| [course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus after peripheral inoculation]. | | 1959 | 13650564 |
| relationships between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, amethopterin, and an amethopterin-resistent lymphocytic neoplasm in mice. | | 1959 | 13655063 |
| [significance of complement-fixing & neutralizing antibodies for the diagnosis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections]. | | 1959 | 13671973 |
| the role of immunological tolerance in neonatal infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | | 1961 | 13716108 |
| immunologic response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in lethally irradiated mice treated with bone marrow. | | 1960 | 13779228 |
| cytopathogenicity and plaque formation with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | | 1960 | 13799010 |
| parotitis, orchitis, and meningoencephalitis due to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | | 1962 | 13869918 |
| cytological changes by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the human amnion cells. | | 1961 | 13941424 |
| interference between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and the leukemia-transmitting agent of leukemia l2c in guinea pigs. | | 1963 | 13958071 |
| [studies on the experimental pathogenicity of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. iii. a directly visible inflammatory reaction in the mouse. viral edema of the hind leg]. | | 1963 | 13982379 |
| [study of the pathogenicity of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. i. skin reactivity in the rabbit]. | | 1962 | 13982380 |
| interference between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and the leukemia-transmitting agent of leukemia l2c in guinea pigs. | | 1963 | 14029922 |
| encephalitis syndrome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | | 1964 | 14072669 |
| increased susceptibility of mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus after peripheral inoculation. | | 1963 | 14081355 |
| [studies on the experimental pathogenicity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. iv. mortality level of mice following subcutaneous plantar inoculation]. | | 1963 | 14090348 |
| [studies of the experimental pathogenic capacity of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. v. distribution of the mortality of mice during local reactions]. | | 1963 | 14093786 |
| pathogenesis of rabies. | the authors have investigated the spread of fixed and street strains of rabies virus from the site of injection to the central nervous system and salivary glands in various animal species. the results indicate conclusively that rabies virus is ordinarily transmitted from the site of exposure to the central nervous system via the peripheral nerves but that other than nerve transmission may occur in young animals, in highly susceptible species or in animals whose resistance has been altered by tra ... | 1963 | 14107754 |
| [on the spread of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in west germany]. | | 1964 | 14117089 |
| [local titration of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. i. position of the problem. methods. "all or nothing" treatment]. | | 1964 | 14141563 |
| [studies on the experimental pathogenic power of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. vi. mortality of mice according to method of inoculation and dose]. | | 1964 | 14145244 |
| [local titration of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. ii. quantitative study by the latency curve method]. | | 1964 | 14145258 |
| protection against the lethal effect of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice by neonatal thymectomy. | | 1964 | 14156324 |
| [local titration of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. iii. liaison between the duration or the extent of the local reaction and the concentration of inoculated viruses. theoretical and practical implications]. | | 1964 | 14158907 |
| [studies on the experimental pathogenic power of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. vii. allergy in local reactions in mice and conditions for demonstrating it]. | | 1964 | 14190393 |
| [lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice thymectomized shortly after birth]. | | 1964 | 14231805 |
| immunofluorescent studies of the histopathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | lcm virus antigen was visualized in infected tissue cultures and mouse tissues by the direct immunofluorescent procedure. in all instances, antigen was localized to the cytoplasm. in intracerebrally infected mice, antigen was almost completely restricted to meninges, choroid plexus, and ependyma; at no time were neurons involved. mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of a viscerotropic strain demonstrated antigen chiefly in liver parenchyma, splenic reticulum, bronchi, and alveolar cells. ... | 1964 | 14247723 |
| the growth, reproduction and mortality of mice made immunologically tolerant to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by congenital infection. | | 1965 | 14269251 |
| inability of nucleic acid analogues to inhibit the synthesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | | 1965 | 14295437 |
| biophysical and biochemical characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. 1. density gradient studies. | | 1965 | 14295438 |
| biophysical and biochemical characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. 2. partial purification by differential centrifugation and fluorocarbon techniques. | | 1965 | 14295439 |
| in vivo antiviral activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. | a prolongation in the lives of swiss mice inoculated intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm) was observed after treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (bcnu). a variety of treatment schedules, including therapy once or twice daily up to 17 days and single treatments at various times after virus inoculation, were employed. virus titers ranging to greater than 10(4) were detected in the blood and brains of surviving drug-treated animals. in three comparative stud ... | 1965 | 14339266 |
| the foot pad reaction of mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. | | 1962 | 14449211 |
| orchitis, parotitis and meningoencephalitis due to lymphocytic-choriomeningitis virus. | | 1961 | 14464883 |
| [antagonism between the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and rickettsia prowazekii. preliminary note]. | | 1962 | 14491345 |
| cross-priming of cd8+ t cells stimulated by virus-induced type i interferon. | cd8+ t cell responses can be generated against antigens that are not expressed directly within antigen-presenting cells (apcs), through a process known as cross-priming. to initiate cross-priming, apcs must both capture extracellular antigen and receive specific activation signals. we have investigated the nature of apc activation signals associated with virus infection that stimulate cross-priming. we show that infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induces cross-priming by a mechani ... | 2003 | 14502286 |
| specific history of heterologous virus infections determines anti-viral immunity and immunopathology in the lung. | having previously shown that previous immunity to one virus can influence the host response to a subsequent unrelated virus, we questioned whether the outcome to a given virus infection would be altered in similar or different ways by previous immunity to different viruses, and whether immunity to a given virus would have similar effects on all subsequent infections. in mouse models of respiratory viral infections, immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mc ... | 2003 | 14507643 |
| type i interferons promote cross-priming: more functions for old cytokines. | | 2003 | 14515123 |
| myeloid marker expression on antiviral cd8+ t cells following an acute virus infection. | cd11b, cd11c, and f4/80 are normally used to define dendritic cell and/or macrophage populations. in this study, the expression of all three markers was observed on cd8(+) t cells following infection of mice with several distinct viruses. using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus as a model virus, it was found that relatively more cd11b(+)cd8(+) and cd11c(+)cd8(+) t cells were present in the periphery than in primary lymphoid organs; in contrast, the f4/80(+)cd8(+) t cell population was more prev ... | 2003 | 14515257 |
| mechanisms for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein cleavage, transport, and incorporation into virions. | the glycoprotein (gp) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) serves as virus attachment protein to its receptor on host cells and is a key determinant for cell tropism, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of the virus. the gp of lcmv is posttranslationally cleaved by the subtilase ski-1/s1p into two subunits, the peripheral gp1, which is implicated in receptor binding, and the transmembrane gp2 that is structurally similar to the fusion active membrane proximal portions of the glycoproteins of ... | 2003 | 14517070 |
| different dynamics of cd4+ and cd8+ t cell responses during and after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | we fit a mathematical model to data characterizing the primary cellular immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. the data enumerate the specific cd8(+) t cell response to six mhc class i-restricted epitopes and the specific cd4(+) t cell responses to two mhc class ii-restricted epitopes. the peak of the response occurs around day 8 for cd8(+) t cells and around day 9 for cd4(+) t cells. by fitting a model to the data, we characterize the kinetic differences between cd4(+) and cd8(+ ... | 2003 | 14530309 |
| selective depletion of nonspecific t cells during the early stage of immune responses to infection. | transient t cell depletion occurs before the development of an effective immune response to infection. in this study we show that most t cells, regardless of specificity, are induced to express early activation markers soon after infection with listeria monocytogenes or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. ag-specific t cells are further activated to display late activation markers and undergo extensive proliferation. as ag-specific t cells begin to expand, nonspecific t cells are depleted en mas ... | 2003 | 14530360 |
| the small ring finger protein z drives arenavirus budding: implications for antiviral strategies. | by using a reverse genetics system that is based on the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), we have identified the arenavirus small ring finger z protein as the main driving force of virus budding. both lcmv and lassa fever virus (lfv) z proteins exhibited self-budding activity, and both substituted efficiently for the late domain that is present in the gag protein of rous sarcoma virus. lcmv and lfv z proteins contain proline-rich motifs that are characteristic of l ... | 2003 | 14563923 |
| interplay between tcr affinity and necessity of coreceptor ligation: high-affinity peptide-mhc/tcr interaction overcomes lack of cd8 engagement. | cd8 engagement is believed to be a critical event in the activation of naive t cells. in this communication, we address the effects of peptide-mhc (pmhc)/tcr affinity on the necessity of cd8 engagement in t cell activation of primary naive cells. using two peptides with different measured avidities for the same pmhc-tcr complex, we compared biochemical affinity of pmhc/tcr and the cell surface binding avidity of pmhc/tcr with and without cd8 engagement. we compared early signaling events and lat ... | 2003 | 14568922 |
| deficient cd4+ t cell priming and regression of cd8+ t cell functionality in virus-infected mice lacking a normal b cell compartment. | in this study, we investigate the state of t cell-mediated immunity in b cell-deficient (b(-/-)) mice infected with two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus known to differ markedly in their capacity to persist. in b(-/-) c57bl mice infected with the more persisting virus, virus-specific cd8(+) t cells are initially generated that are qualitatively similar to those in wild-type mice. however, although cell numbers are well sustained over time, the capacity to produce cytokines is rapidl ... | 2003 | 14568949 |
| antiviral immune responses in gene-targeted mice expressing the immunoglobulin heavy chain of virus-neutralizing antibodies. | two gene-targeted immunoglobulin heavy chain transgenic mouse strains, tgh(kl25) and tgh(vi10), expressing neutralizing specificities for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, respectively, have been generated. three days after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, tgh(kl25) mice showed a thymus-independent neutralizing igm response followed by thymus-dependent (td) igg. in contrast, wt mice mounted only a td igg response around day 80. these observations ind ... | 2003 | 14569006 |
| the role of stat1 in viral sensitization to lps. | the phenomenon of endotoxin sensitization by virus infection is well documented but not yet well understood. infection by virtually any viral agent will quickly induce expression of type i interferons (ifn-alpha/beta), and type ii ifn-gamma production will follow as nk cells and t cells are activated. it has been well established that type ii ifn pretreatment can intensify the effects of endotoxin. we have recently demonstrated that type i ifn induction by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm ... | 2003 | 14577848 |
| correction of bleeding diathesis without liver toxicity using arenaviral-pseudotyped hiv-1-based vectors in hemophilia a mice. | hemophilia a is an inheritable x-linked bleeding disorder most frequently occurring as a consequence of genetic alterations within the factor viii (fviii) gene. in the present study, pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-derived lentivectors expressing hfviii were assessed for the ability to correct the hemophilia a phenotype in fviii knockout mice. therapeutic levels of plasma hfviii (1-7 ng/ml) were detected in c57b1/6 mice (4-5 weeks old) after portal vein administration of ... | 2003 | 14577928 |
| role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha in t-cell-mediated immunity to viral infection. | the immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice lacking macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha) was evaluated. generation of virus-specific effector t cells is unimpaired in mip-1alpha-deficient mice. furthermore, mip-1alpha is not required for t-cell-mediated virus control or virus-induced t-cell-dependent inflammation. thus, mip-1alpha is not mandatory for t-cell-mediated antiviral immunity. | 2003 | 14581577 |
| changing immunodominance patterns in antiviral cd8 t-cell responses after loss of epitope presentation or chronic antigenic stimulation. | the h-2(b)-restricted cd8 t-cell response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is directed against at least 10 dominant and subdominant epitopes, including two newly identified epitopes in the nucleoprotein. we have used this set of epitopes to characterize the plasticity of the hierarchy under different experimental circumstances, i.e., loss of mhc class i molecules, loss of specific epitopes (ctl escape), and prolonged antigenic stimulation (chronic infection). we found that loss of epit ... | 2003 | 14592762 |
| control of effector cd8+ t cell function by the transcription factor eomesodermin. | activated cd8+ t cells play a critical role in host defense against viruses, intracellular microbes, and tumors. it is not clear if a key regulatory transcription factor unites the effector functions of cd8+ t cells. we now show that eomesodermin (eomes), a paralogue of t-bet, is induced in effector cd8+ t cells in vitro and in vivo. ectopic expression of eomes was sufficient to invoke attributes of effector cd8+ t cells, including interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), perforin, and granzyme b. loss-of- ... | 2003 | 14605368 |
| immunodominance of an antiviral cytotoxic t cell response is shaped by the kinetics of viral protein expression. | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection induces a protective ctl response consisting of gp- and nucleoprotein (np)-specific ctl. we find that a small load of lcmv led to immunodominance of np-ctl, whereas a large viral load resulted in dominance of gp-ctl. this is the first study describing that immunodominance is not fixed after infection with a given pathogen, but varies with the viral load instead. we assumed higher ag sensitivity for np-ctl, which would explain their preferential ... | 2003 | 14607945 |
| regulation of viral and autoimmune responses. | we have studied the induction and effector function of th2-like regulatory cells in mouse models for type 1 diabetes (nod and rip-lcmv). cd4+ lymphocytes with specificity for insulin can be induced by immunization with the insulin b chain via the oral route or by dna vaccination. such cells are protective upon adoptive transfer and prevent diabetes development in syngeneic pre-diabetic recipients. in comparison to non-regulatory insulin b-specific cell lines, they produce high amounts of interle ... | 2003 | 14609223 |
| selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector cd8 t cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells. | a major unanswered question is what distinguishes the majority of activated cd8 t cells that die after an acute viral infection from the small fraction (5-10%) that survive to become long-lived memory cells. in this study we show that increased expression of the interleukin 7 receptor alpha-chain (il-7ralpha) identifies the effector cd8 t cells that will differentiate into memory cells. il-7r(hi) effector cells contained increased amounts of antiapoptotic molecules, and adoptive transfer of il-7 ... | 2003 | 14625547 |
| efficient induction of cd8 t-associated immune protection by vaccination with mrna transfected dendritic cells. | dendritic cells are excellent targets for antigen-specific immune intervention. here we attempted to introduce a cd8 t cell-dependent epitope into dendritic cells for presentation on major histocompatibility complex class i and induction of immunity. murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells were subjected to electroporation with mrna transcribed in vitro from a plasmid encoding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein or enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of a t7 promo ... | 2003 | 14632191 |
| activation of antigen-specific cd8 t cells results in minimal killing of bystander bacteria. | memory cd8 t cells play a critical role in protective immunity against intracellular pathogens. in addition to their ability to specifically recognize and lyse infected targets, activated cd8 t cells secrete cytokines that induce phagocytic cells to engulf and kill bacterial pathogens. in this study, we asked whether activation of ag-specific cd8 t cells results in nonspecific killing of bystander bacteria during a mixed infection. mice with epitope-specific memory cd8 t cells were coinfected wi ... | 2003 | 14634115 |
| turning immunological memory into amnesia by depletion of dividing t cells. | immunological memory, defined as more efficient immune responses on antigen reexposure, can last for decades. the current paradigm is that memory is maintained by antigen-experienced "memory t cells" that can be long-lived quiescent or dividing. the contribution of t cell division to memory maintenance is poorly known and has important clinical implications. in this study, we directly addressed the role of dividing t cells in immunological memory maintenance by evaluating the consequences of the ... | 2003 | 14634206 |
| on the role of apc-activation for in vitro versus in vivo t cell priming. | professional antigen-presenting cells take up antigens for processing and presentation in association with mhc class i and ii molecules. when apcs receive the right stimuli, they undergo a maturation process and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to trigger t cell activation. in this study, we compared side-by-side in vivo and in vitro activation of t cells. transgenic cd8(+) t cells specific for the p33 epitope, derived from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein, were labeled wi ... | 2003 | 14643299 |
| alpha-dystroglycan can mediate arenavirus infection in the absence of beta-dystroglycan. | dystroglycan (dg) is a highly versatile cell surface molecule that provides a molecular link between the extracellular matrix (ecm) and the actin-based cytoskeleton. encoded by a single gene, dg is posttranslationally processed to form alpha-dg, a peripheral protein identified as the cellular receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) and lassa fever virus (lfv), and the membrane-spanning subunit beta-dg. the link of beta-dg to the actin-based cytoskeleton and its association with th ... | 2003 | 14644604 |
| specific cytotoxic t cells eliminate cells producing neutralizing antibodies. | | 2003 | 14647387 |
| targeting schwann cells by nonlytic arenaviral infection selectively inhibits myelination. | members of the arenavirus family, famous for their hemorrhagic syndromes, cause distinct neurological disorders; however, cellular and molecular targets as well as pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system disorders associated with these viruses are unknown. using noncytolytic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the prototype arenavirus, and pseudotyped lassa fever virus, we showed that the schwann cells, but not the neurons, were preferentially targeted and harbored the virus. this permissivene ... | 2003 | 14657400 |
| cutting edge: stimulation with the cognate self-antigen induces expression of the ly49a receptor on self-reactive t cells which modulates their responsiveness. | nk cell self-tolerance is maintained by inhibitory receptors specific for mhc class i molecules. inhibitory nk receptors are also expressed on memory cd8 t cells but their biological relevance on t cells is unclear. in this study, we describe the expression of the ly49a receptor on a subset of autoreactive t cells which persist in mice double-transgenic for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-derived peptide gp33 and a tcralphabeta specific for the gp33. no ly49a-expressing cells are found in ... | 2003 | 14662829 |
| among cxcr3 chemokines, ifn-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kda (cxc chemokine ligand (cxcl) 10) but not monokine induced by ifn-gamma (cxcl9) imprints a pattern for the subsequent development of autoimmune disease. | infection of the pancreas with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus results in rapid and differential expression among cxcr3 chemokines. ifn-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kda (ip-10), in contrast with monokine induced by ifn-gamma and ifn-inducible t cell-alpha chemoattractant, is strongly expressed within 24 h postinfection. blocking of ip-10, but not monokine induced by ifn-gamma, aborts severity of ag-specific injury of pancreatic beta cells and abrogates type 1 diabetes. mechanistically, ip-10 ... | 2003 | 14662890 |
| antigen-driven effector cd8 t cell function regulated by t-bet. | type 1 immunity relies on the differentiation of two major subsets of t lymphocytes, the cd4+ t helper (th) cell and the cd8+ cytotoxic t cell, that direct inflammatory and cytotoxic responses essential for the destruction of intracellular and extracellular pathogens. in contrast to cd4 cells, little is known about transcription factors that control the transition from the cd8 naïve to effector cell stage. here, we report that the transcription factor t-bet, known to regulate th cell differentia ... | 2003 | 14673093 |
| an essential role of th1 responses and interferon gamma in infection-mediated suppression of neoplastic growth. | we had previously demonstrated that in mice acute toxoplasmosis leads to systemic inhibition of angiogenesis and, consequently, strong suppression of neoplastic growth. here we investigated the role of th1 cytokines, in particular interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), in this phenomenon. besides toxoplasma, neoplastic growth was readily blocked during acute infection with other th1 response-inducing pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). in contrast, chro ... | 2003 | 14688478 |
| your diagnosis, please. neonate with hydrocephalus. | | 2003 | 14700046 |
| cure of prediabetic mice by viral infections involves lymphocyte recruitment along an ip-10 gradient. | viruses can cause but can also prevent autoimmune disease. this dualism has certainly hampered attempts to establish a causal relationship between viral infections and type 1 diabetes (t1d). to develop a better mechanistic understanding of how viruses can influence the development of autoimmune disease, we exposed prediabetic mice to various viral infections. we used the well-established nod and transgenic rip-lcmv models of autoimmune diabetes. in both cases, infection with the lymphocytic chor ... | 2004 | 14702111 |
| effects of an epitope-specific cd8+ t-cell response on murine coronavirus central nervous system disease: protection from virus replication and antigen spread and selection of epitope escape mutants. | both cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells are required for clearance of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) during acute infection. we investigated the effects of an epitope-specific cd8(+) t-cell response on acute infection of mhv, strain a59, in the murine cns. mice with cd8(+) t cells specific for gp33-41 (an h-2d(b)-restricted cd8(+) t-cell epitope derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis glycoprotein) were infected with a recombinant mhv-a59, also expressing gp33-41, as a fusion protei ... | 2004 | 14722270 |
| pathogens of house mice on arid boullanger island and subantarctic macquarie island, australia. | studies on island populations of house mice (mus domesticus) and their viruses reveal insights into viral persistence in isolated communities. we surveyed the ectoparasites, endoparasites, and antiviral antibodies for 11 murine viruses and two bacteria of house mice inhabiting two islands off australia. house mice on boullanger island were seropositive to two viruses, murine cytomegalovirus and epizootic diarrhea of infant mice. on subantarctic macquarie island, house mice were seropositive for ... | 2003 | 14733270 |
| effect of chronic viral infection on epitope selection, cytokine production, and surface phenotype of cd8 t cells and the role of ifn-gamma receptor in immune regulation. | regulation of cd8 t cell responses in chronic viral infections is not well understood. in this study, we have compared the cd8 t cell responses to immunodominant and subdominant epitopes during an acute and a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection in mice. the epitope hierarchy of the primary cd8 t cell response was similar in acute and chronic lcmv infections. however, strikingly, the epitope hierarchy of the primary cd8 t cell response was conserved in the t cell memory on ... | 2004 | 14734726 |
| ifn-gamma promotes fas ligand- and perforin-mediated liver cell destruction by cytotoxic cd8 t cells. | to study liver cell damage by ctl, cd8 t cells from p14 tcr transgenic (tg) mice specific for the gp33 epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with either deficiency in ifn-gamma (p14.ifn-gamma(null)), functional fas ligand (p14.gld), or perforin (p14.pko) were transferred into h8 tg mice ubiquitously expressing gp33 ag. treatment of h8 recipient mice with agonistic anti-cd40 abs induced vigorous expansion of the transferred p14 t cells and led to liver cell destruction determined by incre ... | 2004 | 14734739 |
| nonmethylated cg motifs packaged into virus-like particles induce protective cytotoxic t cell responses in the absence of systemic side effects. | dna rich in nonmethylated cg motifs (cpgs) greatly facilitates induction of immune responses against coadministered ags. cpgs are therefore among the most promising adjuvants known to date. nevertheless, cpgs are characterized by two drawbacks. they have unfavorable pharmacokinetics and may exhibit systemic side effects, including splenomegaly. we show in this study that packaging cpgs into virus-like particles (vlps) derived from the hepatitis b core ag or the bacteriophage qbeta is a simple an ... | 2004 | 14734761 |
| plasticity of t cell memory responses to viruses. | virus-specific memory t cell populations demonstrate plasticity in antigenic and functional phenotype, in recognition of antigen, and in their ability to accommodate new memory t cell populations. the adaptability of complex antigen-specific t cell repertoires allows the host to respond to a diverse array of pathogens and accommodate memory pools to many pathogens in a finite immune system. this is in part accounted for by crossreactive memory t cells, which can be employed in immune responses a ... | 2004 | 14738760 |
| transduction patterns of pseudotyped lentiviral vectors in the nervous system. | we have developed a non-primate-based lentiviral vector based on the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) for efficient gene transfer to the central and peripheral nervous systems. previously we have demonstrated that pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the rabies virus glycoprotein confers retrograde axonal transport to these vectors. in the present study we have successfully produced high-titer eiav vectors pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins from rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus ( ... | 2004 | 14741783 |
| mucosal arenavirus infection of primates can protect them from lethal hemorrhagic fever. | arenaviruses are transmitted from rodents to human beings by blood or mucosal exposure. the most devastating arenavirus in terms of human disease is lassa fever virus, causing up to 300,000 annual infections in west africa. we used a model for lassa fever in which rhesus macaques were infected with a related virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). our goals were to determine the outcome of infection after mucosal inoculation and later lethal challenge, to characterize protective immune ... | 2004 | 14748066 |
| commentary: t cells get by with a little help from their friends. | in animal models, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) may be controlled after acute infection or may establish various levels of persistence. cytotoxic responses mediated by cd8(+) t cells are responsible for both initial control of lcmv and for immunopathology. as discussed in this article, there is emerging evidence that the levels of antigen to which the immune system is exposed over time are important in controlling cd8(+) t cell activation, memory responses and exhaustion, and that th ... | 2004 | 14768035 |
| maintenance of memory ctl responses by t helper cells and cd40-cd40 ligand: antibodies provide the key. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are essential for control of primary infections by many pathogens and in particular by non-cytopathic viruses. it has been proposed that long-term maintenance of ctl memory and control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is dependent upon the presence of t helper cells and interaction of antigen-presenting cells and ctl via cd40 and its ligand cd40l. however, we demonstrate here that cd40-cd40l interaction maintains ctl memory by induction of virus-specific ... | 2004 | 14768036 |
| [properties of two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus isolated in 1948]. | | 1950 | 14772351 |
| [lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (armstrong) diseases in hungary]. | | 1950 | 14782999 |
| [etiologic and epidemic significance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in hungary]. | | 1950 | 14827542 |
| lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from gray mice trapped in a rural area. | | 1951 | 14840007 |
| response of infant and adult mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | | 1951 | 14891982 |
| [comparative study of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: human (w.e. armstrong) and animal (guinea pig pneumopathy)]. | | 1951 | 14916244 |
| underwhelming the immune response: effect of slow virus growth on cd8+-t-lymphocyte responses. | the speed of virus replication has typically been seen as an advantage for a virus in overcoming the ability of the immune system to control its population growth. under some circumstances, the converse may also be true: more slowly replicating viruses may evoke weaker cellular immune responses and therefore enhance their likelihood of persistence. using the model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection in mice, we provide evidence that slowly replicating strains induce weaker cyt ... | 2004 | 14963121 |
| expansion of protective cd8+ t-cell responses driven by recombinant cytomegaloviruses. | cd8(+) t cells are critical for the control of many persistent viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis c virus, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus (cmv). in most infections, large cd8(+)-t-cell populations are induced early but then contract and are maintained thereafter at lower levels. in contrast, cd8(+) t cells specific for murine cmv (mcmv) have been shown to gradually accumulate after resolution of primary infection. this unique behavior is restricted to cert ... | 2004 | 14963122 |
| transduction of human islets with pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. | type i diabetes is caused by an autoimmune-mediated elimination of insulin-secreting pancreatic islets. genetic modification of islets offers a powerful molecular tool for improving our understanding of islet biology. moreover, efficient genetic engineering of islets could allow for evaluation of new strategies aimed at preventing islet destruction. the present study evaluated the ability of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-based lentiviral vector pseudotyped with various viral envelopes to ... | 2004 | 14975193 |
| cd4 t cell-dependent cd8 t cell maturation. | we have investigated the contribution of cd4 t cells to the optimal priming of functionally robust memory cd8 t cell subsets. intranasal infection of cd4 t cell-deficient (cd4(-/-)) mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus resulted in the elaboration of virus-specific cd8 t cell responses that cleared the infection. however, by comparison with normal mice, the virus-specific cd8 t cells in cd4(-/-) mice were quantitatively and qualitatively different. in normal mice, lymphocytic choriomening ... | 2004 | 14978084 |
| comprehensive early and lasting loss of memory cd8 t cells and functional memory during acute and persistent viral infections. | viral infections have been shown to induce lymphopenias that lower memory cd8 t cell frequencies, and they also have been shown to cause a permanent loss of memory cells specific to previously encountered pathogens. in this study, the patterns and significance of virus-induced memory cd8 t cell depletion were examined in mice immune to heterologous (pichinde, vesicular stomatitis, vaccinia) viruses and subsequently challenged with acute or persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections ... | 2004 | 14978120 |
| very diverse cd8 t cell clonotypic responses after virus infections. | we measured cd8 t cell clonotypic diversity to three epitopes recognized in c57bl/6 mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus, strain jhm, or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. we isolated epitope-specific t cells with an ifn-gamma capture assay or mhc class i/peptide tetramers and identified different clonotypes by vbeta chain sequence analysis. in agreement with our previous results, the number of different clonotypes responding to all three epitopes fit a log-series distribution. from these d ... | 2004 | 14978121 |
| virally induced inflammation triggers fratricide of fas-ligand-expressing beta-cells. | tissue-specific expression of fas-ligand (fas-l) can provide immune privilege by inducing apoptosis of "invading" lymphocytes expressing fas. however, accelerated diabetes has been reported in transgenic mice expressing fas-l in islets (rip-fas-l) as a result of fas-dependent fratricide of beta-cells after transfer of diabetogenic clones. here we studied whether fas-l could protect islets from autoaggressive cd8 lymphocytes in a transgenic model of virally induced diabetes (rip-lcmv-np transgeni ... | 2004 | 14988242 |
| cells expressing the ring finger z protein are resistant to arenavirus infection. | arenaviruses include lassa fever virus (lfv) and the south american hemorrhagic fever viruses. these viruses cause severe human disease, and they pose a threat as agents of bioterrorism. arenaviruses are enveloped viruses with a bisegmented negative-strand rna genome whose proteomic capability is limited to four polypeptides: nucleoprotein (np); surface glycoprotein (gp), which is proteolytically processed into gp1 and gp2; polymerase (l); and a small (11-kda) ring finger protein (z). our invest ... | 2004 | 14990716 |
| inhibition of different lassa virus strains by alpha and gamma interferons and comparison with a less pathogenic arenavirus. | the high pathogenicity of lassa virus is assumed to involve resistance to the effects of interferon (ifn). we have analyzed the effects of alpha ifn (ifn-alpha), ifn-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) on replication of lassa virus compared to the related, but less pathogenic, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). three low-passage lassa virus strains (av, nl, and csf), isolated from humans with mild to fulminant lassa fever, were tested. lassa virus replication was inhibited ... | 2004 | 14990737 |
| viral immunosuppression: disabling the guards. | when facing an immune response, viruses can either attempt to elude them or confront them. a new report demonstrates that a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) strain can suppress immune responses by targeting both development and activation of dcs. ironically, type i ifn released in response to lcmv infection contributes to the blockade of dc development. the discovery of these immunosuppressive mechanisms provides new perspectives for the therapy of chronic infections associated with imm ... | 2004 | 14991061 |
| viral targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of dc maturation as a dual strategy for immune subversion. | dcs play a pivotal role in bringing forth innate and adaptive immune responses. viruses can specifically target dcs, rendering them ineffective in stimulating t cells, which can ultimately lead to immunosuppression. in the present study we have identified several potential mechanisms by which lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) induces immunosuppression in its natural murine host. the immunosuppressive lcmv variant clone 13 (cl 13) infects dcs and interferes with their maturation and antig ... | 2004 | 14991072 |
| influence of flanking sequences on presentation efficiency of a cd8+ cytotoxic t-cell epitope delivered by parvovirus-like particles. | we have previously developed an antigen-delivery system based on hybrid recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles (ppv-vlps) formed by the self-assembly of the vp2 protein of ppv carrying a foreign epitope at its n terminus. in this study, different constructs were made containing a cd8(+) t-cell epitope of chicken ovalbumin (ova) to analyse the influence of the sequence inserted into vp2 on the correct processing of vlps by antigen-presenting cells. we analysed the presentation of the ova e ... | 2004 | 14993639 |
| cutting edge: long-lived cd8 memory and protective immunity in the absence of cd40 expression on cd8 t cells. | cd8 t cells need cd4 t cells to develop into long-lived, functional memory cells that provide protection against pathogen rechallenge. we investigated whether signaling via cd40 expressed on the cd8 cells themselves is involved in this cooperation. in murine responses to listeria monocytogenes and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, we found no evidence of any requirement for cd40-cd40 ligand interaction at this level. no differences were observed between cd40(-/-) and cd40(+/+) cd8 t cells that ... | 2004 | 15004136 |
| cd1d1-dependent control of the magnitude of an acute antiviral immune response. | cd1d1-restricted nk t (nkt) cells rapidly secrete both th1 and th2 cytokines upon activation and are therefore thought to play a regulatory role during an immune response. in this study we examined the role of cd1d1 molecules and nkt cells in regulating virus-induced cytokine production. cd1d1-deficient (cd1ko) mice, which lack nkt cells, were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and spontaneous cytokine release from splenocytes was measured. we found that cd1ko mice produce signifi ... | 2004 | 15004145 |
| differential tissue-specific regulation of antiviral cd8+ t-cell immune responses during chronic viral infection. | the hallmarks of the immune response to viral infections are the expansion of antigen-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) after they encounter antigen-presenting cells in the lymphoid tissues and their subsequent redistribution to nonlymphoid tissues to deal with the pathogen. control mechanisms exist within ctl activation pathways to prevent inappropriate ctl responses against disseminating infections with a broad distribution of pathogen in host tissues. this is demonstrated during ... | 2004 | 15016881 |
| old and new world arenaviruses share a highly conserved epitope in the fusion domain of the glycoprotein 2, which is recognized by lassa virus-specific human cd4+ t-cell clones. | data from human studies and animal experiments indicate a dominant role of t-cells over antibodies in controlling acute lassa virus infection and providing immunity to reinfection. knowledge of the epitopes recognized by t-cells may therefore be crucial to the development of a recombinant lassa virus vaccine. in order to study human t-cell reactivity to the most conserved structural protein of lassa virus, the glycoprotein 2 (gp2), seven gp2-specific cd4+ t-cell clones (tccs) were generated from ... | 2004 | 15033572 |
| virus-induced activation of self-specific tcr alpha beta cd8 alpha alpha intraepithelial lymphocytes does not abolish their self-tolerance in the intestine. | tcralphabeta cd8alphaalpha intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) represent an enigmatic subset of t cells, particularly, in regard to their potential functions and the apparent persistence of cells expressing self-specific tcr. we have used mice that are transgenic for the tcralphabeta specific for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-derived peptide gp33, and tcralphabeta-transgenic mice that coexpress the gp33 ag ubiquitously, to analyze the functional properties of tcralphabet ... | 2004 | 15034030 |
| maintenance, loss, and resurgence of t cell responses during acute, protracted, and chronic viral infections. | the acute phase of many viral infections is associated with the induction of a pronounced cd8 t cell response which plays a principle role in clearing the infection. by contrast, certain infections are not as readily controlled. in this study, we have used the well-defined system of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection of mice to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in virus-specific cd8 t cell responses that rapidly resolve acute infections, more slowly control protract ... | 2004 | 15034033 |