grown in wheat and maize crop rotations and subsequently pile-stored for several weeks. beet is threatened by the colonization of saprophytic as well as pathogenic fusarium spp. a tool for reliable identification based on sequence information of the translation elongation factor 1alpha (tef-1alpha) gene was developed for the numerous fusarium spp. being isolated from sugar beets. in all, 65 isolates from different species (fusarium avenaceum, f. cerealis, f. culm ... | 2009 | 19594311 |
| characterization of fusarium secorum, a new species causing fusarium yellowing decline of sugar beet in north central usa. | this study characterized a novel sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) pathogen from the red river valley in north central usa, which was formally named fusarium secorum. molecular phylogenetic analyses of three loci (translation elongation factor1α, calmodulin, mitochondrial small subunit) and phenotypic data strongly supported the inclusion of f. secorum in the fusarium fujikuroi species complex (ffsc). phylogenetic analyses identified f. secorum as a sister taxon of f. acutatum and a member of the af ... | 2014 | 25209635 |
| multilocus analysis using putative fungal effectors to describe a population of fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris) fusarium yellows is caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae and can lead to significant reductions in root yield, sucrose percentage, juice purity, and storability. f. oxysporum f. sp. betae can be highly variable and many f. oxysporum strains isolated from symptomatic sugar beet are nonpathogenic. identifying pathogenicity factors and their diversity in the f. oxysporum f. sp. betae population could further understanding of how this pathogen causes disease and poten ... | 2014 | 24502207 |
| influence of nonhosts, crucifers, and fungal parasites on field populations of heterodera schachtii. | heterodera schaehtii egg number decline under nonhosts was surveyed for 3-4 years at soil depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm in three fields in the imperial valley, california. in the two fields continously cropped to alfalfa, annual decline rates were 49 and 63%, respectively, and did not differ (p = 0.05) between depths. in the third field, cropped to annual nonhosts and fallowed, decline rates of 56 and 80% at 0-30-cm and 30-60-cm depths, respectively, were significantly different (p = 0.05). egg ... | 1981 | 19300739 |
| a new furoquinoline alkaloid with antifungal activity from the leaves of ruta chalepensis l. | bioassay-guided separation with an eye toward antifungal activity led to the isolation of the new alkaloid 5-(1̀,1̀-dimethylallyl)-8-hydroxyfuro[2-3-b] quinoline (1) and the known biscoumarin daphnoretin (2) as the active constituents of the chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of ruta chalepensis. the structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectral characteristics (nmr, uv, and ms) and were compared with the literature. the antifungal activity of the isolated ... | 2010 | 22491304 |
| systemic infection of maize, sorghum, rice, and beet seedlings with fumonisin-producing and nonproducing fusarium verticillioides strains. | two fumonisin-nonproducing strains of fusarium verticillioides and their fumonisin producing progenitors were tested for aggressiveness toward maize, sorghum, rice, and beetroot seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. none of the plants showed obvious disease symptoms after root dip inoculation. fungal biomass was determined by species-specific real-time pcr. no significant (p = 0.05) differences in systemic colonization were detected between the wild type strains and mutants not producing ... | 2015 | 26672472 |
| structure-specificity relationships in abp, a gh27 β-l-arabinopyranosidase from geobacillus stearothermophilus t6. | l-arabinose sugar residues are relatively abundant in plants and are found mainly in arabinan polysaccharides and in other arabinose-containing polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans and pectic arabinogalactans. the majority of the arabinose units in plants are present in the furanose form and only a small fraction of them are present in the pyranose form. the l-arabinan-utilization system in geobacillus stearothermophilus t6, a gram-positive thermophilic soil bacterium, has recently been charact ... | 2014 | 25372689 |
| analysis of the transcriptome of the infective stage of the beet cyst nematode, h. schachtii. | the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, is a major root pest that significantly impacts the yield of sugar beet, brassicas and related species. there has been limited molecular characterisation of this important plant pathogen: to identify target genes for its control the transcriptome of the pre-parasitic j2 stage of h. schachtii was sequenced using roche gs flx. ninety seven percent of reads (i.e., 387,668) with an average phred score > 22 were assembled with cap3 and clc genomics workbe ... | 2016 | 26824923 |
| heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences. | deviations of genotypic frequencies from hardy-weinberg equilibrium (hwe) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. deviations from hwe due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. however, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a wahlund effect. the aim of the present work was, while taking into th ... | 2015 | 25735762 |
| effective delivery of a nematode-repellent peptide using a root-cap-specific promoter. | the potential of the mdk4-20 promoter of arabidopsis thaliana to direct effective transgenic expression of a secreted nematode-repellent peptide was investigated. its expression pattern was studied in both transgenic arabidopsis and solanum tuberosum (potato) plants. it directed root-specific β-glucuronidase expression in both species that was chiefly localized to cells of the root cap. use of the fluorescent timer protein dsred-e5 established that the mdk4-20 promoter remains active for longer ... | 2011 | 20602721 |
| quantitative detection of the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida, and the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, using real-time pcr with sybr green i dye. | the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida and the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii are major nematode pests in world agriculture. precise identification and knowledge about the number of nematodes in field soil are necessary to develop effective integrated pest control. here we report the results of the real-time pcr assay for the rapid detection and quantification of g. pallida and h. schachtii. using species specific primers and sybr green i dye, we were able to detect a single second ... | 2005 | 15680208 |
| enhancement of dibenzothiophene desulfurization by gordonia alkanivorans strain 1b using sugar beet molasses as alternative carbon source. | there are several problems limiting an industrial application of fossil fuel biodesulfurization, and one of them is the cost of culture media used to grow the microorganisms involved in the process. in this context, the utilization of alternative carbon sources resulting from agro-industrial by-products could be a strategy to reduce the investment in the operating expenses of a future industrial application. recently, gordonia alkanivorans 1b was described as a fructophilic desulfurizing bacteri ... | 2014 | 24519629 |
| next generation sequencing and molecular analysis of artichoke italian latent virus. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) allowed the assembly of the complete rna-1 and rna-2 sequences of a grapevine isolate of artichoke italian latent virus (ailv). rna-1 and rna-2 are 7,338 and 4,630 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail, and encode two putative polyproteins of 255.8 kda (p1) and 149.6 kda (p2), respectively. all conserved motifs and predicted cleavage sites, typical for nepovirus polyproteins, were found in p1 and p2. ailv p1 and p2 share high amino acid ide ... | 2017 | 28247096 |
| reduced neophobia: a potential mechanism explaining the emergence of self-medicative behavior in sheep. | gastrointestinal helminths challenge ruminants in ways that reduce their fitness. in turn, ruminants have evolved physiological and behavioral adaptations that counteract this challenge. for instance, emerging behavioral evidence suggests that ruminants self-select medicinal compounds and foods that reduce parasitic burdens. however, the mechanism/s leading to self-medicative behaviors in sick animals is still unknown. we hypothesized that when homeostasis is disturbed by a parasitic infection, ... | 2014 | 24955494 |
| preference for condensed tannins by sheep in response to challenge infection with haemonchus contortus. | herbivores prefer feeds that supply required nutrients and avoid those with excess nutrients and plant secondary compounds (psc). nevertheless, psc such as condensed tannins can provide beneficial medicinal effects to herbivores as they act against infective diseases such as parasitism. the objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if parasitized lambs increased preference for a tannin-rich feed after they experienced the beneficial antiparasitic effects of condensed tannins relative to pa ... | 2012 | 22459112 |
| morphological and morphometrical analysis of heterodera spp. populations in jordan. | phenotypic diversity of five jordanian populations of cyst nematodes, heterodera spp. collected from five regions from jordan (ar-ramtha, madaba, dana, al-karak, and jerash) was investigated. soil samples were collected from one representative field in each region. morphological and morphometrical characteristics revealed that heterodera latipons is dominated in cereal fields at ar-ramtha, madaba, dana and al-karak regions and heterodera schachtii in jerash. cysts populations from all cereal fie ... | 2016 | 26858546 |
| soybean cyst nematode culture collections and field populations from north carolina and missouri reveal high incidences of infection by viruses. | five viruses were previously discovered infecting soybean cyst nematodes (scn; heterodera glycines) from greenhouse cultures maintained in illinois. in this study, the five viruses [scnv, scpv, scrv, sctv, and sbcnv-5] were detected within scn greenhouse and field populations from north carolina (nc) and missouri (mo). the prevalence and titers of viruses in scn from 43 greenhouse cultures and 25 field populations were analyzed using qrt-pcr. viral titers within scn greenhouse cultures were simi ... | 2017 | 28141854 |
| ethylene response pathway modulates attractiveness of plant roots to soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | plant parasitic nematodes respond to root exudates to locate their host roots. in our studies second stage juveniles of heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (scn), quickly migrated to soybean roots in pluronic f-127 gel. roots of soybean and non-host arabidopsis treated with the ethylene (et)-synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg) were more attractive to scn than untreated roots, and significantly more nematodes penetrated into roots. moreover, arabidopsis et insensitive mut ... | 2017 | 28112257 |
| a cyst nematode effector binds to diverse plant proteins, increases nematode susceptibility and affects root morphology. | cyst nematodes are plant-parasitic roundworms that are of significance in many cropping systems around the world. cyst nematode infection is facilitated by effector proteins secreted from the nematode into the plant host. the cdnas of the 25a01-like effector family are novel sequences that were isolated from the oesophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines). to aid functional characterization, we identified an orthologous member of this protein family (hs25a01) from ... | 2016 | 26575318 |
| enhanced resistance to soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines in transgenic soybean by silencing putative cle receptors. | cle peptides are small extracellular proteins important in regulating plant meristematic activity through the cle-receptor kinase-wox signalling module. stem cell pools in the sam (shoot apical meristem), ram (root apical meristem) and vascular cambium are controlled by cle signalling pathways. interestingly, plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete cle-like effector proteins, which act as ligand mimics of plant cle peptides and are required for successful parasitism. recently, we demonstrated tha ... | 2015 | 25581705 |
| manipulation of two α-endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes, atcel6 and gmcel7, reduces susceptibility to heterodera glycines in soybean roots. | plant endo-β-1,4-glucanases (egases) include cell wall-modifying enzymes that are involved in nematode-induced growth of syncytia (feeding structures) in nematode-infected roots. egases in the α- and β-subfamilies contain signal peptides and are secreted, whereas those in the γ-subfamily have a membrane-anchoring domain and are not secreted. the arabidopsis α-egase at1g48930, designated as atcel6, is known to be down-regulated by beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) in arabidopsis roots, wh ... | 2014 | 24844661 |
| the interaction of the novel 30c02 cyst nematode effector protein with a plant β-1,3-endoglucanase may suppress host defence to promote parasitism. | phytoparasitic nematodes secrete an array of effector proteins to modify selected recipient plant cells into elaborate and essential feeding sites. the biological function of the novel 30c02 effector protein of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, was studied using arabidopsis thaliana as host and the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, which contains a homologue of the 30c02 gene. expression of hg30c02 in arabidopsis did not affect plant growth and development but increased pla ... | 2012 | 22442414 |
| variations in host preference among and within populations of heterodera trifolii and related species. | seven populations of heterodera trifolii from arkansas, kentucky, pennsylvania, and australia plus 3 or 4 single-cyst isolates (sci) from each population were tested for reproduction on seven species of plants to compare the host preferences among and within populations. common lespedeza, kummerowia striata cv. kobe, was a good host for all populations and isolates. therefore, a plant was considered to be a host if the number of females produced on it was 10% or more of the number on kobe. all s ... | 1999 | 19270913 |
| altered expression of a chloroplast protein affects the outcome of virus and nematode infection. | the chloroplast-resident rna helicase ise2 (increased size exclusion limit 2) can modulate the formation and distribution of plasmodesmata and intercellular trafficking. we have determined that ise2 expression is induced by viral infection. therefore the responses of nicotiana benthamiana plants with varying levels of ise2 expression to infection by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and turnip mosaic virus (tumv) were examined. surprisingly, increased or decreased ise2 expression led to faster viral sy ... | 2017 | 28323529 |
| cyst nematode parasitism induces dynamic changes in the root epigenome. | a growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications can provide efficient, dynamic, and reversible cellular responses to a wide range of environmental stimuli. however, the significance of epigenetic modifications in plant-pathogen interactions remains largely unexplored. in this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of epigenome changes during the compatible interaction between the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). whole genome b ... | 2017 | 28298479 |
| identification of cyst nematode b-type cle peptides and modulation of the vascular stem cell pathway for feeding cell formation. | stem cell pools in the sam (shoot apical meristem), ram (root apical meristem) and vascular procambium/cambium are regulated by cle-receptor kinase-wox signaling modules. previous data showed that cyst nematode cle-like effector proteins delivered into host cells through a stylet, act as ligand mimics of plant a-type cle peptides and are pivotal for successful parasitism. here we report the identification of a new class of cle peptides from cyst nematodes with functional similarity to the b-type ... | 2017 | 28158306 |
| protease activity and phytocystatin expression in arabidopsis thaliana upon heterodera schachtii infection. | the activity of plant proteases is important for amino acids recycling, removal of damaged proteins as well as defence responses. the second-stage juvenile of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii penetrates host roots and induces the feeding site called a syncytium. to determine whether infection by h. schachtii affects proteolysis, the protease activity was studied in arabidopsis roots and shoots at the day of inoculation and 3, 7 and 15 days post inoculation (dpi). nematode infection ca ... | 2016 | 27816823 |
| temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 2. separating the relative effects of gene flow and genetic drift. | studying wild pathogen populations in natural ecosystems offers the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of biotic diseases in crops and to enhance pest control strategies. we used simulations and genetic markers to investigate the spatial and temporal population genetic structure of wild populations of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii on a wild host plant species, the sea beet (beta vulgaris spp. maritima), the wild ancestor of cultivated beets. our analysis of ... | 2016 | 27606008 |
| arabidopsis mir827 mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing of its ubiquitin e3 ligase target gene in the syncytium of the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii to enhance susceptibility. | micrornas (mirnas) are a major class of small non-coding rnas with emerging functions in biotic and abiotic interactions. here, we report on a new functional role of arabidopsis mir827 and its nitrogen limitation adaptation (nla) target gene in mediating plant susceptibility to the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites that induce the formation of multinucleated feeding structures termed syncytia in the roots of host plants. using promoter:gus fusion ... | 2016 | 27304416 |
| temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 1. insights from the estimation of effective population sizes. | the sustainability of modern agriculture relies on strategies that can control the ability of pathogens to overcome chemicals or genetic resistances through natural selection. this evolutionary potential, which depends partly on effective population size (n e ), is greatly influenced by human activities. in this context, wild pathogen populations can provide valuable information for assessing the long-term risk associated with crop pests. in this study, we estimated the effective population size ... | 2016 | 26989440 |
| prevalence, distribution and intraspecific variation of heterodera schachtii populations from semiarid environment. | a two-year survey study was carried-out to identify and determine the distribution, community characteristics and intraspecific variation of the sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii populations collected from the six major sugar beet-producing governorates in syria, west asia. a total of 178 composite rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the six governorates during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons as follows: aleppo (26), ar raqqah (17), dayr az zawr (33), idlib (34), hamah (41) a ... | 2016 | 26981013 |
| activity profiling reveals changes in the diversity and activity of proteins in arabidopsis roots in response to nematode infection. | cyst nematodes are obligate, sedentary endoparasites with a highly specialised biology and a huge economic impact in agriculture. successful parasitism involves morphological and physiological modifications of the host cells which lead to the formation of specialised syncytial feeding structures in roots. the development of the syncytium is aided by a cocktail of nematode effectors that manipulate the host plant activities in a complex network of interactions through post-translational modificat ... | 2015 | 26408809 |
| the arabidopsis immune regulator srfr1 dampens defences against herbivory by spodoptera exigua and parasitism by heterodera schachtii. | plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. previously, we identified suppressor of rps4-rld1 (srfr1) as a negative regulator of enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 expressing avrrps4. the use of multiple stresses is a p ... | 2016 | 26310916 |
| spatial and temporal expression patterns of auxin response transcription factors in the syncytium induced by the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in arabidopsis. | plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of a multinucleated feeding site in the infected root, termed the syncytium. recent studies point to key roles of the phytohormone auxin in the regulation of gene expression and establishment of the syncytium. nevertheless, information about the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the transcription factors that mediate auxin transcriptional responses during syncytium formation is limited. here, we provide a gene expression map of 22 auxin res ... | 2014 | 24433277 |
| use of green manure crops and sugar beet varieties to control heterodera betae. | although it is less studied than the white beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii), the yellow beet cyst nematode (h. betae) has been found in many countries in europe. for example in the netherlands, france and spain. h. betae causes yield losses on sandy soils. a high infestation can result in loss of complete plants. in the netherlands, this nematode is especially found in the south eastern and north eastern part, where it occurs on 18% and 5% of the fields, respectively. from a project of ... | 2014 | 26084110 |
| myo-inositol oxygenase is important for the removal of excess myo-inositol from syncytia induced by heterodera schachtii in arabidopsis roots. | the enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is the key enzyme of a pathway leading from myo-inositol to udp-glucuronic acid. in arabidopsis, myo-inositol oxygenase is encoded by four genes. all genes are strongly expressed in syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in arabidopsis roots. here, we studied the effect of a quadruple myo-inositol oxygenase mutant on nematode development. we performed metabolite profiling of syncytia induced in roots of the myo-inositol oxygenase quadrup ... | 2014 | 24117492 |
| the aap gene family for amino acid permeases contributes to development of the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in roots of arabidopsis. | the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is able to infect arabidopsis plants and induce feeding sites in the root. these syncytia are the only source of nutrients for the nematodes throughout their life and are a nutrient sink for the host plant. we have studied here the role of amino acid transporters for nematode development. arabidopsis contains a large number of different amino acid transporters in several gene families but those of the aap family were found to be especially expressed in ... | 2013 | 23831821 |
| an arabidopsis atpase gene involved in nematode-induced syncytium development and abiotic stress responses. | the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii induces syncytia in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana, which are its only nutrient source. one gene, at1g64110, that is strongly up-regulated in syncytia as shown by rt-pcr, quantitative rt-pcr, in situ rt-pcr and promoter::gus lines, encodes an aaa+-type atpase. expression of two related genes in syncytia, at4g28000 and at5g52882, was not detected or not different from control root segments. using amirna lines and t-dna mutants, we show that at1g64110 ... | 2013 | 23480402 |
| complex feedback regulations govern the expression of mirna396 and its grf target genes. | the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, is a sedentary root parasite that induces the formation of a specialized root feeding structure, the syncytium. we previously have shown that coordinated regulation of mir396 and its target genes grf1 and grf3 in the syncytium is required for proper formation. to gain a better understanding of this coordinated regulation, we used quantitative real-time pcr to assess the abundance of primary (pri)-mirna396a, pri-mirna396b and mature mirna396 in transg ... | 2012 | 22751317 |
| inducing effect of pgrs on small regulatory si/mirna in resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode. | sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schmidt is an economically important plant parasite of sugar beet in ukraine. the pest control options are limited. sugar beet cyst nematode resistant varieties are not available on the market. carbamate and organophosphate pesticides have been banned due to the high toxicity. the problem is aggravated by continuously increasing of oilseed rape (which is suitable host for h. schachtii) growing area due to biofuel demands. several studies' results ind ... | 2012 | 23885445 |
| nuclear magnetic resonance: a tool for imaging belowground damage caused by heterodera schachtii and rhizoctonia solani on sugar beet. | belowground symptoms of sugar beet caused by the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii include the development of compensatory secondary roots and beet deformity, which, thus far, could only be assessed by destructively removing the entire root systems from the soil. similarly, the symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot (rcrr) caused by infections of the soil-borne basidiomycete rhizoctonia solani require the same invasive approach for identification. here nuclear magnetic resonance ... | 2012 | 21948851 |
| expression of arabidopsis pathogenesis-related genes during nematode infection. | the expression pattern of pathogenesis-related genes pr-1 to pr-5 was examined in the roots and leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants on infection with beet-cyst (heterodera schachtii) and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. during h. schachtii parasitism of arabidopsis, the expression of pr-1, pr-2 and pr-5, which are considered to be markers for salicylic acid (sa)-dependent systemic acquired resistance (sar), was induced in both roots and leaves of infected plants. in addition, the e ... | 2011 | 21453430 |
| identification of potential host plant mimics of clavata3/esr (cle)-like peptides from the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii. | in this article, we present the cloning of two clavata3/esr (cle)-like genes, hscle1 and hscle2, from the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii, a plant-parasitic cyst nematode with a relatively broad host range that includes the model plant arabidopsis. cles are small secreted peptide ligands that play important roles in plant growth and development. by secreting peptide mimics of plant cles, the nematode can developmentally reprogramme root cells for the formation of unique feeding sites wit ... | 2011 | 21199567 |
| metabolic profiling reveals local and systemic responses of host plants to nematode parasitism. | the plant parasitic beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii induces syncytial feeding structures in arabidopsis roots. the feeding structures form strong sink tissues that have been suggested to be metabolically highly active. in the present study, metabolic profiling and gene targeted expression analyses were performed in order to study the local and systemic effects of nematode infection on the plant host. the results showed increased levels of many amino acids and phosphorylated metabolites i ... | 2010 | 20374527 |
| assessment of parasitic activity of fusarium strains obtained from a heterodera schachtii-suppressive soil. | this study assessed the potential impact of various fusarium strains on the population development of sugarbeet cyst nematodes. fungi were isolated from cysts or eggs of heterodera schachtii schmidt that were obtained from a field suppressive to that nematode. twenty-six strains of fusarium spp. were subjected to a phylogenic analysis of their rrna-its nucleotide sequences. seven genetically distinct fusarium strains were evaluated for their ability to influence population development of h. scha ... | 2008 | 19259511 |
| structural and functional investigation of a secreted chorismate mutase from the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii in the context of related enzymes from diverse origins. | in this article, we present the cloning of hscm1, a gene for chorismate mutase (cm) from the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. cm is a key branch-point enzyme of the shikimate pathway, and secondary metabolites that arise from this pathway control developmental programmes and defence responses of the plant. by manipulating the plant's endogenous shikimate pathway, the nematode can influence the plant physiology for its own benefit. hscm1 is a member of the cm gene family and is expressed ... | 2009 | 19236568 |
| species of heterodera cysts in cereal fields in flanders. | heterodera is a genus of cyst-forming nematodes, including the cereal cysts which can provoke yield reductions in grain crops. as little is known about the occurrence of these cysts in belgian grain fields, a survey was organized, starting in flanders. soil samples were taken from 50 fields where cereals are grown in rotation with mainly beet, potato and vegetables. cysts were extracted from the 112 samples and 10 individuals per sample were identified up to species level by morphometrical and m ... | 2009 | 20222621 |
| challenges to grow oilseed rape brassica napus in sugar beet rotations. | the study was carried out in 1989-1991 and repeated in 2003-2006 to compare life cycle and dynamics of heterodera schachtii schm. on sugar beet, oilseed rape, fodder radish and to work out recommendations on how to decrease the risk of yield reduction while it grows in sugar-beet rotations. research was carried out in plot experiment in natural conditions. nematode community on rape, fodder radish and sugar beet was analyzed. data of nematode community showed that composition of nematode species ... | 2009 | 20222620 |
| study of some physiological changes in sugar beet cv. 7233 in the presence of sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii and an antagonistic sterile fungus stfch1-1 in the rhizosphere condition. | in this study, several physiological parameters of inoculated sugar beet plants, with the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, were evaluated in the presence of an antagonistic sterile fungus stfch1-1 in the rhizosphere condition. the sugar beet plant used in this bioassay was a multigerm cultivar, 7233, which is sensitive to the beet cyst nematode and has been adapted to cultivate in temperate and cool regions of the sugar beet production areas of iran. in this regard a potent bioassay was ... | 2007 | 19090242 |
| molecular mapping in oil radish (raphanus sativus l.) and qtl analysis of resistance against beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii). | the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schmidt) can be controlled biologically in highly infected soils of sugar beet rotations using resistant varieties of oil radish (raphanus sativus l. ssp. oleiferus dc.) as a green crop. resistant plants stimulate infective juveniles to invade roots, but prevent them after their penetration to complete the life cycle. the resistance trait has been transferred successfully to susceptible rapeseed by the addition of a complete radish chromosome. the aim ... | 2009 | 19050847 |
| effective and specific in planta rnai in cyst nematodes: expression interference of four parasitism genes reduces parasitic success. | cyst nematodes are highly evolved sedentary plant endoparasites that use parasitism proteins injected through the stylet into host tissues to successfully parasitize plants. these secretory proteins likely are essential for parasitism as they are involved in a variety of parasitic events leading to the establishment of specialized feeding cells required by the nematode to obtain nourishment. with the advent of rna interference (rnai) technology and the demonstration of host-induced gene silencin ... | 2009 | 19015219 |
| arabidopsis small rnas and their targets during cyst nematode parasitism. | plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialized feeding cells in infected roots, which involves plant developmental processes that have been shown to be influenced by micrornas (mirnas) and other small rnas. this observation provided the foundation to investigate the potential involvement of small rnas in plant-cyst nematode interactions. first, we examined the susceptibilities of arabidopsis dicer-like (dcl) and rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdr) mutants to the sugar beet cys ... | 2008 | 18986258 |
| assessment of host-induced selection on three geographic isolates of heterodera schachtii using rapd and aflp markers. | abstract the hypothesis that host plants exert selection pressure on heterodera schachtii populations was tested. host selection of genotypes from three genetically distinct isolates of h. schachtii was assessed using cabbage, sugar beet, oilseed radish (raphanus sativus), and white mustard (sinapis alba). the plants represent a range of susceptibility to h. schachtii and included r. sativus and s. alba, because cultivars of those species have been used as trap crops for h. schachtii in europe. ... | 1999 | 18944806 |
| biological suppression and natural population decline of heterodera schachtii in a california field. | abstract soil suppressiveness to heterodera schachtii was demonstrated in a field at the research station of the university of california, riverside. in two field trials planted to swiss chard (beta vulgaris), introduced h. schachtii multiplied 2.7 and 1.7 times more in preplant metam sodium-fumigated plots than in nontreated plots in 1994 and 1995, respectively. in greenhouse experiments, preplant treatments with metam sodium, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, formaldehyde, and aerated steam reduc ... | 1999 | 18944757 |
| transfer of biological soil suppressiveness against heterodera schachtii. | abstract heterodera schachtii-suppressive soil at a rate of either 1 or 10% (dry wt/wt) transferred suppressiveness against the beet cyst nematode to fumigated field plots when mixed into the upper 10-cm soil layer. soil suppressiveness was established after 1 month of moist fallow and 77 days of swiss chard cropping in the 10% transfer treatment and after 230 days in the 1% transfer treatment. the number of infective second-stage juveniles (j2) of h. schachtii, monitored initially at 150 degree ... | 2000 | 18944591 |
| effect of water, soil temperatures, and exposure times on the survival of the sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii. | abstract the effect of different combinations of temperatures and exposure times on the mortality of heterodera schachtii eggs was assessed in two different experiments under laboratory conditions. in the first experiment, cysts in water were exposed to 25, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, or 52.5 degrees c for a maximum period of 2 h. in the second experiment, cysts in naturally infested soil were exposed to 25, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, or 45 degrees c for a minimum period of 2 h to a maximum ... | 2005 | 18943034 |
| cyst nematode parasitism of arabidopsis thaliana is inhibited by salicylic acid (sa) and elicits uncoupled sa-independent pathogenesis-related gene expression in roots. | compatible plant-nematode interactions involve the formation of an elaborate feeding site within the host root that requires the evasion of plant defense mechanisms by the parasite. little is known regarding plant defense signaling pathways that limit nematode parasitism during a compatible interaction. therefore, we utilized arabidopsis thaliana mutants perturbed in salicylic acid (sa) biosynthesis or signal transduction to investigate the role of sa in inhibiting parasitism by the beet cyst ne ... | 2008 | 18321188 |
| study of sugar beet cyst nematode life cycle using plant tissue culture method. | after optimization of sterilizing of cyst and larva second stage of heterodera schachtii, possibility of using nematode on seedlings of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in in vitro conditions were studied using sterilized larvae of beet cyst nematode. for this purpose, non sterile cysts were extracted from infected soil and hatched into zinc chloride solution with concentration of 0.5 g l(-1). then, for preparation of sterile second stage larvae, several sterilizing treatments were used. mean compa ... | 2007 | 19090198 |
| females and males of root-parasitic cyst nematodes induce different symplasmic connections between their syncytial feeding cells and the phloem in arabidopsis thaliana. | root syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii were thought to be symplasmically isolated. a recent study with mobile and immobile gfp constructs expressed in transgenic arabidopsis plants under the control of patsuc2 showed that only mobile gfp could be detected in syncytia and suggested the existence of plasmodesmata between syncytia and the phloem. in the present study the existence of plasmodesmata between syncytia and the phloem is proven by grafting experiments. this ... | 2016 | 16889976 |
| detection of putative secreted proteins in the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii. | the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is an important pathogen worldwide, but its molecular characterization has been limited to studying individual genes of interest. we undertook a high-throughput genomic approach and drastically increased the number of available sequences for this parasite. a total of 2,662 expressed sequence tags were grouped into 1,212 clusters representing a nonredundant catalog of h. schachtii genes. implementing a bioinformatic workflow, we identified 50 sequences ... | 2006 | 16380840 |