| meat quality traits and muscle characteristics in high or low fear lines of japanese quails (coturnix japonica) subjected to acute stress. | 1. the influence of acute stress before slaughter on muscle and meat quality was studied in adult male quail from lines divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) and from the unselected (c) control line. 2. when subjected to acute stress, birds from the long ti line responded differently to those of the control or the low fear lines. lti birds exhibited: a higher plasma creatine kinase and a smaller increase in plasma corticosterone levels, a higher phu ... | 1998 | 9693818 |
| aggressive pecking by males in breeding groups of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | 1. head injuries caused by aggressive pecking are an important welfare problem in quail farming. the aim of experiments one to three was to reduce the rate of aggressive pecking in breeder groups. 2. the quails were housed in pens containing litter, nest boxes and a dustbathing box. the experimental groups consisted of 2/14, 3/14, 5/15 or 5/35 (males/hens) quails which were introduced into the experimental pens at the age of 4, 6 or 7 weeks. 3. none of the 5 factors that varied between the pens ... | 1998 | 9693812 |
| furazolidone toxicosis in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): pathomorphological changes in reproductive tract and reversibility of the induced changes. | female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) placed in 3 equal groups were given 600, 400 or 0 mg furazolidone (fz)/kg feed for 4 w and then withdrawn for another 4 w. another (pair-fed) group of same size was given basal feed as much as was consumed by the quail fed 600 mg fz/kg feed. fz feeding decreased body weight, feed intake and egg production. ovaries of the fz-fed quail decreased in weight and size and were studded with small follicles. magnum, isthmus and uterus in fz-fed groups h ... | 1998 | 9682406 |
| anatomical and neurochemical definition of the nucleus of the stria terminalis in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | this study in birds provides anatomical, immunohistochemical, and hodological data on a prosencephalic region in which the nomenclature is still a matter of discussion. in quail, this region is located just dorsal to the anterior commissure and extends from the level of the medial part of the preoptic area at its most rostral end to the caudal aspects of the nucleus preopticus medialis. at this caudal level, it reaches its maximal elongation and extends from the ventral tip of the lateral ventri ... | 1998 | 9634138 |
| glutathione depletion by xenobiotics in coturnix coturnix japonica. | | 1998 | 9606269 |
| molecular cloning of quail thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) beta subunit. | thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) beta subunit cdna was obtained from japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by pcr and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the cdna encodes a putative signal peptide and a mature protein consisting of 20 and 114 amino acids, respectively. the amino acid sequence of quail tshbeta subunit shows homologies of 67-69% in mammalian species, 58% in amphibian and 43-49% in teleost fish. comparison of the amino acid sequence with tshbeta subunits of other species reveals ... | 1997 | 9622299 |
| short beak: a new autosomal recessive semilethal mutation in japanese quail. | short break (sbk) is a new semilethal mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the sbk individuals are characterized externally by short breaks, shanks, and digits. the shank is also thicker than the wild type. the shape of the mutant beak does not show a parrotlike appearance, contrasting with that of other poultry chondrodystrophic mutants reported in the literature. bones in the fore and hind limbs of the sbk mutant are also shorter than the wild types. the humerus and ulna in the wing ... | 2003 | 9542163 |
| place preferences of japanese quail given a permanent choice between a social or a non-social but enriched situation. | japanese quail from two lines selected for high (hsr) or low (lsr) levels of social reinstatement behaviour were permanently placed from 2 days to 6 weeks of age in a situation where one tested animal had the choice between being in social contact with a stimulus animal in a bare compartment of the cage or out of visual contact with the stimulus animal in a relatively rich environment containing food, water and wood shavings. the young (1 or 2 weeks of age) quails spent most of their time (over ... | 1998 | 24896003 |
| vitamin a uptake cells in the endocrine organs of japanese quails, coturnix coturnix japonica. | the vitamin a uptake cells in the anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, and pancreas of japanese quails, coturnix coturnix japonica, were examined by the use of sudan iii staining, toluidine blue staining, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. after excess vitamin a administration, most of interstitial cells, corresponding to fibroblasts, increased markedly the size and number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm which emitted vitamin a fluorescence intensively. the reactions to vitamin a ... | 1997 | 9538560 |
| anatomical relationships between aromatase and tyrosine hydroxylase in the quail brain: double-label immunocytochemical studies. | the activation of male sexual behavior in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) requires the transformation of testosterone to 17beta-estradiol by the enzyme aromatase (estrogen synthetase). there are prominent sex differences in aromatase activity that may be regulated in part by sex differences in catecholaminergic activity. in this study, we investigate, with double-label immunocytochemistry methods, the anatomical relationship between the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase ... | 1998 | 9518270 |
| mate-choice copying in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica | we performed four experiments to examine effects on the mate choices of female japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, of observing a male mate with another female. each experiment was conducted in three phases: (1) a pre-test during which subject females were allowed to choose between two males with which to affiliate; (2) an observation phase, in which subject females either watched or did not watch the male they had spent less time near during the pre-test (their 'non-preferred' male) cop ... | 1998 | 9514666 |
| diet selection by japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in relation to ambient temperature and metabolic rate. | 1. a choice between a high-energy, wheat-based, low protein mixture and a lower-energy, soya-based, high protein mixture offered to growing japanese quail at ambient temperatures of 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees and 35 degrees c. 2. the quail were kept in open-circuit respiration calorimeters, so that diet selection could be related to energy requirement. 3. increasing ambient temperature had no significant effect on food intake by weight, but the proportion of the high energy choice decrea ... | 1997 | 9511005 |
| melatonin supplementation does not prevent photostimulatory effects of night interruption lighting in japanese quail. | male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) exposed to night interruption lighting were given melatonin either as single daily injections (10-100 mg/kg), or as continuous release implants. birds were exposed to a base photoperiod of 8 hr of light, plus a 15 min night interruption pulse of light 14 hr after the beginning of the base photoperiod. daily injections of melatonin were given 20 min prior to the night interruption pulse. control birds either received no exogenous melatonin or received injec ... | 1998 | 9510435 |
| ossification and growth rates of the limb long bones during the prehatching period in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the timing of ossification and the growth of six long bones of the prehatching period in the quail was studied. ninety-nine quail eggs were incubated and in total nine fetuses were selected daily from the sixth to the sixteenth day of incubation. the fetuses were stained with alizarine and alcian blue double colouration. the fetuses were studied under the stereoscopic microscope and linear measurements were obtained from the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula. the first appearance of ... | 1998 | 9505448 |
| hereditary multiple malformation in japanese quail: a possible powerful animal model for morphogenetic studies. | hereditary multiple malformation (hmm), a new mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica), is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. the proposed gene symbol for the mutant gene is hmm. the majority of the homozygotes die at the sixth day of incubation, and the remainder die at various stages by 15 days of incubation. the homozygotes surviving to the late embryonic stage have greatly shortened lower and upper beaks that are set apart and show an early embryo-like body shape, with feather ... | 2006 | 9487677 |
| the annual testicular cycle of the domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | a morphometric study was conducted on the testis of the domestic quail coturnix coturnix japonica to determine testicular kinetics. we investigated the variability along the year of testicular parameters such as seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height and amount of meiotic figures of maturing spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium and of sperm in the tubular lumen. the results of morphometric analysis showed the occurrence of an annual testicular cycle defined by four distinc ... | 1997 | 9400052 |
| anatomically specific colocalization of nadph-diaphorase and choline acetyltransferase in the quail brainstem. | on the basis of previous studies demonstrating a wide colocalization of nadph-diaphorase (nd) and choline acetyltransferase (chat) in mammalian and reptilian brainstem, nd histochemistry and chat immunocytochemistry have been combined to study the distribution of both markers in the mesopontine region of an avian species, the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). co-existence of the two neurochemical markers is present only in part of the system, namely, in the nucleus tegmentalis pedunculo-pontin ... | 1997 | 9300644 |
| bh (black at hatch) gene appears to be expressed in melanocytes of feather germs in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the bh (black at hatch) gene was examined to determine whether it is expressed in plumage melanocytes by analyzing pigmentation patterns of bh melanocytes placed in the micro-environment of the feather germs of quail embryos with pink eyes. these host quails genetically lack a large part of plumage melanin. the bh locus in these almost white quails is wild-type. when bh neural crest cells were transplanted orthotopically into the host embryos, wild-type and bh/+ melanocytes, which differentiated ... | 1997 | 9352198 |
| short latency vestibular evoked potentials in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | short-latency vestibular-evoked potentials to pulsed linear acceleration were characterized in the quail. responses occurred within 8 ms following the onset of stimuli and were composed of a series of positive and negative peaks. the latencies and amplitudes of the first four peaks were quantitatively characterized. mean latencies at 1.0 g ms-1 ranged from 1265 +/- 208 microseconds (p1, n = 18) to 4802 +/- 441 microseconds (n4, n = 13). amplitudes ranged from 3.72 +/- 1.51 microv (p1/n1, n = 18) ... | 1997 | 9190045 |
| differences in the sexual conditioned behavior of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | the conditioned responses of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were compared in a pavlovian conditioning procedure in which presentation of a brief conditioned stimulus was immediately followed by the release of a copulation partner. male quail vigorously approached the conditioned stimulus and were much more likely to enter the compartment housing their copulation partner than were female birds (experiment 1). in females, sexual conditioning resulted in increased squatting (exp ... | 1997 | 9170278 |
| comparison between oogenesis and related ovarian structures in a reptile, pseudemys scripta elegans (turtle) and in a bird coturnix coturnix japonica (quail). | the aspect of the oogonia during their premitotic dna synthesis and of the premeiocytes during their premeiotic dna synthesis was studied in turtles by autoradiography, after injection of 3h-thymidine. as in the adult laying quail, the intrafollicular oocytes of the adult turtle go through three successive stages: prelampbrush, lampbrush and postlampbrush. during the prelampbrush and lampbrush stage two kinds of nucleoli exist: peripheral and central. in contrast to avian yolk, during its final ... | 2006 | 9269708 |
| oxygen consumption and vital organ masses in young growing quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | | 1997 | 9179319 |
| the behavior of the japanese or domestic quail coturnix japonica. | this paper reviews the literature pertaining to the behavior of the japanese or domestic quail coturnix japonica. details are given of the classification, characteristics, domestication and the economic and research potential of the species. further sections deal with sensation and perception (including taste and smell, vision and hearing), maintenance behavior (including feeding and drinking, dust bathing and thermoregulation), development and aging (including vocalization, filial imprinting, s ... | 1997 | 9168263 |
| copulation activates fos-like immunoreactivity in the male quail forebrain. | it has been demonstrated using fos immunocytochemistry that copulation activates specific cell populations in the mammalian brain. prior to this study, no similar work has been carried out in birds. in mammals, fos has identified brain circuits activated by genital (penile)/somatosensory and by olfactory/vomeronasal stimuli. such inputs, of course, should play little or no role in birds (no penis, little or no role for olfaction) and a differential responsiveness could therefore be expected. mal ... | 1997 | 9105572 |
| aromatase inhibition blocks the activation and sexual differentiation of appetitive male sexual behavior in japanese quail. | two experiments investigated the role of estrogens in the activation and sexual differentiation of appetitive sexual behavior (asb) in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) as measured by a learned social proximity response. injection of the aromatase inhibitor r767 13 in castrated, testosterone (t)-treated male quail completely suppressed asb, confirming that, like consummatory sexual behavior, asb is mediated by t aromatization. asb is not observed in female quail, even if they are treated with t ... | 1997 | 9106677 |
| scierai ectasia associated with hereditary retinal dysplasia in a mutant strain of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | ocular defects and age-related lesions in mutant (gub strain) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), phenotypically characterised by silver plumage, are described. grossly, a circular area of hypopigmentation in the posterior retina with thinning of the subjacent sciera was observed in all gub quails. as the birds matured, the thinned sciera progressed to scierai ectasia. histologically, the sciera at the ectatic area consisted of an outer fibrous layer and was devoid of the inner cartilag ... | 1997 | 18483890 |
| divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 12. heterosis in reciprocal crosses between divergently selected lines. | a selection experiment was started using japanese quail to study the genetics of bw and plasma yolk precursor (measured by total plasma phosphorus; tpp). lines were divergently selected for 4-wk bw (hw and lw) or plasma tpp (hp and lp). sublines of hw were developed by continuing to select the males for increased 4-wk bw while selecting the females for increased (hw-hp line) or decreased (hw-lp line) tpp. the purpose of the present study was to determine the inheritance of traits associated with ... | 1997 | 9068041 |
| effect of gonadotrophin and sex steroid on the scotoresponses of day old chicks of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. | luteinizing hormone (lh) and testosterone propionate (tp) were tested for their effects on the development of scotorefractoriness in japanese quail. day old chicks of both the sexes were divided into four groups and treated with normal saline, lh (1 microg/100 g body weight) and two doses of tp (100 microg/100 g body weight- tp1 and 1 mg/100 gm body weight- tp2) over a periods of 14 weeks. in the male chicks, compared to control, lh treatment advanced and low dose of tp suppressed the developmen ... | 1997 | 9328228 |
| dilute down lethal: a new lethal mutation in japanese quail. | "dilute down lethal (ddl)" is a new mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). neonatal plumage of the ddl mutant is the same as the wild type in pattern, but its coloration is slightly lighter than that of the wild type. in addition to the down color abnormality, some ddl chicks have bent digits. all ddl chicks die within three days of age. genetic analysis revealed that the ddl mutation is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. the proposed gene symbol is ddl. | 1997 | 9027479 |
| do sex differences in the brain explain sex differences in the hormonal induction of reproductive behavior? what 25 years of research on the japanese quail tells us. | early workers interested in the mechanisms mediating sex differences in morphology and behavior assumed that differences in behavior that are commonly observed between males and females result from the sex specificity of androgens and estrogens. androgens were thought to facilitate male-typical traits, and estrogens were thought to facilitate female-typical traits. by the mid-20th century, however, it was apparent that administering androgens to females or estrogens to males was not always effec ... | 1996 | 9047287 |
| changes in retinal dopaminergic cells and dopamine rhythmic metabolism during the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in quails. | to examine the possible correlation between a dysfunction of the daily rhythm of retinal dopamine (da) and the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in an animal model, the al mutant quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | 1996 | 8843918 |
| molecular cloning of quek 1 and 2, two quail vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor-like molecules. | we have previously reported the cloning of two partial cdnas corresponding to two quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks), named quek 1 and quek 2, and their expression in endothelial cells of the early avian embryo. we here report the cloning of the full-size cdnas for both molecules. sequence comparison shows that quek 1 and 2 share an overall amino acid (aa) identity of 49%. they both comprise seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like (ig-like) domains, a single tran ... | 1996 | 8863722 |
| imitative learning in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) using the two-action method. | the study of imitative learning in animals has suffered from the presence of a number of confounding motivational and attentional factors (e.g., social facilitation and stimulus enhancement). the two-action method avoids these problems by exposing observers to demonstrators performing a response (e.g., operating a treadle) using 1 of 2 distinctive topographies (e.g., by pecking or by stepping). japanese quail (coturnix japonica) observers exposed to conspecific demonstrators showed a high correl ... | 1996 | 8858851 |
| paired pineals in the developing quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos. | paired pineals were observed as an anomaly in embryonic quail brains between 7 and 9 days of incubation. the size of each pineal was almost the same as that of the normal pineal and it was located slightly lateral of the midline. histological examination of these paired pineals revealed that both had similar cytological features in comparison with the normal pineal of the same developmental stage. no abnormal features were detected in brains and eyes of the embryos with paired pineals. since the ... | 1996 | 8940911 |
| inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): an immunohistochemical study. | cryostat sections of myofibres from the musculus pectoralis thoracicus of a newly established mutant strain (lwc) of japanese quail with a myotonic dystrophy-like myopathy were labelled with antibody against myosin heavy chain (mhc) isoforms and neural cell adhesion molecule (n-cam). the characteristic lesions found in sections of muscle of lwc quail stained with haematoxylin and eosin were type 2b fibre atrophy, sarcoplasmic masses, and ring fibres. immunohistochemical examination failed to dis ... | 1996 | 8910742 |
| body weights, carcase characteristics, organ weights, abdominal fat, and lipid content of liver and carcase in two lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), unselected and selected for four week body weight. | 1. the present study was conducted on quails to evaluate the effects of line and sex on body weight, carcase characteristics and organ weights and also to evaluate the effect of line on sex organs, and on carcase and liver lipid content of male quails. 2. chicks of both sexes were weighed weekly until 6 weeks when they were slaughtered. carcase yield, parts yield and measurement, weight of liver, heart, gizzard, abdominal fat and sex organs were obtained. carcase and liver lipid content of male ... | 1996 | 8842465 |
| ultrastructural modifications in cultured fetal quail hepatocytes exposed to pesticides and pcbs. | there is increasing interest in cultured hepatocytes as a tool for solving toxicological and pharmacological problems while reducing laboratory animal experimentation. in the present study, fetal hepatocytes from the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used as an in vitro alternative model for evaluating the effects of pcbs and various pesticide-type chemicals on cell ultrastructure. major alterations were demonstrated. the most striking effects of toxicants were an increase in the ... | 1996 | 8812180 |
| sign tracking versus goal tracking in the sexual conditioning of male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | pairings of a conditioned (cs) and unconditioned (us) stimulus can result in approach to either the cs (sign tracking) or the us (goal tracking). increasing the spatial or temporal separation between the cs and a us food has been reported to results in a decline in sign tracking and an increase in goal tracking. in the present experiments, sign tracking was the predominant response of male quail (coturnix japonica) to a cs that was presented up to 91 cm from the door through which a female was p ... | 1996 | 8691160 |
| learning and male-male sexual competition in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were trained individually to discriminate between 2 sounds presented at opposite ends of an outdoor aviary. one of the sounds (the positive conditioned stimulus [cs+]) was associated with the release of a female, and the other (the negative cs [cs-]) was presented alone. which of the 2 sounds served as the cs+ (and which served as the cs-) was counterbalanced across subjects. the subjects came to approach their cs+ but did not move away from their cs-. aft ... | 1996 | 8681530 |
| efferents from the optic tectum to the brain stem in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). anterogradely biocytin method. | efferents from the optic tectum to the brain stem in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were studied with the anterogradely biocytin method. after injection of biocytin into the ipsilateral optic tectum, labeled terminals were seen in the rotund nucleus (rt), neuropil part of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (glnv), principal part of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, lateral part of the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus, triangular nucleus (t), superficial parvocellular nucleus (spc), ... | 1996 | 8741383 |
| proliferation of granulosa and thecal cells in germinal disc and non-disc regions during follicular growth in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in situ. | proliferation of granulosa and thecal cells was analysed during ovarian follicular growth in laying japanese quail. the birds were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) 10 or 4 h before ovulation, that is, before or after a preovulatory lh surge, respectively, and incorporation of brdu by follicular tissues was detected immunocytochemically. cells labelled with brdu were seldom seen in the most immature follicles in the ovarian cortex, whereas many granulosa and thecal cells w ... | 1996 | 8699425 |
| conditioned inhibition of social approach in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) using visual exposure to a female. | male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) learned to approach lights that predicted visual exposure to a female quail and showed significantly less approach to lights that predicted the absence of a female quail. following discrimination training, subjects were given transfer summation tests in which a stimulus positively correlated with female exposure (cs +) was presented alone, simultaneously with a novel stimulus, and simultaneously with a stimulus negatively correlated with female exposure (c ... | 1996 | 24896683 |
| social discrimination in japanese quail coturnix japonica chicks genetically selected for low or high social reinstatement motivation. | japanese quail chicks of two lines genetically selected for low levels of social reinstatement behaviour (lsr) or high levels of social reinstatement behaviour (hsr) were housed in groups of three. the approach/avoidance tendencies of an individual chick from each group towards a familiar cagemate and a stranger from another group placed at opposite ends of a runway were measured at 7 days of age. quail chicks of both genetic lines preferentially approached, spent longer near, and showed shorter ... | 1996 | 24896679 |
| divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 11. correlated responses over thirty generations. | japanese quail lines were divergently selected for 4-wk bw (hw and lw lines) and plasma yolk precursor [total plasma phosphorus (tpp); hp and lp lines] for 30 generations. the base population was a randombred control line (r1) that was maintained along with the selected lines. sublines were established from the ninth selected generation of hw by continuing to select males for increased 4-wk bw and selecting females for increased (hw-hp line) or decreased (hw-lp line) tpp. correlated responses ov ... | 1996 | 8786935 |
| inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): an ultrastructural study. | ultrastructural study of muscles taken from a mutant (lwc) strain of japanese quail with myotonia showed type 2 fibre atrophy, ring fibre formation, sarcoplasmic masses, and "moth-eaten" fibres. in these abnormal fibres, the most characteristic feature was the loss of interconnection among the myofibrils, mitochondria, and t tubules. apparently normal muscle fibres often showed mild changes, such as proliferation of t tubules and enlarged sarcoplasmic areas with increased glycogen granules and r ... | 1996 | 8762590 |
| testosterone effects on vasotocinergic innervation of sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus and lateral septum during aging in male quail. | vasotocin fibers are known to innervate regions important in the regulation of sexual behavior and neuroendocrine systems in quail. in this experiment, vasotocinergic innervation of the lateral septum and of the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus was studied during reproductive aging relative to sexual behavior or following testosterone (t). there were 4 groups of male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) studied: adult reproductive (6 month, n = 4), photoregressed adult (n = 5), old senes ... | 1996 | 8814893 |
| divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 10. response to selection over thirty generations. | japanese quail lines were divergently selected for 30 generations for 4-wk bw (hw, lw) or plasma yolk precursor (hp, lp) as measured by total plasma phosphorus (tpp) at the beginning of lay. the hw, lw, hp, and lp lines were initiated from a randombred control line (r1). in the ninth generation of selection in the hw line, sublines were developed by continuing to select males for increased 4-wk bw whereas females were selected for increased (hw-hp line) or decreased (hw-lp) tpp. individual selec ... | 1996 | 8778720 |
| fibromuscular dysplasia in intramuscular arteries of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | fibromuscular dysplasia (fmd) was found in the intramuscular arteries of both commercial (normal) and mutant (lwc) strains of japanese quail. the mutant strain lwc is afflicted with an inherited muscular dystrophy exhibiting myotonia. the arterial lesions were classified as medial fibroplasia or medial hyperplasia, both being subtypes of medial fmd. some lesions showed extensive proliferation of medial smooth muscle into the vascular lumen, resulting in partial occlusion of the affected blood ve ... | 1996 | 8920213 |
| intestinal growth in altricial european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and precocial japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). a morphometric and cytokinetic study. | this paper introduces the comparison of altricial and precocial birds as a model system for the study of patterns of intestinal growth. it reports on comparative morphometric and cytokinetic studies of intestinal growth in altricial european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and precocial japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). morphometric data at five gut segments of neonates and adults of both species are provided to evaluate the growth of the intestine. a double labelling technique combining ... | 1996 | 9078400 |
| subtypes of active cell death in the granulosa of ovarian atretic follicles in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | follicular atresia in the ovaries of japanese quail was studied by cytochemistry and electron microscopy. three different types of cell death coexisted in the granulosa. a large number of cells showed signs of apoptosis. the dna fragmentation in these cells was demonstrated in a previous study using in situ end-labeling. a second and non-negligible type of cell death consisted of extensive autophagocytosis of the cytoplasm occurring simultaneously with late nuclear alterations. finally, a few de ... | 1996 | 8663915 |
| effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity in quail under normal feeding regimens. | 1. the effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity was investigated in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under a normal feeding regimen. 2. at 42 d of age, when the quail had started to lay and hen day production was about 60%, layers were heavier and contained more carcase fat than those that were not laying. 3. the liver and the ovary weight were greater following the onset of sexual maturity than 1 or 2 weeks before (35 and 28 d respectively). 4. car ... | 1995 | 8746978 |
| functional maturation of neuroendocrine gonadal axis is altered by specific phase relations of circadian neurotransmitter activity in japanese quail. | the present study was designed to ascertain the effects of temporal relationship of circadian neural oscillations on puberty attainment and reproductive growth of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. serotonin and dopamine precursors (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-htp and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, l-dopa; 5 mg/100 g body weight) were injected daily, 8 and 12 h apart in two groups of one-day old chicks, while controls received two daily injections of normal saline. weekly/biweekly observations (b ... | 1995 | 8719179 |
| characterisation of melatonin binding sites in the eye of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | melatonin binding sites were examined in the quail eye using 2-[125]iodomelatonin. radioreceptor assays indicated similar binding sites in membrane preparations of neural retina (nr) and choroid-retinal pigment epithelium (c-rpe) eye components. in both tissues binding of the radioligand was specific, saturable, and of high affinity [kd values nr 50.8 +/- 19.5 pm, c-rpe 98.2 +/- 35.4 pm, mean +/- sem (n = 4)] and low capacity (bmax values nr 12.4 +/- 2.7 fmol/mg protein, c-rpe 21.5 +/- 3.2 fmol/ ... | 1995 | 8582600 |
| development of metabolic response in male quail brain during sexual maturation. | seasonal reproductive activities of japanese quail coturnix japonica are induced most obviously by stimulatory effects of long-day photoperiod. this study addressed the metabolic response, as measured by 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg), in brain of male quail during sexual maturation. at 7 weeks of age, reproductively quiescent quail exposed to a short photoperiod of 6l:18d, received 2-dg on day 0 and +3, +6, +9, +12, +15 and +18 days after onset of 16l:8d. brains were processed for autoradiography; serum ... | 1995 | 8593573 |
| the occurrence of a mutant dimerizable histone h5 in japanese quail erythrocytes. | an allelic variant of linker histone h5 has been found in the erythrocytes of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) descended from a small group of feral birds captured on the island of hawaii. this variant spontaneously forms protein dimers in vitro in the absence of reducing agents. that this depends upon the introduction of a sulfhydryl group (presumably because of a cysteine substitution) is indicated by its reaction with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate and by its fluorescence after reaction with 4 ... | 1995 | 8537005 |
| influence of various dietary protein levels on carcase composition in the male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | 1. the present study was conducted to determine the effect of various dietary protein concentrations on the carcase composition of male japanese quail. 2. six diets varying in protein from 160 to 300 g/kg and containing approximately 11.72 mj/kg me were fed for 5 weeks and analysed for dry matter, protein, fat and ash. 3. treatments affected carcase weight, dry matter, protein, ether extract and ash (p < 0.01). 4. the water content of the carcases decreased with increasing dietary protein concen ... | 1995 | 8590093 |
| exposure of domestic quail embryos to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. | four hundred domestic quail eggs (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used to study the possible teratogenic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (elf-mfs) on early embryonic development. ten females were selected from a flock on the basis of their high fertility rate and low number of spontaneous abnormalities and they were selectivity maintained in nesting-boxes in a room where feeding and environmental conditions were carefully controlled. all the eggs used in the experiments were ... | 1995 | 7561392 |
| dietary nitroprusside alleviates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), susceptible to cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, were rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol in two experiments. half the animals also received a dietary supplement of sodium nitroprusside ranging in concentration from 0.005% to 0.015%. after 10 weeks on the diets, serum was obtained for cholesterol analysis, the animals were killed, and the aortae removed and examined for the presence of atherosclerotic le ... | 1995 | 7553329 |
| autoradiographic localization of d1-like dopamine receptors in the forebrain of male and female japanese quail and their relationship with immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase. | the distribution of d1-like dopamine receptors was studied in the brain of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by means of quantitative autoradiography with 3h-labelled d1 selective antagonist, sch 23390, serving as a ligand. a specific, saturable, high affinity binding of this ligand was demonstrated. high densities of binding sites were detected in the lobus parolfactorius, olfactory tubercle, and paleostriatum augmentatum. medium densities were observed in the entire neostriatu ... | 1995 | 8561950 |
| inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): relationship between the development of muscle lesions and age. | the progression of the pathological changes that occur in the skeletal muscle was examined in 19 japanese quail of the lwc strain, affected with an autosomal dominant inherited muscular disorder producing electrical myotonia. the muscle samples were obtained every 10 days from 20 to 70 days of age. muscle samples from 18 age-matched commercial quail were used as normal controls. characteristic histological lesions found in the skeletal muscles included sarcoplasmic masses, ringed fibres, interna ... | 1995 | 8543670 |
| effect of inducers and pcbs on the cytochrome p450 enzymes in cultured quail hepatocytes. | hepatocytes isolated from fetal quail livers (coturnix coturnix japonica) were cultured in vitro. their capacity to metabolize drugs and xenobiotics was explored with typical cytochrome p450 substrates: ethoxycoumarin (known to be metabolized by several p450s), ethoxyresorufin (essentially dealkylated by p450ia1), and testosterone (specifically hydroxylated at several positions by several p450s). the cells could be kept metabolically active in culture for at least 4 days. their drug-metabolizing ... | 1995 | 8521782 |
| light down lethal: a new autosomal recessive down color mutation in japanese quail. | a new plumage color mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) was named "light down lethal" based on its light coloration of neonatal plumage and almost total mortality by 3 weeks of age. prehatch mortality of the light down lethal was also higher (36.8%) than the wild type (8.2%). the majority of the light down lethal chicks that hatched died within 1 week of age. among the 103 light down lethal chicks that hatched, only two males survived to adulthood and reproduced normally. their adult ... | 2003 | 7657997 |
| metabolic adaptations induced by long-term fasting in quails. | after up to 21 days without food, adult male quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) lost about 45% of the initial body weight (100-150 g). as in naturally fast-adapted and larger birds, three phases were identified during prolonged fasting in quails. phase i lasted 2-3 days and was characterized by a rapid decrease in the rate of body weight loss and high fat mobilization. phase ii was longer and characterized by a slow and steady decline in the rates of body weight loss and of nitrogen excretion. ... | 1995 | 7614041 |
| sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in quail and zebra finches: studies with a new aromatase inhibitor, r76713. | in many species of vertebrates, major sex differences affect reproductive behavior and endocrinology. most of these differences do not result from a direct genomic action but develop following early exposure to a sexually differentiated endocrine milieu. in rodents, the female reproductive phenotype mostly develops in the absence of early steroid influence and male differentiation is imposed by the early action of testosterone, acting at least in part through its central conversion into estrogen ... | 1995 | 7626466 |
| species specificity of social reinstatement in japanese quail coturnix japonica genetically selected for high or low levels of social reinstatement behaviour. | divergent lines of japanese quail coturnix japonica showing high (hsr) or low (lsr) levels of social reinstatement (sr) behaviour (as measured in a treadmill apparatus) have been developed. however, it was not known if selection had influenced social reinstatement tendencies in a general or a species-specific fashion. therefore, the present study compared the sr behaviour of quail chicks of the hsr and lsr lines and of a control line when the goal box of the treadmill was empty or when it contai ... | 1995 | 24897245 |
| bh (black at hatch) gene appears to cause whole-body hemorrhage in homozygous embryos of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | genotypes of early embryos obtained from mating bh/+ quail were determined by chorio-allantoic membrane grafting of their thigh skin, and the development of the bh homozygous embryos was examined histologically. the bh homozygous embryos died at an early stage of development (after 7 to 10 days of incubation) with a very high incidence of whole-body hemorrhage (approximately 100%), but malformation of neural tubes was not always accompanied by bh homozygosity. degeneration of the liver was more ... | 1995 | 7722476 |
| mosaic lectin labelling in the quail collecting ducts. | morphological and histoenzymological differences have been observed between intercalated and principal cells of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica collecting ducts. the present study was designed to shed light on the lectin affinity of the collecting duct cells within cortex and medulla by the use of hrp-labelled lectins combined with glycosidase degradation. binding of pna and rca-i lectins consequent to enzymatic release of sialic acid revealed abundant sialylated carbohydrate moieties withi ... | 1995 | 7541264 |
| a quantitative investigation of gonadal feminization by diethylstilboestrol of genetically male embryos of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. | the effect of diethylstilboestrol on gonad development in quail embryos has been quantitatively analysed. quail embryos at 4 days of incubation were treated with diethylstilboestrol (des), using the egg dipping method. at 10 days of incubation, embryos were removed and killed by decapitation. tissues were prepared for chromosome analysis, and the parts of the abdomen containing the gonads were prepared for serial sectioning and quantitative assessment. left gonads of des-treated male embryos res ... | 1995 | 7616493 |
| effects of insulin-like growth factor-i, estrogen, glucocorticoid, and transferrin on the mrna contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) oviduct cells. | the effects of estrogen, dexamethasone, insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), and transferrin on the messenger rna (mrna) contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail oviduct cells were investigated. in the absence of one of the above hormones or factors, a decrease in ovalbumin mrna was prominent. in particular, removal of igf-i and transferrin caused a significant effect. studies using a combination of estrogen, dexamethasone, igf-i and transferrin indicated that igf-i coo ... | 1995 | 7599964 |
| sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in birds. | it is currently accepted that most sex differences in brain and behavior do not result from direct genomic actions, but develop following early exposure to a sexually differentiated endocrine milieu. in japanese quail (coturnix japonica), in contrast to rodents, the male reproductive phenotype appears to develop in the absence of endocrine influence, and estradiol secreted by the ovary of the female embryo is responsible for the physiologic demasculinization of females. in zebra finches (taeniop ... | 2008 | 18406680 |
| new findings in the stumpy-limb mutation of japanese quail. | the stumpy-limb (sl) mutant (sl/sl) of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is characterized by brachycephaly, parrot-like beaks with mild expressivity, and short and thick limbs. although this mutant had been believed to be completely embryonic lethal just before hatching, this study revealed that the sl mutant was partly viable when genetic background was altered. a total of 132 of 237 sl embryos (56%) hatched from the eggshell with no assistance; subsequently, 36 of the 132 sl chicks that hatch ... | 2003 | 7890930 |
| photoperiodic activation of fos-like immunoreactive protein in neurones within the tuberal hypothalamus of japanese quail. | photoperiodic stimulation of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) resulted in the appearance of a nuclear fos-like protein within neurones of the basal tuberal hypothalamus. on transfer to long days the number of neurones containing this fos-like immunoreactivity increased from about 150 to 700, the neurones being scattered throughout the length of the tubero-infundibular complex. this activation had occurred by early in the second long day and was maintained for at least three long days. over thi ... | 1995 | 7823310 |
| influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | a study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). quail receiving 1 part per million (ppm) of dietary aflatoxin b1 and inoculated with 10(5) sporulated oocysts of e. uzura gained significantly less weight than chicks receiving either aflatoxin or coccidia alone. increased morbidity, mortality and decreased efficiency of feed utilization were also evident. the combination of e. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis resu ... | 1995 | 7732641 |
| karyotypic analysis of three species of phasianidae (galliformes: aves). | the karyology of the partridges francolinus francolinus asiae (2n = 70) and f. pondicerianus interpositus (2n = 68) and the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica (2n = 78) was investigated. the frequency distribution of the diploid number of chromosomes was tabulated and the most frequent number was taken to be the diploid number. all species showed a bimodal karyotype and the variation in the number of chromosomes was attributed to the macrochromosomes, although twelve macrochromosomes were ... | 1995 | 7671640 |
| isolation and characterization of cdna clones for japanese quail (coturnix japonica) major histocompatibility complex (mhccoja) class i molecules. | | 1995 | 7642233 |
| organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity: a comparative study of the effects of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphite on the central nervous system of the japanese quail. | the neurotoxic effects of single oral doses of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (totp) (500 mg/kg body weight) or single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were investigated in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). oral doses of totp resulted in no detectable clinical signs while injections of tpp resulted in mild ataxia to severe paralysis depending upon the dosage level. at 24 hr postdosing, whole-brain activity of neuropathy target esterase ( ... | 1995 | 7603644 |
| triphenyl phosphite-induced neuropathy in the avian forebrain: a silver impregnation study of the visual and auditory systems of the japanese quail. | single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were made in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the extent and density of resultant central nervous system degeneration were mapped by using the fink-heimer silver impregnation method to selectively impregnate degenerating axons and terminals. in addition to resulting in degeneration in the medulla and cerebellum, exposure to tpp also resulted in axonal and terminal degeneration in specific mid ... | 1995 | 7603630 |
| photoperiod affects the morphology of a sexually dimorphic nucleus within the preoptic area of male japanese quail. | changes in the gross and cellular morphology of the nucleus preopticus medianus (pomn) were measured in response to changes in photoperiod in adult male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). pomn volume and the soma size of a dorsolateral population of neurons within pomn decreased when birds were moved from long day housing conditions (16l,8d) to short day housing conditions (8l,16d), and then increased again when birds were moved back to long day conditions, presumably as a function of the chang ... | 1994 | 7697357 |
| in situ end labeling of fragmented dna in induced ovarian atresia. | apoptosis is studied in a model of induced follicular atresia in the ovary of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by in situ end labeling of dna fragments in granulosa cells using two different techniques (incorporation of labeled nucleotides by dna polymerase i or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase). the most remarkable observation related to apoptosis in this model is the predominant cytoplasmic localization of labeled dna fragments, while dna fragmentation appears to be absent from ... | 2006 | 7654330 |
| vasotocinergic innervation of sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of the male japanese quail: influence of testosterone. | the distribution of vasotocin (vt)-immunoreactive (ir) fibers was described in the preoptic and septal regions of the male quail brain. the density of vt-ir fibers was measured in the sexually dimorphic preoptic nucleus (pom) and lateral septum (sl) of adult male quail (coturnix japonica) by means of quantitative image analysis. experimental manipulations of the hormonal environment in the peripubertal period influenced this distribution. in both regions, the vt immunoreactivity was reduced or a ... | 1994 | 7820616 |
| stimulus control of copulatory behavior in sexually naive male japanese quail (coturnix japonica): effects of test context and stimulus movement. | sexually experienced male quail (coturnix japonica) are more likely to engage in copulatory behavior than sexually naive ones. these experiments suggest that sexual experience in a particular place may facilitate later copulatory responding because of increased familiarity with the contextual cues of the environment. male quail in experiment 1 did not copulate reliably with taxidermic models of females in a novel context, even though some of the subjects were allowed to copulate with female quai ... | 1994 | 7924255 |
| combined gonadal and photic influences on 2-[125i] iodomelatonin-binding level changes in some brain areas of the quail. | quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to study the binding of 2-[125i] iodomelatonin in the brain of the castrated and gonadally intact male japanese quail coturnix japonica exposed to both long- and short-day photoperiod cycles. the distribution study displayed that these conditions were responsible for a heterogeneous binding pattern as shown by elevated receptor levels being located in visual brain centers, such as the stratum opticum, nucleus pretectalis, and nucleus geniculatus lat ... | 1994 | 8064260 |
| morphometric analysis of the scleral bony ring with different numbers of ossicles in the eye of coturnix coturnix japonica. | the scleral bony ring (s.b.r.) of coturnix coturnix japonica was examined and evaluated morphometrically in its characteristic formations (scleral ossicles, overlapping sectors). the modal class 14-14, the most representative, was compared to others having minor or major numbers of ossicles with complex or simple overlaps in the left and right eyes. it was observed that the ossicles, numbered as in the literature, are ordered in a characteristic manner to form the s.b.r. the ossicle dimensions a ... | 1994 | 7978347 |
| the density of melatonin receptors is dependent upon the prevailing photoperiod in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | two groups of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were exposed to two different photoperiods (short and long days: ld 8:16 and ld 16:8, respectively), and their brains examined for the presence and distribution of melatonin receptors by means of quantitative in vitro autoradiography. animals belonging to the ld 8:16 group expressed a significantly higher melatonin receptor density in the optic tectum and nucleus triangularis, while the ld 16:8 animals had a higher density of receptors in the hype ... | 1994 | 7936394 |
| topography of sexually conditioned behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) depends on the cs-us interval. | the interval between exposure to a conditioned stimulus (cs) to male quail and access to a female (the unconditioned stimulus [us]) was varied from 0.5 to 20 min using a pavlovian delayed conditioning procedure. increasing the cs-us interval altered the spatial distribution of sexual conditioned behavior. with a short cs-us interval (1 min), conditioning resulted in the ss remaining close to the cs and increasing their locomotor behavior near the cs. with a long cs-us interval (20 min), the ss a ... | 1994 | 8189188 |
| sex difference in the neurotensin-immunoreactive cell populations of the preoptic area in quail (coturnix japonica). | the distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and fibers was analyzed by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by using an antibody directed against the c-terminal part of the molecule. immunoreactive perikarya were located almost exclusively in the medial preoptic area with small populations also being present in the nucleus paraventricularis and in the tuberal region. immunoreactive fibers were observed not only throughout the preopti ... | 1994 | 8187169 |
| molecular species analysis of glycosphingolipids from small intestine of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica by hplc/fab/ms. | neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from quail small intestine and their structures were analysed. they contained: gal beta 1-4glccer(laccer), gal alpha 1-4galcer(ga2cer), gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gb3cer), glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glccer(lc3cer), galnac beta 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gg3cer), galnac beta 1-4[galnac beta 1-3] gal beta 1-4glccer(lcgg4cer), and galnac alpha 1-3galnac beta 1-3gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer (forssman glycolipid) as well as glucosylceramide, galactosylceram ... | 1994 | 7804001 |
| blood esterase inhibition in birds as an index of organophosphorus contamination: field and laboratory studies. | : with the aim of developing a nondestructive biomarker (serum 'b' esterases) for monitoring bird populations exposed to azamethiphos s((6-chloro-2-oxooxazolo(4,5-b)pyridin-3(2h)-yl)methyl) 0,0-dimethyl phosphorothioate (9cl), parallel laboratory and field studies were performed. in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) treated with azamethiphos at 10 mg kg(-1), serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) and carboxylesterase (ce) activities were inhibited by 88% and 35%, respectively, after 24 h. ... | 1994 | 24201863 |
| developing blood vessels and associated extracellular matrix as substrates for neural crest migration in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. | japanese quail embryos were used to examine paths of neural crest cell (nc) migration in relationship to the embryonic vasculature. immunolabeling for nc, angioblasts and the extracellular matrix (ecm) glycoproteins fibronectin (fn), laminin (ln) and tenascin (tn) revealed several instances where spatiotemporal patterns of nc migration coincide with the embryonic vascular pattern and its associated ecm. an in vitro model for angiogenesis was modified to include nc, and associations with "capilla ... | 1994 | 7521199 |
| gonadal-gabaergic interaction is an important factor involved in photoperiod-induced 2-[125i] iodomelatonin binding changes in the japanese quail brain. | the type of mechanism(s) by which melatonin alone and/or through the intervention of other putative neurotransmitters is able to control circadian rhythms remains unresolved. comparison of 2-[125i]iodomelatonin binding pattern in the brain of castrated and gonadally intact japanese quail (coturnix japonica), using quantitative receptor autoradiography, displayed that the combination of the intact gonadal condition and a long-day (16l:8d) photostimulatory schedule is responsible for major binding ... | 1994 | 8082036 |
| retinal distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in two strains of quails coturnix coturnix japonica. | we have compared the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive (th-i) somata in the retina of two strains of japanese quails, one normally pigmented and one hypopigmented mutant which develops a glaucoma, three months after their hatching. th-i cells were observed among amacrine and presumptive interplexiform cells in both strains. they were distributed in areas of decreasing densities from an area centralis, located in the central upper retina to the retinal periphery. we have arbitra ... | 1994 | 7914902 |
| effects of bilateral hemispherectomy on genetically variable stimulus preferences and imprinting in quail chicks. | bilateral ablation of the telencephalon on the 1st posthatch day prevented learning from imprinting to colored stimuli in japanese quail chicks c. coturnix japonica, but it spared their artificially selected approach preferences for particular colors and patterns. post-imprinting decerebration on the 3rd posthatch day erased the imprinted memory, but did not revert the chicks' approach choices to the colors of their genetically distinct initial preferences. the genetically determined and the acq ... | 1993 | 8111622 |
| spermiogenesis and spermiation in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the ultrastructure of 12 steps of spermatid development and the process of spermiation are described for the japanese quail in order to clarify the classification proposed for determining the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (lin et al. 1990) and to assess disagreements in the literature about sperm development in birds. it was concluded that acrosomal development involves the formation of proacrosomal granules which do not contain dense granules like the mammalian acrosome. ma ... | 1993 | 8300429 |
| different expression of calpain in skeletal muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines selected for body weight. | calpain activity was determined by western blot analysis of steady-state concentrations of m-calpain (calpain requiring millimolar ca2+ for activation) and also by northern blot analysis of steady-state concentrations of mrna encoding m-calpain in three lines of quail: a random-bred control line (rr) and two lines selected for body weight, one for increased body weight (ll) and another for decreased body weight (ss). the m-calpain activities in skeletal muscle were higher in the ss line and lowe ... | 1993 | 8166622 |
| fine structure of merkel corpuscles in the lingual mucosa of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. | by electron microscopy, these corpuscles were found exclusively in the connective tissue just beneath the dorsal epithelium near the lateral margin of the tongue. each consisted of 4-8 merkel cells and flattened nerve terminals arranged alternately. the merkel cell was characterized by dense-cored granules, with a diameter ranging from 120 to 180 nm, throughout the cytoplasm. the functional significance of the avian merkel cell, i.e. a mechanoreceptor cell or a trophic cell with the axon, still ... | 1993 | 8297254 |
| divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 9. evaluation of traits associated with onset of sexual maturity. | an experiment was conducted to compare traits associated with onset of sexual maturity in japanese quail lines. lines divergently selected for high and low 4-wk bw (hw and lw), and high and low total plasma phosphorus at beginning of lay (hp and lp) were compared with a randombred line (rbc1) that served as the base population for hw, lw, hp, and lp. the hw sublines (hw-hp and hw-lp) and lp subline (lp-hw) were also compared to their respective line of origin. most of the differences observed fo ... | 1993 | 8265491 |
| melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | artificial extension of the duration of nocturnally secreted circulating melatonin with exogenous injections produces a short day effect in the reproductive status of mammals, and this paradigm has been applied to japanese quail to test the hypothesis that birds are similar to mammals in this respect. male quail reared on non-stimulatory short days (8l:16d) were switched to mildly stimulatory 12l:12d and given daily melatonin injections at dusk (10 micrograms 2 h before dusk and 10 micrograms at ... | 1993 | 8265672 |
| experimental light damage increases lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) of japanese quail was investigated in normal and light-damaged animals at 4 months and 12 months of age following a single, 18-hr light-damaging exposure (3000-3200 lx) evaluated 6 weeks postexposure. quail in a second experimental group light-damaged at 4 months of age were exposed to a second, identical light-damaging exposure at 12 months of age. rpe lipofuscin was quantitatively assessed in three ways: (1) total lipofuscin, expr ... | 1993 | 8282031 |
| the effect of water loss upon the urate, urea and ammonia content of the egg of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica. | 1. the urate, urea and ammonia content of the whole egg of the japanese quail was measured in late incubation in eggs subject to different rates of water loss. 2. high rates of water loss substantially increased egg urate content, but had little or no effect on urea or ammonia content. 3. allopurinol, an inhibitor of urate synthesis, reduced egg urate content to low levels, but produced no effect on urea content, and a small reduction in ammonia content. 4. the urea concentration of the embryo w ... | 1993 | 7902795 |
| heritabilities of growth curve parameters and age-specific expression of genetic variation under two different feeding regimes in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | this study investigated genetic variation in growth and final size in relationship to differences in heritabilities under good and poor feeding conditions. heritabilities of growth and final size were estimated for several traits under ad libitum and restricted feeding conditions. a 30% feed restriction from hatching to 44 days of age in japanese quail chicks decreased body weight and tarsus length at 44 days of age and the length of the third primary convert feather at 24 days of age relative t ... | 1993 | 8405992 |