| characterization and specificity of the linear epitope of the enterovirus 71 vp2 protein. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has emerged as a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease in the asia-pacific region over the last decade. hand, foot and mouth disease can be caused by different etiological agents from the enterovirus family, mainly ev71 and coxsackieviruses, which are genetically closely related. nevertheless, infection with ev71 may occasionally lead to high fever, neurologic complications and the emergence of a rapidly fatal syndrome of pulmonary edema associated with brai ... | 2012 | 22361222 |
| identification of a c2 subgenogroup strain of enterovirus 71 in a retrospective study in shandong province, china, from 1990 to 2010. | | 2012 | 22357503 |
| development of a transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction method for specific detection of human enterovirus 71 from clinical specimens. | a transcription-reverse transcription (rt) concerted reaction (trcr) method was developed for rapid and specific detection of ev71 from clinical specimens. this method was validated with ev71 strains from all of the known genotypes (genotypes a, b1 to b5, and c1 to c5), with detection limits of 10 to 10(3) copies, and was useful for identification of ev71 from throat swabs of patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). | 2012 | 22357494 |
| incidence rates of enterovirus 71 infections in young children during a nationwide epidemic in taiwan, 2008-09. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is causing life-threatening outbreaks in tropical asia. in taiwan and other tropical asian countries, although nationwide ev71 epidemics occur cyclically, age-specific incidence rates of ev71 infections that are critical to estimate disease burden and design vaccine trials are not clear. a nationwide ev71 epidemic occurred in 2008-09 in taiwan, which provided a unique opportunity to estimate age-specific incidence rates of ev71 infections. | 2012 | 22348156 |
| [experimental studies on infant tupaia belangeri chineses with ev71 infection]. | tupaia belangeri are small mammals with a squirrel-like appearance; they were formerly classified under the primates order despite the lack of derived features characteristic of primates. given that t. belangeri are easy to raise, cheap to maintain, and have a small body size, a high reproductive rate, and close affinity to primates, these animals would be used as an alternative to primates in biomedical research. three-month old t. belangeri chineses were infected with enterovirus 71 (ev71) via ... | 2012 | 22345002 |
| antiviral effect of geraniin on human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo. | human enterovirus 71 infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease in children under 6 years of age and has caused mortalities in large-scale outbreaks in the asia-pacific region. no effective vaccine or antiviral drugs currently exist against enterovirus 71 in the clinic. in this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of geraniin on enterovirus 71 both in vitro and in vivo. the results showed that geraniin effectively inhibited virus replication in rhabdomyosarcoma cells with an ic(50) of ... | 2012 | 22342145 |
| screening and detection of human enterovirus 71 infection by a real-time rt-pcr assay in marseille, france, 2009-2011. | enterovirus-positive samples diagnosed in marseille (january 2009 to september 2011) were screened for ev71 by real-time rt-pcr. ev71 was detected in three children below the age of 2 years with no history of overseas travel; two of these cases were associated with severe clinical presentation. viruses demonstrated genetic similarity to other european genogroup c2 strains. strain mrs/09/3663 complete sequencing revealed 97.6% identity across the entire genome with a 2008 singapore isolate, witho ... | 2012 | 22332991 |
| major vault protein: a virus-induced host factor against viral replication through the induction of type-i interferon. | major vault protein (mvp) is the major constituent of vaults and is involved in multidrug resistance, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and cell signaling. however, little is known about the role of mvp during viral infections. in this study, high levels of mvp were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sera, and liver tissue from patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) relative to healthy individuals. hcv infections resulted in elevated levels of mvp messenger rna (mrna) and protein ex ... | 2012 | 22318991 |
| genetic analysis of the p1 region of human enterovirus 71 strains and expression of the 55 f strainvp1 protein. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a member of the entero-virus genus of the picornaviridae family and is the major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in children. different strains from gansu were cloned and the p1 protein was sequenced and analysed. results indicate that there are three kinds of ev71 infections prevalent in gansu. the vp1 protein from one of these strains, 55f, was expressed. the recombinant protein was expressed with high level and reacted specifically with the ev71 patient ... | 2012 | 22270802 |
| seroepidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection prior to the 2011 season in children in shanghai. | in 2010, china experienced the largest outbreak on record of enterovirus 71 (ev71)-associated hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) with more than 1.7 million cases, 27,000 patients with severe neurological complications and 905 deaths. understanding of the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nab) against ev71 and their protective role against hfmd in children is crucial for the implementation of future therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. | 2012 | 22265829 |
| enterovirus 71 viral capsid protein linear epitopes: identification and characterization. | to characterize the human humoral immune response against enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection and map human epitopes on the viral capsid proteins. | 2012 | 22264266 |
| association of interleukin 10 and interferon gamma gene polymorphisms with enterovirus 71 encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the common causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), and is associated with several outbreaks with neurological complications including encephalitis. this study investigated the polymorphisms of interferon gamma (ifn-γ)+874 t/a and interleukin 10 (il-10)-1082 g/a in 65 chinese patients with ev71 encephalitis and 113 chinese hfmd patients without complications. the polymorphisms of ifn-γ+874 t/a and il-10-1082 g/a were determined by polymerase chain ... | 2012 | 22263663 |
| mri findings of neurological complications in hand-foot-mouth disease by enterovirus 71 infection. | to explore the imaging characterization of neurological complications associated with the enterovirus 71 (ev71) epidemics. | 2012 | 22248036 |
| enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis and japanese encephalitis can be distinguished by topographic distribution of inflammation and specific intraneuronal detection of viral antigen and rna. | to investigate if two important epidemic viral encephalitis in children, enterovirus 71 (ev71) encephalomyelitis and japanese encephalitis (je) whose clinical and pathological features may be nonspecific and overlapping, could be distinguished. | 2012 | 22236252 |
| molecular determinants of enterovirus 71 viral entry: cleft around gln-172 on vp1 protein interacts with variable region on scavenge receptor b 2. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the major pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks in young children in the asia-pacific region in recent years. human scavenger receptor class b 2 (scarb2) is the main cellular receptor for ev71 on target cells. the requirements of the ev71-scarb2 interaction have not been fully characterized, and it has not been determined whether scarb2 serves as an uncoating receptor for ev71. here we compared the efficiency of the receptor from different s ... | 2012 | 22219187 |
| kaempferol inhibits enterovirus 71 replication and internal ribosome entry site (ires) activity through fubp and hnrp proteins. | flavonoids are associated with multiple biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-enterovirus activity. an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) required for viral protein translation is a potential drug target for enterovirus 71 (ev71). regulation translation initiation requires the interaction of ires specific trans-acting host factors with viral ires element. by evaluation of 12 flavonoids against ev71 infection, we found that (a) 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, kaempferol, quercetin, he ... | 2011 | 25212137 |
| clinical characteristics and treatment of severe encephalitis associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by enterovirus 71 in china. | hand-foot-mouth disease has become a major public health issue in children in china. in the present prospective study we investigated the clinical characteristics and emergency management of children with severe encephalitis associated with npe caused by enterovirus 71. | 2010 | 25214951 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 in virus-infected mice by rna interference. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in young children. it is often associated with neurological complications and has caused high mortality levels in recent outbreaks in the asia pacific region. currently, there is no effective antiviral therapy against ev71 infections. in this study, we have evaluated and compared the efficacies of three different forms of small interfering rnas (sirnas) in inhibiting ev71 replication in a murine model. we h ... | 2007 | 28182883 |
| dynamic interaction of enterovirus 71 and dendritic cells in infected neonatal rhesus macaques. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the main pathogens responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). infection with ev71 can lead to severe clinical disease via extensive infections of either the respiratory or alimentary tracts in children. based on the previous pathological study of ev71 infections in neonatal rhesus macaques, our work using this animal model and an ev71 chimera that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp-ev71) primarily explored where ev71 localizes and prolif ... | 2017 | 28540257 |
| a novel combined vaccine based on monochimeric vlp co-displaying multiple conserved epitopes against enterovirus 71 and varicella-zoster virus. | chicken pox and hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) are two major infectious diseases that mainly affect infants and children, causing significant morbidity annually. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and enterovirus 71 (ev71), respectively, are the principal epidemic pathogens causing these two diseases. to investigate the possibility of developing a novel combined vaccine to prevent chicken pox and hfmd, we constructed three chimeric virus-like particles (vlps) (termed hbc-v/1/2, hbc-2/v/1 and hbc- ... | 2017 | 28408118 |
| establishment and transcriptomic features of an immortalized hepatic cell line of the chinese tree shrew. | the chinese tree shrew (tupaia belangeri chinesis) is a rising experimental animal and has been used for studying a variety of human diseases, such as metabolic and viral infectious diseases. | 2020 | 32880691 |
| pulmonary edema following central nervous system lesions induced by a non- mouse-adapted ev71 strain in neonatal balb/c mice. | enterovirus (ev) infection has been a serious health issue in asia-pacific region. it has been indicated that the occurrence of fatal hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases following ev71 infection is mainly attributed to pulmonary edema. however, the development of pulmonary disorders after ev71 infection remains largely unknown. to establish an ev71-infected animal model and further explore the underlying association of central nervous system (cns) invasion with pulmonary edema, we isolated ... | 2017 | 29282065 |
| enhanced neutralizing antibody response induced by inactivated enterovirus 71 in cynomolgus monkeys. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major etiological agent of various public health issues, particularly in the asia-pacific region. ev71 causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) and is associated with serious neurological disorders in young children. a formalin-inactivated ev71 candidate vaccine (kcdc-hfmdv1-ev71) based on the c4 subgenotype was previously developed and confirmed to be a potential candidate vaccine for prevention of ev71 infection in mice. in this study, an inactivated ev71 vaccine wa ... | 2018 | 30278051 |
| vp1 amino acid residue 145 of enterovirus 71 is a key residue for its receptor attachment and resistance to neutralizing antibody during cynomolgus monkey infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and sometimes causes severe or fatal neurological complications. the amino acid at vp1-145 determines the virological characteristics of ev71. viruses with glutamic acid (e) at vp1-145 (vp1-145e) are virulent in neonatal mice and transgenic mice expressing human scavenger receptor b2, whereas those with glutamine (q) or glycine (g) are not. however, the contribution of this variation to pathogenesis in humans is not full ... | 2018 | 29848582 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an experimental live combination vaccine against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 in rhesus monkeys. | enterovirus 71 (ev-a71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) are the two most common pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd). previously, we obtained one candidate live attenuated strain each for ev-a71 and cv-a16; here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a combinedlive vaccine against ev-a71 and cv-a16 generated from these two candidate strains. rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly treated with a live combinationvaccine against both ev-a71 and cv-a16 or with either vaccine a ... | 2020 | 32159429 |
| study of integrated protective immunity induced in rhesus macaques by the intradermal administration of a bivalent ev71-ca16 inactivated vaccine. | enterovirus type 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a 16 (ca16) are recognized as the major pathogens responsible for human hand-foot-mouth disease. to develop a bivalent ev71-ca16 vaccine, rhesus macaques immunized with two doses of this vaccine via the intradermal route were challenged with ev71 or ca16, and their clinical symptoms, viral shedding, neutralizing antibodies, ifn-γ-specific elispots, and tissue viral load were examined longitudinally. specific immunity against ev71 and ca16 was observe ... | 2020 | 31982260 |
| high-throughput sequencing of putative novel micrornas in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells following ev71 and ca16 infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) remain the major pathogens in hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) cases, but the mechanisms of the different pathogeneses that follow ev71 and ca16 infection remain largely unknown. | 2018 | 30404089 |
| establishment and characterization of an oral gerbil model for a non-mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 strain. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the major pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) with neurological and systemic complications worldwide, and it is mostly discovered in infants and young children. it is of great significance to establish suitable animal models of ev71 infection on research of distribution and pathogenesis of the virus. in this study, we established a successful infection of a non-mouse-adapted isolate of ev71 via oral route in 7-day-old mongolian gerbil (meriones ... | 2018 | 30030018 |
| enterovirus type 71-immunized chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin has cross antiviral activity against coxsackievirus a16 in vitro. | to exploit a cross passive immunotherapy for enterovirus-induced hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd), the cross antiviral activity of a neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) was investigated in vitro. white leghorn specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with ev71 antigens and a specific isolated immunoglobulin (igy) was prepared from the chicken egg yolk. igy was further purified and characterized by sds-page, elisa, western blotting and bidire ... | 2019 | 31258670 |
| preparation and identification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins against human enterovirus 71 for diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. | human enterovirus 71 (ev71) is one of the major pathogens that causes hand-foot-and mouth disease, and there is an urgent need for rapid diagnosis of ev71 virus infection for early antiviral treatment. the aim of this study was to prepare chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin y (igy) for the diagnosis of enterovirus type 71 infection. the antibodies were raised by intramuscular immunization of laying hens with inactivated human ev71 and isolated from the egg yolk by multiple steps of polyethylene glyc ... | 2019 | 30831098 |
| preclinical safety assessment of a combined vaccine against hepatitis a virus and enterovirus 71. | since 2007, hepatitis a (hav) vaccination has been a part of the national immunization program of china. recognizing enterovirus 71 (ev71) as the most important pathogen in severe hand, foot and mouth disease, an inactivated ev71 vaccine was successfully marketed in 2015. based on the concept of one vaccine preventing two diseases and owing to similarities in vaccine preparation and the overlap of the eligible population, a combination of the inactivated hav vaccine and inactivated ev71 vaccine ... | 2021 | 34088510 |