| geraniinic acid derivative from the leaves of phyllanthus reticulatus. | chemical constituents as well as cytotoxic and insecticidal activity of the crude methanol extract from the leaves of phyllanthus reticulatus poir. (euphorbiaceae) were investigated. (5r*,6r*)-4,6-dimethoxycarbonyl-5-[2',3',4'-trihydroxy-6'-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2h-pyran-2-one (1) along with 3,4,3'-tri-o-methylellagic acid, and methyl gallate were isolated from the dichloromethane extract. determination of their structures was based on spectroscopic analysis. compound 1 possessed ... | 2010 | 20645770 |
| deleterious activity of natural products on postures of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the control of lepidoptera pests should be carried out before hatching of their caterpillars to avoid damage to the crops. the aim of this work was to assess the activity of neem (trade name: natuneem, producer: base fértil, chapadão do sul, brazil) and pyroligneous extracts (trade name: biopirol 7m, producer: biocarbo, itabirito, brazil) at 10 ml/l (1%) and 20 ml/l (2%) contents on egg masses of different ages of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and of diatraea saccharalis f ... | 2010 | 20653245 |
| insecticidal constituents from the argentine liverwort plagiochila bursata. | the new 2,3-secoaromadendrane 1, together with the known compounds plagiochilines a and m (2 and 3, resp.), fusicogigantone a (4), and 1,4-dimethylazulene (5) were isolated from an argentine collection of the liverwort plagiochila bursata. structures were elucidated by extensive 1d- and 2d-nmr studies. compounds 2 and 4, incorporated to the larval diet at 100 microg per g of diet, reduced the larval growth of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) by 66+/-29% and 25+/-8% and produced 55 ... | 2010 | 20658675 |
| evaluation of extracellular subviral particles of dengue virus type 2 and japanese encephalitis virus produced by spodoptera frugiperda cells for use as vaccine and diagnostic antigens. | new or improved vaccines against dengue virus types 1 to 4 (denv1 to denv4) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev), the causative agents of dengue fever and japanese encephalitis (je), respectively, are urgently required. the use of noninfectious subviral extracellular particles (eps) is an inexpensive and safe strategy for the production of protein-based flavivirus vaccines. although coexpression of premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) proteins has been demonstrated to produce eps in mammalian cel ... | 2010 | 20668137 |
| use of serological techniques for determination of spodoptera frugiperda(j e smith) predators (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera frugiperda (j e smith) is an important pest of several crops, but especially on maize in brazil. the implementation of biological control measures hinges on the identification of its predators and other natural enemies. as a means of identifying predators, antibodies against s. frugiperda eggs were generated by inoculating rabbits with macerated s. frugiperda eggs, and the production of antibodies against s. frugiperda egg proteins was verifi ed by double immunodiffusion (did). these ... | 2010 | 20676516 |
| effects of fluctuating moisture and temperature regimes on the persistence of quiescent conidia of isaria fumosorosea. | conidia of isaria fumosorosea were submitted to three regimes of temperature and moisture to simulate microclimatic conditions which prevail in temperate (43% rh and 28 degrees c to 98% rh and 15 degrees c), subtropical (75% rh and 35 degrees c to 98% rh and 25 degrees c), and arid areas (13% rh and 40 degrees c to 33% rh and 15 degrees c) with daily fluctuating cycles. germination, conidial viability, and virulence to spodoptera frugiperda larvae were less affected after 20 days exposure under ... | 2010 | 20685211 |
| the catalytic and other residues essential for the activity of the midgut trehalase from spodoptera frugiperda. | trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28) hydrolyzes only α, α'- trehalose and is present in a variety of organisms, but is most important in insects and fungi. crystallographic data showed that bacterial trehalase has d312 and e496 as the catalytical residues and three arg residues in the active site. those residues have homologous in all family 37 trehalases including spodoptera frugiperda trehalase (d322, e520, r169, r227, r287). to test the role of these residues, mutants of trehalase were produced. all mutan ... | 2010 | 20691783 |
| production and purification of human papillomavirus type 33 l1 virus-like particles from spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells using two-step column chromatography. | the major capsid protein l1 of human papillomavirus (hpv) is essential in construction of recombinant antigen vaccines against cervical cancer. hpv type 33 accounts for about 10% of all hpv infections in asia. the gene encoding the major capsid protein l1 of the high-risk hpv type 33 was isolated from a korean patient and expressed in sf-9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. hpv33 l1 protein was isolated by two-step chromatographic purification using strong-cation exchange and ce ... | 2011 | 20716445 |
| histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith caterpillars (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. as a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of b. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (ph 408) and b. t ... | 2010 | 20730357 |
| host insect inhibitor-of-apoptosis sfiap functionally replaces baculovirus iap but is differentially regulated by its n-terminal leader. | the inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins encoded by baculoviruses bear a striking resemblance to the cellular iap homologs of their invertebrate hosts. by virtue of the acquired selective advantage of blocking virus-induced apoptosis, baculoviruses may have captured cellular iap genes that subsequently evolved for virus-specific objectives. to compare viral and host iaps, we defined antiapoptotic properties of sfiap, the principal cellular iap of the lepidopteran host spodoptera frugiperda. we ... | 2010 | 20739517 |
| identification of new limonoids from swietenia and their biological activity against insects. | natural limonoids are one group of compounds being studied for their insecticidal properties. to discover new limonoids with better activities, analogs were prepared via acylation and hydrolysis, and bioassayed. | 2010 | 20799251 |
| expression-system-dependent modulation of hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein antigenicity and immunogenicity. | recombinant expression systems differ in the type of glycosylation they impart on expressed antigens such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoproteins, potentially affecting their biological properties. we performed head-to-head antigenic, immunogenic and molecular profiling of two distantly related env surface (gp120) antigens produced in different systems: (a) mammalian (293 freestyle cells; 293f) cells in the presence of kifunensine, which impart only high-mannose ... | 2010 | 20800070 |
| antihypertensive effect of insect cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. | in this study, we investigated the in vitro ace inhibitory and in vivo antihypertensive effect of insect cell extracts. the ic(50) of three insect cell lines from different type and insect species origin: s2 (embryo, drosophila melanogaster), sf21 (ovary, spodoptera frugiperda) and bm5 (ovary, bombyx mori), were evaluated. most interesting results were that the ic(50) values ranged between 0.4 and 0.9 mg/ml, and that an extra hydrolysis with gastrointestinal enzymes did not increase the ace inhi ... | 2011 | 20800635 |
| synergistic effects of amides from two piper species on generalist and specialist herbivores. | plants use a diverse mix of defenses against herbivores, including multiple secondary metabolites, which often affect herbivores synergistically. chemical defenses also can affect natural enemies of herbivores via limiting herbivore populations or by affecting herbivore resistance to parasitoids. in this study, we performed feeding experiments to examine the synergistic effects of imides and amides (hereafter "amides") from piper cenocladum and p. imperiale on specialist (eois nympha, geometrida ... | 2010 | 20809141 |
| characterization of a β-1,3-glucanase active in the alkaline midgut of spodoptera frugiperda larvae and its relation to β-glucan-binding proteins. | spodoptera frugiperda β-1,3-glucanase (slam) was purified from larval midgut. it has a molecular mass of 37.5 kda, an alkaline optimum ph of 9.0, is active against β-1,3-glucan (laminarin), but cannot hydrolyze yeast β-1,3-1,6-glucan or other polysaccharides. the enzyme is an endoglucanase with low processivity (0.4), and is not inhibited by high concentrations of substrate. in contrast to other digestive β-1,3-glucanases from insects, slam is unable to lyse saccharomyces cerevisae cells. the cd ... | 2010 | 20816775 |
| recombinant human sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdhs) is expressed at high yield as an active homotetramer in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | the sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdhs) isoform is a promising contraceptive target because it is specific to male germ cells, essential for sperm motility and male fertility, and well suited to pharmacological inhibition. however, gapdhs is difficult to isolate from native sources and recombinant expression frequently results in high production of insoluble enzyme. we chose to use the bac-to-bac baculovirus-insect cell system to express a his-tagged form of human ga ... | 2011 | 20828617 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with ribosomal s2 protein triggers larvicidal activity in spodoptera frugiperda. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3a) is synthesized as an extracellular insecticidal toxin by certain strains of bacillus thuringiensis. vip3a is active against several lepidopteran pests of crops. polyphagous pest, spodoptera frugiperda, and its cell line sf21 are sensitive for lyses to vip3a. screening of cdna library prepared from sf21 cells through yeast two-hybrid system with vip3a as bait identified ribosomal protein s2 as a toxicity-mediating interacting partner protein. the vip3a-ribo ... | 2010 | 20833785 |
| comparative transient expression assay analysis of hycu-hr6- and ie1-dependent regulation of baculovirus gp64 early promoters in three insect cell lines. | we previously demonstrated that the hyphantria cunea multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hycumnpv) gp64 gene (hycu-gp64) is uniquely localized on the viral genome with a large homologous region of 1582bp, hycu-hr6, immediately upstream of the hycu-gp64 gene. in the present study, we compared the regulation of gp64 early promoters from hycumnpv, autographa californica multicapsid npv (acmnpv) and bombyx mori npv (bmnpv) by cis-acting hycu-hr6 and trans-acting ie1s in three cell lines (spodoptera fr ... | 2011 | 20837073 |
| induction of cytopathic effects and apoptosis in spodoptera frugiperda cells by the hiv-1 env glycoprotein signal peptide. | the loss of cd4(+) t-cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals has been attributed not only to dysregulation of immune cell function but also direct and indirect killing mechanisms of both infected and bystander cells. this process proceeds through both necrotic and programmed cell death pathways. several human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gene products have been linked to the induction of cell death and apoptosis associated with virus infection. these include the nef, ... | 2010 | 20852925 |
| discovery and characterization of field resistance to bt maize: spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in puerto rico. | transgenic maize, zea mays l., event tc1507 produces the cry1f protein to provide protection from feeding by several important lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). reports of reduced field performance against this species in puerto rico were investigated, and laboratory bioassays showed that s. frugiperda collected from the affected area exhibited lower sensitivity to the cry1f protein compared with typical colonies from other regions. the re ... | 2010 | 20857709 |
| effect of surface charge on the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of fluorescent labeled cellulose nanocrystals. | probing of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was conducted for two fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (cncs): cnc-fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) and newly synthesized cnc-rhodamine b isothiocyanate (rbitc). the positively charged cnc-rbitc was uptaken by human embryonic kidney 293 (hek 293) and spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells without affecting the cell membrane integrity. the cell viability assay and cell-based impedance spectroscopy revealed no noticeably cytotoxic effect of the cnc-rbitc c ... | 2010 | 20919683 |
| an integrated analysis of enzyme activities, cofactor pools and metabolic fluxes in baculovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells. | the scarcity of fundamental knowledge on the baculovirus-host cell interaction is a major drawback for the improvement of bioprocesses through metabolic engineering. after the first hours post-infection, the virus takes over the control of cellular machinery, leading to the repression of host gene expression and imposing a high metabolic burden to insect cells. nevertheless, there is a lack of detailed data on the metabolic responses to infection, which are ultimately responsible for system prod ... | 2010 | 20933551 |
| interaction of human dipeptidyl peptidase iv and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription transactivator in sf9 cells. | dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dppiv) also known as the t cell activation marker cd26 is a multifunctional protein which is involved in various biological processes. the association of human-dppiv with components of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv1) is well documented and raised some discussions. several reports implicated the interaction of human-dppiv with the hiv1 transcription transactivator protein (hiv1-tat) and the inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of dppiv by the hiv ... | 2010 | 20942971 |
| purification and characterization of aspartic protease derived from sf9 insect cells. | an aspartic protease that is significantly produced by baculovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells was purified to homogeneity from a growth medium. to monitor aspartic protease activity, an internally quenched fluoresce (iqf) substrate specific to cathepsin d was used. the purified aspartic protease showed a single protein band on sds-page with an apparent molecular mass of 40 kda. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme had a high homology to a bombyx mori aspartic pro ... | 2010 | 20944399 |
| predictive inference on cytoplasmic and mitochondrial thioredoxin peroxidases in the highly radioresistant lepidopteran insect spodoptera frugiperda. | lepidopteran insects show remarkable resistance to radiation and chemical stress than insects of other orders. despite this, the antioxidant machinery of insects of this order is poorly understood. recently we demonstrated the significance of cytoplasmic nos and a stronger mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system in the stress-resistance of lepidopteran insects. in the present study, we hypothesize two thioredoxin peroxidase orthologues (sf-tpx1 and sf-tpx2) in lepidopteran insect spodoptera frug ... | 2010 | 20975889 |
| in vitro growth of microsporidia anncaliia algerae in cell lines from warm water fish. | anncaliia algerae is an aquatic microsporidium that most commonly infects mosquitoes but can be grown on the rabbit kidney cell line, rk-13. spores were purified from rk-13 cultures and added to cell lines from warm water fish and from an insect. the cell lines were gfsk-s1 and gfb3c-w1 from goldfish skin and brain respectively, zeb2j from zebrafish embryos, fhmt-w1 from fathead minnow testis, and sf9 from ovaries of a fall armyworm moth. all cultures were maintained at 27°c. infection was judge ... | 2010 | 21086187 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of anti-plumbagin single-chain variable fragment antibody in sf9 insect cell. | plumbagin (pl; 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) is an important secondary metabolite, mainly produced in the plumbago zeylanica l. (plumbaginaceae). a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody, fusion of the variable regions of the heavy chain and light chain of immunoglobulin against pl (pl-scfv) was expressed by bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system using spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells and characterized to investigate potential use of pl-scfv as a tool for plant immuno ... | 2010 | 21087101 |
| characterization of two methylenedioxy bridge-forming cytochrome p450-dependent enzymes of alkaloid formation in the mexican prickly poppy argemone mexicana. | formation of the methylenedioxy bridge is an integral step in the biosynthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine and protoberberine alkaloids in the papaveraceae family of plants. this reaction in plants is catalyzed by cytochrome p450-dependent enzymes. two cdnas that encode cytochrome p450 enzymes belonging to the cyp719 family were identified upon interrogation of an est dataset prepared from 2-month-old plantlets of the mexican prickly poppy argemone mexicana that accumulated the benzo[c]phenanthrid ... | 2010 | 21094631 |
| functional expression in insect cells of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked alkaline phosphatase from aedes aegypti larval midgut: a bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin receptor. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins which bind to cell surface receptors on the brush border membrane of susceptible midgut larvae. the toxin-receptor interaction generates pores in midgut epithelial cells resulting in cell lysis. here, a cdna encoding membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from aedes aegypti (aa-malp) midgut larvae, based on the sequence identity hit to bombyx mori membrane-bound alp, was amplified by rt-pcr and transiently expressed in spodoptera f ... | 2010 | 21146607 |
| membrane permeabilization of the african horse sickness virus vp5 protein is mediated by two n-terminal amphipathic α-helices. | the vp5 outer capsid protein of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is cytotoxic when expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells. secondary structure analysis of the vp5 amino acid sequence of ahsv-9 identified two n-terminal amphipathic α-helices within the first 43 amino acids. baculovirus expression of n- and c-terminal truncated vp5 proteins in sf-9 cells indicated that the n-terminal 43 amino acids correlated with low levels of protein expression and with increased membrane permeabiliz ... | 2010 | 21193936 |
| autoantibodies to gp2, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, are new markers in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease (cd) is an inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) characterized by reactivity against microbial and self antigens. zymogen granule glycoprotein 2 (gp2) was identified as the major autoantigen of cd-specific pancreatic autoantibodies (pab). | 2010 | 21195704 |
| expression of rice gall dwarf virus outer coat protein gene (s8) in insect cells. | to obtain the p8 protein of rice gall dwarf virus (rgdv) with biological activity, its outer coat protein gene s8 was expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. the s8 gene was subcloned into the pfastbac™1 vector, to produce the recombinant baculovirus transfer vector pfb-s8. after transformation, pfb-s8 was introduced into the competent cells (e. coli dh10bac) containing a shuttle vector, bacmid, generating the recombinant bacmid rbpfb-s8. af ... | 2010 | 21221918 |
| sequence comparison between three geographically distinct spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates: detecting positively selected genes. | the complete genomic sequence of a nicaraguan plaque purified spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) genotype sfmnpv-b was determined and compared to previously sequenced isolates from united states (sfmnpv-3ap2) and brazil (sfmnpv-19). the genome of sfmnpv-b (132,954bp) was 1623bp and 389bp larger than that of sfmnpv-3ap2 and sfmnpv-19, respectively. genome size differences were mainly due to a deletion located in the sfmnpv-3ap2 egt region and small deletions and point mutations i ... | 2011 | 21238456 |
| recombinant scorpion insect excitatory toxin bmk it accelerates the growth of insect spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. | several scorpion insect toxins are selectively active on the lepidopterous and dipterous insects. the gene encoding insect excitatory neurotoxin (bmk it) from the scorpion buthus martensii karsch was expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) at a high level of 3 mg/0.5 l using the prokaryotic expression system ptwin1. colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt), whole-cell patch-clamp technique and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate the toxicity of ... | 2011 | 21240544 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a* accumulating in chloroplasts. | an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35. of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3a* or tvip3a* gene. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) we ... | 2011 | 21246398 |
| translocation and insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis living inside of plants. | the major biological pesticide for the control of insect infestations of crops, bacillus thuringiensis was found to be present naturally within cotton plants from fields that had never been treated with commercial formulations of this bacterium. the ability of b. thuringiensis to colonize plants as an endophyte was further established by the introduction of a strain marked by production of green fluorescent protein (gfp). after inoculation of this preparation close to the roots of cotton and cab ... | 2009 | 21255282 |
| host plant association and genetic differentiation of corn and rice strains of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in colombia. | spodoptera frugiperda (smith) is a polifagous insect of major economic impact in the western hemisphere and exhibits two strains (i.e., corn and rice) that are morphologically identical but differ in ecology, genetics and physiology. in this work we identified these strains and their respective hybrids by using a pcr-rflp of the coi gene and pcr of the tandem region fr. moreover, we performed a population structure analysis by using 253 larvae from tolima, a region where s. frugiperda is a pest ... | 2010 | 21271059 |
| [oviposition, development, and reproduction of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fed on different hosts of economic importance]. | the host selection for oviposition by spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) among corn, millet, cotton and soybean, and its relationship with the biological characteristics were investigated. free and non-choice tests for oviposition using plots containing five plants each, from each host in plastic greenhouse, resulted in similar oviposition preference among the host plants. in addition, selected biological characteristics of s. frugiperda were determined in the laboratory with larvae feeding on h ... | 2010 | 21271070 |
| comprehensive analysis of host gene expression in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. | autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the best-studied baculovirus and most commonly used virus vector for baculovirus expression vector systems. the effect of acmnpv infection on host cells is incompletely understood. a microarray based on spodoptera frugiperda ests was used to investigate the impact of acmnpv on host gene expression in cultured s. frugiperda, sf21 cells. most host genes were down-regulated over the time course of infection, although a small number ... | 2011 | 21276998 |
| characterization of mosquito cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3: differences in substrate preference and kinetic properties. | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases are involved in insecticide resistance in insects. we previously observed an increase in cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3 mrna expression in anopheles minimus mosquitoes during the selection for deltamethrin resistance in the laboratory. cyp6aa3 has been shown to metabolize deltamethrin, while no information is known for cyp6p7. in this study, cyp6p7 was heterologously expressed in the spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells via baculovirus-mediated expression system. the expre ... | 2011 | 21308761 |
| bioactive metabolites from stenocarpella maydis, a stalk and ear rot pathogen of maize. | stenocarpella maydis is a fungal pathogen of major importance that causes a dry-rot of maize ears and is associated with a neuromycotoxicosis in cattle grazing harvested maize fields in southern africa and argentina. in an effort to investigate the potential roles of s. maydis metabolites in the fungal disease cycle, ethyl acetate extracts of solid-substrate fermentations of several s. maydis isolates from maize grown in the united states were found to exhibit significant phytotoxic, antifungal, ... | 2010 | 21315311 |
| heterologous expression of two fad-dependent oxidases with (s)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase activity from arge mone mexicana and berberis wilsoniae in insect cells. | berberine, palmatine and dehydrocoreximine are end products of protoberberine biosynthesis. these quaternary protoberberines are elicitor inducible and, like other phytoalexins, are highly oxidized. the oxidative potential of these compounds is derived from a diverse array of biosynthetic steps involving hydroxylation, intra-molecular c-c coupling, methylenedioxy bridge formation and a dehydrogenation reaction as the final step in the biosynthesis. for the berberine biosynthetic pathway, the ide ... | 2011 | 21327819 |
| small microcapsules of crystal proteins and spores of bacillus thuringiensis by an emulsification/internal gelation method. | this paper describes a microencapsulation process of a spore crystal aggregate produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1. the methodology is based on the emulsification/internal gelation method, and was implemented to produce microcapsules of small diameter (< 10 µm) with the capacity to protect the spore crystal aggregate from extreme ultraviolet radiation. the diameter of microcapsules was in the range of 3.1 ± 0.2-6.8 ± 0.4 µm, which is considered adequate for biological control p ... | 2011 | 21344251 |
| reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase are common to lepidopteran strains resistant to cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive dna-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to bt toxins in natural populations. we report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (malp) as a common feature in strains of cry-resistant heliothis ... | 2011 | 21390253 |
| baculovirus expression vectors. | this chapter aims to provide the reader with the experimental protocols required to produce a baculovirus containing the gene of interest, including transfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells and the screening of progeny virus by plaque assay. in addition, an outline of the biochemical methods routinely used to characterize the expressed protein product within the baculovirus system will be given. throughout the experimental procedures, areas that researchers generally find technically difficul ... | 1992 | 21390722 |
| belowground resistance to western corn rootworm in lepidopteran-resistant maize genotypes. | several maize, zea mays l., inbred lines developed from an antiguan maize population have been shown to exhibit resistance to numerous aboveground lepidopteran pests. this study shows that these genotypes are able to significantly reduce the survival of two root feeding pests, western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, and southern corn rootworm, diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi barber. the results also demonstrated that feeding by the aboveground herbivore fall armyworm, s ... | 2011 | 21404871 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on the development, survival and reproduction of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the lethal and sublethal effects of the ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide on the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), were investigated by feeding a methoxyfenozide-treated diet to fifth instars until pupation in doses corresponding to the lc10 and lc25 for the compound. larval mortality reached 8% and 26% in the low and high concentration groups, respectively, on the seventh day of the experiment. a progressive larval mortality of 12% for the lc10 and 60% for the lc25 was observed ... | 2011 | 21437495 |
| receptor for activated c kinase-1 protein from penaeus monodon (pm-rack1) participates in the shrimp antioxidant response. | cellular oxidative stress responses are caused in many ways, but especially by disease and environmental stress. after the initial burst of reactive oxygen species (ros), the effective elimination of ros is crucial for the survival of organisms and is mediated by antioxidant defense mechanisms. in this paper, we investigate the possible antioxidant function of penaeus monodon receptor for activated c kinase-1 (pm-rack1). when pm-rack1 was over-expressed in escherichia coli cells or spodoptera fr ... | 2011 | 21439997 |
| synthesis of a combinatorial library of amides and its evaluation against the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. | the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that causes important damage in different regions of america and mainly affects corn crops in both tropical and subtropical areas. currently, control relies on both transgenic plants and/or chemical pesticides. in this work we describe the preparation of an indexed combinatorial library of amides and its toxic effect by contact against s. frugiperda . (e)-1-(1-piperidinyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-propen-1-one was the most act ... | 2011 | 21443174 |
| lepidopteran transcriptome analysis following infection by phylogenetically unrelated polydnaviruses highlights differential and common responses. | the polydnaviridae is a family of double-stranded dna viruses that are symbionts of parasitoid wasps. the family is currently divided into two genera, the ichnovirus (iv) and bracovirus (bv), which are associated with wasps in the families ichneumonidae and braconidae, respectively. ivs and bvs have similar immunosuppressive and developmental effects on parasitized hosts but their encapsidated genomes largely encode different genes. to assess whether iv and bv infection has similar or disparate ... | 2011 | 21457783 |
| allochronic separation versus mate choice: nonrandom patterns of mating between fall armyworm host strains. | assortative mating may result from intrinsic individual mating preferences or from assortment traits not requiring expression of preferences. assortment traits are phenotypes expressed in both sexes that enhance the probability of encountering individuals possessing similar trait values. in the noctuid moth spodoptera frugiperda, it has been suggested that nonrandom mating between two host strains is caused by a temporal assortment trait-that is, differential timing of calling and copulation dur ... | 2011 | 21460569 |
| insect cells for antibody production: evaluation of an efficient alternative. | in recent years there has been an increase in both availability and demand for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. currently, most of these antibodies are produced by stably transfected mammalian cells. in this study we evaluated the use of different baculoviral insect cell systems as an alternative for commonly used production schemes. we expressed the human anti-gp41 antibody 3d6 in spodoptera frugiperda sf9, trichoplusia ni bti-tn5b1-4 "high five", and spodoptera frugiperda sfswt-1 "mimic™(") ... | 2011 | 21477625 |
| the molecular action of the novel insecticide, pyridalyl. | pyridalyl is a recently discovered insecticide that exhibits high insecticidal activity against lepidoptera and thysanoptera. pyridalyl action requires cytochrome p450 activity, possibly for production of a bioactive derivative, pyridalyl metabolism being prevented by general p450 inhibitors. apoptosis is apparently not involved in the cytotoxicity. continuous culture of spodoptera frugiperda sf21 cells in sub-lethal doses of pyridalyl, results in a pyridalyl-resistant cell line. probing the mol ... | 2011 | 21497652 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding p53 of bombyx mori and spodoptera frugiperda. | complementary dnas encoding homologs of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, were characterized from two lepidopteran insects, bombyx mori (bm) and spodoptera frugiperda (sf). they encoded predicted proteins of 368 (41.2 kda) (bm) and 374 (42.5 kda) (sf) amino acids. the sequences shared 44% amino acid and 60% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, but exhibited less than 20% amino acid and 46% nucleotide sequence identity to drosophila melanogaster p53. despite the sequence diversity, conserv ... | 2011 | 21497653 |
| differential activity of multiple saponins against omnivorous insects with varying feeding preferences. | a variety of glycosylated and unglycosylated saponins from seven different plant families (aquifoliaceae, asparagaceae, caryophyllaceae, dioscoreaceae, leguminosae, rosaceae, sapindaceae) were tested against the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, and the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. the corn earworm feeds readily on both monocots and dicots, while the fall armyworm is primarily a grass feeder. most of the saponins were similarly effective or ineffective against both insect species, with the ... | 2011 | 21503618 |
| oviposition by a moth suppresses constitutive and herbivore-induced plant volatiles in maize. | plant volatiles function as important signals for herbivores, parasitoids, predators, and neighboring plants. herbivore attack can dramatically increase plant volatile emissions in many species. however, plants do not only react to herbivore-inflicted damage, but also already start adjusting their metabolism upon egg deposition by insects. several studies have found evidence that egg deposition itself can induce the release of volatiles, but little is known about the effects of oviposition on th ... | 2011 | 21509694 |
| bioenergy crops miscanthus x giganteus and panicum virgatum reduce growth and survivorship of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | large-scale cultivation of plants used as biofuels is likely to alter the ecological interactions of current agricultural crops and their insect pests in a myriad of ways. recent evidence suggests many contemporary maize pests will be able to use potential biofuel crops such as switchgrass, panicum virgatum l., and miscanthus as hosts. to determine how suitable these biofuels are to the maize, zea mays l., pest and generalist graminivore, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuid ... | 2011 | 21510193 |
| population dynamics of caterpillars on three cover crops before sowing cotton in mato grosso (brazil). | direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems under a preliminary cover crop such as millet are common in some areas of brazil. lepidopteran pests that damage cotton, soybean and maize crops can proliferate on cover crops, so preventive chemical treatments are necessary. very little data is available on these pests on cover crops. this paper presents the dynamics of spodoptera frugiperda, s. eridania, mocis latipes and diatraea saccharalis caterpillars monitored at primavera do leste, mato grosso ... | 2010 | 21539250 |
| isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in two primary parasitoids of the noctuid spodoptera frugiperda: chelonus insularis and campoletis sonorensis (hymenoptera). | fifteen and 13 microsatellite loci were isolated, respectively, from campoletis sonorensis cameron and from chelonus insularis cresson. these two parasitic hymenoptera are primary parasitoids of lepidoptera in north, central and south america, including the important agricultural pest spodoptera frugiperda. allelic diversity and heterozygosity were quantified in samples from mexico. each locus was polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from two to 16 in c. sonorensis and from four to 18 ... | 2009 | 21564593 |
| viroplasm matrix protein pns9 from rice gall dwarf virus forms an octameric cylindrical structure. | the nonstructural pns9 protein of rice gall dwarf virus (rgdv) accumulates in viroplasm (vp) inclusions, which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family reoviridae. immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of rgdv-infected vector cells in monolayers (vcms), using antibodies against pns9 of rgdv and expression of pns9 in spodoptera frugiperda cells demonstrated that pns9 is the minimal ... | 2011 | 21613445 |
| chip-based size-selective sorting of biological cells using high frequency acoustic excitation. | this work presents the size-selective sorting of single biological cells using the assembly process known as templated assembly by selective removal (tasr). we have demonstrated experimentally, for the first time, the selective placement and sorting of single sf9 cells (clonal isolate derived from spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) iplb-sf21-ae cells) into patterned hemispherical sites on rigid assembly templates using tasr. nearly 100% of the assembly sites on the template were filled with m ... | 2011 | 21614404 |
| growth variation among bacillus thuringiensis strains can affect screening procedures for supernatant-secreted toxins against insect pests. | background: supernatant-secreted proteins in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) (bt) with insecticidal activity provide an important source of information for discovery of new useful strains and/or entomotoxins. however, physiological variation among isolates might interfere in the detection efficiency of screening procedures on bt collections. the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of this variation in a sample of isolates from a tropical bt collection, which was gauged through the as ... | 2011 | 21618404 |
| cell-based analysis of chikungunya virus membrane fusion using baculovirus-expression vectors. | chikungunya virus infection has emerged in many countries over the past decade. there are no effective drugs for controlling the disease. to develop cell-based system for screening anti-virus drugs, a bi-cistronic baculovirus expression system was utilized to co-express viral structural proteins c (capsid), e2 and e1 and the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (sf21). the egfp-positive sf21 cells fused with each other and with uninfected cells to form ... | 2011 | 21619896 |
| differential immunohistochemical localization of xanthine oxidase in normal and neoplastic human breast epithelium. | xanthine oxidase (xo) and xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh) are alternate enzymatic forms of the xo/xdh protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process xo/xdh generates reactive oxygen species (ros) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. we hypothesize that xo/xdh, which is expressed in mammary epithelium, contributes to the development of breast cancers by virtue of its ability to generate genotoxic ros. in this s ... | 1997 | 21528298 |
| active depletion of host cell inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins triggers apoptosis upon baculovirus dna replication. | apoptosis is an important antivirus defense by virtue of its impact on virus multiplication and pathogenesis. to define molecular mechanisms by which viruses are detected and the apoptotic response is initiated, we examined the antiviral role of host inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins in insect cells. we report here that the principal iaps, diap1 and sfiap, of the model insects drosophila melanogaster and spodoptera frugiperda, respectively, are rapidly depleted and thereby inactivated upon i ... | 2011 | 21653668 |
| a calcium-insensitive attenuated nitrosative stress response contributes significantly in the radioresistance of sf9 insect cells. | lepidopteran insects/insect cells display 50-100 times higher radioresistance than humans, and are evolutionarily closest to mammals amongst all radioresistant organisms known. compared to mammalian cells, lepidopteran cells (tn-368, sf9) display more efficient antioxidant system and dna repair and suffer considerably less radiation-induced dna/cytogenetic damage and apoptosis. recent studies indicate that a considerably lower radiation-induced oxidative stress may significantly reduce macromole ... | 2011 | 21658466 |
| dispensing synthetic green leaf volatiles in maize fields increases the release of sesquiterpenes by the plants, but has little effect on the attraction of pest and beneficial insects. | maize plants respond to feeding by arthropod herbivores by producing a number of secondary plant compounds, including volatile organic compounds (vocs). these herbivore-induced vocs are not only known to attract natural enemies of the herbivores, but they may also prime inducible defences in neighbouring plants, resulting in stronger and faster defence responses in these voc-exposed plants. among the compounds that cause this priming effect, green leaf volatiles (glvs) have received particular a ... | 2011 | 21658734 |
| expression and solubilization of insect cell based rabies virus glycoprotein and assessment of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. | rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance worldwide. rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) has been the major target for subunit vaccine development since it harbors domains responsible for induction of virus neutralizing antibodies, infectivity and neurovirulence. the glycoprotein (g) was cloned using baculo virus expression vector system (bevs) and expressed in sf-9 cells. in order to obtain a soluble form of g suitable for experimenting in mice, eighteen ... | 2011 | 21813661 |
| functional interactions between polydnavirus and host cellular innexins. | polydnaviruses are double-stranded dna viruses associated with some subfamilies of ichneumonoid parasitoid wasps. polydnavirus virions are delivered during wasp parasitization of a host, and virus gene expression in the host induces alterations of host physiology. infection of susceptible host caterpillars by the polydnavirus campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (csiv) leads to expression of virus genes, resulting in immune and developmental disruptions. csiv encodes four homologues of insect gap ju ... | 2011 | 21813607 |
| effect of triterpenoids and limonoids isolated from cabralea canjerana and carapa guianensis (meliaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith). | the activities of two triterpenoids, ocotillone and cabraleadiol, and four limonoids, methyl angolensate, 3-beta-deacetylfissinolide, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, and beta-photogedunin, isolated from arillus of carapa guianensis and fruits and seeds of cabralea canjerana (meliaceae), were evaluated against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. gedunin was used as a positive control. 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and beta-photogedunin reduced the pupal weight as occurred with gedunin. cabraleadiol, 3- ... | 2011 | 21812341 |
| baculovirus iap1 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in insect cells. | baculoviruses encode inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps), which are classified into five groups, iap1, iap2, iap3, iap4 and iap5, based on their sequence homology. most of the baculovirus iaps with anti-apoptotic function belong to the iap3 group, with certain exceptions. the functional roles of iaps from other groups in the virus infection have not been well-established. we have previously shown that <em>hyphantria cunea</em> multicapsid npv (hycumnpv) encodes three <em>iap</em> genes, <em>hycu-iap1 ... | 2011 | 21795471 |
| comparative analysis of a highly variable region of the genomes between spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1d (sfav-1d) and sfav-1a. | the recently discovered ascoviruses have a worldwide distribution. here we report a new member of the family ascoviridae, spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus-1d (sfav-1d) with a variable region in the genome. restriction fragment length polymorphism, southern hybridization and genome sequencing analyses confirmed that sfav-1d and the earlier reported sfav-1a are closely related but not identical. the genome size of sfav-1d is about 100 kbp which is about 57 kbp smaller than sfav-1a. the sfav-1d geno ... | 2011 | 21832004 |
| novel vip3a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize approaches high-dose efficacy against helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) under field conditions: implications for resistance management. | sweet corn, zea mays l., transformed to express a novel vegetative insecticidal protein, vip3a (event mir162, syngenta seeds, inc..), produced by the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), was evaluated over four field seasons in maryland and two field seasons in minnesota for efficacy against the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie). -áhybrids expressing the vip3a protein and pyramided in hybrids also expressing the cry1ab bt protein (event bt11, attribute (-«) , syngenta seeds, inc.) were c ... | 2010 | 21844691 |
| a host-plant specialist, helicoverpa assulta, is more tolerant to capsaicin from capsicum annuum than other noctuid species. | plant secondary compounds not only play an important role in plant defense, but have been a driving force for host adaptation by herbivores. capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), an alkaloid found in the fruit of capsicum spp. (solanaceae), is responsible for the pungency of hot pepper fruits and is unique to the genus. the oriental tobacco budworm, helicoverpa assulta (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a specialist herbivore feeding on solanaceous plants including capsicum annuum, and is one ... | 2011 | 21704632 |
| susceptibility of mosquito and lepidopteran cell lines to the mosquito iridescent virus (iiv-3) from aedes taeniorhynchus. | mosquito iridescent viruses (miv) are members of the genus chloriridovirus that currently contains only the type iiv-3 from aedestaeniorhynchus. the complete genome of invertebrate iridescent virus -3 (iiv-3) has been sequenced and the availability of a tissue culture system would facilitate functional genomic studies. this investigation, using quantitative pcr and electron microscopy, has determined that the mosquito cell lines aedes aegypti (aag2), aedes albopictus (c6/36) and anopheles gambia ... | 2011 | 21741386 |
| noctuid migration in texas within the nocturnal aeroecological boundary layer. | long-distance migration of adult corn earworm moths (helicoverpa zea), and several other noctuid moth species, facilitates seasonal expansion of pest populations and consequent increased infestations of agricultural crops on a continental scale in north america. long-term field studies of population dynamics and migratory flights of h. zea and fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) in the united states were evaluated using x-band radar observations and profiles of atmospheric conditions. these st ... | 2008 | 21669776 |
| induction and detoxification of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones by insect herbivores. | in monocotyledonous plants, 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones, also referred to as benzoxazinoids or hydroxamic acids, are one of the most important chemical barriers against herbivores. yet, knowledge about their behavior after attack, mode of action and potential detoxification by specialized insects has remained rudimentary. we chose an innovative analytical approach to understand the role of maize 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones in plant insect interactions. by combining unbiased metabolomics screens and simultan ... | 2011 | 21838747 |
| identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a large burden of disease worldwide. there is no effective vaccine or therapy, and the use of passive immunoprophylaxis with rsv-specific antibodies is limited to high-risk patients. the cellular receptor (or receptors) required for viral entry and replication has yet to be described; its identification will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and provide a target for the development of novel antiviral interventions. here we show ... | 2011 | 21841784 |
| characterization of a cenp-b homolog in the holocentric lepidoptera spodoptera frugiperda. | the discovery of an homolog of the human centromeric protein b, cenp-b, in an est database of the holocentric insect species spodoptera frugiperda prompted us to further characterize that gene because i) cenp-b has not been described in invertebrates yet ii) it should be a milestone in the molecular characterization of the holocentric centromere of lepidoptera. like its human counterpart, the sf cenp-b protein is related to the transposase of the pogo transposable element (te) of d. melanogaster ... | 2011 | 21712078 |
| Safety and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adults in Mexico. | Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be rapidly developed from influenza virus genetic sequences in order to supply vaccine after the onset of a pandemic. The safety and immunogenicity of one or two doses of a recombinant A (H1N1) 2009 influenza VLP vaccine was evaluated in a two-stage, Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 4563 healthy adults, 18-64 years of age, during the H1N1 2009 pandemic in Mexico. In Part A, 1013 subjects were randomized into four treatment g ... | 2011 | 21816199 |
| Identification and Structural Characterization of Novel Cyclotide with Activity against an Insect Pest of Sugar Cane. | Cyclotides are a family of plant-derived cyclic peptides comprising six conserved cysteine residues connected by three intermolecular disulfide bonds that form a knotted structure known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK). This structural motif is responsible for the pronounced stability of cyclotides against chemical, thermal, or proteolytic degradation and has sparked growing interest in this family of peptides. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel cyclotide from Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae ... | 2012 | 22074926 |
| Spatial patterns of aflatoxin levels in relation to ear-feeding insect damage in pre-harvest corn. | Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatoxin contamination and insect damage were sampled before harvest in three 0.4-hectare corn fields using a ... | 2011 | 22069748 |
| herbivore-induced plant volatiles can serve as host location cues for a generalist and a specialist egg parasitoid. | herbivore-induced plant volatiles are important host finding cues for larval parasitoids, and similarly, insect oviposition might elicit the release of plant volatiles functioning as host finding cues for egg parasitoids. we hypothesized that egg parasitoids also might utilize hipvs of emerging larvae to locate plants with host eggs. we, therefore, assessed the olfactory response of two egg parasitoids, a generalist, trichogramma pretiosum (tricogrammatidae), and a specialist, telenomus remus (s ... | 2011 | 22170346 |
| Effects of Cyanogenic Plants on Fitness in Two Host Strains of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). | The generalist moth, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) consists of two genetic subgroups (host strains) that differ in their distribution among host plant species. The corn strain prefers crop plants such as corn, sorghum, and cotton, while the rice strain is found in small grasses such as Cynodon spp. and rice. Little is known about the physiological factors that drive this host preference. Here, we report a feeding study with natural host plants and an artificial diet containing cyanide. We ... | 2011 | 22173887 |
| Plasmid patterns of efficient and inefficient strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). | Bacillus thuringiensis harbors genes encoding Cry proteins found in chromosomes or plasmids of different sizes (4-150 Mb). Although the smaller plasmids are more abundant in B. thuringiensis, their specific function is unknown. As for the megaplasmids, their main recognized function is to harbor cry genes, although the sequencing of some of these plasmids indicates the occurrence of other important genes. This work used a new protocol for practical and rapid extraction of plasmid DNA in order to ... | 2011 | 22068947 |
| Laboratory and field evaluations of the efficacy of a fast-killing baculovirus isolate from Spodoptera frugiperda. | Three biopesticide parameters were evaluated for a fast-killing isolate (3AP2) and a wild-type isolate (Sf3) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). Both isolates were evaluated for virus production using in vivo methods, for speed of kill based on bioassay of applications to glasshouse-grown and field-grown plants, and for residual insecticidal activity of unformulated virus and an encapsulating formulation to provide UV protection. Two inoculation rates comparing relat ... | 2011 | 22100417 |
| protective efficacy of anopheles minimus cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3 against cytotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells. | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. the increased mrna expression of two p450 genes, cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant anopheles minimus, a major malaria vector in southeast asia, suggesting their role in detoxification of ... | 2011 | 22041748 |
| Ultra-structure and histochemistry of digestive cells of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) fed with prey reared on bt-cotton. | The toxic effects of Bt proteins from the body of the prey/host to predators and parasitoids have been investigated as a route of impact on non-target insects of Bt crops. This research aimed to analyze ultrastructural changes and histochemistry in digestive cells of the middle region of the midgut of Podisus nigrispinus fed, since its second instar, with Spodoptera frugiperda reared on Bt cotton variety Acala90 B, which expresses the toxin Cry 1Ac, and its non-Bt isoline Acala 90. Fragments of ... | 2012 | 21900014 |
| bioactivity of carica papaya (caricaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the composition of a chloroform seed extract of c. papaya was determined by gc-ms. nineteen compounds were identified, with oleic (45.97%), palmitic (24.1%) and stearic (8.52%) acids being the main components. the insecticidal and insectistatic activities of the extract and the three main constituents were tested. larval duration increased by 3.4 d and 2.5 d when the extract was used at 16,000 and 9,600 ppm, respectively, whereas the pupal period increased by 2.2 d and 1.1 d at the same concentr ... | 2011 | 21892128 |
| insecticide selectivity to two species of trichogramma in three different hosts, as determined by iobc/wprs methodology. | background: the use of trichogramma species is a potential key strategy in integrated pest management. however, its effectiveness depends on the use of chemicals that do not interfere with parasitism and parasite population growth. here, a study was made of the effects of synthetic insecticides on trichogramma pretiosum and trichogramma exiguum in different hosts (ephestia kuehniella, plutella xylostella and spodoptera frugiperda) and the influence of international organisation for biological co ... | 2011 | 21858909 |
| identification of specific sites in the third intracellular loop and carboxyl terminus of the bombyx mori pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor crucial for ligand-induced internalization. | sex pheromone production in most moths is mediated by the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor (pbanr). using fluorescent bombyx mori pbanr (bmpbanr) chimeras to study pbanr regulation, we previously showed that bmpbanr undergoes rapid ligand-induced internalization, that the endocytotic motif resides between residues 358-367 of the bmpbanr c terminus, and that the internalization pathway is clathrin-dependent. here, we sought to expand our understanding of the molecular mecha ... | 2011 | 21955122 |
| manduca sexta moricin promoter elements can increase promoter activities of drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes. | insects produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides (amps). induction of insect amp genes is regulated by the toll and imd (immune deficiency) pathways via nf-κb and gata factors. little is known about species-specific regulation of amp genes. in this report, we showed that activities of most manduca sexta and drosophila melanogaster amp gene promoters were regulated in a species-specific manner in drosophila (dipteran) s2 cells and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidopteran) sf9 cells. a κb-gata eleme ... | 2011 | 22005212 |
| development of quenching and washing protocols for quantitative intracellular metabolite analysis of uninfected and baculovirus-infected insect cells. | metabolomics refer to the global analysis of small molecule metabolites in a biological system, and can be a powerful tool to elucidate and optimize cellular processes, particularly when integrated into a systems biology framework. determining the endometabolome in cultured animal cells is especially challenging, due to the conflicting demands for rapid quenching of metabolism and retention of membrane integrity, while cells are separated from the complex medium. the challenge is magnified in vi ... | 2011 | 22166686 |
| quantitative proteomics of spodoptera frugiperda cells during growth and baculovirus infection. | baculovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells is a system of choice to produce a range of recombinant proteins, vaccines and, potentially, gene therapy vectors. while baculovirus genomes are well characterized, the genome of s. frugiperda is not sequenced and the virus-host molecular interplay is sparsely known. herein, we describe the application of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (silac) to obtain the first comparative proteome quantitation of s. frugiperda cells ... | 2011 | 22039490 |
| analysis of a naturally-occurring deletion mutant of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus reveals sf58 as a new per os infectivity factor of lepidopteran-infecting baculoviruses. | the nicaraguan population of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, sfmnpv-nic, is structured as a mixture of nine genotypes (a-i). occlusion bodies (obs) of sfmnpv-c, -d and -g pure genotypes are incapable of oral transmission; a phenotype which in sfmnpv-c and -d is due to the absence of pif1 and pif2 genes. the complete sequence of the sfmnpv-g genome was determined to identify possible factors involved in this phenotype. deletions of 4860bp (22,366-27,225) and 60bp (119,759-119 ... | 2012 | 22041202 |
| cellular vps4 is required for efficient entry and egress of budded virions of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | membrane budding is essential for the egress of many enveloped viruses, and this process shares similarities with the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (mvbs). in eukaryotic cells, the budding of intraluminal vesicles (ivls) is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt) machinery and some viruses require escrt machinery components or functions to bud from host cells. baculoviruses, such as autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), enter host c ... | 2012 | 22072775 |
| expression, purification, electron microscopy, n-glycosylation mutagenesis and molecular modeling of human p2x4 and dictyostelium discoideum p2xa. | the recent publication of the apo-, closed-state 3d crystal structure of zebrafish (zf) p2x4.1 has not only revolutionized the p2x research field, but also highlighted the need for further crystal structures, of receptors in different activation states, so that we can gain a complete molecular understanding of ion channel function. zfp2x4.1 was selected as a 3d-crystallization candidate because of its ability to form stable trimers in detergent solution, and purified from over-expression in bacu ... | 2011 | 21889489 |
| effects of hormone agonists on sf9 cells, proliferation and cell cycle arrest. | methoxyfenozide and methoprene are two insecticides that mimic the action of the main hormones involved in the control of insect growth and development, 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. we investigated their effect on the spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cell line. methoxyfenozide was more toxic than methoprene in cell viability tests and more potent in the inhibition of cellular proliferation. cell growth arrest occurred in the g2/m phase after a methoprene treatment and more modestly in g1 af ... | 2011 | 21991338 |
| haplotype identification within spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) corn and rice strains from colombia. | the fall army worm spodoptera frugiperda (smith) is a migratory important pest of corn, sorghum, rice, grass and bermudagrass in north and south america. this species has diverged into two genetically differentiated but morphologically identical strains, "the rice" and "the corn". they have been analyzed by sequencing the genes cytochrome oxydase i, ii and its1 from populations from the united states and brazil. however, no such studies were performed in colombia. in here, we identified 43 haplo ... | 2011 | 21952956 |
| Toxic effects of Citrus aurantium and C. limon essential oils on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). | Citrus aurantium and C. limon were selected in the search for natural plant insecticides. The essential oils of C. aurantium and C. limon and ethanol extracts of the seeds, pulp, albedo, and peel of C. aurantium were incorporated into the larval diet of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Larval and pupal mortality were quantified and adult malformation was observed. C aurantium essential oil had antifeedant action and the mixture of albedo ethanol extract and C aurantium essential oil ... | 2011 | 21941921 |