| a case of simultaneous bilateral herpetic epithelial keratitis. | the patient, a 56-year-old man, presented with dendritic keratitis in the right eye and geographic keratitis in the left, with decreased corneal sensation in both eyes. the virus isolated from both eyes was identified as herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) by the indirect immunofluorescent method using anti-hsv-1 monoclonal antibody. antibody tests of paired sera suggested that the epithelial lesions were not primary but recurrent. no significant difference was observed in dna cleavage patterns between ... | 1989 | 2543856 |
| characterization of encephalitis in adult mice induced by intracerebral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (kos) and comparison with mutants showing decreased virulence. | the spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos, and two less neurovirulent mutants of the strain was studied in female dba/2 mice during the 1- to 5-day postinoculation period after intracerebral inoculation. immunohistopathology showed that wild-type kos virus first infected the meninges and ependymal cells but did not infect cells at the inoculation sites. the virus continued to spread to some cells directly adjacent to ventricles; however, the most extensive and severe lesions w ... | 1989 | 2543866 |
| induction of cervical neoplasia in the mouse by herpes simplex virus type 2 dna. | induction of cervical neoplasia in the mouse cervix by herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) has been reported. the present study was done to determine if transfection with dna of hsv-2 can induce carcinogenesis in this animal model. genomic hsv-2 dna was isolated from infected hep-2 cells and separated from host cell dna by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. the dna was applied to mouse cervix for periods of 80-100 weeks. experimental controls were treated with uninfe ... | 1989 | 2543981 |
| lanthiopeptin, a new peptide antibiotic. production, isolation and properties of lanthiopeptin. | a strain of streptoverticillium cinnamoneum produced a peptide antibiotic named lanthiopeptin, which contained four unusual amino acids, erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, mesolanthionine, threo-beta-methyllanthionine and lysinoalanine. lanthiopeptin showed antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 kos strain infection in vero cells by cytopathic effect reduction assay. the structure of lanthiopeptin is similar to that of ancovenin. | 1989 | 2544544 |
| effect of phosphorothioate homo-oligodeoxynucleotides on herpes simplex virus type 2-induced dna polymerase. | effects of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides of different chain length and base composition on herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (strain 333)-induced dna polymerase have been examined in vitro. the anti-hsv-2 dna polymerase activity was related to the base composition of the analogs, with the order of potency: deoxycytidine greater than thymidine greater than deoxyadenosine, for compounds with equal chain length. the potency was also related to oligomer chain length, since it was observed t ... | 1989 | 2544598 |
| viral antigen stimulation of the production of human monokines capable of regulating hiv1 expression. | we have previously described model systems for cytokine-induced regulation of chronically hiv-infected promonocyte and t cell clones. using these systems, we have shown that monokines contained in supernatants from lps-stimulated human monocyte/macrophages (mo) up-regulate hiv expression, reflected by an increase in reverse transcriptase activity, viral rna levels, and expressed viral proteins. current studies were designed to determine whether viral ag can interact with mo and secondarily affec ... | 1989 | 2544645 |
| effects of acyclovir on herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice treated with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has tumorigenic properties and, if so, whether inhibition of the cytolytic replicative cycle of the virus after infection enhances tumour development. eighty mice were subjected to repeated inoculation of hsv-1 on their upper lips after scarification, and systemic administration of acyclovir (acv). 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa) was used as the tumour promoter. the tumour incidence was c ... | 1989 | 2544665 |
| expression of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a recombinant baculovirus: protective responses and t cell recognition of the recombinant-infected cell extracts. | recombinant baculoviruses expressing glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) have been generated. the proteins expressed from the recombinants have been characterized using monoclonal antibodies on western blots and by immunoprecipitation. partially glycosylated 48k polypeptides have been identified as products of the gd gene. polyclonal sera from h-2k mice infected with hsv-1 recognized the same polypeptides. furthermore, draining lymph node cells from h-2k mice infected with ... | 1989 | 2544667 |
| persistent replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in jok-1 cells. | infection of the human b cell line jok-1 with herpes simplex virus type 1 persisted over a period of more than 12 months (to date). although limited cytopathic effects were seen, viral infection did not lead to extinction of the culture. infectious centre assays, performed at various times after infection, revealed that only a small proportion of cells (1 to 10%) produced infectious virus particles. however, immunofluorescence studies showed that at any given time considerably more cells than ca ... | 1989 | 2544670 |
| shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 into saliva in patients with orofacial fracture. | shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into saliva was studied in 83 patients with orofacial fractures. infectious virus was isolated from 14 of 83 patients (16.8%) with no detectable herpetic lesion during hospitalization. of the 83 patients, 44 (53%) had hsv-1 specific antibody. virus shedding into saliva was observed only in the patients with antibody to hsv-1; thus, the frequency of virus shedding patients among those with antibody was 31% (14 of 44 patients). the frequency was obvi ... | 1989 | 2544680 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of the nucleotide analogue (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. | the acyclic nucleotide analogue (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl] cytosine (2, hpmpc) was prepared on a multigram scale in 18% overall yield starting from (r)-2,3-o-isopropylideneglycerol. the key step in the nine-step synthetic route is coupling of cytosine with the side-chain derivative 8 which bears a protected phosphonylmethyl ether group. in vitro data showed that hpmpc has good activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, although it was 10-fold less potent than acyclov ... | 1989 | 2544723 |
| variation in herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins produced in kidney cells from different species. | viral glycoproteins from herpes simplex virus, type 1 (hsv-1) infected nbl-1, vero, and bhk-21 cells were labelled with 14c-glucosamine and studied by sds-page and con-a chromatography. sds-page analysis demonstrated differences in the number and molecular weight of glycoproteins from these cells. con-a chromatography resulted in similar binding of glycoproteins from nbl-1 and vero cells of 10.5 and 18.6%, respectively, whereas bhk-21 cells showed binding of 65%. these studies indicate that hsv- ... | 1989 | 2544785 |
| kinetics of herpes simplex virus photoinhibition by haematoporphyrin in both diploid and heteroploid cells. | the kinetics of inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) on both diploid (cef) and heteroploid cells (hep2) by light-irradiated haematoporphyrin (hp) was studied. the inactivation of hsv1 by hp was drug-dose dependent and light-irradiation dependent; the viruses grown in heteroploid cells being in all cases more sensitive to inhibition than viruses grown in diploid cells. cell toxicity by hp was markedly more evident on hep2 cells than on cef. the highest viral sensitivity to photodynam ... | 1989 | 2544786 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1. a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | the authors have isolated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from the vitreous of two patients with acute retinal necrosis. clinical and laboratory data suggest that one case represented a primary hsv-1 infection, whereas the other case appeared to be a recurrent hsv-1 infection. in the primary case, changes on magnetic resonance imaging (mri) suggest spread of the virus posteriorly to both optic tracts and the lateral geniculate ganglia. this case shares many features with the "von szily" expe ... | 1989 | 2544841 |
| antiherpes activity of chemically synthesized lipid a-subunit analogue gla-60 in immunosuppressed mice. | intraperitoneal administration of 10 micrograms gla-60, a chemically synthesized lipid a analogue, to mice one day after treatment with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (cy) significantly increased the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) in the peritoneal cavity. the intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) as well as natural killer (nk) activity against yac-1 target cells was stimulated by administration of gla-6 ... | 1989 | 2545164 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein immunotherapy of recurrent genital herpes: factors influencing efficacy. | recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins b (gb) and d (gd) were used as immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes in guinea pigs. administration of a gbgd vaccine eight to 21 days after intravaginal hsv-2 inoculation significantly increased the titer of anti-hsv antibodies (p less than 0.005) while significantly reducing the frequency of subsequent herpetic recurrences (p less than 0.05). the effectiveness of gbgd immunotherapy was influenced by ... | 1989 | 2545166 |
| (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uridine requires phosphorylation by the herpes simplex virus (type 1)-induced thymidine kinase to express its antiviral activity. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uridine (bvurd), the riboside counterpart of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdurd), effected a dose-dependent inhibition of viral progeny formation and viral dna synthesis in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1, strain kos)-infected human (e6sm) diploid fibroblast cells. bvurd was directly phosphorylated in hsv-1-infected cells, presumably by the virus-encoded thymidine kinase (tk), since (i) bvurd was not phosphorylated by extracts of cells infected with a hsv-1 strai ... | 1989 | 2545207 |
| herpes simplex retinitis in the mouse. clinicopathologic correlations. | balb/c mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 in one anterior chamber develop retinitis with subsequent retinal necrosis in the contralateral eye. the clinical features of this disease were characterized with indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. three phases of the disease were delineated: (1) acute retinitis; (2) retinal necrosis; and (3) resolution; the clinical findings in each phase were correlated with the microscopic features. in addition, we compared the virus titers ... | 1989 | 2545643 |
| rapid detection of herpes simplex virus with fluorescein-labeled helix pomatia lectin. | the use of fluorescein-conjugated helix pomatia lectin was shown to be as effective as fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody reagents for the detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in mrc-5 cell culture. cells infected with hsv-1 generally displayed a pattern of nongranular or diffuse fluorescence, while cells infected with hsv-2 were identified by the production of fluorescent grains and flecks. this unique nonimmunological reagent, when u ... | 1989 | 2545739 |
| [localization of a variant of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the western japan]. | we previously reported that a variant of herpes simplex virus type 1, which we found by bg1 ii digestion of many japanese hsv-1 isolates' dna's, was isolated frequently in two regions of western japan, i.e. yamaguchi and fukuoka. in this paper, we analyzed 280 more isolates from eleven regions in japan. in four western regions of japan, i.e. osaka, shimane, yamaguchi, and fukuoka, the isolation frequency of the variant was very high, and its proportion among all the isolates from those regions w ... | 1989 | 2545798 |
| a major transcriptional regulatory protein (icp4) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with purified virions. | herpes simplex virus type 1 was purified by density gradient centrifugation, and the virion-associated proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. by western blot (immunoblot) analysis with an anti-icp4 monospecific serum, the results indicated that icp4, one of the five immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1, was associated with the purified virions. to define the location of icp4 within the virion, trypsin digestion experiments were per ... | 1989 | 2545909 |
| protein kinase activity associated with the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10). | the large subunit of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase (rr1) is demonstrated to possess serine/threonine-specific kinase activity. computer-assisted sequence analysis identified regions within the amino terminus of icp10 that are homologous to the catalytic domain of known protein kinases (pks). an in vitro kinase assay confirmed the ability of icp10, immunoprecipitated from either hsv-2-infected cells or from cells transfected with an icp10 expression vector, to a ... | 1989 | 2545912 |
| herpes simplex virus alpha protein icp27 possesses separable positive and negative regulatory activities. | the hsv-1 alpha (immediate-early) protein icp27 expressed in transfected cells can activate the expression of certain hsv-1 promoters as well as inhibit the transactivated expression of others. we constructed a set of plasmids encoding mutant icp27 molecules truncated at their carboxyl termini and used transfection assays to determine the functional properties of the mutant proteins. a polypeptide containing the amino-terminal 263 amino acid residues of icp27 retained partial ability to activate ... | 1989 | 2545913 |
| neutralizing antibodies specific for glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus permit viral attachment to cells but prevent penetration. | monoclonal antibodies specific for gh of herpes simplex virus were shown previously to neutralize viral infectivity. results presented here demonstrate that these antibodies (at least three of them) block viral penetration without inhibiting adsorption of virus to cells. penetration of herpes simplex virus is by fusion of the virion envelope with the plasma membrane of a susceptible cell. electron microscopy of thin sections of cells exposed to virus revealed that neutralized virus bound to the ... | 1989 | 2545914 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein vmw110 reactivates latent herpes simplex virus type 2 in an in vitro latency system. | reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) by the immediate-early protein vmw110 was studied by using an in vitro latency system. adenovirus recombinants that express vmw110 reactivated latent hsv-2. an hsv-1 mutant possessing a deletion in a carboxy-terminal region of vmw110 reactivated latent hsv-2, whereas mutant fxe, which has a deletion in the second exon, did not. therefore, vmw110 alone is required to reactivate latent hsv-2 in vitro, and the region of vmw110 defined by th ... | 1989 | 2545921 |
| dna nucleotide sequence analysis of the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. | the complete dna sequence coding for the immediate-early protein (ie180) of pseudorabies virus was determined. the coding region of ie180 is 4380 nucleotides for 1460 amino acid residues. g+c content of the non-coding portion of the ie gene is 70.3% while the g+c content of the coding portion is considerably higher at 80.1%. correspondingly, codons consisting mainly of gs and cs are favoured. clusters of amino acid homologies are observed among ie180 of pseudorabies virus, icp4 of herpes simplex ... | 1989 | 2546124 |
| immunogenicity of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gb-1-related protein produced in yeast. | a protein related to glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) produced in yeast (ygb-1) was purified with an immunoadsorbent. the molecular weight of the purified ygb-1 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 96,000. mice injected twice with ygb-1 adsorbed to alum developed elisa antibody to ygb-1, neutralizing antibody to hsv-1 and a lymphoproliferative response to ygb-1 and hsv-1. the immunized mice were protected against intraperitoneal and ... | 1989 | 2546329 |
| change of processing and nucleocytoplasmic transport of mrna in hsv-1-infected cells. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against the pore-complex lamina fraction from cv-1 cells was used to study alterations of gene expression in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells. this mab, which recognized only one cellular polypeptide of 60,000 da, selectively stained the nucleus in immunofluorescence microscopy, showing a punctuated pattern either at the nuclear surface or at the nuclear rim. by immunoelectron microscopy, the p60 antigen could be localized in the nuclear pore ... | 1989 | 2546333 |
| [a case of acute retinal necrosis syndrome caused by herpes simplex virus type 1]. | a case of bilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome accompanied by viral meningitis in a 46 year-old male is reported. the characteristic scattered yellowish-white retinal exudates and retinal detachment appeared in both eyes within 2 weeks, and after treatment with intravenous acyclovir and gamma-globulin, and encircling, scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, 100% sf6 tamponade procedures, the retinal detachment was repaired and the yellowish-white retinal exudates disappeared. on virologica ... | 1989 | 2546410 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection by pine cone antitumor substances. | several antitumor substances extracted from cones of various pine trees inhibited the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) strains in african green monkey kidney cells and human adenocarcinoma cells. the 50% effective dose of the most active fraction, fr. vi (0.3 micrograms/ml) was 0.001 times its 50% cytotoxic dose (greater than 300 micrograms/ml). the anti-hsv activity of various pine cone extracts increased with their acidity. identification of the polyphenol ... | 1989 | 2546481 |
| spread of herpes simplex virus type-1 (miyama +gc strain) to the central nervous system after intraperitoneal inoculation: the role of the myenteric plexus of the gut. | the pathways taken by the hsv-1 virus after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation were studied in 5-week old male c3h/hen mice injected with 1 x 10(4) pfu (100 ld50) or 5 x 10(5) pfu (5000 ld50) of hsv-1 (miyama +gc strain). at the higher dosage (5 x 10(5) pfu), hsv-1 began replicating in the adrenal from the first day, then in the gut and thoracic portion of the spinal cord by the third day, and in the brainstem by the fourth day, as shown by the titers of the virus in these organs. by immunoperox ... | 1989 | 2546519 |
| serological evidence for variation in the incidence of herpesvirus infections in different species of apes. | sera from captive lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to herpesviruses serologically related to human herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), a baboon virus (sa8), and a macaque herpesvirus (b virus). the incidence of herpesvirus antibodies varied considerably among the different species, gorillas having the highest incidence of seropositivity (65.4%) and orangutans the lowest. the virus specifi ... | 1989 | 2546978 |
| replacement of the 3'-ch group by nitrogen in the carbocyclic analogue of thymidine. | we have prepared (4r)-4-thyminyl-d-prolinol, an analogue of 3'-deoxythymidine in which the sugar has been replaced by d-prolinol. this strongly basic secondary amine has been converted to the corresponding hydroxylamine, an analogue of either thymidine or 2'-deoxyxylofuranosylthymine. we have also synthesized a number of simple derivatives of the amine for testing in vitro activity against herpes simplex 1 (hsv-1), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), and a panel of human tumor cell lines. am ... | 1989 | 2547068 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of the enantiomeric forms of carba-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and carba-(e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | both enantiomers of the carbocyclic analogues of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (14 and ent-14) and of (e)-5-(2-bromo-vinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (16 and ent-16) were synthesized by using (+)- or (-)-endo-norborn-5-en-2-yl acetate or butyrate, respectively, as starting materials. against herpes simplex virus type 1 (+)-c-bvdu (16) was only slightly less active than bvdu itself, whereas (-)-c-bvdu (ent-16) proved to be 10-400-fold less effective, depending on the strain investigated. against hsv-2 both (+)- a ... | 1989 | 2547072 |
| urocanic acid analogues and the suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity response to herpes simplex virus. | ultraviolet irradiated urocanic acid (4-imidazoleacrylic acid) containing a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers has been shown previously to induce suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in a murine model of infection. the cis-isomer of urocanic acid was prepared and the cis- and trans-isomers of 2-methylurocanic acid. 2-pyrroleacrylic acid, 2-furanacrylic acid, 2-thiopheneacrylic acid, 3-thiopheneacrylic acid as well as dihydrourocan ... | 1989 | 2547218 |
| effect of alkaloids isolated from amaryllidaceae on herpes simplex virus. | studies were carried out on the effects of amaryllidaceae alkaloids and their derivatives upon herpes simplex virus (type 1), the relationship between their structure and antiviral activity and the mechanism of this activity. all alkaloids used in these experiments were biosynthesized from n-benzylphenethylamine; the apogalanthamine group was synthesized in our laboratory; those which may eventually prove to be antiviral agents had a hexahydroindole ring with two functional hydroxyl groups. benz ... | 1989 | 2547235 |
| oral acyclovir reduces the incidence of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits after penetrating keratoplasty. | to determine if acyclovir sodium prevents postoperative herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) recurrences, 21 rabbits harboring latent hsv-1 underwent uniocular autograft penetrating keratoplasty. all operated-on eyes were treated with topical and subconjunctival dexamethasone sodium phosphate. ten of the 21 rabbits also received oral acyclovir (intravenous acyclovir was given at the time of surgery). postoperatively, 9 (82%) of 11 operated-on eyes in rabbits not treated with acyclovir had positiv ... | 1989 | 2547352 |
| characterization of the single-stranded dna-binding domain of the herpes simplex virus protein icp8. | the dna-binding protein, icp8, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is multifunctional in vivo and binds preferentially to single-stranded dna (ssdna) in vitro. to define the ssdna-binding domain of icp8, peptides were produced and analyzed. portions of the icp8 gene were cloned into the transcription vector psp64, and rna was synthesized in vitro. translation of this rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates produced peptides of 29, 35 and 30 kda, representing amino-acid residues 332-564, 571-899 an ... | 1989 | 2547435 |
| relationships among cell survival, o6-alkylguanine-dna alkyltransferase activity, and reactivation of methylated adenovirus 5 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in human melanoma cell lines. | o6-alkylguanine-dna alkyltransferase (atase) activity and host cell reactivation (hcr) of 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (mtic)-methylated viruses were compared in human melanoma cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to killing by the antitumor dna-methylating agent mtic. enhanced hcr of adenovirus 5 (defined as the mer+ phenotype) generally showed a semiquantitative correlation with the natural or induced resistance of the host cells to the toxic effects of mtic and to the ... | 1989 | 2547518 |
| smoking and infectious agents and risk of in situ cervical cancer in sydney, australia. | in a study of 116 in situ cervical cancer patients and 193 matched community controls in sydney, australia, smoking was found to be a major risk factor. current smokers had a adjusted relative risk [rr] of 4.5 compared to nonsmokers [95% confidence interval (ci) 2.2-9.1] and exsmokers a rr of 1.3 [95% ci 0.6-3.0]. there was a stepwise dose-response relationship between risk and number of cigarettes smoked (30+ cigarettes/day, rr = 5.1, 95% ci 1.5-17.3); this dose-response relationship was more m ... | 1989 | 2547521 |
| ultrastructural localization of viral dna in thin sections of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cells by in situ hybridization. | we have used in situ hybridization at the ultrastructural level to localize non-encapsidated and encapsidated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genomes in nuclei of infected rabbit fibroblasts. a biotinylated cloned subgenomic hsv dna fragment was used as hybridization probe. the probe hybridized to the viral dna accessible at the surface of lowicryl sections was revealed by immunogold labeling. non-encapsidated viral dna was detected exclusively within the virus-induced central region of 4 h ... | 1989 | 2547616 |
| herpes simplex virus type-1 strain influence on chorioretinal disease patterns following intracameral inoculation in igh-1 disparate mice. | we have previously shown that the igh-1 locus on chromosome 12 of the mouse influences contralateral disease patterns in the modified von-szily model. following intracameral injection with 1.5 x 10(4) pfu of hsv strain kos (hsv-kos), 75% of balb/cbyj (igh-1a), 30% of c.al-20 (igh-1d) and 5% of c.b-17 (igh-1b) mice develop contralateral chorioretinal necrosis. in contrast, igh-1 congenic mice do not develop contralateral chorioretinal necrosis following anterior chamber inoculation of the same do ... | 1989 | 2547732 |
| effect of dexamethasone on herpes simplex virus replication in mouse neuroblastoma cells (nb41a3): receptor characteristics. | monolayers of nb41a3 (mnb) cells were exposed to pharmacologic doses of dexamethasone (dxm). after 24-h, the cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) = 0.1. after every 24-h period, extracellular and intracellular virus aliquots were collected and frozen. the aliquots were titered in a standard plaque-forming assay. it was shown that the hormone led to a statistically significant increase of extra- and intracellular virus titers above t ... | 1989 | 2547923 |
| herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase: expression in escherichia coli and purification to homogeneity of a tyrosyl free radical-containing, enzymatically active form of the 38-kilodalton subunit. | infection of mammalian cells with herpes simplex virus (hsv) induces a virus-encoded ribonucleotide reductase which is different from the cellular enzyme. this essential viral enzyme consists of two nonidentical subunits of 140 and 38 kilodaltons (kda) which have not previously been purified to homogeneity. the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductases from other species contains a tyrosyl free radical essential for activity. we have cloned the gene for the small subunit of hsv-1 ribonucleotide ... | 1989 | 2547995 |
| identification and characterization of a human cytomegalovirus gene coding for a membrane protein that is conserved among human herpesviruses. | a rabbit antiserum was raised against envelope material from purified human cytomegalovirus strain ad169. the serum recognized polypeptides 200, 170, 160, 75, 58, and 45 kilodaltons in size. it was used to screen a cdna library constructed from poly(a)+ rna from human cytomegalovirus-infected cells in the expression vector lambda gt11. a recombinant bacteriophage expressing cytomegalovirus-specific sequences was identified, and the corresponding gene was mapped to the hindiii r fragment. the gen ... | 1989 | 2547996 |
| replacement of the pseudorabies virus glycoprotein giii gene with its postulated homolog, the glycoprotein gc gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. | giii, the major envelope glycoprotein of pseudorabies virus (prv), shares approximately 20% amino acid similarity with glycoprotein gc of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2. we describe here our first experiments on the potential conservation of function between these two genes and gene products. we constructed prv recombinants in which the giii gene and regulatory sequences have been replaced with the entire hsv-1 gc gene and its regulatory sequences. the gc promoter functions in the ... | 1989 | 2548015 |
| examination of the roles of transcription factor sp1-binding sites and an octamer motif in trans induction of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. | herpes simplex virus mutants with both sp1-binding sites in the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter inactivated or an octamer motif deleted were at most modestly impaired for tk expression. thus, no cellular transcription factor that binds upstream of the tk tata box is solely required for trans induction of this gene. | 1989 | 2548017 |
| use of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter for expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc1, a cytotoxic protein in mammalian cells. | abundant expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gc (gc1) in transfected mammalian cells has not previously been achieved, possibly because gc1 protein is toxic to cells. to approach this problem, the gc1 coding sequence was placed under the control of the weak but inducible glucocorticoid-responsive promoter from the mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) long terminal repeat (ltr). as controls to evaluate for gc1 cytotoxicity, the mmtv ltr promoter was used to express glycoprotein gd1 ... | 1989 | 2548078 |
| recovery of viral capacity in irradiated exponentially growing cells. | exponentially growing cells of the ptk-2 line (atcc no. ccl56, from the marsupial potorous tridactylus) require protein and rna synthesis in a limited period following uv-radiation damage for optimal recovery as colony formers [overberg et al. (1988) mutat. res. 194, 83-92]. overall behavior suggests the operation of damage-induced recovery processes. the capacity of confluent cell monolayers for infection with unirradiated herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) is sharply reduced by uv-irradiation. we ... | 1989 | 2548221 |
| [diffuse interstitial pneumopathy caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 in a 77-year-old patient]. | | 1989 | 2548275 |
| transcriptional activation is not responsible for increased levels of autonomously expressed simian virus 40 t-antigen in herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) superinfection of cv-1 cells weakly transactivated a plasmid-borne metallothionein 1 (mt-1) promoter, but activated the expression of a marker gene controlled by an authentic hsv-1 promoter to a high level. in contrast, cmt-3 cells, which are cv-1 cells stably transformed with the simian virus 40 (sv40) large t-antigen (t-ag) gene controlled by the mt-1 promoter, contained high levels of t-ag following hsv-1 superinfection, but only if cells were preincubated ... | 1989 | 2548337 |
| multiplication of herpes simplex virus in large granular lymphocytes that co-fractionate with human natural killer cell activity. | highly enriched preparations of human large granular lymphocytes (lgl) cells, isolated from peripheral blood of normal adult donors, showed partial intrinsic resistance to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). three subsets of lgl cells were identified on the basis of susceptibility to this virus: 1) resistant cells: 2) abortively infected cells; and 3) permissive cells. an average of 25% of lgl cells were completely resistant to infection. the majority (approximately 75%) could be ... | 1989 | 2548958 |
| a role for herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein e in induction of cell fusion. | the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) in the induction of multinucleate cell (syncytium) formation was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and a ge deletion mutant, r7023. we found that monoclonal antibodies directed against ge blocked hsv-1-induced syncytium formation in human cells. r7023 also failed to induce syncytium formation in tissue culture cells. the results indicate that ge, in addition to glycoproteins b, d, h and the gene sequence located between 0 ... | 1989 | 2549184 |
| in vitro promoter activity associated with the latency-associated transcript gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript (lat) gene is the only viral gene that shows substantial transcriptional activity during neuronal latency. the lat rna produced is antisense to the mrna of the immediate early gene icp0, partially overlaps the icp0 mrna, and is suspected of playing some role in latency. sequence analysis of the region 5' to the reported transcription start site has not revealed any high consensus rna polymerase ii promoter elements. nonetheless, lat rna is t ... | 1989 | 2549185 |
| [intranasal infection of icr mice with herpes simplex virus type 1]. | intranasal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus (hsv) provides a model of human herpetic infection through a natural route of inoculation. five-week-old male icr mice were infected intranasally with various strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and the fundamental aspects of the pathogenicity of this virus were studied. six virus strains examined showed variance in their virulence determined by lethal dose 50 (ld50) for mice. four of the strains were revealed to be virulent, a ... | 1989 | 2549226 |
| snuff tumorigenesis: effects of long-term snuff administration after initiation with 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide and herpes simplex virus type 1. | the tumor promoting effects of snuff was studied in lewis rats initiated with 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4-nqo) and sprague dawley rats repeatedly inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the test substances were administered in a surgically created canal in the lower lips of the rats. there were 15 rats in each test group and 10 rats in the control group. in the groups treated with 4-nqo and 4-nqo + snuff, 8 and 12 tumors (5 and 9 malignant) were found, respectively. in the group sub ... | 1989 | 2549235 |
| comparative analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants that are defective in fusion function by using restriction endonuclease. | mutants derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains, yh and kos, that were defective in cell fusion function (r mutants) were examined for dna structure using a restriction endonuclease and gel electrophoresis. a distinct difference in the restriction patterns was found in some r mutants. one which was derived from strain yh and belonged to complementation group a lost the bamhi cleavage site in the long inverted repeat regions. but the site could not be associated with the gene tha ... | 1989 | 2549300 |
| [detection of igg and igm antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in human serum using an immunoenzyme method (elisa) and the complement fixation reaction]. | on the basis of borderline optical density values (od) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) resulting from comparative testing of this method with complement fixation reactions (cf), determination was made of a set criteria for negative, weakly positive and positive results of igg and igm antibody detection of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv 1), respectively type 2 (hsv 2). of the 192 examined specimens by elisa, 69.2% and 49.5% igg hsv 1 and hsv 2 antibodies were found respectively. the n ... | 1989 | 2549311 |
| protection of ok-432, a streptococcus pyogenes preparation, against lethal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus. | we have studied the protective effect of ok-432, a biological response modifier (brm) of streptococcus pyogenes origin, on the lethal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1. a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of more than 10 micrograms of ok-432, when given at least two days before the infection, gave a marked effect yielding nearly 100% protection against ordinarily lethal infection. the protection was independent of the amount of infected virus inoculated. when given after ... | 1989 | 2549347 |
| cellular proteins specifically bind single- and double-stranded dna and rna from the initiation site of a transcript that crosses the origin of dna replication of herpes simplex virus 1. | the small-component origins of herpes simplex virus 1 dna synthesis are transcribed late in infection by an rna with heterogeneous initiation sites approximately 290-360 base pairs from the origins. we report that cellular proteins react with a labeled rna probe representing the 5' terminus of a subset of this rna but not with the complementary strand of this rna. the proteins form two complexes. complex 2 was formed by all nuclear extracts tested, whereas complex 1 was invariably formed by prot ... | 1989 | 2549540 |
| heterogeneity within an hsv-1 wild-type strain and its importance in pathogenesis. | a herpes simplex virus-type 1 low passage, clinical eye isolate, e-43 at p2, was compared with its variant progeny, sli-43 at p8, in terms of ocular disease, cytopathic effects, and genomic variation. in new zealand white (nzw) rabbits, e-43 produced mild epithelial defects and punctate lesions with full recovery by day 10 postinfection (pi). sli-43 caused dendritic lesions, progressing to geographic ulceration and death from herpes simplex virus encephalitis in 10 days postinfection. in rk, hep ... | 1989 | 2549553 |
| dna sequence and comparative analyses of the equine herpesvirus type 1 immediate early gene. | the immediate early (ie) proteins of herpesviruses are important regulatory factors which control the expression of genes at the transcriptional level. we report the dna sequence of the immediate early gene of the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1). this sequence is shown to be extremely rich in guanine and cytosine, resulting in a highly biased codon usage. the ie gene region possesses 38 open reading frames (orfs) greater than 300 bp in length, 11 of which have coding regions o ... | 1989 | 2549711 |
| neural infection in mice after cutaneous inoculation with hsv-1 is under complex host genetic control. | the ability to restrict neural infection with herpes simplex virus is of potential importance because the nervous system is the main reservoir of virus between recrudescences. genetic control of innate resistance to herpes simplex after intraperitoneal challenge is well established, but this route of infection does not mimic the progress of virus from skin to the sensory nervous system which occurs during natural infection. we show here, by mendelian analysis, that the control of neural infectio ... | 1989 | 2549748 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies: high prevalence in monogamous women in costa rica. | we studied the prevalence of antibody to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in 766 randomly selected costa rican women 25-59 years of age in a national household survey in 1984-1985. overall, 97.1% were seropositive for hsv-1 and 39.4% for hsv-2. only 1.1% of hsv-2 seropositive women gave a history of symptomatic genital herpes. hsv-2 virus antibody increased with age and with the number of lifetime sexual partners. hsv-2 seroprevalence among women who reported only 1 lifetime ... | 1989 | 2549796 |
| isolation of herpes simplex virus type 1 during first attack of multiple sclerosis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient during the first attack of multiple sclerosis. this is the first virus to be isolated from the central nervous system of a living patient with ms. the virus was identified as herpes simplex virus type 1 by restriction endonuclease analysis and by an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. antibodies against type 1 but not type 2 were detected in consecutive samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid. the pat ... | 1989 | 2549851 |
| reiterated sequences of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome can serve as physical markers for the differentiation of hsv-1 strains. | the stability of regions containing tandemly reiterated sequences in the s component of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome was determined, by comparing restriction fragments of the regions among sets of hsv-1 isolates derived from a single source. the 6 reiterations examined were grouped into three. reiteration vii (within protein coding regions of genes us10 and us11) and reiteration iv (within introns of genes us1 and us12) were stable between the isolates (group 1). regions contai ... | 1989 | 2549920 |
| herpes simplex virus-1-specific proteins are involved in alteration of polyphosphoinositide metabolism in baby-hamster kidney cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces altered phosphoinositide metabolism in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells, measured as incorporation of [3h]inositol or [32p]pi [langeland, haarr & holmsen (1986) biochem. j. 237, 707-712]. we now report that this response in the inositol phospholipids is dependent on virus-specific proteins synthesized in the beta (early) stage of virus protein synthesis. this was demonstrated both by resistance to the inhibitory effect of cycloheximide after this stage ... | 1989 | 2549980 |
| [studies on the anti-virus effect of glycyrrhiza uralensis fish. polysaccharide]. | the anti-virus activity of gps has been investigated in vitro using l-929 and fl cell line infected with 7 kinds of dna or rna virus, and the mechanism by which gps exhibits the anti-virus activity has been studied. the results show that gps may inhibit the growth of vsv, adviii, hsv-1 or vv and cpe is also suppressed by gps for protecting culture cell from virus infection. | 1989 | 2550028 |
| polymerase chain reaction and viral culture techniques to detect hsv in small volumes of cerebrospinal fluid; an experimental mouse encephalitis study. | a technique is described for the detection of hsv-dna in very small volumes (5-10 microliters) of cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the method was evaluated in csf samples of 4-6-week-old mice inoculated with hsv-1 via the corneal route. the sensitivity of the pcr assay was compared with results of spin-amplified viral culture with immunofluorescent visualization (sac/if), routine viral culture (rvc) and radioactive dot-blot hybridization (dba) in csf samples obtained from other mice. the results show ... | 1989 | 2550503 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression in latently and productively infected mouse ganglia using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed to detect herpes simplex virus (hsv) sequences in the dna, and hsv gene expression in total cell rna, extracted from cervical and trigeminal ganglia of mice during productive and latent infection with hsv-1, strain sc16. such gene expression was detected in 1 microgram or less of rna, the quantity anticipated to be present in one or two cervical ganglia. within the limits of the primers available, gene expression during latency appeared to be rest ... | 1989 | 2550571 |
| clinical and serological outcome of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 inoculation following oral hsv type 1 infection in guinea-pigs. | the clinical and serological outcome of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) inoculation in animals previously orally infected with hsv type 1 was evaluated. a prior hsv-1 oral infection modified the genital hsv-2 infection so that only four of 18 (22%) animals were initially symptomatic although all but one animal shed hsv-2 from the cervicovaginal area for at least 5 days following inoculation. three of four animals with symptomatic initial disease also developed recurrences, as did an ... | 1989 | 2550572 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant containing a deletion within immediate early gene 1 is latency-competent in mice. | we have investigated the behaviour in mice of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant dl1403, which contains a deletion within the gene encoding the immediate early polypeptide vmw110. the deletion was responsible for a reduction in virulence assayed by both the intracranial and footpad routes of inoculation. following injection into the footpad, dl1403 was able to reach the spinal cord and establish a latent infection in sensory ganglia from which virus spontaneously reactivated upon exp ... | 1989 | 2550578 |
| antigen-presenting capacity of epidermal cells infected with vaccinia virus recombinants containing the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d, and protective immunity. | we studied the association of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d (gd-1) expression in epidermal cells (ec) with virus-specific immunity and protection of mice from fatal hsv-2 challenge. vaccinia virus recombinants containing gd-1 under the control of an early (vp176) or late (vp254) vaccinia virus promoter were used. mature gd-1 protein was expressed in vp176-infected ec and they had accessory cell function for hsv-2-induced t cell proliferation of immune lymph node cells (lnc). it wa ... | 1989 | 2550579 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcription plays no role in establishment or maintenance of a latent infection in murine sensory neurons. | using herpes simplex viruses deleted and restored for the latency-associated transcripts (lats), we have quantitatively assessed the role of the transcripts in establishment and maintenance of latent infection. determination of the number of neurons latently infected and the copy number of viral genomes per latently infected ganglion indicated that there is no difference between viruses expressing and not expressing the transcripts. in addition, the amount of viral dna present in ganglia latentl ... | 1989 | 2550678 |
| impaired recovery and mutagenic sos-like responses in ataxia telangiectasia cells. | radiosensitive fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (at) were studied for their proficiency in two putative eukaryotic sos-like responses, namely the enhanced reactivation (er) and enhanced mutagenesis of damaged viruses infecting pre-irradiated versus mock-treated cells. a previous report indicated that, unlike normal human cells, a line of at fibroblasts (at5biva) could not be induced to express er of damaged parvovirus h-1, a single-stranded dna virus, by uv- or x-irradiation. ... | 1989 | 2550722 |
| lack of correlation between hla-b35 resistance against herpes labialis and antibody titers to hsv-1. | to investigate whether genetic factors linked to the human leukocyte antigens (hla) might influence individual resistance to recurrent herpes labialis (rhl), we studied the frequencies of hla-a, -b, and -c antigens in a sample of sicilian population. the frequency of hla-b35 was significantly decreased in the patient group (p corrected = 0.018). consequently, the relative risk of development of rhl in a subject positive for hla-b35 was 20 times smaller than in a subject who does not bear b35. fu ... | 1989 | 2550869 |
| effect of smoked tobacco tar on the growth, cytolytic action, dna synthesis, and gene expression of herpes simplex virus. | previous experiments have shown that topical application of smoked tobacco tar condensate to hsv-infected oral mucosae of mice promotes neoplastic changes. although hsv is an oncogenic virus, the virus must be inactivated and lose its cytolytic activity to be oncogenic in vitro and in vivo. therefore, we investigated the effect of the water-extractable components of smoked tobacco tar condensate (smoked tobacco tar extract) on the growth, cytolytic activity, dna synthesis, and gene expression of ... | 1989 | 2550870 |
| site specificity of the inhibitory effects of oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate)s complementary to the acceptor splice junction of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early mrna 4. | oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate)s complementary to the splice junction of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early pre-mrnas 4 and 5 caused specific inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 growth. the dodecamer d(tptcctcctgcgg) (deoxynucleoside methylphosphonate residues in italic) caused 50% and 98% decreases in herpes simplex virus type 1 titers at concentrations of 15 microm and 100 microm, respectively. d(tptcctcctgcgg) inhibited viral but not cellular protein synthesis and decreased ... | 1989 | 2550925 |
| in situ hybridization analysis for herpes simplex virus nucleic acids in alzheimer disease. | histological sections of brain from patients showing evidence of advanced pathology of alzheimer disease (ad) were examined for the presence of herpes simplex type-1 (hsv-1) nucleic acids by a sensitive in-situ hybridization technique. samples from neurologically normal patients were examined in parallel. sensitivity of the assay was verified by the detection of hsv-1 nucleic acids in neurons of trigeminal ganglia taken from cases of ad and normal controls. this indicated that the hybridization ... | 1989 | 2551348 |
| evaluation of a new herpes simplex virus typing reagent for tissue culture confirmation. | monoclonal antibody typing reagents for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) from california integrated diagnostics, inc. (berkeley, ca) were compared to two other commercially available hsv monoclonal antibody typing reagents. of the 105 specimens tested, of which 81 were positive for hsv, there was 100% agreement with all three typing reagents. | 1989 | 2551569 |
| expression of human hprt mrna in brains of mice infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus-1 vector. | complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) results in a devastating neurological disease, the lesch-nyhan syndrome. this disorder has been identified as a candidate for initial attempts at somatic cell gene therapy. we have previously reported the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vector containing human hprt cdna sequences under the regulatory control of the viral thymidine kinase gene (tk) [palella et a ... | 1989 | 2551779 |
| [geographic localization of three variants of herpes simplex virus type 1 in japan]. | we previously reported that a variant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) designated variant type a was isolated at a much higher frequency in western japan than in eastern japan. we examined the localization of two other variant types designated b and c. the proportion of the type b and type c variants among 553 fresh hsv-1 isolates from 10 areas in japan were 5.4% and 1.3%, respectively. the isolation frequency of type b variant in eastern japan was 8.3%. it was as high as 20.5% in iwate ar ... | 1989 | 2551979 |
| a novel function of the herpes simplex virus type 1 fc receptor: participation in bipolar bridging of antiviral immunoglobulin g. | we describe a novel function of the fc receptor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), its ability to participate in antibody bipolar bridging. this refers to the binding of a single immunoglobulin g (igg) molecule by its fab end to its antigenic target and by its fc end to an fc receptor (fcr). we demonstrate that various immune igg antibodies, including polyclonal rabbit antibodies to hsv-1 glycoproteins gc1 and gd1 and monoclonal human antibody to gd1 blocked rosetting of igg-coated erythroc ... | 1989 | 2552134 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0 plays a critical role in the de novo synthesis of infectious virus following transfection of viral dna. | as a first step in identifying the functions and intramolecular functional domains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cell protein 0 (icp0) in productive infection and latency, a series of mutant plasmids specifying varying amounts of the icp0 primary amino acid sequence were constructed. in transient expression assays with mutant and wild-type plasmids, the n-terminal half of the icp0 molecule was found to be sufficient to transactivate a variety of viral promoters. although promoters repr ... | 1989 | 2552142 |
| the regions important for the activator and repressor functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha protein icp27 map to the c-terminal half of the molecule. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) alpha or immediate-early proteins icp4 (ie175), icp0 (ie110), and icp27 (ie63) are trans-acting proteins which affect hsv-1 gene expression. we previously showed that icp27 in combination with icp4 and icp0 could act as a repressor or an activator in transfection assays, depending on the target gene (r. e. sekulovich, k. leary, and r. m. sandri-goldin, j. virol. 62:4510-4522, 1988). to investigate the regions of the icp27 protein which specify these functi ... | 1989 | 2552143 |
| use of ar+ plasma etching to localize structural proteins in the capsid of herpes simplex virus type 1. | partially cored herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) capsids (b capsids) were eroded in a low-energy (0.5-kev) ar+ ion plasma under conditions in which the outermost structural proteins were expected to be degraded before more internal ones. after various periods of etching, the proteins remaining intact were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and determined quantitatively by densitometric scanning of the stained gels. the results showed that the major capsid p ... | 1989 | 2552147 |
| a host cell protein binds to a highly conserved sequence element (pac-2) within the cytomegalovirus a sequence. | the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) a sequence has significant homology to two regions, pac-1 and pac-2, within the a sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). both regions have been shown to be important cis-acting signals in hsv-1 genome maturation. we have demonstrated that a small fragment from within the cmv a sequence, containing the pac-1 and pac-2 motifs, carries all of the signals necessary for generation of genomic termini and for inversion. these observations indicated that the fun ... | 1989 | 2552148 |
| antigenic properties and cellular localization of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein h synthesized in a mammalian cell expression system. | herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h (hsv-1 gh) was synthesized in an inducible mammalian cell expression system, and its properties were examined. the gh coding sequence, together with the stable 5' untranslated leader sequence from xenopus beta-globin, was placed under control of the strong promoter from the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene in an amplifiable plasmid which contains the simian virus 40 (sv40) virus origin for replication (ori). this expression vector was tr ... | 1989 | 2552150 |
| protection of mice from herpes simplex virus-induced retinitis by in vitro-activated immune cells. | a form of acute retinal necrosis occurred in the contralateral eyes of susceptible mice 1 week after each received a uniocular injection of live herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the anterior chamber. although these mice did not develop systemic delayed hypersensitivity to virus antigens, their sera contained virus-specific antibodies at the time contralateral retinitis occurred. these findings suggest that systemic immunity might not be able to protect against contralateral retinitis. to e ... | 1989 | 2552154 |
| the herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff function. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) function of herpes simplex virus (hsv) limits the expression of genes in the infected cells by destabilizing both host and viral mrnas. vhs function mutants have been isolated which are defective in their ability to degrade host mrna. furthermore, the half-life of viral mrnas is significantly longer in cells infected with the vhs-1 mutant virus than in cells infected with the wild-type (wt) virus. recent data have shown that the vhs-1 mutation resides within the ope ... | 1989 | 2552156 |
| in vitro mutagenesis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase gene results in altered drug sensitivity of the enzyme. | a mutation (asparagine 815 to serine 815) was introduced into the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase (pol). the hsv-1 pol enzyme in lysates of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the mutant protein showed increased resistance to acyclovir triphosphate and increased sensitivity to phosphonoacetate but was not substantially altered with respect to sensitivity to phosphonoformate or aphidicolin. these results directly demonstrate that both resistance to acyclovir triphosphate ... | 1989 | 2552170 |
| latent infections in spinal ganglia with thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 variant [c239(tk-)] harboring a deletion in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene was assessed for capacity to establish latent infections. outbred swiss webster mice were inoculated on both hind footpads, and numbers of neurons expressing latency-associated transcript and amounts of viral dna in latently infected lumbosacral spinal ganglia were scored. c239(tk-) established levels of latent infection that were only slightly lower than those found for either a tk rescued v ... | 1989 | 2552180 |
| herpes simplex virus enhances the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced carcinogenesis and amplification and overexpression of c-erb-b-1 proto-oncogene in hamster buccal pouch epithelium. | we studied the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) inoculation and topical 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) application, alone or in combination, on the carcinogenesis and on the amplification and expression of various cellular proto-oncogenes in hamster buccal pouch tissue. topical dmba treatment produced tumor formation in pouches, but hsv-1 inoculation, alone caused no neoplastic changes. in pouch tissues receiving both dmba application and hsv-1 inoculation, the development o ... | 1989 | 2552369 |
| herpes simplex virus latent rna (lat) is not required for latent infection in the mouse. | during latent infection by herpes simplex virus (hsv), an abundant latency-associated transcript (lat) that is antisense to a predominant viral alpha gene (icp0) is found localized in the nucleus of sensory neurons. we disrupted both copies of the lat gene in the hsv-1 genome by insertion of the escherichia coli lacz gene under lat promoter control. the resulting recombinant virus, rh142, does not express any detectable lat in either latently or productively infected cells, although beta-galacto ... | 1989 | 2552449 |
| herpes simplex virus-specific antibodies present in tears during herpes keratitis. | we examined the specificity and levels of antibodies present in rabbit tears after induced infection of the rabbit cornea. two strains of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv) with different patterns of ocular disease were used: re which produces stromal disease, and f which produces epithelial disease. we found that (i) igg, iga, and igm antibodies were produced, (ii) the number of specific hsv antigens recognized by these antibodies was no significantly different, and (iii) postinfection (pi) timing an ... | 1989 | 2552457 |
| herpes simplex virus neurovirulence and productive infection of neural cells is associated with a function which maps between 0.82 and 0.832 map units on the hsv genome. | a herpes simplex virus (hsv) intertypic recombinant (re6) has been shown to be completely and specifically non-neurovirulent in mice. direct intracranial inoculation of 10(8) pfu of re6 does not result in a lethal encephalitis. neurovirulent recombinant viruses were generated by cotransfection of re6 dna with dna fragments cloned from the pathogenic hsv-1 strain 17 syn+. it was found that a 1.6-kb fragment mapping between 0.82-0.832 m.u. could restore the neurovirulent phenotype. recombinants wh ... | 1989 | 2552657 |
| crane hepatitis herpesviruses. | comparative studies were performed on crane herpesviruses obtained from two different enzootics in austria and france. the examined viruses appear to be identical in their physico-chemical properties, morphology and biological reactions in ovo. the crane viruses are tentatively classified as beta-herpesviruses. crane herpesvirus antisera produced in rabbits reacted in cross neutralization tests with each other and with a herpesvirus obtained from a bobwhite quail. no reactivity was observed with ... | 1989 | 2552707 |
| oral chemotherapy of fatal b virus (herpesvirus simiae) infection. | acyclovir and ganciclovir, which were only about 10-fold less effective against b virus than herpes simplex virus type 1 in vero cells, were tested in vivo in b virus-infected rabbits. untreated control rabbits became paralysed from 8 days and died from 10 days. oral acyclovir at a dose rate of 500 mg/kg/day for 21 days prevented death; acyclovir prevented disease at 700 mg/kg/day. in b virus-infected humans such a high dose of acyclovir could not be given by mouth. nevertheless, high dose oral ... | 1989 | 2552914 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection by tannins and related compounds. | several chemically defined plant extracts were investigated for their antiviral action on herpes simplex virus (hsv-1, hsv-2)-infected african green monkey kidney cells and human adenocarcinoma cells, using a plaque formation assay. among them, the monomeric hydrolyzable tannins, oligomeric ellagitannins and condensed tannins, having galloyl groups or hexahydroxydiphenoyl groups, had the most potent anti-hsv activity. their 50% effective doses (0.03-0.1 microgram/ml) were by two-three orders of ... | 1989 | 2552915 |
| temporal aspects of o-glycosylation of glycoprotein c from herpes simplex virus type-1. | herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein c (gc1) contains several o-linked oligosaccharides clustered near n-linked chains, and pronase digestion produces glycopeptides carrying both oligosaccharide types. we have taken advantage of this fact to investigate the temporal relationship between the initiation of o-linked chains and the processing of n-linked oligosaccharides. gc1 was isolated from herpes-simplex-virus-infected bhk (baby-hamster kidney) cells after short labelling periods with [3h]gl ... | 1989 | 2552998 |