| mapping of biological functions on rna of avian tumor viruses: location of regions required for transformation and determination of host range. | a map of the large t1 oligonucleotides of the rna of prague rous sarcoma virus, strain b (pr rsvb) has recently been established (coffin and billeter, submitted for publication). since the rna of rous associated virus, type 1 (rav-1) lacks many of the large 1 oligonucleotides of pr rsv-b and contains others not present in the latter, the rna of recombinants between rav-1 and pr rsv-b could be analyzed with regard to the origin of its sequences. recombinants were selected for transforming capacit ... | 1975 | 174075 |
| chicken neutrophils: oxidative metabolism in phagocytic cells devoid of myeloperoxidase. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from chicken peritoneal exudates have been found to catalyze cyanide-insensitive stimulation of respiration and the hexose monophosphate shunt upon exposure to heat-inactivated staphylococcus aureus. however, there was no demonstrable formate oxidation concomitant with phagocytosis in either the presence or absence of exogenous catalase. moreover, chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes failed to oxidize scopoletin concomitant with phagocytosis in the presence ... | 1975 | 174090 |
| spontaneous tumours in young animals. | | 1975 | 174124 |
| enhancement and interference in chickens inoculated with marek's disease herpesvirus and oncornaviruses. | enhancement of mortality rates and symptomatology was observed in isolator-held lsi-spf chickens concurrently inoculated with mdhv and avian oncornaviruses (rav-1, rav-2, rav-7, rav-50, or rev). interference with md antigen production also was demonstrated in extracts of the feather follicle epithelium from chickens inoculated with both mdhv and rav-1. | 1975 | 174137 |
| [mark's disease: v. experimental behavior of 3 isolates taken place in the country]. | three experiments were designed to determine the parameters of virus infection, antibodies and mortality with three different md isolates inoculated in one day old birds from commercial origin. the animals were divided in three inoculated lots (1-2-3) and three control groups (4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and were followed weekly from hatching through 17 weeks. the former were inoculated respectivelly with fov-6, fcv-8 and fcv-9. each day old bird received between 50-75 fpu/bird by i.p. route. samples were ta ... | 1975 | 174161 |
| [changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hens experimentally infected with pasteurella multocida kokoshki]. | studied were the concentration of blood sugar, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase, and the level of glycogen in the liver of p. multocida infected chickens. an abrupt decrease of the liver glycogen was found as well as a negligible rise of the blood sugar. the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase remained unchanged, and that of glucose-6-dehydrogenase was twice as high. it is concluded that the intense exhaustion of liver glycogen is in connection with the ac ... | 1975 | 174282 |
| myeloid bodies formation in triparanol treated cultured cells. | cultured cells (chicken embryo liver cells and rat embryo fibroblasts) were treated with triparanol (mer-29) for various lengths of time. both types of cells have developed numerous membranous whorls-myeloid bodies in the cytoplasm. various stages in myeloid bodies development are described. acid phosphatase activity was cytochemically demonstrated within the myeloid bodies, indicating their lysosmal nature. this activity appeared only at a late stage of the myeloid bodies formation. | 1975 | 174285 |
| expression of endogenous alv antigens and susceptibility to subgroup e alv in three strains of chickens (endogenous avian c-type virus). | | 1976 | 174298 |
| electron spin resonance spectra of chicken hepatoma and liver tissue. | when studied by electron spin resonance (esr) (swartz et al., 1972), tumorous tissues differ from their normal equivalents in the following aspects: 1. in tumourous tissues the signal measured in the vicinity of the g=2 region of the spectrum is of a smaller amplitude or completely absent (commoner et al., 1954; commoner, ternberg, 1961; mallard, kent, 1964; dodd, 1973). 2. signals attributed to certain paramagnetic metal ions are also decreased (nebert and mason, 1963; swartz et al., 1973). new ... | 1975 | 174376 |
| [studies on the serological differentiation of field virus isolates and the protective action of vaccines in infectious bronchitis]. | | 1976 | 174542 |
| effect of "restricted ovulator" gene on uptake of yolk-precursor protein. | the bulk of the yolk proteins and lipoproteins constituting the yolks of mature oocytes in birds are synthesized by the liver and transported via the plasma to the oocytes where they are incorporated by micropinocytosis. evidence is presented indicating that oocytes of hens possessing a mutation identified by jones, briles, and schjeide as a "restricted ovulator gene" fail to incorporate normal amounts and proportions of low density lipoproteins, lipovitellin and possible other proteins making u ... | 1976 | 174819 |
| high affinity binding of dexamethasone to chicken plasma proteins: some characteristics of chicken corticosteroid binding globulin. | | 1976 | 174864 |
| effect of in vitro adaptation of marek's disease virus on pock induction on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. | cell-associated preparations of several isolates of marek's disease virus produced more pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs than plaques in duck embryo fibroblasts, thus indicating that lesion response in eggs was more sensitive than cytopathic response in duck embryo fibroblasts for assaying low-passage marek's disease virus. adaptation of the virus to cell cultures by serial passages, however, substantially reduced its pock response so that the titer ratio (plaque ... | 1976 | 175018 |
| lack of correlation between marena tumor induction and expression of endogenous avian rna tumor virus genome. | infection with marek's disease virus (mdv) and subsequent tumor development failed to induce the expression of endogenous avian rna tumor virus genome in line-15i and line-7 chickens which lacked such expression at 1 day of age. titers of avian leukosis virus (alv) group-specific (gs) antigen detected by the cofal test and expression of chick helper factor (chf) activity remained relatively constant in birds which expressed these genome functions at hatching time. endogenous alv belonging to the ... | 1976 | 175029 |
| fibroblast surface antigen (sf): the external glycoprotein lost in proteolytic stimulation and maligant transfromation. | it was previously shown that the fibroblast surface antigen (sf antigen, sfa) is composed of polypeptides of high molecular weight 210,000 (sf210) and 145,000 (sf145) and that both of these decrease in quantity after transformation of the fibroblasts by rous sarcoma virus (rsv). the present experiments show that sf210 is a glycoprotein. it is accessible to surface labelling by lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination. the sf210 molecule is highly susceptible to trypsin on cell surface. anti-sfa anti ... | 1976 | 175031 |
| viruses harboured in blasts of the rat myelogenous leukemia (rba-le), induced by chicken sarcoma virus. | it was shown that the rat myelogenous leukemia rba-le harbours three kinds of viruses. 1. rat leukemogenic virus, which can be recovered from leukemic cells, medium of cultured leukemic cells and the plasma of leukemic rats. about 12% of rats inoculated when newborn with the recovered virus developed leukemia. 2. chicken sarcoma virus, which seems to have a lowered infectivity or altered host range as the b77(rbi) virus by which this leukemia had been induced. 3. a cytopathic, hemagglutinating v ... | 1975 | 175303 |
| induction of smon-type virus form avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | smon-type virus which shows different host range was induced from ilt virus under unsuitable culture conditions for the growth of the parental ilt virus, such as cultivation in cam of 12-day-old eggs or cultivation in chk cells at 32 degrees. furthermore, it was induced from ilt virus by mutagenesis by either brdu or ng in chk cell cultures. | 1976 | 175380 |
| intrathyroidal amines in the regulation of thyroid activity. | | 1975 | 175428 |
| an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (ibd) of chickens in nigeria. | | 1975 | 175539 |
| [serum lysozyme activity in chicks vaccinated against infectious laryngotracheitis via inhalation]. | | 1975 | 175541 |
| [detection of the pathogenicity of the leukosis virus in 2 lines of chickens]. | | 1975 | 175548 |
| [study of prolonged storage of the rous sarcoma virus]. | | 1975 | 175549 |
| [dermatofollicular method of vaccination of chickens against newcastle disease and pox]. | | 1975 | 175550 |
| [new cell lines and the adaptation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus to them]. | | 1975 | 175552 |
| [development of poliovirus infection in laboratory animals of different species]. | the capacity of vaccine and virulent strains of poliomyelitis virus to multiply in laboratory animals of different species was studied. virus reproduction was judged by formation of photoresistant virus progeny in response to inoculation of the animals with photosensitized virus. multiplication of virulent poliomyelitis virus strains observed in the majority of animal species examined (monkeys, newborn and adult cotton rats, newborn and adult white mice, chickens, chick embryos) resulted in acti ... | 1975 | 175580 |
| [pathogenesis of neural lesions in marek's disease. ii. transmission of neural lesions by spleen cells from ill donors (author's transl) ]. | viable spleen lymphocytes of 13 chickens with clinical and histological signs of marek's disease were transferred by intravenous injection to 46 chickens 4-10 days old, x-rayed 24 hours before inoculation. histologically marek-like neural lesions were almost regularly observed in the chickens after 6-14 days. chickens having received destroyed spleen lymphocytes of marek-donors were free of nerve infiltrations. there were also no neural lesions detectable within 14 days after application of path ... | 1975 | 175595 |
| in vitro transformation of chicken bone marrow cells with avian erythroblastosis virus. | an in vitro transformation of bone marrow cells has been demonstrated for two strains of avian erythroblastosis virus (aev-r and aev-es4). the transformed cells were indistinguishable from in vivo transformed erythroblasts in morphology and staining characteristics and could be propagated to large numbers. the transformation efficiency could be greatly increased by the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso). the number of foci appearing in the presence of dmso was proportional to the virus concent ... | 1975 | 175599 |
| serologic examination of birds from the area of southern moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, bunyamwera supergroup, and the virus yaba 1-lednice 110. i. domestic fowls. | 196 geese, 141 ducks, and 100 hens from 9 localities of the south moravian region (district of breclav) were examined by means of the haemagglutination-inhibition test (hit) for the presence of antibodies against 12 arbovirus antigens of the groups alfavirus (western equine encephalitis (wee), eastern equine encephalitis (eee), semliki, sindbis, chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong), flavovirus (tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), dengue and west nile virus (wn), bunyamwera supergroup (tahna and beta calovo), ... | 1975 | 175616 |
| [the effect of arecoline on the structure of sleep and wakefulness in hens]. | in chronic experiments on hens, studies have been made on the role of cholinergic mechanisms in regulation of the cycles "awakefulness-sleep". a cholinomimetic, arecoline, was used which stimulates m-cholinoreceptive brain neurons. arecoline was injected intramuscularly in a dose 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. it was shown that cholinergic mechanisms are involved into the formation of "awakefulness-sleep" cycles in hens. activation of these mechanisms facilitates paradoxical stage of sleep and expeci ... | 1975 | 175619 |
| renal carcinogenesis. | | 1975 | 175645 |
| fine structure of the pancreatic islets in domestic fowl with special reference to the cell type and secretion. | the pancreatic islets of domestic fowl were investigated by electron microscope. the following results were obtained. 1. the a islet is composed of a great many a cells and a few d cells. it also contained only a few b cells which are situated mainly along capillaries. 2. on the contrary, the b islet is composed of a great many b cells and a few d cells. it also contained only a few a cells in its periphary. 3. immature secretory granules within the golgi complex are almost the same in size, sha ... | 1975 | 175756 |
| [the specificity of intracellular changes in chick embryo blastoderm during the latent period of embryogenesis]. | yolk inclusions, lipids and polysaccharides found in the chicken embryo blastoderm cells are utilized during the latent period of embryogenesis. the yolk outside the blastoderm is not utilized. a delay in the development of the embryo of first days of incubation is related to a switching over the metabolism from utilizaiton of intracellular nutrient material to assimilation of the extracellular yolk. in the course of morphogenetical movements of the embryo, in the process of gastrulation, took p ... | 1976 | 175769 |
| the biology and mechanism of steroid hormone receptor interaction with the eukaryotic nucleus. | | 1976 | 175801 |
| isolation and characterization of the major apolipoprotein from chicken high density lipoproteins. | high density lipoproteins were isolated from plasma of white leghorn hens by ultracentrifugal flotation between densities 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml. after delipidation, the lipid-free proteins were fractionated by chromatography on sephadex g-150 in urea; one major apolipoprotein was isolated and characterized. from its chemical, physical and immunochemical properties, the major apoprotein from hen high-density lipoproteins has characteristics similar to the major apoprotein of human high density lip ... | 1976 | 175837 |
| an epr study of myeloperoxidase in human granulocytes. | 1. epr spectra of human granulocytes (4 - 10(8) cells per ml) show an intense high-spin ferric heme signal with rhombic symmetry (gx = 6.90 and gy = 5.07) for the heme group. these g-values are identical to those of partially purified myeloperoxidase and thus the signal is derived from ferric myeloperoxidase. in chicken granulocytes, which contain little or no myeloperoxidase, only an axial type of heme iron signal, weak in intensity, can be detected at g = 6.0. 2. upon phagocytosis of latex par ... | 1976 | 175846 |
| the epidemiology of avian lymphoid leukosis. | avian lymphoid leukosis can be induced by lymphoid leukosis viruses belonging to subgroups a, b, c, and d. the endogenous virus of the chicken (rous-associated virus type 0) belongs to subgroup e and has little, if any, potential for inducing lymphoid leukosis. nearly all chicken flocks are infected with subgroup a lymphoid leukosis virus. this virus can be transmitted from dam to offspring or by contact with infected birds. early infection, either by congential means, or soon after hatching, le ... | 1976 | 175917 |
| immune response to oncornaviruses and tumor-associated antigens in the chicken. | two principal virus-directed antigens have been identified on the surface of oncornavirus-infected chick embryo cells. one is identical with the major virus type-specific envelope antigen, which is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 85,000. the 2nd antigen (tumor-specific cell surface antigen) is specific for transformed cells, i.e., absent from productively infected but nontransformed cells. this antigen has been identified as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 100,000 and was not ... | 1976 | 175920 |
| experimental models for dna-rna viral interactions: a brief review. | evidences that demonstrate or imply the occurrence of dna-rna viral interactions in man and animals are reviewed. the concurrent presence of two dissimilar oncogenic viruses influenced responses both in vivo and in vitro. cell-mediated immune responses to marek's disease herpesvirus were altered in specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated as embryos with an avian leukosis virus. the possible roles of immunological factors in the pathogenesis and control of tumor development associated with dna ... | 1976 | 175924 |
| natural mechanisms of controlling lymphotropic herpesvirus infection (marek's disease) in the chicken. | four categories of natural resistance phenomena against mareks disease in chickens, i.e., maternal antibody, age resistance, genetic resistance, and natural immunization, are described. in nature, these forms of resistance probably act in concert through comlex interrelationships. the mechanisms are not well understood but include humoral immunity (maternal antibody), cell-mediated immunity, and possibly other mechanisms. the possible role of newly discovered tumor-specific antigens in cell-medi ... | 1976 | 175926 |
| cytochrome p-450 and adrenodoxin in adrenal mitochondrial fractions of several lower vertebrates. | | 1976 | 175993 |
| studies on hyaluronic acid. v. relationship between the protein content and viscosity of rooster comb dermis hyaluronic acid. | protein accounted for an average of 8.7% w/w of the hyaluronic acid obtained from rooster comb dermis extracts and three types of peptide constituents appeared to be present. a few collagen-like fibers were closely associated with the hyaluronic acid when samples were examined in the electron microscope and collagenase treatment decreased the intrinsic viscosity from 7000-5000 ml/g to 3900-2700 ml/g. the quantities of collagen present, however, were too small to detect chemically with the method ... | 1975 | 176005 |
| myogenic defect in muscular dystrophy of the chicken. | | 1976 | 176072 |
| comparison of a microneutralization test in cell culture and virus neutralization test in embryonated eggs for determining infectious bronchitis virus antibodies. | a microneutralization test (mnt) system utilizing cytopathic effect end points was effective in determing neutralization indexes for infectious bronchitis virus antibodies. the system is reproducible within 1 index unit at the 95% level of probability. comparison of the mnt to tests in eggs resulted in a positive correlation (b =0.81), which was significant (p greater than 0.01). the quantitative dose-response relationship of the mnt is linear (p greater than 0.005), with the 95% prediction limi ... | 1976 | 176174 |
| infection of the chicken with an avian adenovirus and myocoplasma gallisepticum. | | 1976 | 176183 |
| antibody response to related leukosis viruses induced in chickens tolerant to an avian leukosis virus. | white leghorn chickens congenitally infected with a subgroup a avian leukosis virus alv-f42 were challenged at various ages with the serologically related subgroup a avian leukosis viruses (alv) rav-1, rav-3, and rav-5 and their antibody responses and viremic status determined. birds given injections of rav-1 failed to produce neutralizing antibody to any of the pseudotype sarcoma viruses of the various alv, whereas many birds challenged with rav-3 or rav-5 produced neutralizing antibody directe ... | 1976 | 176386 |
| effect of phosphonoacetate on marek's disease virus replication. | phosphonoacetate (pa), but not any of its analogues tested, effectively inhibited avian herpesvirus replication and viral dna synthesis in cell cultures. at 100 mug/ml culture medium, pa completely inhibited the replication of marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys, and owl herpesvirus, but had no measurable effect on normal cell growth. pa also inhibited dna polymerases induced by these avian viruses. enzyme inhibition was 50% at a pa concentration of 0.2 mug/ml. at a concentration ... | 1976 | 176410 |
| rate of virus-specific rna synthesis in synchronized chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian leukosis virus. | the rate of avian leukosis virus (alv)-specific rna synthesis has been examined in bot- uninfected and alv-infected synchronized chicken embryo fibroblasts. rna from cells labeled for 2h with [3h]uridine was hybridized with avian myeloblastosis virus poly(dc)-dna, and the hybridized rna was analyzed with poly(i)-spephadex chromatography. approximately 0.5% of the rna synthesized in alv-infected cells was detected as virus specific, and no more than a twofold variation in the rate of synthesis wa ... | 1976 | 176421 |
| lack of infectivity of the endogenous avian leukosis virus-related genes in the dna of uninfected chicken cells. | the infectivity of the avian leukosis virus-related genes in the dna of four genetically distinct types of chicken cells was determined. infectious dna of rous-associated virus-o(rav-o) was obtained from v- chicken cells which were experimentally infected with rav-o and from v+tvbs chicken cells, which spontaneously produced rav-o and were sensitive to exogenous rav-o infection. however, infectious dna of rav-o was not obtained from uninfected v- chicken cells or from v+tvbr chicken cells, which ... | 1976 | 176424 |
| cellular protein synthesis shutoff by mengovirus: translation of nonviral and viral mrna's in extracts from uninfected and infected ehrlich ascites tumor cells. | the mechanism whereby picornaviruses inhibit host protein synthesis while their own synthetic processes proceed unabated has remained elusive. one of our approaches to this problem was to study the ability of cell-free extracts derived from uninfected and mengovirus-infected ehrlich ascites tumor cells to translate viral and nonviral mrna's under various conditions of incubation. our results indicate that viral messengers (from mengovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus) and cellular messengers [ ... | 1976 | 176460 |
| structural and growth characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus. | the infectious bursal disease virus is not enveloped and has a diameter of 60 nm and a density of about 1.32 g/ml. it contains two pieces of single-stranded rna with molecular weights close to 2 x 10(6). the capsid is made up of four major polypeptides with molecular weights of 110,000, 50,000, 35,000, and 25,000. the virus replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts rather than in epitheloid cells. after an eclipse period of 4 h, virus production reaches a maximum about 12 h later. the virus has n ... | 1976 | 176463 |
| cooperative transformation studies with temperature-sensitive mutants of rous sarcoma virus. | stocks of rous sarcoma virus bryan strain were mutagenized using a bromodeoxyuridine treatment immediately after infection. thirty temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective in transformation (td) were isolated by a replica plating technique. twenty of these mutants were preliminarily characterized and found to be defective in late functions related to transformation. these mutants were used in experiments of cooperative transformation with four prague strain td ts mutants of different co-tran ... | 1976 | 176468 |
| dna related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian dna. | | 1976 | 176594 |
| ascorbate inhibition of 6-aminonicotinamide teratogenesis in chicken embryos. | chicken eggs of 4 or 6 days of incubation were injected with 10 mug 6-aminonicotinamide (6-an) or 6-an plus various doses of sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, or ascorbic acid; 11-day embryos were examined grossly and histologically. 6-an-treated embryos had various degrees of micromelia and were reduced in overall size. all three ascorbates inhibited 6-an teratogenesis but not completely. the extent of inhibition was dose related. increased amounts of intercellular matrix and decreased necro ... | 1976 | 176744 |
| cellular fatty acids during fowlpox virus infection of three different host systems. | | 1976 | 176806 |
| [the relationship between the mechanisms of transmission and the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections]. | | 1975 | 176850 |
| current models of steroid hormone action: a critique. | in this review, we have traced the path of estradiol from its entry into the cell to the time of its release from the receptor. we feel that all of the current models are limited in one respect or another. we have examined most critically those currently most in vogue. the entry of estradiol into the cell is widely assumed to be simply a matter of diffusion. we have highlighted data that suggest the existence of a protein-mediated transport, but feel that the available data are too limited to ma ... | 1976 | 176920 |
| the use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the isolation and assay of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a study has been made of the use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the isolation and assay of avian infectious bronchitis (aib) virus from both naturally and experimentally infected chickens. six strains of aib virus were investigated, 3 of which had been isolated from natural outbreaks of disease. two of the virus isolations from the outbreaks of aib were made directly into tracheal organ cultures without passage in embryonated eggs. organ cultures prepared from 20-day-old embryos were use ... | 1976 | 176965 |
| the oncogenic potential of some avian adenoviruses causing diseases in chickens. | the oncogenic potentials of three different strains of avian adenoviruses (the tipton strain of the inclusion body hepatitis virus, the dpi-2, and the indiana c viruses) were investigated in newborn hamsters. animal inoculations were via two routes, subcutaneous and intracerebral. all three viruses proved nononcogenic for the hamsters observed over a period of 225 days. however, lesions of hepatitis similar to those of inclusion body hepatitis of chickens were seen in three hamsters inoculated w ... | 1976 | 176986 |
| identification of seven isolants of infectious bronchitis virus by interference with the b-1 isolant of newcastle disease virus. | seven isolants of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) interfered with the development of hemagglutinins (ha) by the b-1 isolant of newcaslte disease virus (ndv) in eggs previously inoculated with these ibv isolants. the i50 [defined as the minimum amount of ibv needed to produce, upon inoculation in embryonating chicken eggs (ece), ha interference in 50% of these ece reioculated 10 hr later with 10(2,41 eid50 (ha) of the b-1 strain of ndv] was less than 1 eid50. the interference was considered spe ... | 1976 | 176988 |
| new strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in maine. | twelve ibv isolants from diseased chickens in maine were studied by serum-neutralization tests in chicken tracheal culture. six isolants were neutralized by mass-type antisera. the serum-neutralizing characteristics of six other isolants from vaccine breaks differed from any of the standard ibv viruses and appear to comprise three new strains, maine 209, 212,and 246. the data provide additional evidence that strains of ibv responsible for disease probably vary from region to region and that the ... | 1976 | 176989 |
| cross-protection studies with a holland strain (noblis h-52) of infectious bronchitis virus. | | 1976 | 176990 |
| immunity to infectious bronchitis virus from spray vaccination with derivatives of a holland strain. | study was made of the protection of chickens from spray vaccination with different modifications of a holland (h) strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). noted in each trial were the virus-serum-neutralizing antibody titers induced and the virulence of the vaccine virus at different passage levels. protection against respiratory signs was good from challenge with a homologous virus serotype as well as with 5 heterologous ibv isolates. this occurred from vaccinating day-old chicks possessing ... | 1976 | 176991 |
| isolation and identification of a turkey respiratory adenovirus. | a virus with physical and biological characteristics of an adenovirus was isolated from turkey poults with respiratory disease. the virus was ether-resistant and incorporated [3h] thymidine. electron microscopy revealed virions of icosahedral configuration, approximately 78 nm in diameter, within the nuclei of infected cells. the virus produced cytopathology in turkey kidney cells, but did not produce observable disease when inoculated into commercial turkey poults or specific-pathogen-free embr ... | 1976 | 176992 |
| the influence of thymectomy on rous sarcoma regression. | the incidence of regression of wing-web tumors induced by rous sarcoma virus was shown to be dependent on the quantity of thymus tissue remaining after neonatal thymectomy in chickens of inbred line 6. frequency of metastasis was associated negatively with the amount of thymus tissue present. tumor regression and metastasis restriction both appeared dependent on the quantity of thymic tissue present. | 1976 | 176993 |
| effects of cholecalciferol on the translocation of calcium by non-everted chick ileum in vitro. | an apparatus is described that allows perfusion of a non-everted segment of intestine in vitro and the study of the accumulation of substances within the mucosal cells. the translocation of ca(2+) by rachitic-chick ileum and the effect of pretreatment with cholecalciferol was investigated, with the following conclusions. (1) entry of ca(2+) across the microvilli into mucosal cells is by diffusion; it does not require metabolic energy or the presence of any other inorganic ions. (2) pretreatment ... | 1975 | 177000 |
| steroid hormone receptor fraction stimulation of rna synthesis: a caution. | | 1976 | 177017 |
| biologic effects of short-term phenobarbital treatment on the response to vitamin d and its metabolites in the chick. | | 1976 | 177022 |
| stimulation of cartilage macromolecule synthesis by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. | the role of cyclic amp in the regulation of cartilage macromolecule synthesis in vitro was studied in pelvic cartilage from 10-12 day chick embryos. incubation of cartilages in medium containing 0.5 mm cyclic amp resulted in a 30% inhibition of 35so4-2, [3h]leucine and [3h]uridine incorporation into proteoglycan, total protein and rna, respectively. higher concentrations of cyclic amp had no greater effects. in contrast, butyrylated cyclic amp derivatives (0.5-5.0 mm) added to the incubation med ... | 1976 | 177055 |
| interferon induction by a tumoral dna in an homologous culture system. | the interferon induction by rous sarcoma dna in an homologous culture system and a further insight of its kinetics and antimetabolites action were the principal aim of the present study. there was a direct relation between the dose of the inducer and the protection against the cytoplathogenic effect of the challenging virus (vsv) reaching the highest activity (68-75% cpe inhibition) with 100 mug rs-dna. the kinetics of the induction revealed a peak inhibition by 18 hours after the inducer. treat ... | 1975 | 177113 |
| epizootiology of infectious laryngotracheitis in british columbia 1971-1973. | | 1976 | 177165 |
| renal neoplastic response to leukosis virus strains bai a (avian myeloblastosis virus) and mc29. | previous reports described the induction of avian renal neoplasms by leukosis virus strains bai a [avian myeloblastosis virus (amv)] and mc29, and illustrated morphological characteristics of the tumors. continued studies in this work confirm evidence of the origin of the tumors from embryonal cells residual in the posthatched chick. the work further emphasizes differences in histopathology of the neoplasms caused by the two viruses and reveals differences in the histopathogenesis of the respect ... | 1976 | 177194 |
| immunodeficiency in the chicken. iv. an immunological study of infectious bursal disease. | chickens inoculated orally with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) 1 day after hatching subsequently showed a 50% incidence of immunodeficiency but little mortality. antibody responses against ibdv and to immunization with sheep red blood cells (srbc) or human serum albumin (hsa) were suppressed. serum igg concentration was decreased while igm occurred exclusively in its 7s monomeric form (migm). an allotypic marker of chicken igm (mla) was lacking in migm derived from ibdv-infected birds. t ... | 1976 | 177236 |
| correspondence section: regression lines and correlations. | | 1976 | 177244 |
| serological comparison of french wd-42 enterovirus isolate with bovine winter dysentery in new york state. | forty-eight acute and convalescent paired serums from 10 dairy cattle herds naturally infected with winter dysentery and 10 paired serums from laboratory infected heifers were tested for antibody to bovine enterovirus wd-42 which reportedly reproduced the disease syndrome in france. only 3 naturally infected and 1 experimentally infected animals had 2-fold antibody responses. no clinical symptoms were observed in 2 steers inoculated with wd-42. each had a 4-fold or greater antibody response to t ... | 1976 | 177248 |
| [comparative studies on avian encephalomyelitis virus strains from chickens and turkeys]. | | 1975 | 177258 |
| [ultrastructure of the lymphocytic nucleus under the effect of phytohemagglutinin stimulation]. | the author presents a review of the literature, in which he describes the blast transformation of lymphocytes, induced by lectines, as a proper model for examining the metabolic and connected with them morphological changes in cellular activation. the literature connected with the basic achievements in examining the ultrastructure of the interphase nucleus is also described. the author presents his studies on the dynamic changes, occuring in the nucleus in the course of the blast transformation, ... | 1975 | 177261 |
| an analysis of the mode of action of carbachol on the chick biventer cervicis nerve--muscle preparation. | the mechanism of contracture evoked by carbachol in the isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve--muscle preparation was studied. at concentrations lower than 11 mum, carbachol progressively induced contracture at a rate much slower than did acetylcholine. a spontaneous increase of the response to carbachol, but not to acetylcholine, was observed 2-4 hr after isolation of the muscle. by contrast, no change of the response occurred in the denervated muscle. anticholinesterase treatment shifted the ... | 1976 | 177299 |
| purification and properties of an avian prolactin. | | 1975 | 177329 |
| the function of the nucleolus in the expression of genetic information: studies with hybrid animal cells. | | 1976 | 177380 |
| increased intestinal chromatin template activity. influence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 and hormone-receptor complexes. | 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 administration to rachitic chicks results in an increase in the chromatin template activity of intestinal target tissue assayed in vitro using escherichia coli rna polymerase. the maximum stimulation of template capacity was 12 to 20% over control values and occurred 2 hours after administration of the sterol. this rapid effect preceded the biologic response to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in the intestine and was not observed in other tissues such as liver or kidn ... | 1976 | 177412 |
| localization of antibacterial activity and hydrolytic enzymes in subcellular fractions of rabbit and chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rabbits and chickens after homogenization in 0.34 m saccharose or after multiple freezing and thawing were subjected to differential centrifugation at 150, 800, 10 000 and 50 000 x g. in the fractions obtained in this manner, total bactericidal activity as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase (e.c. 1. 11. 1. 7), catalase (e.c. 1.11.1.6), lysozyme (e.c. 3.2.1.17), cathepsin d (e.c. 3.4.4.23) and e, beta-d-glucuronidase (e.c. 3.2.1.31) and acid phosphatase (e.c. ... | 1976 | 177706 |
| deposition of lipids in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems of the chicken. | | 1976 | 177735 |
| the effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol on the growth of bordetella pertussis in chick tracheal organ culture. | among various metabolic inhibitors tested, only 2, 4-dinitrophenol inhibited the growth of bordetella pertussis in chick tracheal organ culture at concentrations nontoxic both for bacterial organisms and for ciliary motility of the tracheal fragments. although this effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol was reversible in its early stage, longer treatment with this inhibitor resulted in an irreversible inhibition of bacterial growth due to secondary damage of the tracheal fragments. from these observations ... | 1975 | 177795 |
| susceptibility of chickens to avian encephalomyelitis virus. ii. behavior of the virus in day-old chicks. | the vr strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus, which had been adapted to embryonated hen's eggs, was inoculated into 2-day-old chicks by the subcutaneous route (10(2.5) approximately 10(3.0) eid50) or by the oral route (10(4.8) eid50). the chicks were examined chronologically for the distribution of the virus in the body. as a result, minute amounts of the virus were detected from the liver, spleen, pancreas, and muscle at the site of inoculation one day after inoculation and various amounts fr ... | 1976 | 177891 |
| pathogenicity for chicks of line cells from lymphoma of marek's disease. | pathogenicity for chicks of the msb-1 line, a cell line derived from the tumorous tissue of a chick with marek's disease (md) and established by akiyama & kato, was studied. five groups, including a control one, of 20 chicks each were inoculated with 1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) and no cells of a 180-day culture of the cell line at one day of age. they were housed all together in an isolation unit. an attempt was first made successfully to isolate md virus (mdv) directly in culture ... | 1976 | 177892 |
| synthetic hexapeptide substrates and inhibitors of 3':5'-cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase. | the substrate specificity of the catalytic subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle 3': 5'-cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (ec 2.7.1.37; atp: protein phosphotransferase) has been studied using the synthetic peptide arg-gly-tyr-ser-leu-gly corresponding to the sequence around serine 24, a phosphorylation site in reduced, carboxymethylated, maleylated (rcmm) chicken egg white lysozyme. this peptide served as a substrate for the enzyme and exhibited a 6-fold higher vmax and a 100-fold higher km than r ... | 1976 | 177970 |
| proliferation of rous sarcoma virus-infected, but not of normal, chicken fibroblasts in oxygen-enriched environment: preliminary report. | both normal and rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken fibroblasts proliferate in an incubator containing 95% air, 5% co2. in an incubator atmosphere enriched with oxygen, however, the normal fibroblasts are maintained without proliferation, while the rous sarcoma virus-infected fibroblasts continue to proliferate. this suggests that a respiratory function may be involved in the regulation of proliferation of normal cells, and that neoplastic cells may proliferate autonomously because of a deficien ... | 1976 | 177983 |
| epiphyseal cartilage cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase: partial purification and kinetic characteristics of multiple enzymes. | partial purification of chicken epiphyseal pde activity by centrifugation and column chromatography has defined two distinct peaks of pde activity. the faster eluting peak (i) has a higher apparent km for cyclic amp than the slower eluting major peak (iis and ii). peak i has greater activity towards cyclic amp as a substrate than towards cyclic gmp but does use both substrates. peak i is not inhibited by t-3 or indomethacin at physiological concentrations. substrates studies demonstrate the pres ... | 1976 | 177990 |
| the effect of enterotoxin of clostridium welchii (perfringens) type a on fowls. | lethal doses of enterotoxin of clostridium welchii (perfringens) type a injected intravenously into young fowls caused immediate lassitude, with partial recovery, followed by death seven to 35 h after inoculation. lesions found were ascites, hydropericardium, oedema of the muscles, hepatic congestion, urate deposits on the peritoneum and the pericardium, and intestinal hyperaemia. sublethal doses produced no clinical signs or lesion. the ld50 of this enterotoxin was 74-84 mug/kg of body weight. | 1976 | 178036 |
| [determination of sulphydryl and disulphide groups in proteins by amperometric titration. iii. investigation of the specifity of ag+ ions for protein sh groups (author's transl)]. | the specifity of ag+ ions for protein sh groups has been questioned frequently, even though the amperometric titration with agno3 is one of the most common methods for the determination of sh groups in proteins. this is due to the fact, that the formation of silver complexes in the titration of cysteine causes a consumption of agno3 which is too high. in order to find out if this may be true in the case of proteins, in the present work select proteins with a well known content of sh and ss group ... | 1975 | 178121 |
| characterization of the parathyrin receptor in renal plasma membranes by labelled hormone and labelled antibody binding techniques. | the parathyrin receptor in renal cortex has been investigated by studying the binding of 125i-labelled parathyrin, or of unlabelled parathyrin detected with 125i-labelled antibodies, to a partially purified plasma membrane fraction. the kinetics of hormone uptake demonstrated a biphasic response in both systems at 22 degrees c but this phenomenon was not detectable at 37 degrees c. specific displacement of lactoperoxidase labelled 125i-labelled parathyrin occurred with 8 ng unlabelled bovine par ... | 1976 | 178366 |
| studies on phosphoglyceromutase from chicken breast muscle: number and reactivity of sulfhydryl groups. | phosphoglyceromutase (pgm) from chicken breast muscle was titrated with p-mercuribenzoate (pmb), 5,5'-dithiobisnitrobenzoate (nbs2), n-ethylmaleimide (nem), iodoacetate and iodoacetamide. the effect of all of the sulfhydryl reagents, with the exception of nem was to cause a loss in enzymatic activity. addition of kcn following reaction with nbs2 resulted in the recovery of a small amount of enzymatic activity. in the absence of substrate (3-phosphoglyceric acid) or cofactor (2,3-diphosphoglyceri ... | 1976 | 178418 |
| impaired host defense against xc cell-induced tumors in thymectomized and in bursectomized chickens. | xc cells originally derived from the tumor of a rat previously inoculated with the prague strain of rous sarcoma virus were used to induce tumors in chickens surgically thymectomized or bursectomized in the newly hatched period. thymectomized chickens had a significantly higher incidence of tumors, larger tumors, and a higher tumor mortality, compared with control chickens, when both groups were given 5 x 10(6) xc cells into the wing webs. bursectomy could significantly influence the tumor size ... | 1976 | 178428 |
| modified hemolytic plaque technique for the detection of bluetongue virus antibody-forming cells. | a hemolytic plaque assay was developed for the detection of antibody-forming cells to bluetongue virus (btv). sheep erythrocytes (srbc), onto which btv had been absorbed, served as the indicator of lysis due to the presence of btv antibody-forming cells. the ratio of btv to srbc was found to be critical for optimum hemolytic plaque formation. for routine use, 50 mul of 12% btv srbc, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated o ... | 1976 | 178602 |
| localization of the major group-specific protein (p27) of avian tumor viruses by immunofluorescence in chicken cells and tissues. | an immunofluorescence technique was developed for the major group-specific (gs) p27 antigen of avian type c viruses. the localization of this antigen virus-infected in chick embryo fibroblasts was perinuclear, intracytoplasmic and at the cell surface in the majority of the cells, while it was at the cell surface only in some of the cells. no antigen was found in the nucleus. when chickens were experimentally infected with rav-1 or a wild-strain avian leukosis virus (of subgroup a), the viral gs ... | 1975 | 178623 |
| use of biological characteristics to type herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in diagnostic laboratories. | fifty clinical isolates of herpesvirus hominis were typed by pock size on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes, sensitivity to heparin, and plaque formation on chicken embryo cell cultures. of 19 isolates that were typed serologically, there was 100% concordance with respect to plaque formation. pock size was incorrect in one instance and indeterminate in another. heparin sensitivity was incorrect for one. of 31 strains that were only biologically characterized, there were four for which hep ... | 1976 | 178688 |
| experimental panencephalitis induced in suckling mice, by parainfluenza type 1 (6/94) virus, ii. virologic studies. | 6/94 virus, a parainfluenza type 1 isolate from multiple sclerosis brain tissue, produced a chronic panencephalitis when inoculated intracerebrally into suckling icr mice. immunofluorescent staining revealed 6/94 viral antigen in ependyma, meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular parenchymal sites from day 3 to 128 days after infection. hemadsorption-neutralizing antibody was first detected between 20-25 days after infection and remained at high titers for 7 months. using embryonated chicken e ... | 1976 | 178834 |
| biological activity of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in chicks and rats. | the ability of 24r, 25- and 24s, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to stimulate intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in chicks was measured. enhancement of intestinal calcium transport by 325 or 130 nmoles of either compound was maximal by 24 hours. the effects of these compounds on bone calcium mobilization were also maximal by 24 to 36 hours. when lower doses were tested, 2 nmoles of the 24r, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol significantly stimulated intestinal calcium transport, whe ... | 1976 | 178843 |
| an adrenergic mechanism for visual neuroregulation. | studies of the diffuse electroretinogram (erg) and evoked reponses in the optic lobe in the baby chick have shown that epinephrine produces changes in both. epinephrine produces enhancement of the a-wave and depression of the b- and d-waves in both intact and isolated eyes. in the optic lobe it produces enhancement of both components of the evoked response. the presence of epinephrine in the vertebrate retina and the optic lobe of chicks suggests that these changes may reflect the involvement of ... | 1975 | 178882 |
| synethesis and integration of viral dna in chicken cells at different time after infection with various multiplicities of avian oncornavirus. | to see if integration of the provirus resulting from rna tumor virus infection is limited to specific sites in the cell dna, the variation in the number of copies of virus-specific dna produced and integrated in chicken embryo fibroblasts after rav-2 infection with different multiplicities has been determined at short times, long times, and several transfers after infection. the number of copies of viral dna in cells was determined by initial hybridization kinetics of single-stranded viral compl ... | 1976 | 178885 |