| seroepidemiologic survey in thailand of coxiella burnetii infection in cattle and chickens and presence in ticks attached to dairy cattle. | a seroepidemiologic survey of coxiella burnetii in cattle and chickens in thailand was carried out using indirect fluorescent antibody test. nine of the 130 serum samples from cattle were positive for antibodies against c. burnetii, with antibody titers ranging from 32 to 64. only one of 113 serum samples from chickens was seropositive, with antibody titer of 16. no c. burnetii-specific dna was detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism-nested pcr in spleens of cattle and chickens. ... | 2014 | 25417520 |
| epidemiological survey of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cattle in east darfur state, sudan. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv) of the genus nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. cchfv causes subclinical infection in domestic livestock and an often fatal hemorrhagic illness in humans, with approximately 30% mortality rates. in the present study, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in a total of 282 randomly selected cattle from five localities in east darfur state, sudan. the exposure status to cchf was determined using en ... | 2015 | 25898993 |
| minimum infection rate of ehrlichia minasensis in rhipicephalus microplus and amblyomma sculptum ticks in brazil. | a new genotype phylogenetically close to ehrlichia canis named as ehrlichia minasensis was identified infecting cattle and deer in canada, as well as rhipicephalus microplus ticks and cattle in brazil. although it was detected in r. microplus, little is known about the epidemiology of this ehrlichiosis, especially in other tick species. this study evaluated the minimum infection rate of e. minasensis in amblyomma sculptum and r. microplus ticks from locations where naturally infected cattle were ... | 2016 | 27084673 |
| in vitro culture of a novel genotype of ehrlichia sp. from brazil. | ehrlichiae are obligate intracytoplasmic gram-negative, tick-borne bacteria belonging to the anaplasmataceae family. ehrlichioses are considered emerging diseases in both humans and animals. several members of the genus ehrlichia have been isolated and propagated in vitro. this study describes the continuous propagation of a brazilian ehrlichia sp. isolate in ide8 tick cells, canine dh82 cells and bovine aorta cells. initially, the organisms were isolated from the haemolymph of a rhipicephalus ( ... | 2013 | 24589106 |
| ultrastructure of ehrlichia mineirensis, a new member of the ehrlichia genus. | recently, we reported the in vitro isolation and the molecular characterization of a new species of ehrlichia (ehrlichia mineirensis) from haemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. this organism shows an ortholog of ehrlichia canis major immunogenic protein gp36 with a new structure of tandem repeats. in the present study, we used electron microscopy (high pressure freezing and freeze substitution preparative techniques) to characterize morphologically this new agent gro ... | 2013 | 23998429 |
| laboratory scale production of recombinant haa86 tick protein in pichia pastoris and in escherichia coli system. | the commercial recombinant bm86-based vaccines against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in australia (tickgard™, tickgard plus™) and in cuba (gavac™) provided significant impetus to researchers globally to work on anti-tick vaccines. the bm86 homologue of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum izatnagar isolate, rhaa86, is considered a potent vaccine candidate against hyalomma tick species, transmitting animal and human diseases. the two expression systems, prokaryotic, using bacterial expression pla ... | 2016 | 27076316 |
| rmcystatin3, a cysteine protease inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes involved in immune response. | the rhipicephalus microplus tick is responsible for losses in the livestock production estimated in 2 billions usd. despite its economical importance the knowledge in tick's physiology is sparse. in order to contribute to this scenario we describe the characterization of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor named rmcystatin-3. purified recombinant rmcystatin-3 was able to inhibit cathepsin l (ki = 2.5 nm), bmcl1 (ki = 1.8 nm) and cathepsin b (ki = 136 nm). western blot and quantitative pcr analysis r ... | 2014 | 25064361 |
| subolesin: a candidate vaccine antigen for the control of cattle tick infestations in indian situation. | identification of cross-protective tick vaccine antigens is a challenging area of veterinary research. to address this challenge, a recently identified candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), was targeted in this research. the conservation of subolesin ortholog of hyalomma anatolicum and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus across different indian strains was 98.1-99.4% (within species), while at the amino acid level sub sequence homology was ≥53.2% (between tick species). recombinant ... | 2014 | 24795229 |
| sequence characterization and immunogenicity of cystatins from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | various classes of endopeptidases and their inhibitors facilitate blood feeding and digestion in ticks. cystatins, a family of tight-binding and reversible inhibitors of cysteine endopeptidases, have recently been found in several tick tissues. moreover, vaccine trials using tick cystatins have been found to induce protective immune responses against tick infestation. however, the mode of action of tick cystatins is still poorly understood, limiting the elucidation of their physiological role. a ... | 2013 | 24035585 |
| glutamate decarboxylase of the parasitic arthropods ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus microplus: gene identification, cloning, expression, assay development, identification of inhibitors by high throughput screening and comparison with the orthologs from drosophila melanogaster and mouse. | glutamate decarboxylase (l-glutamate 1-carboxylyase, e.c. 4.1.1.15, gad) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates. we report the identification, isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding gad from the parasitic arthropods ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) and rhipicephalus microplus (cattle tick). expression of the parasite gad genes and the corresponding drosophila melanogaster (frui ... | 2013 | 23220582 |
| [cloning and expression of triosephosphate isomerase gene of boophilus microplus]. | total rna was extracted from adult boophilus microplus. rt-pcr was used to amplify the gene and the fragment was subcloned into the expression vector pet-28a. the cloned gene was expressed in e. coli rosseta (de3), induced by iptg, and identified by sds-page. the results showed that the triosephosphate isomerase (tim) gene of b. microplus has 750bp and encodes 249 amino acids (genbank no. jx112888). the cloned tim gene shares 99% homology with that in tick embryos. the relative molecular weight ... | 2012 | 23072171 |
| characterization of a vitellogenin gene fragment in boophilus microplus ticks. | the objective of this study was to isolate, clone, and characterize a fragment of the vitellogenin (vg) gene from a b. microplus tick strain from mexico. using cdna and specific primers, an 1800-bp fragment was amplified, cloned, and transformed in into e. coli, and then sequenced. comparative analysis with a previously reported sequence showed 99% identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level. the predicted amino acid sequence of the mexican vg has 6 positive mutations. there is an inser ... | 2008 | 19120174 |
| an extraovarian aspartic protease accumulated in tick oocytes with vitellin-degradation activity. | an aspartic endopeptidase named thap, from the eggs of the tick riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus, has been suggested to be involved in vitellin-degradation. here we characterized this enzyme further, showing that thap mrna is present in the fat body, midgut and ovary of ticks, in two developmental stages (partially and fully engorged females). however, higher transcription levels were found in fully engorged vitellogenic females. the thap protein was detected in the haemolymph, midgut and fat ... | 2008 | 18782630 |
| hepatozoon and theileria species detected in ticks collected from mammals and snakes in thailand. | we report the detection of hepatozoon and theileria in 103 ticks from mammals and snakes in thailand. by using a genus-specific 18s rrna pcr, hepatozoon and theileria spp. were detected in 8% and 18%, respectively, of ticks (n=79) removed from mammals. of the ticks removed from snakes (n=24), 96% were infected with hepatozoon spp., but none were infected with theileria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that hepatozoon spp. detected from dermacentor astrosignatus and dermacentor auratus ticks from ... | 2015 | 25736475 |
| investigation of tick vectors of hepatozoon canis in brazil. | hepatozoon canis is a common apicomplexan parasite of dogs. in brazil, in addition to rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma cajennense, and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus have been suggested to act as vectors. the present study aimed to evaluate, under controlled conditions, the acquisition of h. canis by a. ovale, r. sanguineus, and a. cajennense after feeding on naturally infected dogs. cytological and histophatological examinations were performed to recover oocysts and oth ... | 2013 | 24209494 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in insect cadaver formulations for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | this study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains in insect cadaver formulations against rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent epns applied in cadavers of galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. in the first experiment, infected g. mellonela larvae were used as the source of epns. engorged females of r. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of g. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species o ... | 2014 | 24836639 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes associated with essential oil of lippia sidoides for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | in vitro effect of the association of the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 with the essential oil of lippia sidoides on engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus was assessed. engorged females with homogeneous weights (p >0.05) were divided into six groups of ten ticks each (each female = an experimental unit). in the treated groups, the ticks were exposed to the oil (40 μl/ml=4%) and nematodes (300 entomopathogenic nematodes (epns/t ... | 2014 | 24233407 |
| steinernema glaseri santa rosa strain (rhabditida: steinernematidae) and heterorhabditis bacteriophora cca strain (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) as biological control agents of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the present study was carried out to evaluate the action of steinernema glaseri santa rosa strain and heterorhabditis bacteriophora cca strain as biological control agents of boophilus microplus. engorged females ticks were distributed on petri dishes containing different concentrations of infective juvenile (ij) nematodes (0, 375, 500, 750, 1,500, 2,500, 5,000 and 25,000). the data showed a reduction of approximately 90% in the eggs laid at a concentration of 5,000 s. glaseri ijs and approximat ... | 2004 | 15480784 |
| lab-on-a-chip and sds-page analysis of hemolymph protein profile from rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infected with entomopathogenic nematode and fungus. | in the present study, lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis (loac) was suggested as an alternative method to the conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (sds-page) to analyze raw cell-free tick hemolymph. rhipicephalus microplus females were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae senso latu ibcb 116 strain and/or to the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica lpp1 strain. hemolymph from not exposed or exposed ticks was collected 16 and ... | 2016 | 27174026 |
| virulence of isaria sp. and purpureocillium lilacinum to rhipicephalus microplus tick under laboratory conditions. | rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini) is an ectoparasite accountable for great economic losses. the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control arthropods has shown promising responses. the present study evaluated the virulence of isaria farinosa (holmsk.) fr., isaria fumosorosea (wize) brown and smith, and purpureocillium lilacinum (=paecilomyces lilacinus) (thom.) samson to engorged females, eggs, and larvae of r. microplus. there were four treatment groups (10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) conidia ... | 2012 | 22710525 |
| does the effect of a metarhizium anisopliae isolate on rhipicephalus microplus depend on the tick population evaluated? | the filamentous fungus metarhizium anisopliae is an arthropod pathogen used in the biological control of pests in agriculture and livestock. the effect of the fungus m. anisopliae on ticks has been shown in experiments in vitro. the aim of the present study was to compare the susceptibility of different field isolates of rhipicephalus microplus to m. anisopliae. a total of 67 field isolates were evaluated. rhipicephalus microplus larvae were immersed in an m. anisopliae suspension (10(8) conidia ... | 2017 | 27908773 |
| acaricidal activity of metarhizium anisopliae isolated from paddocks in the mexican tropics against two populations of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | the acaricidal effects of 55 strains of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin, 1883 (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) isolated from paddocks of cattle farms were evaluated in two rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini 1887) (ixodida: ixodidae) populations, of which one was multi-resistant and one was susceptible to chemical acaricides. percentage mortality and reproductive efficiency indices in r. microplus were evaluated by adult immersion tests at a dose of 1 × 10(8) conidia/ml for each fung ... | 2017 | 27759176 |
| metarhizium anisopliae for controlling rhipicephalus microplus ticks under field conditions. | metarril sp organic is a product based on the fungus metarhizium anisopliae, which was developed for controlling agricultural pests. the present study evaluated the effect of metarril sp organic plus 10% mineral oil, for controlling rhipicephalus microplus under field conditions. three groups were formed: control group, which received no treatment; oil control group, which was bathed only with water, tween 80 and mineral oil; and metarril group, bathed in the oil-based formulation metarril sp or ... | 2016 | 27198775 |
| the influence of conidial pr1 protease on pathogenicity potential of metarhizium anisopliae senso latu to ticks. | pr1 is a subtilisin-like protease produced by metarhizium spp. entomopathogenic fungi, and it is recognized as heavily involved in the initial steps of the fungal invasion of arthropod-host cuticles. in the current study, correlation was sought between mortality of tick larvae and conidial pr1 levels of one metarhizium anisopliae senso latu (s.l.) isolate (cg 148). conidia with different levels of pr1 gene expression and enzymatic activity were obtained by producing them on either artificial med ... | 2015 | 25786608 |
| integrated control of an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus by applying metarhizium anisopliae associated with cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos under field conditions. | the efficacy of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control ticks has been shown in several in vitro experiments. however, few studies have been undertaken in field conditions in order to demonstrate the applicability of its use as a biological control of ticks and its combination with chemical acaricides. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of m. anisopliae to control an acaricide-resistant strain of rhipicephalus microplus under laboratory and field conditions. first, th ... | 2015 | 25577676 |
| commercial formulation of metarhizium anisopliae for the control of rhipicephalus microplus in a pen study. | the present study evaluated, for the first time, the effect of the commercial formulation metarril(®) sp organic of metarhizium anisopliae plus 10% mineral oil to control rhipicephalus microplus in a pen study. three groups were formed with six animals each: the first group was exposed to metarril(®) plus 10% mineral oil and 1% tween 80; the second group was exposed to sterile distilled water, mineral oil and tween 80 (oil control group); and the third group received no treatment (control group) ... | 2014 | 25086495 |
| enzymatic activities and effects of mycovirus infection on the virulence of metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus microplus. | the present study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of different metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates and to determine whether differences in enzymatic activities of proteases, lipases and chitinases and infection with mycoviruses affect the control of rhipicephalus microplus achieved by these fungal isolates. engorged female ticks were exposed to fungal suspensions. the lipolytic and proteolytic activities in the isolates were evaluated using chromogenic substrates and the chitinolytic ... | 2014 | 24661809 |
| virulence potential of metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae. | the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control arthropods has been reported worldwide for decades. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the virulence of 30 metarhizium anisopliae s.l. brazilian isolates from different geographical regions, hosts or substrates on the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks under in vitro conditions to the selection of virulent isolates in order to be further used in biological control programs. the current study confirmed the lethal action of m. ... | 2012 | 22840642 |
| resistant ticks inhibit metarhizium infection prior to haemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface. | we studied disease progression of, and host responses to, four species in the metarhizium anisopliae complex expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp). we compared development and determined their relative levels of virulence against two susceptible arthropods, the cattle tick rhipicephalus annulatus and the lepidopteran galleria mellonella, and two resistant ticks, hyalomma excavatum and rhipicephalus sanguineus. metarhizium brunneum ma7 caused the greatest mortality of r. annulatus, metarhizi ... | 2012 | 22507442 |
| effects of passages through a suitable host of the fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, on the virulence of acaricide-susceptible and resistant strains of the tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | the aim of this work was to assess the virulence of strain m379 of the fungus, metarhizium anisopliae (metchnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) after different passages through a suitable host and at different concentrations for the control of both acaricide-susceptible and resistant strains of the tick, rhipicephalus (formerly boophilus) microplus canestrini (ixodida:ixodidae) in vitro. the highest value of lc50 for the susceptible strain corresponded to zero passage with 7.68 × 107 ... | 2011 | 26983168 |
| egg wax from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus inhibits pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is constantly challenged during its life cycle by microorganisms present in their hosts or in the environment. tick eggs may be especially vulnerable to environmental conditions because they are exposed to a rich and diverse microflora in the soil. despite being oviposited in such hostile sites, tick eggs remain viable, suggesting that the egg surface has defense mechanisms against opportunistic and/or pathogenic organisms. r. microplus engorged females deposi ... | 2013 | 23583751 |
| cattle tick-associated bacteria exert anti-biofilm and anti-tritrichomonas foetus activities. | research on microbiota in cattle tick and the evaluation of its activity against other microorganisms can contribute to identify new molecules potentially useful to control infections caused by bacteria and protozoa. biofilms pose increasing problems worldwide, mainly due to their resistance to antimicrobial therapies and host immune response. in this study we investigate the ability rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus-associated bacteria may exhibit to produce anti-biofilm and trichomonicidal c ... | 2013 | 23434012 |
| a steroidal molecule present in the egg wax of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus inhibits bacterial biofilms. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus lays eggs in the soil near the roots of grass, or in similar highly moist environments that are prone to biofilm formation. tick eggs have a protective wax coating that may be a source of nutrients for microorganisms. however, as the eggs remain viable and show no visible signs of microbial colonization, we hypothesized that the coating might have anti-biofilm properties. we show here that the coating inhibits biofilm formation by both gram-neg ... | 2013 | 23419060 |
| detection of rickettsiae in fleas and ticks from areas of costa rica with history of spotted fever group rickettsioses. | outbreaks of spotted fevers have been reported in costa rica since the 1950s, although vectors responsible for transmission to humans have not been directly identified. in this study, species of rickettsia were detected in ectoparasites from costa rica, mostly from five study sites where cases of spotted fevers have been reported. ticks and fleas were collected using drag cloths or directly from domestic and wild animals and pooled according to species, host, and location. pools were analyzed in ... | 2016 | 27592065 |
| rickettsial infection in animals, humans and ticks in paulicéia, brazil. | a previous study in paulicéia municipality, south-eastern brazil, reported 9.7% of the amblyomma triste ticks to be infected by rickettsia parkeri, a bacterial pathogen that causes spotted fever in humans. these a. triste ticks were shown to be associated with marsh areas, where the marsh deer blastocerus dichotomus is a primary host for this tick species. during 2008-2009, blood serum samples were collected from 140 horses, 41 dogs, 5 opossums (didelphis albiventris) and 26 humans in farms from ... | 2015 | 25643912 |
| distribution of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) from panamanian urban and rural environments (2007-2013). | tick-borne rickettsiosis is an important emerging disease in panama; to date, there have been 12 confirmed cases, including eight fatalities. to evaluate the distribution of rickettsiae in panamanian ticks, we collected questing and on-host ticks in urban and rural towns in elevations varying between 0 and 2300 m. a total of 63 sites (13 urban and 50 rural towns) were used to develop models of spatial distributions. we found the following tick species: rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (present in 5 ... | 2016 | 27068930 |
| rickettsia sp. strain colombianensi (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae): a new proposed rickettsia detected in amblyomma dissimile (acari: ixodidae) from iguanas and free-living larvae ticks from vegetation. | from january to december 2009, 55 amblyomma dissimile (koch) ticks removed from iguanas in the municipality of monteria and 3,114 ticks [458 amblyomma sp. larvae, 2,636 rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini) larvae and 20 amblyomma sp. nymphs] collected over vegetation in los cordobas were included in the study. the ticks were pooled into groups from which dna was extracted. for initial screening of rickettsia sp., each pool was analyzed by glta real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). positive ... | 2012 | 22897060 |
| effective inhibition of thrombin by rhipicephalus microplus serpin-15 (rms-15) obtained in the yeast pichia pastoris. | the cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus) affects cattle industries in tropical and subtropical countries because it is the vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis which constitutes a threat to the health of cattle. during blooding feeding, ticks secrete saliva containing a complex of bioactive molecules into the injured site to evade host's defensive responses. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are important anti-haemostatic molecules present in tick saliva that are necessary for a successful ... | 2016 | 26530984 |
| protective immunity against tick infestation in cattle vaccinated with recombinant trypsin inhibitor of rhipicephalus microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, is regarded as the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock globally. control is achieved primarily through the use of acaricides. this approach is hampered by the development of resistance to commercial acaricides among cattle tick populations. vaccination against r. microplus infestation is another technology that can be integrated for effective cattle tick control. proteins belonging to the kunitz-bpti family are abundant in cattle tick s ... | 2012 | 22959980 |
| immunization of cattle with ra86 impedes rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal-to-adult molting. | commercial vaccines based on the tick gut protein bm86 have been successful in controlling the one-host tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and provide heterologous protection against certain other non-target ixodid tick species. this cross protection, however, does not extend to the three-host tick r. appendiculatus, the vector of the protozoan parasite theileria parva. when transmitted to cattle, t. parva causes the often fatal disease east coast fever. here, we used insect cell-expressed ... | 2012 | 22658857 |
| the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity. | isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ... | 2014 | 24365472 |
| chemo-profiling and bioassay of phytoextracts from ageratum conyzoides for acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle and buffaloes in india. | in india, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations have developed a certain level of resistance to most of the acaricides marketed against tick species. to manage the problem, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the acaricidal potential of ageratum conyzoides plants against acaricides-resistant ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes. the regression analysis of dose-response data of ethanolic extract of a. conyzoides revealed lc90 value of 8.91% against reference susceptible ivri-1 ... | 2016 | 26723275 |
| acaricidal effect of herbal extracts against cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using in vitro studies. | the crude methanolic extract of datura stramonium, azadirachta indica, and calotropis procera leaves, allium sativum (as) cloves, and carica papaya (cp) seeds collected from banaskanta, gujarat (india) was tested for its acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ... | 2014 | 24633906 |
| the chemosensory appendage proteome of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) reveals putative odorant-binding and other chemoreception-related proteins. | proteomic analyses were done on 2 chemosensory appendages of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. proteins in the fore tarsi, which contain the olfactory haller's organ, and in the palps, that include gustatory sensilla, were compared with proteins in the third tarsi. also, male and female ticks were compared. proteins were identified by sequence similarity to known proteins, and by 3-dimensional homology modeling. proteomic data were also compared with organ-specific transcriptomes from th ... | 2016 | 27307202 |
| the putative role of rhipicephalus microplus salivary serpins in the tick-host relationship. | inflammation and hemostasis are part of the host's first line of defense to tick feeding. these systems are in part serine protease mediated and are tightly controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, in the serpin superfamily (serine protease inhibitors). from this perspective ticks are thought to use serpins to evade host defenses during feeding. the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus encodes at least 24 serpins, of which rms-3, rms-6, and rms-17 were previously identified in saliva of this ti ... | 2016 | 26844868 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of bolivia. | the tick species reported in bolivia are reviewed here as (1) endemic or established: ornithodoros echimys, o. guaporensis, o. hasei, o. kohlsi, o. mimon, o. peropteryx, o. rostratus, otobius megnini, amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, a. coelebs, a. dubitatum, a. humerale, a. incisum, a. longirostre, a. naponense, a. nodosum, a. oblongoguttatum, a. ovale, a. parvitarsum, a. parvum, a. pecarium, a. pseudoconcolor, a. rotundatum, a. scalpturatum, a. tigrinum, a. triste, dermace ... | 2014 | 24406053 |
| ticks infesting humans in northern misiones, argentina. | this work presents records of ticks infesting humans in northern misiones province, argentina. also, notes on potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens are included. a total of 282 ticks attached to researchers were collected and identified by their morphological characters. eight tick species were found: amblyomma brasiliense, amblyomma coelebs, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma incisum, amblyomma ovale, haemaphysalis juxtakochi, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus microplus. some of t ... | 2016 | 27135846 |
| tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases? | arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. a number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the devel ... | 2016 | 27146901 |
| acaricidal properties of vetiver essential oil from chrysopogon zizanioides (poaceae) against the tick species amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are arthropods widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, which can transmit infectious agents also responsible for zoonoses. excessive use of conventional acaricides has resulted in the onset of drug resistance by these parasites, thus the need to use alternative methods for their control. this study evaluated the acaricidal activities of chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) essential oils containing different zizanoic and khuzimol (high and low acidity) acid concentrations on a ... | 2015 | 26359641 |
| impact of humidity on clustered tick eggs. | eclosion of larvae from clustered tick eggs (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, and ±1,000 eggs) of rhipicephalus sanguineus (rs), rhipicephalus microplus (rm), amblyomma cajennense (ac), and dermacentor nitens (dn) was investigated at 43, 75, and > 98% relative humidity (rh) and 25 °c. susceptibility of eggs to dehydration varied among tick species (rs < rm < ac and dn) and the number of clustered eggs but even singularized eggs of all tested species matured, and larvae eclosed at rh > 98%. a minimum of ... | 2014 | 25199556 |
| environmentally associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. | herein, we report tick species found on wild and domestic animals and in the environment during a one-year sampling period at the brazilian farming research company beef cattle unit (embrapa beef cattle), which is located within the urban area of campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. from 55 wild hosts including six different species (nasua nasua, cebus spp., cerdocyon thous, myrmecophaga tridactyla, tamandua tetradactyla and dasyprocta aguti), 323 ticks were collected. amblyomma ovale ticks ... | 2013 | 24252958 |
| amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) tick populations susceptible or resistant to acaricides in the mexican tropics. | the objectives of the present study were: (i) to identify the frequency of cattle farms with a cohabitation of amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus microplus, (ii) to determine the status of susceptibility or resistance to acaricides used in veracruz, mexico, on a. cajennense populations and (iii) to identify factors associated with a. cajennense resistant to acaricides. fifty farms were visited to determine the presence of ticks (a. cajennense and r. microplus) and to collect engorged a. caje ... | 2013 | 23827041 |
| ticks on birds in a savanna (cerrado) reserve on the outskirts of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil. | we report tick infestations on birds, in the environment and on domestic animals in a non-forested phytophysiognomy, the savanna-like cerrado sensu stricto, in a natural reserve on the outskirts of the urban area of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil. overall, 238 birds within 50 species, 15 families and six orders were caught. passeriformes were the most numerous, with 216 birds (90.75%), among which 22 had ticks (n = 31). within this order, the prevalence of tick infestation was 10.2%, and the a ... | 2013 | 23471429 |
| chemical identification of tagetes minuta linnaeus (asteraceae) essential oil and its acaricidal effect on ticks. | the control of tick species that affect animal production is vital for the economic welfare of the cattle industry. this study focused on testing the acaricidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves and stems of tagetes minuta against several brazilian tick species, including rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma cajennense and argas miniatus. the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by chromatography and spectroscopy analyses, which ... | 2013 | 23295821 |
| efficacy of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 against hyalomma dromedarii and amblyomma cajennense tick infestations in camels and cattle. | the recombinant bm86-based tick vaccines have shown their efficacy for the control of cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and r. annulatus infestations. however, cattle ticks often co-exist with multi-host ticks such as hyalomma and amblyomma species, thus requiring the control of multiple tick infestations for cattle and other hosts. vaccination trials using a r. microplus recombinant bm86-based vaccine were conducted in cattle and camels against hyalomma dromedarii and in cattle ... | 2012 | 22446633 |
| shifts in the distribution of ixodid ticks parasitizing cattle in zimbabwe. | in an attempt to update information on the ecological distribution of ixodid ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) in zimbabwe, a cross-sectional survey was carried out between september 2013 and may 2015 at 322 dip tanks. a total of 15 tick species were collected, namely: amblyomma hebraeum koch (65.2%, n = 210/322), amblyomma variegatum fabricius (14.9%, n = 48/322), hyalomma rufipes koch (62.4%, n = 201/322), hyalomma truncatum koch (37.9%, n = 122/322), rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann (60.6%, n = 1 ... | 2017 | 27935088 |
| cloning and molecular analysis of voraxin-α gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | to identify suitable targets for development of cross-protective tick vaccine, in silico analysis was attempted and male tick derived molecule, voraxin-α was targeted. the voraxin-α homologue of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was cloned, sequenced and analyzed employing standard methods. the deduced amino acids sequence analysis of the 419 bp cloned voraxin-α gene of r. (b.) microplus indicated very high (94.6 %) similarity with voraxin-α of the r. appendiculatus and moderate to low identit ... | 2016 | 27065622 |
| genome-wide association study of tick resistance in south african nguni cattle. | ticks and tick-borne diseases are among the main causes of economic loss in the south african cattle industry through high morbidity and mortality rates. concerns of the general public regarding chemical residues may tarnish their perceptions of food safety and environmental health when the husbandry of cattle includes frequent use of acaricides to manage ticks. the primary objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers associated with host resistance to tic ... | 2016 | 26897394 |
| distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in free state province, south africa. | the distributions of endemic tick vector species as well as the presence of species not endemic to free state province, south africa, were determined during surveys or opportunistic collections from livestock, wildlife and vegetation. amongst endemic ticks, the presence of rhipicephalus appendiculatus was confirmed in the north of the province, whilst rhipicephalus decoloratus was collected at 31 localities mostly in the centre and east, and ixodes rubicundus at 11 localities in the south, south ... | 2015 | 26244582 |
| an update on the ecological distribution of the ixodidae ticks in zimbabwe. | in total 7657 ticks were collected from 121 dip tanks in 12 districts representative of zimbabwe's five ecological regions between september 2013 and may 2014. based on morphological traits four genera and 13 species of ticks were identified. amblyomma hebraeum (60.3 %), rhipicephalus microplus (58.7 %), rhipicephalus decoloratus (47.1 %), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (56.2 %), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (67.8 %), rhipicephalus (near) punctatus (13.2 %), hyalomma truncatum (38 %) and hyalomma ... | 2015 | 25721256 |
| hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) of livestock in nicaragua, with notes about distribution. | we document the species of ticks that parasitize livestock in nicaragua. the study was based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments. of 4841 animals examined (4481 cows and 360 horses), 3299 were parasitized, which represent 68 % of the bovines and 67 % of the equines in study: 59 cows and 25 horses were parasitized by more than one species. in addition, 280 specimens of the entomological museum in león were examined. the ticks found on cattle were rhipicephal ... | 2016 | 27392740 |
| nellore cattle (bos indicus) and ticks within the brazilian pantanal: ecological relationships. | pantanal is a huge floodplain mostly in brazil, and its main economic activity is extensive cattle raising, in farms characterized by an extremely wildlife-rich environment. we herein describe tick infestations of cattle and of the natural environment in pantanal of nhecolândia in brazil, at areas with and without cattle during both dry and wet seasons. environmental sampling resulted in three tick species: amblyomma sculptum (423 nymphs and 518 adults), amblyomma parvum (7 nymphs and 129 adults ... | 2016 | 26613758 |
| first occurrence of amblyomma ovale in the state of rio grande do norte, brazil. | this study aims to report the occurrence of parasitism by amblyomma ovale (koch, 1844) in dogs in the municipality of apodi, rio grande do norte, brazil. specimens were identified as being one female and two males of a. ovale, besides; the animal was infested by five females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and seven females and three males of r. sanguineus. the finding of a. ovale confirms results in the literature that these ticks, reported in several species of wild carnivores, can also ... | 2013 | 24252966 |
| ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the caribbean slope of costa rica. | reports on ectoparasites on dogs in central america are scarce. the aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the caribbean slope of costa rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. specimens were identified and separated according to species. fleas were the most common ectoparasite (g = 22,217, df = 8, p = 0.004). ctenocephalides felis and pulex sim ... | 2013 | 22832763 |
| ticks of australia. the species that infest domestic animals and humans. | the book australian ticks by f.h.s. roberts (1970) is a land-mark in australian tick biology. but it is time for a new and improved book on the ticks of australia. the present book has identification guides and accounts of the biology and diseases associated with the 16 species of ticks that may feed on domestic animals and humans in australia. these comprise five argasid (soft) ticks: argas persicus (poultry tick), argas robertsi (robert's bird tick), ornithodoros capensis (seabird soft tick), ... | 2014 | 24943801 |
| identification and characterization of a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus is one of the most important ectoparasites of bovines and is responsible for the transmission of different pathogens such as babesia and anaplasma. cysteine proteases are involved in several host-tick interactions including invasion of host tissues, immune evasion, pathogen transmission, embryogenesis and blood digestion. in this study, the gene encoding r. annulatus cathepsin l-like enzyme (racl1) was cloned into ptz57r/t vector, sequenced and analyz ... | 2016 | 26597589 |
| resistance status of ticks (acari; ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in isoka district, zambia. | this study was designed to obtain data on the farmer's approach to tick control and to determine whether rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuman, amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) were resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides, in isoka district, zambia. prevailing tick control practices were documented by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 80 randomly selected smallholder livestock farmers from four agricultural camps (longwe ... | 2015 | 26310511 |
| cattle ticks in cameroon: is rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus absent in cameroon and the central african region? | in most parts of the world, ticks are rapidly developing resistance to commonly used acaricides thus rendering control difficult. this constraint is further compounded by the introduction of new species in areas where they did not exist before. such is the case with the introduction into and rapid spread of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in some countries of west africa. with the looming threat of its further spread in the region, the objective of the present study was to update knowledge o ... | 2015 | 25575435 |
| in vitro activity of pineapple extracts (ananas comosus, bromeliaceae) on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | measures to control the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, based only on chemical products are becoming unsustainable, mainly because of the development of resistance. the objective of this study was to test the effect of the aqueous extract of pineapple skin (aeps) and bromelain extracted from the stem (sigma-aldrich®, b4882) on engorged females and larvae of r. (b.) microplus in vitro. these substances were diluted in water and evaluated at eight concentrations. engorged females ... | 2013 | 23541882 |
| entomopathogenic marine actinomycetes as potential and low-cost biocontrol agents against bloodsucking arthropods. | a novel approach to control strategies for integrated blood-feeding parasite management is in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. the present study aims to determine the efficacy of optimized crude extract of actinomycetes strain lk1 as biological control agent against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) and adults of haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae), and hippobosca ... | 2013 | 24013340 |
| efficacy of larvicidal activity of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using mangifera indica extract against blood-feeding parasites. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are considered to be among the best photocatalytic materials due to their long-term thermodynamic stability, strong oxidizing power, and relative non-toxicity. nano-preparations with tio2 nps are currently under investigation as novel treatments for acne vulgaris, recurrent condyloma acuminata, atopic dermatitis, hyperpigmented skin lesions, and other non-dermatologic diseases. the present study was to investigate the acaricidal and larvicidal activity o ... | 2015 | 25403378 |
| solanum trilobatum extract-mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to control pediculus humanus capitis, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and anopheles subpictus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are widely used in paints, printing ink, rubber, paper, cosmetics, sunscreens, car materials, cleaning air products, industrial photocatalytic processes, and decomposing organic matters in wastewater due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was conducted to assess the antiparasitic efficacies of synthesized tio2 nps utilizing leaf aqueous extract of solanum trilobatum against the adult head louse, pediculus hum ... | 2014 | 24265057 |
| eco-friendly approach using marine actinobacteria and its compounds to control ticks and mosquitoes. | ticks and mosquitoes are ectoparasitic arthropods that can transmit a variety of diseases to humans and animals during blood feeding and causing serious infectious disorders. the purpose of the present study was to assess the acaricidal and insecticidal property of ethyl acetate extract and its compounds isolated from marine actinobacteria, streptomyces vitstk7 sp. against the larvae of cattle ticks, haemaphysalis bispinosa and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae); fourth-instar ... | 2013 | 23180127 |
| novel and simple approach using synthesized nickel nanoparticles to control blood-sucking parasites. | the present study was on assessment of the anti-parasitic activities of nickel nanoparticles (ni nps) against the larvae of cattle ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum (acari: ixodidae), fourth instar larvae of anopheles subpictus, culex quinquefasciatus and culex gelidus (diptera: culicidae). the metallic ni nps were synthesized by polyol process from ni-hydrazine as precursor and tween 80 as both the medium and the stabilizing reagent. the synthesiz ... | 2013 | 23040768 |
| in vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity of novel green silver nanoparticles against deltamethrin resistance rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | an investigation was undertaken to study, for the first time, in vitro acaricidal activity of green silver nanoparticles on deltamethrin resistance rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the compounds tested were neem coated silver nanoparticles (n-ag nps), deltamethrin neem coated silver nanoparticles (dn-ag nps), 2, 3 dehydrosalannol (2,3 dhs), 2, 3 dhs coated silver nanoparticles (2, 3-dhs-ag nps), quercetin dihydrate (qdh) and qdh coated silver nanoparticles (qdh-ag nps). also included in this ... | 2017 | 28246003 |
| weight gain and control of endo- and ectoparasites of beef heifers treated with allopathic, herbal and homeopathic drugs. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbal, homeopathic and allopathic treatments for parasites in beef heifers during two experimental cycles of 318 and 313 days. | 2014 | 24473874 |
| ectoparasites of livestock, dogs, and wild rodents in the chittagong hill tracts in southeastern bangladesh. | a large variety of ectoparasites parasitizing on livestock, dogs, and rodents are documented throughout the world, of which several are proven vectors for major (including zoonotic) diseases affecting humans and/or livestock. however, there remains a significant lack of knowledge in regard to the ectoparasite fauna in remote regions of the developing world, such as southeastern bangladesh, and an urgent need to investigate this fauna to improve diagnostic options. in the course of the present st ... | 2012 | 22576854 |
| amitraz and its metabolite differentially activate α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors. | amitraz is a formamidine acaricide and insecticide used to control ticks, mites and fleas. n(2) -(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n(1) -methyformamidine (dpmf), a metabolite of amitraz, is thought to be an active agent that exerts acaricidal and insecticidal effects by acting as an agonist on octopamine receptors. the emergence of cattle ticks resistant to amitraz is a serious problem that requires urgent attention. the objective of this research was to determine which type of octopamine receptor is the pri ... | 2017 | 27484898 |
| molecular characterization of dsc1 orthologs in invertebrate species. | dsc1 and bsc1 are two founding members of a novel family of invertebrate voltage-gated cation channels with close structural and evolutionary relationships to voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. in this study, we searched the published genome sequences for dsc1 orthologs. dsc1 orthologs were found in all 48 insect species, and in other invertebrate species belonging to phyla mollusca, cnidaria, hemichordata and echinodermata. however, dsc1 orthologs were not found in four arachnid species ... | 2012 | 22321571 |
| immune recognition of salivary proteins from the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus differs according to the genotype of the bovine host. | males of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus produce salivary immunoglobulin-binding proteins and allotypic variations in igg are associated with tick loads in bovines. these findings indicate that antibody responses may be essential to control tick infestations. infestation loads with cattle ticks are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, in others, few ticks feed and they reproduce inefficiently. different patterns of humoral immunity against tick sali ... | 2017 | 28288696 |
| immune and biochemical responses in skin differ between bovine hosts genetically susceptible and resistant to the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | ticks attach to and penetrate their hosts' skin and inactivate multiple components of host responses in order to acquire a blood meal. infestation loads with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, whereas in others, few ticks feed and reproduce efficiently. | 2017 | 28143523 |
| role of rhipicephalus microplus cheliceral receptors in gustation and host differentiation. | rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle worldwide. it is known that zebuine breeds of cattle are less susceptible to tick infestation than taurine breeds. contact chemoreceptors in the cheliceral pit sensilla of ticks respond selectively to phagostimulant compounds, however their role in blood feeding relative to host susceptibility to infestation remains to be fully understood. we addressed this topic by conducting taste electrophysiology exp ... | 2015 | 25616714 |
| host resistance in cattle to infestation with the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | resistance to rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle has many effector mechanisms, each of which is likely to be modulated by complex, interacting factors. some of the mechanisms of host resistance and their modulating factors have been identified and quantified, although much remains to be explained. the variation in resistance to tick infestation is most marked between bos taurus and bos indicus cattle, taurine cattle given the same exposure carrying between five and 10 times as many ti ... | 2014 | 25313455 |
| microarray analysis of tick-infested skin in resistant and susceptible cattle confirms the role of inflammatory pathways in immune activation and larval rejection. | tick bites promote activation of an inflammatory process that is influenced by bovine genetic composition and its history of previous exposure. taurine and indicine breeds are known to differ on its immune response development against rhipicephalus microplus. nevertheless, further investigation about the complex molecular pathways involved in the development of immune response to tick infestation in cattle presenting the same genetic background is mandatory. the aim of this work was to access th ... | 2014 | 25108850 |
| expression of immune response genes in peripheral blood of cattle infested with rhipicephalus microplus. | the bovine tick rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for severe economic losses in tropical cattle production. bos indicus breeds are more resistant to tick infestations than are bos taurus breeds, and the understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in this difference is important for the development of new methods of parasite control. we evaluated differences in the transcript expression of genes related to the immune response in the peripheral blood of cattle previously characteri ... | 2014 | 24938612 |
| tissue expression and the host's immunological recognition of a rhipicephalus microplus paramyosin. | rhipicephalus microplus is a parasite that causes economic losses in cattle herds, and immunological control is the most promising alternative to replace chemical control. the muscular protein paramyosin has been additionally found in non-muscle tissues and characterized as presenting activities that enable the evasion of the host's immune system in various parasites. this report investigated the recognition level of paramyosin by sera of infested bovines, its expression in tissues, organs and d ... | 2013 | 23906807 |
| rhipicephalus microplus lipocalins (lrms): genomic identification and analysis of the bovine immune response using in silico predicted b and t cell epitopes. | the attachment to host skin by rhipicephalus microplus larvae induces a series of physiological events at the attachment site. the host-parasite interaction might induce a rejection of the larvae, as is frequently observed in bos taurus indicus cattle, and under certain conditions in bos taurus taurus cattle. ticks deactivate the host rejection response by secreting specific proteins and lipids that play an essential role in manipulation of the host immune response. the available genomic informa ... | 2013 | 23747800 |
| association of bovine toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration. | we investigated a possible association between bovine toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) and resistance to tick infestation in 103 cattle, including bmy cattle (1/2 brahman, 1/4 murray grey, and 1/4 yunnan yellow cattle), brahman, and red angus grazing on improved pasture. the tick infestation weight and number of rhipicephalus microplus and the blood histamine concentration were measured and compared with those of 32 chinese holsteins and 30 simmentals. a 228-bp fragment was amplified and sequenced to ... | 2013 | 23479166 |
| partial selective treatment of rhipicephalus microplus and breed resistance variation in beef cows in rio grande do sul, brazil. | rhipicephalus microplus infestation causes heavy losses in cattle. the majority of farmers control the cattle tick by using long-acting drugs throughout the year, which evidently increases selection pressure for drug resistance. partial selective treatment (pst) may be used to directly reduce selection pressure by treating only the portion of the herd that is most infested. the objective of this work was to determine the effect of pst in two herds of beef cows and the effect of breed tolerance. ... | 2013 | 23219046 |
| evaluation of different extracts and synthesised silver nanoparticles from leaves of euphorbia prostrata against haemaphysalis bispinosa and hippobosca maculata. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activity to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of euphorbia prostrata ait. (euphorbiaceae) and synthesised ag nanoparticles (nps) using aqueous leaf extract against the adult cattle tick haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann (acarina: ixodidae) and the haematophagous fly hippobosca maculata leach (diptera: hippoboscidae). synthesised ag nps were characterised with ult ... | 2012 | 22429701 |
| efficacy of rbm86 against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (ivri-i line) and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (ivri-ii line) infestations on bovine calves. | with an aim to evaluate the protective potentiality of rbm86 against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus indian veterinary research institute (ivri)-i line and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ivri-ii line infestations on crossbred (bos indicus × bos taurus) calves, 20 animals of 3 months of age were randomly divided in to four equal groups and maintained in tick-proof conditions. animals of groups 1 and 2 were immunized with 2 ml of rbm86 (100 μg)-based vaccine (procured from revetmex s.a. de c.v ... | 2012 | 22422293 |
| a new method for in vitro feeding of rhipicephalus australis (formerly rhipicephalus microplus) larvae: a valuable tool for tick vaccine development. | rhipicephalus microplus is a hard tick that has a major impact on cattle health in tropical and subtropical regions because it feeds on cattle and is implicated in the transmission of pathogens that cause diseases such as bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis. presently, acaricides are used to control tick infestation but this is becoming increasingly less effective due to the emergence of tick strains that are resistant to one or more classes of acaricides. anti-tick vaccines are a promising alter ... | 2017 | 28335800 |
| molecular and functional characterization of bm05br antigen from rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus is a cattle-specific tick, causing considerable losses in the livestock industry. the identification of molecules responsible for modulation of host defenses during different parasite stages can help in the development of alternative methods, such as vaccination, to control tick infestations. hq05, a protein of unknown function identified in the tick haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, induced a significant protective immune response when used as a vaccine in sheep. in the presen ... | 2017 | 28043800 |
| arsenic solid-phase speciation and reversible binding in long-term contaminated soils. | historic arsenic contamination of soils occurs throughout the world from mining, industrial and agricultural activities. in australia, the control of cattle ticks using arsenicals from the late 19th to mid 20th century has led to some 1600 contaminated sites in northern new south wales. the effect of aging in as-mobility in two dip-site soil types, ferralitic and sandy soils, are investigated utilizing isotopic exchange techniques, and synchrotron x-ray adsorption spectroscopy (xas). findings sh ... | 2017 | 27916260 |
| identification of immunogenic proteins from ovarian tissue and recognized in larval extracts of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, through an immunoproteomic approach. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle and act as vectors for disease-causing microorganisms. conventional tick control is based on the use of chemical acaricides; however, their uncontrolled use has increased tsresistant tick populations, as well as food and environmental contamination. alternative immunological tick control has shown to be partially effective. the only anti-tick vaccine commercially available at present in the world is ba ... | 2016 | 27729251 |
| emerging borreliae - expanding beyond lyme borreliosis. | lyme borreliosis (or lyme disease) has become a virtual household term to the exclusion of other forgotten, emerging or re-emerging borreliae. we review current knowledge regarding these other borreliae, exploring their ecology, epidemiology and pathological potential, for example, for the newly described b. mayonii. these bacteria range from tick-borne, relapsing fever-inducing strains detected in some soft ticks, such as b. mvumii, to those from bat ticks resembling b. turicatae. some of these ... | 2017 | 27523487 |
| evaluation of tea tree oil for controlling rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cows. | our research aimed to test the effects of melaleuca alternifolia oil (pure and in nanocapsules) in the control of rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle. for this purpose, the in vivo studies used 15 cows distributed in three different groups with the same number of animals. five cows remained untreated (group a), representing the control group; other five cows were sprayed with tto (at 5%) in its pure form (group b); and five cows were sprayed with nanocapsules of tto (at 0.75%) (group c). on ... | 2016 | 27369577 |
| evaluation of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistance to different acaricide formulations using samples from brazilian properties. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for considerable economic losses in brazil, causing leather damage, weight loss and reduced milk production in cattle and results in the transmission of pathogens. currently, the main method for controlling this tick is using acaricides, but their indiscriminate use is one of the major causes of resistance dissemination. in this study, the adult immersion test (ait) was used to evaluate resistance in ticks from 28 properties located in ... | 2016 | 27334816 |
| evaluation of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistance to different acaricide formulations using samples from brazilian properties. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for considerable economic losses in brazil, causing leather damage, weight loss and reduced milk production in cattle and results in the transmission of pathogens. currently, the main method for controlling this tick is using acaricides, but their indiscriminate use is one of the major causes of resistance dissemination. in this study, the adult immersion test (ait) was used to evaluate resistance in ticks from 28 properties located in ... | 2016 | 27276667 |
| cytotoxic effects of extract of acmella oleraceae (jambú) in rhipicephalus microplus females ticks. | the present study analyzed the effects of different concentrations of the hexane extract of a. oleraceae (heao) (jambú) on the germ cells of semi-engorged rhipicephalus microplus female ticks, through a morpho-histological study, evaluating the effectiveness of the extract in the genesis of the individuals. to perform this analysis, 100 semi-engorged females were divided into five groups with 20 individuals each: groups i and ii, respectively constituted by distilled water control and 50% ethano ... | 2016 | 27271726 |