| localization of mrna for vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), angiopoietins and their receptors during the peri-implantation period and early pregnancy in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | implantation of a blastocyst into a receptive endometrium is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy. angiogenesis is a key event in this process but the mechanisms by which localized changes in vascular permeability and angiogenesis occur have yet to be elucidated. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and its receptors vegfr-1 and vegfr-2 have been implicated as key players in vascular remodelling and placentation. angiopoietins also appear to have a significant role in regulation of blood ... | 2003 | 12887279 |
| variable dopamine release probability and short-term plasticity between functional domains of the primate striatum. | release of the neuromodulator dopamine (da) is critical to the control of locomotion, motivation, and reward. however, the probability of da release is not well understood. current understanding of neurotransmitter release probability in the cns is limited to the conventional synaptic amino acid transmitters (e.g., glutamate and gaba). these fast neurotransmitters are released with a repertoire of probabilities according to synapse type, and these probabilities show activity-dependent plasticity ... | 2003 | 12764127 |
| cage use and feeding height preferences of captive common marmosets (callithrix j. jacchus) in two-tier cages. | determining appropriate feeding regimes has important welfare implications for cap-tive primates. this study examined the preference of food bowl heights in 6 pairs of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) housed in a 2-tier cage system. given that marmosets are arboreal and spend most of their time in the upper half of their cages, we predicted that the marmosets would prefer a food bowl positioned at the top of the cage over one positioned at the bottom. we further predicted that this would be ... | 2002 | 12738582 |
| sensory-motor interaction in the primate auditory cortex during self-initiated vocalizations. | little is known about sensory-motor interaction in the auditory cortex of primates at the level of single neurons and its role in supporting vocal communication. the present study investigated single-unit activities in the auditory cortex of a vocal primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), during self-initiated vocalizations. we found that 1) self-initiated vocalizations resulted in suppression of neural discharges in a majority of auditory cortical neurons. the vocalization-induced in ... | 2003 | 12612021 |
| response to novel objects and foraging tasks by common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) female pairs. | the authors analyze the effects of enrichment devices on the behavior of common marmoset female pairs, and determine which aspects of these devices are more likely to elicit explorative behaviors, and how their presence affects aggressive and stress-related behaviors. the results support the use of enrichment devices for captive primates and show that in marmosets, their effectiveness strongly depends on location within the enclosure and the presence of hidden food. | 2003 | 12601387 |
| assessment of a combination of physostigmine and scopolamine as pretreatment against the behavioural effects of organophosphates in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | there is a requirement to ensure that uk armed forces are provided with the best possible medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the effects of exposure to nerve agents. when pretreatments are under consideration, it is of particular importance to ensure that they do not in themselves give rise to adverse effects and do not exacerbate the effects of agent exposure. | 2003 | 12589520 |
| degree of social contact affects the emission of food calls in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the aim of this study was to investigate whether the emission of food calls in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) is influenced by different social contexts. food calls are emitted by this species only in the presence of preferred food. if these calls have any communicative function, it may be that individuals produce food calls in order to call family mates toward the food source. if this is the case, the number of calls produced should vary in accordance with the number of family mates pres ... | 2003 | 12526036 |
| re: klintenberg et al, tardive dyskinesia model in the common marmoset. | | 2003 | 12518311 |
| both short- and long-acting d-1/d-2 dopamine agonists induce less dyskinesia than l-dopa in the mptp-lesioned common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the current concept of dyskinesia is that pulsatile stimulation of d-1 or d-2 receptors by l-dopa or short-acting dopamine agonists is more likely to induce dyskinesia compared to long-acting drugs producing more continuous receptor stimulation. we now investigate the ability of two mixed d-1/d-2 agonists, namely pergolide (long-acting) and apomorphine (short-acting), to induce dyskinesia in drug-nai;ve mptp-lesioned primates, compared to l-dopa. adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were ... | 2003 | 12504871 |
| beginning-of-dose and rebound worsening in mptp-treated common marmosets treated with levodopa. | a wide range of motor fluctuations develop in parkinson's disease (pd) patients after prolonged levodopa (l-dopa) treatment, but few experimental models exist in which these can be investigated. we report on motor fluctuations occurring in mptp-treated common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) treated repeatedly with l-dopa. all animals showed an improvement in motor function in response to l-dopa, and rapidly developed peak-dose dyskinesia. during the period of l-dopa action, brief periods of immob ... | 2002 | 12465074 |
| characterization of urinary and fecal metabolites of testosterone and their measurement for assessing gonadal endocrine function in male nonhuman primates. | the aims of the present study were (i) to provide basic comparative data on the time course, route, and characteristics of excreted [14c]testosterone (t) metabolites in three nonhuman primates: the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), the long-tailed macaque (macaca fascicularis) and the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and (ii) to use this information to help validate the measurement of urinary and fecal testosterone metabolites for assessing androgen status in anthropoid primates. radiolabeled 14 ... | 2002 | 12460597 |
| parent-daughter relationships and social controls on fertility in female common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. | this study examined the reproductive status of mothers and daughters to determine if parent-eldest daughter interactions would influence the daughter's fertility in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. twice weekly fecal samples were collected for hormonal analyses from seven daughters and their mothers and analyzed for cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone by eia. behavioral data were collected three times weekly while the daughters were under three conditions: natal ... | 2002 | 12460595 |
| the monoamine reuptake blocker brasofensine reverses akinesia without dyskinesia in mptp-treated and levodopa-primed common marmosets. | the common marmoset develops motor deficits after mptp treatment and exhibits dyskinesia after chronic levodopa (l-dopa) dosing and subsequent re-challenge with l-dopa and other dopaminergic agents. we report on the actions of the potent monoamine reuptake blocker brasofensine on motor disability, locomotor activity, and dyskinesia in the 1-methyl-4-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) -treated marmoset model of parkinson's disease. oral administration of brasofensine (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5 mg/kg ... | 2002 | 12360536 |
| striate cortex in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets: neurochemical compartmentalization and geniculate input. | the superficial layers of primate striate cortex (v1) contain a regular pattern of dense staining for cytochrome oxidase (co) reactivity ("blobs") that receive direct input from the koniocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. it has been suggested that the blob regions are dedicated to processing color information. here, the neurochemical compartmentalization of blobs and their input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) was measured in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) identified a ... | 2002 | 12209849 |
| neonatal behavioral scoring of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): relation to physical condition and survival. | a seven-task behavioral test was performed on 86 common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) infants, 24-36 h following birth. this report describes the test outcome and its relation to physical condition and survival of the infants. the percentage of infants receiving a perfect score on a given task ranged from 30.6 (rooting) to 70.6% (grasping). heavier infants were more likely to have perfect scores for crawling (f=4.20, p=0.044) and infants with a longer knee-heel length tended to be more likely to ... | 2002 | 12190856 |
| behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to social and environmental changes. | under captive conditions common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) show socially monogamous propensities. male and female form a social bond as characterized by signs of behavioral arousal during separation of the pairmates, high levels of affiliative interactions between pairmates and agonistic responses towards strange conspecifics. in the present study behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of mated individuals of common marmosets were recorded while the animals were in an unfamiliar enviro ... | 2002 | 12145401 |
| islet hyperplasia in callitrichids. | five callitrichids (three common marmosets -callithrix jacchus -, a black tufted-eared marmoset -c. penicillata-, and a saddle-back tamarin -saguinus fuscicollis) were diagnosed with islet hyperplasia by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. all were privately-owned, unrelated callitrichids ranging from 2- to 4-year-old. relevant findings were anorexia (3/5), vomiting (2/5), ptyalism (1/5), polyuria/polydipsia (1/5), respiratory distress (1/5), hyperglycemia (2/3) and glycosuria (1/1); hyperg ... | 2002 | 12145399 |
| morphine administration selectively facilitates social play in common marmosets. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) form extended families, and several cohorts of young may reside together. play is shown extensively among the offspring. we hypothesized that opiate activity modulates social play, and predicted that administration of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) would facilitate social play, whereas pretreatment with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) would block morphine's effects. morphine administration was associated with significantly increased social play, and the effect of morphine was at ... | 2002 | 12115289 |
| parental failure in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): a comparison with tamarins. | | 2006 | 12065940 |
| development of telemetry system in the common marmoset--cardiovascular effects of astemizole and nicardipine. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate a telemetry system for examining the cardiovascular system in the conscious common marmoset. parameters obtained were blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, ecg, body temperature and locomotor activity, and these were continuously recorded on a data recorder via the telemetry system and then processed by a computerized system. diurnal rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity were observed in this system. we st ... | 2002 | 12058448 |
| the evolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating sexual behaviour in female primates. | the common marmoset is a small new world primate that lives in extended family groups. female marmosets show rhythmic changes in proceptivity during their 28-day ovarian cycle, but fluctuations in sexual receptivity are relatively subtle. receptivity persists even after ovariectomy and adrenalectomy in the female marmoset. in the intact female, increases in proceptivity at mid cycle are due to the activational effects of oestradiol. treatment of the ovariectomized female with oestradiol-17beta s ... | 2001 | 11999311 |
| hemochorial placentation in the primate: expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and their receptors throughout pregnancy. | vascular development and its transformation are necessary for successful hemochorial placentation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), angiopoietins, and their receptors may be involved in the molecular regulation of this process. to determine the potential role of these putative regulators in a widely studied primate, the common marmoset, we investigated their mrna expression and protein location in the placenta throughout pregnancy using in situ hybridization, northern blot analysis ... | 2002 | 11870089 |
| variation in circulating and excreted estradiol associated with testicular activity in male marmosets. | concentrations of estradiol (e2) are high in the urine of male marmosets, and links between e2 and paternal behavior have been proposed in black tufted-ear marmosets, callithrix kuhlii. however, it is not clear whether urinary e2 in male marmosets: 1) represents production of e2 associated with testicular activity, 2) is associated with adrenal steroid production, or 3) merely reflects peripheral conversion of t to e2 prior to excretion. we tested the hypothesis that urinary e2 in male marmosets ... | 2002 | 11793411 |
| vascularization in the primate visual cortex during development. | we studied the relationship between vascularization and neuronal activity in the visual cortex during postnatal development in the primate. analyses were focused on layer ivc that displays a sequential pattern of maturation for the magno- and parvocellular systems in separate sublayers, respectively ivc alpha and ivc beta. cytochrome oxidase and endogenous alkaline phosphatase histochemistry was used to analyse, on the same sections, the laminar patterns of cortical activity and vessel density i ... | 2002 | 11739267 |
| comparison of androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor beta immunoexpression in the testes of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) from birth to adulthood: low androgen receptor immunoexpression in sertoli cells during the neonatal increase in testosterone concentrations. | the aims of this study were: (i) to investigate the cellular immunoexpression of androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor beta in the testes of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) during neonatal life compared with their expression at later ages; (ii) to establish whether neonatal marmoset sertoli cells are targets for androgens or oestrogens or both; and (iii) to investigate the relationship between neonatal plasma testosterone concentrations and androgen receptor immunoexpression by aboli ... | 2001 | 11597306 |
| callitrichid nutrition and food sensitivity. | captive callitrichids are prone to developing intestinal problems. their captive and natural diets differ enormously, and diet has been suggested to play a major role in wasting marmoset syndrome. proteins in wheat, soy and milk are included in callitrichid diets of most colonies and have been linked to an immune reaction in saguinus oedipus and callithrix jacchus. in the present study of 23 males and females of the two species, wheat protein was tested but soy and milk products were excluded. o ... | 2001 | 11515674 |
| antiparkinsonian activity and dyskinesia risk of ropinirole and l-dopa combination therapy in drug naïve mptp-lesioned common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | de novo administration of long-acting dopamine agonists, such as ropinirole, to patients with parkinson's disease or to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated subhuman primates produces a lower incidence of dyskinesia than occurs with l-dopa. this study compares the intensity of dyskinesia produced by combinations of l-dopa and ropinirole and by these drugs alone, using the mptp-treated common marmoset model of parkinson's disease. the objective is to determine the optimum t ... | 2001 | 11481686 |
| spatial properties of koniocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the marmoset callithrix jacchus. | 1. the receptive field dimensions, contrast sensitivity and linearity of spatial summation of koniocellular (kc), parvocellular (pc) and magnocellular (mc) cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of 11 adult marmosets were measured using achromatic sinusoidal gratings. 2. the receptive field centre diameter of cells in each (pc, kc and mc) class increases with distance from the fovea. there is substantial overlap in centre size between the three cell classes at any eccentricity, but the pc ... | 2001 | 11389209 |
| genomic and spectral analyses of long to middle wavelength-sensitive visual pigments of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the genetic basis of red-green color vision of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is not fully understood. here, we have cloned and characterized the three alleles at a locus that encode the long to middle wavelength-sensitive (lws/mws) visual pigments of this species. using in situ hybridization, we localized this locus to the telomeric region of the long arm of x chromosome. the three visual pigments achieve the wavelengths of maximal absorption at 561, 553, and 539 nm and fully explain the ... | 2001 | 11376936 |
| mealworm feeders as environmental enrichment for common marmosets. | the impact of a foraging enrichment device, the "mealworm feeder," on the behavior of the common marmoset was examined. in 3-h weekly exposures to the wormfeeder device, behavioral observations were conducted to compare the rates of feeder use, use of other enrichment devices, stereotyped behavior, and inactivity, to those of control sessions in which the enrichment device was not provided. significantly decreased rates of pacing and time spent sitting still were observed in association with pla ... | 2001 | 11353521 |
| localization of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium of common marmosets callithrix jacchus. | in the present study, changes in the immunohistochemical localization of endometrial estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptor (pr) during various stages of the ovarian cyclicity in common marmoset, have been reported. ovarian cyclicity was monitored by estimating plasma estradiol and progesterone. during the early follicular phase, weak er immunolocalization was observed in the endometrial stroma. during the late follicular phase under the influence of rising estradiol levels, stromal er ... | 2000 | 11272404 |
| increased acth and cortisol secretion after interleukin-alpha injection in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus). | we have studied the effect of intravenous injection of interleukin-1 (dose range: from 0.25 to 4.5 microg/kg of body weight) on plasma acth and cortisol levels in the marmoset, a primate paradygm of peripheral glucocorticoid resistance. blood sampling were collected and body temperature recorded 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after injection. interleukin-1 stimulated secretion of acth in a dose-dependent fashion. maximal secretion occurred 120 min after injection, and lasted up to 240 ... | 2001 | 11263678 |
| social influence on induced food preference in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | in this paper, we investigate the role of sociality in changing an induced food preference in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), in the particular case of interactions between animals with contrasting information. after modifying a food preference by making a preferred food unpalatable for pairs of individuals (labelled as conditioned individuals) we recorded food choice under three experimental conditions: pairs interacting (one conditioned pair with one non-conditioned pair); pairs ... | 2003 | 11155024 |
| influence of contrast on the responses of marmoset lateral geniculate cells to drifting gratings. | the responses of lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) cells in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) to drifting luminance or cone isolating gratings of different spatial frequencies and contrasts were measured. the response noise, defined as the variability of the responses to single sweeps in the complex plane, was independent of stimulus contrast and spatial frequency but increased with increasing overall responsiveness of the cell. the signal-to-noise ratio of parvocellular (pc) cells was sma ... | 2001 | 11152723 |
| changes in follicle-stimulating hormone and follicle populations during the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) belongs to the family callitrichidae, the only anthropoid primates with a high and variable number of ovulations (one to four). an understanding of folliculogenesis in this species may provide some insight into factors regulating multiple follicular growth in primates. the aims of this study were to characterize in detail changes in the antral follicle population at different stages of the ovarian cycle, to characterize the marmoset fsh profile, and to re ... | 2001 | 11133667 |
| age-related alteration of taste bud distribution in the common marmoset. | alteration in the number of taste buds on the soft palate (sp), fungiform (ff), foliate (fl) and circumvallate (cv) papillae in the common marmoset at different postnatal ages was examined histologically. after paraffin embedding, complete serial sections at 10 microm thickness were made and stained by he. digitized images for each section were examined carefully. the number of ff taste buds at day 1 was 334. while only 20% of all the taste buds at birth possessed a taste pore, 39% of 174 sp tas ... | 2001 | 11124209 |
| photic and nonphotic circadian phase resetting in a diurnal primate, the common marmoset. | despite the considerable literature on circadian entrainment, there is little information on this subject in diurnal mammals. contributing to this lack of understanding is the problem of separating photic from nonphotic (behavioral) phase-resetting events in diurnal species. in the present study, photic phase resetting was obtained in diurnal common marmosets held under constant dim light (dimdim; <0.5 lx) by using a 20-s pulse of bright light to minimize time available for behavioral arousal. t ... | 2001 | 11124151 |
| the metabolic rate and vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons, and adenosine dynamics in the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen of the common marmoset. | the pathophysiology of the striatum and cerebral cortex were studied from the pharmacological aspect. investigation of the dopamine content in the cerebral cortex revealed that the premotor and motor area showed the highest level (61+/-6.2 ng/g). intravenous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) at a dose of 10 mg/kg reduced the dopamine content in the caudate nucleus and putamen to 2-3% of the control level in common marmosets, while it fell to 60% in the nucleus accu ... | 2000 | 11081800 |
| intraretinal axon diameter: a single cell analysis in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | we have labelled individual retinal ganglion cells of a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with neurobiotin and then measured axon, soma and dendritic field diameter. a total of 111 cells were analysed (62 parasol cells, 22 midget cells, 16 hedge cells and 11 small bistratified cells). when all retinal ganglion cells were grouped together axon diameter was positively correlated to soma diameter. when analysed according to cell class only midget cells showed a positive co ... | 1999 | 11054900 |
| cardiovascular parameters telemetrically measured during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | here we present the first report of heart rate, blood pressure, and locomotive activity of a female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) that was moving freely in its home cage during gestation, parturition, and lactation. we collected the data by using a miniaturized telemetry and data-acquisition system (data sciences, st. paul, mn) that had been adapted for marmosets (1). the parameters were recorded continually from 12 days before to 15 days after parturition. parturition lasted about 3.5 h, ... | 2000 | 11040868 |
| l-dopa produces strong induction of c-fos messenger rna in dopamine-denervated cortical and striatal areas of the common marmoset. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with near-complete unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine denervation of the dopaminergic input received a single injection of saline or l-dopa (15mg/kg plus 6.25mg/kg benserazide). using in situ hybridization, the effects of these treatments on c-fos messenger rna expression in the cerebral cortex, the striatal complex and the external layer of the pallidum were studied. moreover, receptor autoradiography was used to determine the levels of dopamine d(1) and d(2) rec ... | 2000 | 11029538 |
| development of hand preferences in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and effects of aging. | the authors investigated the development of unimanual hand use and hand preferences during feeding in 15 marmosets (callithrix jacchus), ages birth to 51-70 months. bimanual hand use was common at 1-2 months, but by 5-8 months unimanual holding had developed and so had significant hand preferences. half of the marmosets preferred to pick up and take food to the mouth with the left hand, and half preferred the right hand. individuals maintained the same hand preference at all ages examined. signi ... | 2000 | 10994842 |
| cyto- and chemoarchitecture of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (bfcn) was investigated in the lower primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). a large population of magnocellular, hyperchromic, and choline acetyltransferase (chat)-positive neurons was detected in the marmoset basal forebrain. the distribution of these neurons was similar to those in higher primates. thus, chat-positive neurons were observed in the medial septum (ch2), the vertical (ch2) and horizontal (ch3) limbs ... | 2000 | 10993691 |
| true imitation in marmosets. | marmosets, callithrix jacchus, observed a demonstrator removing the lids from a series of plastic canisters to obtain a mealworm. when subsequently allowed access to the canisters, marmosets that observed a demonstrator using its hands to remove the lids used only their hands. in contrast, marmosets that observed a demonstrator using its mouth also used their mouth to remove the lids. since hand and mouth demonstrators brought about identical changes in the canisters, the differential test behav ... | 2000 | 10973721 |
| antiparkinsonian and neuroprotective effects of modafinil in the mptp-treated common marmoset. | the psychostimulant drug, modafinil, protects rodents against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) toxicity, striatal ischemia and partial transection of the nigro-striatal pathway. we now report on the ability of modafinil to reverse motor disability in mptp-treated common marmosets and to prevent mptp-induced nigral cell death in this species. in the initial experiments, adult common marmosets were treated with mptp to produce stable motor deficits. the subsequent administration ... | 2000 | 10968218 |
| effect of monocular deprivation on nmdar1 immunostaining in ocular dominance columns of the marmoset callithrix jacchus. | we previously showed that immunoreactivity to n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors in primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus is regulated by visual activity during the second and third postnatal months (fonta et al., 1997). the purpose of the present study was to show that the columnar pattern of high and low nmdar1 immunoreactivity observed in monocularly deprived animals corresponds to ocular dominance columns linked to the nondeprived and deprived eye, respectively. we compared cortical ... | 2013 | 10910103 |
| chronic supranigral infusion of bdnf in normal and mptp-treated common marmosets. | bdnf or vehicle were administered by unilateral supranigral infusion in normal and chronically lesioned mptp-treated common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) for four weeks and locomotor activity, disability and response to apomorphine were assessed with nigral th, gfap and gad immunoreactivity and striatal [3h]mazindol autoradiography. selective contraversive orientation and ipsilateral neglect evolved in mptp-treated marmosets receiving bdnf with no significant difference in disability or locomot ... | 1999 | 10907726 |
| transdermal administration of piribedil reverses mptp-induced motor deficits in the common marmoset. | the ability of transdermal administration of the dopamine d2/d3 agonist piribedil (1-[3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)]-4-[(2-pyrimidinyl)]piperazine) to reverse hypokinesia and other motor deficits observed in mptp-treated common marmosets was investigated. piribedil (2.5-10.0 mg/animal), applied directly to the skin of the abdomen as a paste, produced a long-lasting and concentration-dependent reversal of motor deficits. the antiparkinsonian actions of piribedil occurred within 10 minutes of drug adm ... | 2013 | 10895396 |
| anaesthesia of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using continuous intravenous infusion of alphaxalone/alphadalone. | a safe means of anaesthetizing common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) for a study using magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to investigate cerebral ischaemia was required. continuous infusion of alphaxalone/alphadalone was used to anaesthetize 37 marmosets for non-recovery and recovery experiments. this was found to give safe, reliable anaesthesia when coupled with pulse oximetry and electrocardiographic (ecg) monitoring. | 1999 | 10759388 |
| leukaemia inhibitory factor in the endometrium of the common marmoset callithrix jacchus: localization, expression and hormonal regulation. | in the present study, changes in the immunohistochemical localization of leukaemia inhibitory factor (lif) in the endometrium during various phases of ovarian cyclicity of the common marmoset have been reported. lif was absent during the early and late follicular phases. lif was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of the endometrial glands during the early luteal phase, reached maximum intensity during the mid-luteal phase and declined again during late luteal phase. in-situ hybridization also show ... | 2000 | 10729316 |
| the effect of dopamine depletion from the caudate nucleus of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) on tests of prefrontal cognitive function. | this study examined the effects of depletion of dopamine from the caudate nucleus of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), on tasks sensitive to prefrontal damage (attentional set-shifting and spatial delayed response). there was a marked impairment in performance on the spatial delayed response task, but performance on the attentional set-shifting task was relatively preserved except for an impairment in re-engagement of a previously relevant perceptual dimension. this pattern of impairment ... | 2000 | 10718258 |
| prolactin levels of fathers and helpers related to alloparental care in common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. | previous studies have suggested that prolactin may play a role in regulating allocare behaviour in cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus. in this study, we investigate the prolactin profile of 3 groups of captive common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. carrying behaviour in this species was observed after parturition. prolactin assays of blood samples of both fathers and helpers (sub-adult non-fathers) in 3 family groups were taken for 8 weeks before and after birth of the infants. the after-birth ... | 2006 | 10686484 |
| retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): a study using cholera toxin subunit b. | retinal projections in vertebrates reach the primary visual, accessory optic, and circadian timing structures. the central feature of the circadian timing system is the principal circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the hypothalamus. the direct projections from the retina to the scn are considered the entrainment pathway of the circadian timing system. in this study, unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit b were used to trace the retinal projections to t ... | 1999 | 10553121 |
| social determinants of reproductive failure in male common marmosets housed with their natal family. | postpubertal male common marmosets, callithrix jacchus, engage in little or no sexual behaviour while living with their natal families. the social mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been identified but have been assumed to include reproductive suppression by dominant males and/or avoidance of mating with closely related females. we evaluated these two possible components of male reproductive failure. seven postpubertal males and their fathers underwent a series of 45-min sex tests, i ... | 1999 | 10479365 |
| cutaneous receptive field organization in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus in the common marmoset. | the organization of cutaneous receptive fields in the ventroposterior (vp) thalamus of the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) was determined from single-unit recordings, and these data were correlated with the cytochrome oxidase (co) histochemistry of the thalamus in the same animals. under continuously maintained ketamine anesthesia, the receptive fields of a total of 192 single units were recorded from the right vp thalamus using 2 mohms glass electrodes. after the receptive fields were map ... | 1999 | 10515975 |
| the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation. | in a number of epidemiological surveys and in two recent intervention trials in cardiac patients, diets rich in marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), which include both eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha), have been found to be beneficial in reducing the susceptibility of developing serious ventricular fibrillation (vf) or malignant cardiac dysrhythmia and mortality from sudden cardiac death (scd). in addition to this information from human studies, there is s ... | 1999 | 24394167 |
| context and sex differences exist in the acoustic structure of phee calls by newly-paired common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | captive common marmosets of all ages robustly produce a "separation" phee call during brief separations from their group. in contrast, a second structural variant, which may function as an intergroup call, is produced in the home cage primarily by the reproductive adults. a previous study found that postpubertal but nonreproductive offspring rarely produce phee calls when in the home cage with the natal group, yet these marmosets call frequently after pairing with an opposite-sex partner. the su ... | 1999 | 10466575 |
| unipolar brush cells in the cochlear nuclei of a primate (callithrix jacchus). | unipolar brush cells (ubcs) have been recognized in the cerebella of many species including primates. they have also been identified in the cochlear nuclei (cn) of many mammals, however, not in any primate. our immunohistochemical study in the marmoset demonstrates the presence of abundant calretinin immunoreactive (cr-ir) ubcs in the cerebellum, as in other mammals. in the marmoset cn, in contrast, cr-ir ubcs could hardly be identified. the reverse pattern was evident in sections immunostained ... | 1999 | 10462114 |
| unrearable litters and prenatal reduction of litter size in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | it is widely believed that common marmosets (callithrx jacchus) typically give birth to twins under natural conditions. in captivity, however, births of triplets or even larger litters are common, although parents rarely succeed in rearing more than two offspring. the traditional interpretation is that captive conditions, notably the ready availability of food, have led to increased reproductive output, perhaps involving a higher ovulation rate. the present paper provides evidence, combined from ... | 1999 | 10431697 |
| metabolism of adenosine increase in the striatum in common marmoset parkinsonism induced by mptp. | | 1999 | 10410711 |
| the mother's participation in infant carrying in captive groups of leontopithecus chrysomelas and callithrix jacchus. | callithrix and leontopithecus exhibit ecological differences that have implications for the patterns of infant care. in c. jacchus, which uses a small home range because it depends mainly on plant exudates, infants can forage independently early in their life. l. chrysomelas, which feeds mainly on fruits and insects, needs larger home ranges and, therefore, its infants have a more extensive period of dependence. three families of c. jacchus and four families of l. chrysomelas were studied in cap ... | 1999 | 10394063 |
| sexual behavior and extragroup copulations in a wild population of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | sexual behavior and mating patterns are described for 3 free-ranging groups of common marmosets living in a coastal forest in northeastern brazil. each group contained 2 breeding females. within groups, sexual behavior was generally restricted to breeding females and a single behaviorally dominant male. of 101 mounts and copulations, 24 involved pairings of individuals from 2 different groups. extragroup sexual behavior was performed by both breeding and nonbreeding group members, and 65% of all ... | 1999 | 10394062 |
| efficacy and effects of short- and medium-term contraception in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using melengestrol acetate implants. | this study examines the effect of melengestrol acetate (mga) implants on reproductive function and various biochemical parameters, ovarian activity, and uterine morphology in ten female common marmosets implanted for either 6-8 or 19-21 months. measures of body weight, concentrations of urinary glucose and blood liver enzymes were taken. ovarian activity was assessed by analysis of urinary progestin levels and ultrasound examinations of the ovaries. ultrasonography was also used to evaluate uter ... | 1999 | 10372539 |
| the dopamine d3/d2 receptor agonist 7-oh-dpat induces cognitive impairment in the marmoset. | previous work has shown that dopaminergic systems are involved in cognitive function in the common marmoset. the present study investigated the role of dopamine d3 receptors in cognitive performance in the marmoset. the effects of the putative dopamine d3 receptor agonist, 7-oh-dpat, on performance of a same-day reversal visual object discrimination task were assessed using a miniature wisconsin general test apparatus (wgta). within the same test session marmosets acquired a two-choice object di ... | 1999 | 10371648 |
| the effects of spectacle wear in infancy on eye growth and refractive error in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | we made a comprehensive study, involving observations on 45 marmosets, of the effects on ocular growth and refraction of wearing spectacles from the ages of 4-8 weeks. this period was within the period early in life when the eye grows rapidly and refraction changes from hyperopia to its adult value of modest myopia. in one series of experiments we studied the effect of lenses of powers -8, -4, +4 and +8d fitted monocularly. in another series of experiments we studied the effect of lenses of equa ... | 1999 | 10326130 |
| normal development of refractive state and ocular component dimensions in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | refractive state and ocular dimensions were studied longitudinally in nine normal marmosets. animals were anaesthetised and examined (with some exceptions) at 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 24 and 39 weeks of age. cycloplegic retinoscopy showed that hyperopia early in life rapidly diminished. refraction corrected for the artefact of retinoscopy stabilised by 8 weeks of age, but at a slightly myopic value, rather than at emmetropia. the ocular components continued to change throughout the period studied. co ... | 1999 | 10326129 |
| intestinal cryptococcosis in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a five-year-old female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) died after a one-month clinical course of nonspecific signs. pathologic findings were acute diffuse fibrinonecrotizing enteritis and granulomatous endolymphangitis of intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic vessels. both lesions were associated with a marked proliferation of mayer's mucicarmine-positive, 4 to 15 microm yeasts that were surrounded by a wide clear halo. the infection was probably acquired by oral route. other findings include ... | 1998 | 10203010 |
| new hyperprolactinemia and anovulation model in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and effect of cabergoline. | we aimed to develop an anovulation model, using sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia in common marmosets. the serum prolactin level gradually increased during the twice-daily administration of sulpiride and reached a plateau after 4 days. sulpiride produced as big a response at 10 mg kg(-1) as at 50 mg kg(-1). in this study, the length of the ovarian cycle was approximately 30 days in normal common marmosets. serum progesterone and estradiol levels showed no consistent change during the first 2 ... | 1999 | 10096770 |
| age-related changes in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials of the marmoset. | changes in brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) with age were recorded in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) at the age of 1-2, 6-8 and 10-12 years. the auditory function was assessed by thresholds, latencies and amplitudes of baeps evoked by use of tone burst stimulations with audible frequencies ranging from 1 to 99 khz. prolongation of the latencies of later waves was observed in the animals at the age of 6-8 and 10-12 years at high frequencies, suggesting that aging in marmosets, ... | 1999 | 10082292 |
| ingestion of calcium solutions by common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset, is a small new world primate that feeds on insects, fruit, and gum, and has a high reproductive rate for a primate. insects are generally a poor source of dietary calcium, while gums may contain significant levels of calcium. their high reproductive rate also suggests that reproductive female c. jacchus might be susceptible to calcium deficiency. thus, we hypothesized that common marmosets might find solutions containing calcium to be palatable. we used c ... | 1999 | 10075439 |
| the influence of abiotic factors on the onset and cessation of activity of semi-free callithrix jacchus. | the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the period of activity of a single group of south american common marmosets (callithrix jacchus, callitrichidae, primates) was investigated under semi-free conditions. a group of eight members had a territory consisting of a heated wooden hut with a veranda, surrounded by an open area with a few trees (ca. 3.5 m high) and three runways made out of roofing slats, on which feeding places and sleeping boxes were fixed. the food supply was held const ... | 1999 | 10075438 |
| energy intake during reproduction in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | among haplorhine primates, the highly specialized callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins) are expected to have comparatively high reproductive costs, a feature that might be related to the evolution of a cooperative breeding system. costs of reproduction in captivity were investigated on the basis of changes in energy intake and body weight during pregnancy and lactation in pair-living female and male common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). the experimental design had little effect on carrying be ... | 2006 | 10073491 |
| litter size does not interfere with fertility in common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. | | 2006 | 10050067 |
| cross-fostering between two species of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and callithrix penicillata). | cross-fostering technique can be defined as adoption of infants by adults of other species. this phenomenon is poorly investigated because very young animals have few opportunities to interact peacefully with non-conspecific adults, either in captivity or in natural conditions. this study describes the induction of cross-fostering in captivity between white tufted-ear (callithrix jacchus) and black tufted-ear marmosets (callithrix penicillata). we conclude that this technique can be very useful ... | 1998 | 10049101 |
| determinant spreading associated with demyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis. | definition of the immune process that causes demyelination in multiple sclerosis is essential to determine the feasibility of ag-directed immunotherapy. using the nonhuman primate, callithrix jacchus jacchus (common marmoset), we show that immunization with myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein determinants results in clinical disease with significant demyelination. demyelination was associated with spreading to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) determinants that generated anti-mo ... | 1999 | 9973519 |
| behavioral and single chorda tympani taste fiber responses in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus jacchus. | gustatory responses of the common marmoset were studied using single fiber recordings from chorda tympani (ct) nerve and two bottle preference (tbp) tests. hierarchical cluster analysis of 43 fibers' response profiles revealed 3 major clusters of fibers characterized by predominant sensitivity to sweeteners (s cluster), bitter compounds (q cluster) or acids (h cluster). nacl as well as licl did not stimulate ct taste fibers. the tbp tests showed relationship between a compound's ability to stimu ... | 1998 | 9929598 |
| perseveration and strategy in a novel spatial self-ordered sequencing task for nonhuman primates: effects of excitotoxic lesions and dopamine depletions of the prefrontal cortex. | damage to the prefrontal cortex disrupts the performance of self-ordered sequencing tasks, although the precise mechanisms by which this effect occurs is unclear. active working memory, inhibitory control, and the ability to generate and perform a sequence of responses are all putative cognitive abilities that may be responsible for the impaired performance that results from disruption of prefrontal processing. in addition, the neurochemical substrates underlying prefrontal cognitive function ar ... | 1998 | 9869708 |
| lateralized use of the mouth in production of vocalizations by marmosets. | we have found that the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, displays a larger left hemimouth during production of fear expressions, with or without vocalization, and a larger right hemimouth when producing a social contact call. thus, marmosets have right hemisphere specialization for the production of negative emotional expressions and vocalizations and left hemisphere specialization for the production of social contact communication. these hemispheric specializations for social communication i ... | 1998 | 9863680 |
| lectin-binding patterns in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of the common marmoset. | the patterns of expression of sugar residues in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of the common marmoset were studied lectin-histochemically. eight lectins including dba, bsl-i, rca-i, s-wga, pna, ecl, uea-i and con a bound to the free border of the olfactory epithelium, and 6 lectins including dba, rca-i, s-wga, pna, ecl and uea-i bound to that of the vomeronasal organ. uea-i bound to all dendrites of the olfactory receptor cells, and 6 lectins including bsl-i, rca-i, s-wga, pna, e ... | 1998 | 9795901 |
| electrophoretic polymorphisms and their taxonomic implications in callitrichini (primates, platyrrhini). | five hundred forty-three blood samples from 15 populations of the four genera of callitrichin primates were studied electrophoretically. polymorphism and genetic distances were estimated for 20 loci, 13 of which were polymorphic. the lion tamarin (leontopithecus) studied here exhibited the least variability for these loci, while the monospecific cebuella showed the most. the genetic distances observed between callithrix and cebuella genera support previous evidence indicating a close taxonomic r ... | 1998 | 9791719 |
| microsatellite primers for genotyping common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and other callitrichids. | | 1998 | 9787452 |
| diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal steroids in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) females. | the use of fecal steroid analysis to assess gonadal and adrenal function in primates has rapidly increased in recent years due to the ability to collect feces from nonhuman primates living in wild conditions. these techniques offer an exciting new potential for enhancing our knowledge of the endocrine status of free-living animals. prior to using these techniques under field conditions, it is important to determine the diurnal variation of fecal excreted steroids for assessing possible time limi ... | 1998 | 9773674 |
| artificial insemination in callithrix jacchus using fresh or cryopreserved sperm. | assisted reproductive techniques are needed urgently to facilitate the captive breeding of many new world primate species which are endangered in the wild and to assist the effective genetic management of small colonies. a protocol was devised for artificial insemination in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, using ejaculated sperm obtained by vaginal washing after copulation. a double insemination protocol was employed, with the first insemination taking place the day before ovulation was ... | 1998 | 9776489 |
| the common marmoset: a new world primate species with limited mhc class ii variability. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate species that is highly susceptible to fatal infections caused by various strains of bacteria. we present here a first step in the molecular characterization of the common marmoset's mhc class ii genes by nucleotide sequence analysis of the polymorphic exon 2 segments. for this study, genetic material was obtained from animals bred in captivity as well as in the wild. the results demonstrate that the common marmoset has, like other p ... | 1998 | 9751736 |
| unusual case of metabolic bone disease in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | metabolic bone disease was diagnosed in an 11-month-old female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). it was depressed, reluctant to move, and was cachectic and small for its age. laboratory findings included anaemia, azotaemia and an inverse calcium to phosphorus ratio. the radiological findings showed simultaneous signs of osteomalacia and soft-tissue calcification. there was decreased bone density with lytic areas in the pelvis and femur, and severe bilateral nephrocalcinosis. postmortem exami ... | 1998 | 9717224 |
| chronic tvp-1012 (rasagiline) dose--activity response of monoamine oxidases a and b in the brain of the common marmoset. | the stereospecific form of the known acetylenic mechanism-based mao-inhibitor agn1135 (rasagiline, tvp-1012) is devoid of sympathomimetic amphetamine-like properties. to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of subcutaneous injections of tvp-1012 (dose range from 0.01 up to 10 mg/kg for 7 days) the activities of monoamine oxidases a and b (mao-a,-b) were determined in different brain regions of the common marmoset. at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg tvp-1012, almost 80% of mao-b activity is inhibited in a ... | 1998 | 9564627 |
| estimation of gestational ages in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) from published prenatal growth curves. | this report compares estimated gestational ages from published cubic spline curves to gestational ages estimated retrospectively from delivery dates in 28 pregnancies from ten common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). both crl- and bpd-based estimates of gestational age were closely correlated with delivery-based gestational age estimates. of the three ultrasound machines used, the one with 16 shades of gray and a sequential linear array overestimated gestational age during early pregnancy, based o ... | 1998 | 9606040 |
| suppression of cortisol levels in subordinate female marmosets: reproductive and social contributions. | socially subordinate female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have markedly lower plasma cortisol levels than dominant females. subordinate females also undergo hypoestrogenemic anovulation, and estrogen can elevate glucocorticoid levels. therefore, we previously hypothesized that this cortisol difference is mediated by rank-related differences in reproductive hormones, probably estradiol. to test this possibility, we characterized the effects of the ovarian cycle and ovariectomy on plasma c ... | 1998 | 9571014 |
| magnetic resonance imaging of the common marmoset head. | | 2015 | 26042350 |
| changes in lymphoid tissue after treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist in the neonatal marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the effect of neonatal treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) antagonist on the morphology and distribution of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue of the infant marmoset was examined. | 1998 | 9553650 |
| concurrent monitoring of eeg and performance in the common marmoset: a methodological approach. | a model has been developed in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), which should enable the study of long term effects of compounds with potentially psychoactive properties. the technique facilitates concurrent monitoring of both behavioral and electrophysiological parameters while animals remain in their home cages. subjects were trained to perform tests from a neuropsychological test battery (the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery, cantab) in which they ... | 1998 | 9523903 |
| sequences of the primate epsilon-globin gene: implications for systematics of the marmosets and other new world primates. | sequences of the epsilon-globin gene were determined for five species of marmosets, along with approximately 2 kb of 5' flanking sequence. an analysis of these data, compared with those of other primates strongly supports the classification of callithrix jacchus and c. geoffroyi into the jacchus group, and c. argentata and c. mauesi into the argentata group. the pygmy marmoset, formerly identified as cebuella pygmaea joined strongly to the argentata group, indicating that without the pygmy marmo ... | 1997 | 9461380 |
| ultrasonographic and hormonal monitoring of pregnancy in the saddle back tamarin, saguinus fuscicollis. | ultrasonography was used in six saddle back tamarin females (saguinus fuscicollis) to diagnose pregnancy, monitor the patterns of uterine growth and embryonic/foetal development and examine the incidence loss of single embryos/foetuses. pregnancy was reliably diagnosed 17 days after conception, 10 days earlier than by plasma progesterone measurement. the patterns of uterine and embryonic/foetal growth paralleled those reported for the common marmoset, including a delay in embryonic development. ... | 1997 | 9438223 |
| the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia. | to examine whether acute dystonia is induced by neuroleptic treatment, common marmosets were treated with haloperidol orally twice a week over 25 weeks until dystonic behavior was elicited. movement disorders such as acute dystonia were observed 6 weeks after the initial treatment, and had appeared in all treated animals by 25 weeks. once these movement disorders were induced, they consistently reappeared after further treatment with haloperidol, and once haloperidol dosing was discontinued, the ... | 1997 | 9408199 |
| marmoset conspecific confrontation: an ethologically-based model of anxiety. | a method of measuring confrontation-induced behavioural changes in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) together with automated monitoring of locomotor activity has been developed as a possible model of anxiety. recording both affiliative and agonistic behaviours between male/female pairs of marmosets and using diazepam as a reference drug, it has been possible to define a profile of behavioural changes which could be regarded as representing an anxiolytic response. unfamiliar male/female pairs ... | 1997 | 9264075 |
| receptive field dimensions of lateral geniculate cells in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | we measured the spatial receptive field dimensions of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using a bipartite field stimulus in which the two halves of the field were modulated identically but in counterphase. horizontal and vertical edges between the two fields were positioned at different locations in the receptive field. by assuming that centers and surrounds have gaussian profiles, we were able to obtain a satisfactory mathematical descript ... | 1997 | 9578900 |
| effects of click intensity and frequency on the brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) were recorded in 20 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to investigate the effects of click frequency up to 99 khz, in consideration of the higher hearing range of the marmoset, and intensity on wave forms and peak latencies. according to the results of baep recordings at frequencies of 4, 32, and 99 khz, the number of components recorded was affected by the stimulus intensity and the clicks at an intensity of 80 db peak equivalent sound pressure l ... | 1997 | 9271451 |
| spontaneous herpes simplex virus infection in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | | 1997 | 9249183 |
| idiopathic myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia) in a marmoset (callithrix jacchus): hematologic and histopathologic changes. | idiopathic myelofibrosis (imf), or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, was diagnosed in a sexually mature male marmoset (callithrix jacchus) based on the results of hematology and histopathologic evaluation of the bone marrow. the hematologic changes included pancytopenia, leukoerythroblastosis, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and giant platelets. histopathologic evaluation of the bone marrow showed marked widespread fibrosis replacing hematopoietic cells and the presence of atypical megakaryocytes. in ... | 1997 | 9240843 |
| nitric oxide synthase inhibition and mptp-induced toxicity in the common marmoset. | nitric oxide, produced following activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, may be involved in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) toxicity since nmda receptor antagonists have been shown to prevent mptp induced nigral cell loss in primates. common marmosets were treated with either saline or mptp or l-ngnitro arginine methyl ester (l-name) or mptp and l-name. mptp-treated common marmosets showed motor deficits including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor accompanied by ... | 1997 | 9183819 |