| successful early diagnosis and treatment in a case of toxocara canis-induced eosinophilic myocarditis with eosinophil-rich pericardial effusion. | fulminant myocarditis can become fatal if left untreated. treatments for most types of myocarditis, including mechanical support, are limited. however, immediate systemic corticosteroids are known to be effective against eosinophilic myocarditis; therefore, prompt diagnosis of this disease is crucial. unfortunately, the standard diagnostic tool for myocarditis, endomyocardial biopsy, does not provide immediate histopathological findings. thus, a rapid diagnostic tool for identifying types of myo ... | 2015 | 26338242 |
| larval migration of the ascarid nematode toxocara canis following infection and re-infection in the gerbil meriones unguiculatus. | a morphological and immunohistochemical study of larval migration patterns was performed in gerbils that were infected once (primary infected group) or twice (secondary infected group) with 1500 eggs of toxocara canis. animals from the primary infected and the re-infected group were killed at different times after infection, and larvae were counted in the intestines, liver, lungs and brain. fragments of all organs were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for histology and immunohistochemistry a ... | 2016 | 26337823 |
| determination of anthelmintic efficacy against toxocara canis in dogs by use of capsule endoscopy. | industry guidelines for anthelmintic testing call for postmortem inspection of animals to verify treatment efficacy. a previous study showed that capsule endoscopy (ce) can be performed on dogs in vivo to quantify hookworms in the small intestine. adoption of a minimally invasive procedure such as this could reduce the need for necropsy in efficacy trials. the present study employed ce to enumerate toxocara canis in dogs, with two main goals: to determine if multiple capsule examinations improve ... | 2015 | 26321133 |
| deglycosylation of toxocara excretory-secretory antigens improves the specificity of the serodiagnosis for human toxocariasis. | serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is difficult in tropical areas where other helminthiasis are endemic. many studies have shown that glycans from helminths may be the responsible for cross-reactions in the immunoassays. in this study, we have evaluated the deglycosylation of the toxocara canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigens for the detection of igg antibodies using a panel of 228 serum samples (58 patients with toxocariasis, 75 patients with other helminth infections and 95 healthy individ ... | 2015 | 26315805 |
| soil contamination with toxocara spp. eggs in public parks of mashhad and khaf, north east of iran. | toxocariasis is an important disease caused by the larvae of parasitic worms such as toxocara canis and t. cati. public parks can be the source of toxocariasis for small children. this survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocara spp. ova in parks of mashhad and khaf northeastern iran. | 2017 | 26246828 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxocariasis in preschool children in aragua state, venezuela. | toxocariasis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by the nematode toxocara canis. in venezuela, the magnitude of the disease is unknown and seroepidemiological studies have not been previously carried out in aragua state. | 2015 | 26217045 |
| study of toxocara seropevalence among patients with allergy and healthy individuals in bulgaria. | data in the literature addressing the ability of toxocara infection in humans to induce development of atopic disease are controversial. aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-toxocara antibodies in three groups of people: subjects with allergic symptoms and presence of allergen-specific ige, subjects with allergic symptoms and absence of allergen-specific ige, and clinically healthy blood donors. serum samples from all subjects were tested by elisa and western blot for pre ... | 2015 | 26216158 |
| anthelmintic activity of lapachol, β-lapachone and its derivatives against toxocara canis larvae. | anthelmintics used for intestinal helminthiasis treatment are generally effective; however, their effectiveness in tissue parasitosis (i.e. visceral toxocariasis) is moderate. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of lapachol, β-lapachone and phenazines in relation to the viability of toxocara canis larvae. a concentration of 2 mg/ml (in duplicate) of the compounds was tested using microculture plates containing toxocara canis larvae in an rpmi-1640 environment, incubated a ... | 2015 | 26200958 |
| toxocariasis: a rare cause of multiple cerebral infarction. | toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms toxocara canis or toxocara cati, mostly due to accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs. clinical manifestations vary and are classified as visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans according to the organs affected. central nervous system involvement is an unusual complication. here, we report a case of multiple cerebral infarction and concurrent multi-organ involvement due to t. canis infestation of a previous healthy 39-year-o ... | 2015 | 26157596 |
| elisa-confirmed bilateral ocular toxocariasis with different features. | to report a rare case of bilateral ocular toxocariasis with a different clinical presentation in each eye. | 2015 | 26154694 |
| [the development and survival of toxocara canis eggs in the natural climatic conditions of gorno-altaisk]. | the time of development and survival of toxocara canis eggs in the soil of gorno-altaisk was experimen- tally investigated in 2011-2014. in july 2011, t.canis eggs matured at 3-5-cm soil depths from the stage of 1-2 blastomeres to invading larva within 12 days at a daily average temperature of +23°c and at a relative humidity of 82%. at 3-5-cm soil depths, more than 70% of invaded t. canis eggs preserved their viability through- out the experimental period (4 years). the paper gives evidence for ... | 2015 | 26152039 |
| toxocara canis infection: unusual trigger of systemic lupus erythematosus. | infection by toxocara canis can cause systemic vasculitis. we report here a unique case of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) triggered by t. canis infection. an 8-year-old girl was treated with albendazole therapy for common toxocariasis, but she developed two weeks later, asthenia, fever, infiltrated maculopapular eruption of the face, peripheral vascular disease with necrosis of the fingers and inflammatory anemia with proteinuria. anti-nuclear, anti-dna and anti-sm antibodies positivity, tog ... | 2015 | 26147636 |
| new insights into the immunopathology of early toxocara canis infection in mice. | nematodes of the genus toxocara are cosmopolitan roundworms frequently found in dogs and cats. toxocara spp. can accidentally infect humans and cause a zoonosis called human toxocariasis, which is characterized by visceral, ocular or cerebral migration of larval stages of the parasite, without completing its life cycle. in general, chronic nematode infections induce a polarized th2 immune response. however, during the initial phase of infection, a strong pro-inflammatory response is part of the ... | 2015 | 26135397 |
| seroepidemiology of toxocariasis and its clinical implications in gwangju and jeonnam-province, korea. | we investigated the seroepidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients suspected to have toxocariasis in gwangju and jeonnam-province, korea. in total, 228 specimens were analyzed for anti-toxocara canis igg at two university hospitals from 2010 to 2012. the overall seropositive rate was 67.1%, and the seropositive rates among the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups were 76.1% (105/138) and 53.3% (48/90), respectively. risk factors for eosinophilia and toxocariasis we ... | 2015 | 26131418 |
| a comparison of mini-flotac and flotac with classic methods to diagnosing intestinal parasites of dogs from brazil. | dogs may be affected by different species of gastrointestinal parasites which present great importance in veterinary medicine and public health. several techniques to diagnosing these parasites have been proposed, but different performances achieved by each method make difficult the choice of the best technique to be used. in this study, the performance of two classic methods (i.e., willis and hoffman techniques) and two recent techniques (i.e., flotac and mini-flotac) to diagnosing gastrointest ... | 2015 | 26122998 |
| the prevalence of toxocariasis and diagnostic value of serologic tests in asymptomatic korean adults. | toxocariasis is the most common cause of peripheral blood eosinophilia in korea and produces eosinophilic infiltration in various organs, including the lung. however, the prevalence of toxocariasis in the general population is rarely reported. | 2015 | 26122506 |
| effects of toxocara larvae on brain cell survival by in vitro model assessment. | neuroinvasive larvae of the common dog and cat roundworms, toxocara canis and toxocara cati, may cause severe neurological and neuropsychological disturbances in humans. despite their pathogenic potential and high prevalence worldwide, little is known about their cell-specific influences and cerebral host-pathogen interactions in neurotoxocarosis. to address this discrepancy, a co-culture system of viable larvae with murine neuronal (cad), oligodendrocytal (bo-1) and microglial (bv-2) cell lines ... | 2015 | 26080924 |
| an alternative method for producing toxocara canis second stage larvae from a paratenic host (pigeon) for mrna extraction purpose. | toxocara canis is a prevalent zoonotic parasite which can cause serious disease in puppies and humans. excretory-secretory and coating antigens of the second stage larvae (l2) are the best targets for performing immunodiagnostic and also immunoprophylactic tests. various hatching methods have been described to bring out l2 from the resistant infective egg shell; but these methods are difficult to do and have had different results when performed by different practitioners. in this study, second s ... | 2015 | 26063997 |
| production of toxocara cati tes-120 recombinant antigen and comparison with its t. canis homolog for serodiagnosis of toxocariasis. | toxocariasis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused by the infective larvae of toxocara canis and t. cati. diagnosis in humans is usually based on clinical symptoms and serology. immunoglobulin g (igg)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits using t. canis excretory-secretory (tes) larval antigens are commonly used for serodiagnosis. differences in the antigens of the two toxocara species may influence the diagnostic sensitivity of the test. in this study, t. cati recombinant tes-120 (rtes-120 ... | 2015 | 26033026 |
| molecular mechanism of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (pp1cα-pp1r7) in spermatogenesis of toxocara canis. | toxocariasis is one of the most important, but neglected, zoonoses, which is mainly caused by toxocara canis. to better understand the role of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) in reproductive processes of male adult t. canis, differential expression analysis was used to reveal the profiles of pp1 catalytic subunit α (pp1cα) gene tc-stp-1 and pp1 regulatory subunit 7 (pp1r7) gene tcm-1309. indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry was carried out to determine the subcellular distribut ... | 2015 | 26026715 |
| successful capture of toxocara canis larva antigens from human serum samples. | toxocara canis is a nematode that parasitizes dogs, while humans are paratenic hosts. when humans are infected the migrating larvae damage the liver, lungs and even the nervous system. larva migrans diagnosis is based on immunological techniques; however, the commercial immunodiagnostic kits detect anti-t. canis antibodies which may cross-react with other parasites, mainly nematodes with extra-intestinal migration. moreover, antibodies do not necessarily reflect an active infection; so detection ... | 2015 | 25952316 |
| field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis. | human toxocariasis which is caused mainly by the larvae of toxocara canis and toxocara cati, is a worldwide zoonotic disease that can be a potentially serious human infection. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using t. canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigens harvested from t. canis larvae is currently the serological test for confirming toxocariasis. an alternative to producing large amounts of toxocara tes and improved diagnosis for toxocariasis is through the development of highly ... | 2015 | 25910623 |
| enhanced resolution of eosinophilic liver abscess associated with toxocariasis by albendazole treatment. | visceral larva migrans, caused by toxocara canis and toxocara cati, has emerged as a significant cause of eosinophilic liver abscess (ela). differentiation of ela associated with toxocariasis (ela-t) from metastasis or primary liver malignancy is sometimes difficult. however, the role of albendazole treatment remains uncertain in this condition. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether albendazole can enhance the radiologic resolution of ela-t. | 2015 | 25896156 |
| toxocariasis: an unusual cause of pleural effusion. | toxocara canis, one of the most frequent parasites worldwide, rarely triggers respiratory symptoms. we report the case of a 5-year-old girl hospitalized for a unilateral eosinophilic pleural effusion due to toxocara canis. besides the fact that she was living in a squat, no other medical condition was reported. there was no other site of infection caused by the parasite and she was successfully treated with albendazole. this case report is obviously unique as very few cases of pleural effusion d ... | 2015 | 25847394 |
| microarray gene expression analysis reveals major differences between toxocara canis and toxocara cati neurotoxocarosis and involvement of t. canis in lipid biosynthetic processes. | toxocara canis and toxocara cati are globally occurring intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats with a high zoonotic potential. migrating larvae in the cns of paratenic hosts, including humans, may cause neurotoxocarosis resulting in a variety of neurological symptoms. toxocara canis exhibits a stronger affinity to the cns than t. cati, causing more severe neurological symptoms in the mouse model. pathomechanisms of neurotoxocarosis as well as host responses towards the respective parasite are mos ... | 2015 | 25843806 |
| seroprevalence, disease awareness, and risk factors for toxocara canis infection among primary schoolchildren in makoko, an urban slum community in nigeria. | in this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection in southern nigeria, which previously was unknown, in addition to evaluating disease awareness and potential risk factors for schoolchildren in an urban slum community. in total, 366 primary schoolchildren were investigated for the presence of anti-toxocara igg antibodies. blood was collected and screened by a western blot analysis based on the excretory-secretory antigens of larval t. canis (tces), targeting low molec ... | 2015 | 25812836 |
| vasculitis secondary to anti-c1q antibodies induced by toxocariasis. | vasculitides occurring during parasitic infection are rare and may imply different mechanisms. | 2015 | 25808264 |
| epidemiology of human toxocariasis in poland - a review of cases 1978-2009. | toxocariasis is a helminthozoonosis due to the infection of humans with larvae belonging to the toxocara genus. humans become infected as a result of accidental consumption of infected eggs containing third stage larvae (l3) nematodes from toxocara canis or toxocara cati species. toxocariasis was recognized for the first time in the early 1950s, and the first cases of toxocariasis in poland were described a few years later. toxocariasis is clinically classified into several types: classic and in ... | 2015 | 25780823 |
| neurotoxocarosis alters myelin protein gene transcription and expression. | neurotoxocarosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by migrating larvae of the common dog and cat roundworms (toxocara canis and toxocara cati), which are zoonotic agents. as these parasites are prevalent worldwide and neuropathological and molecular investigations on neurotoxocarosis are scare, this study aims to characterise nerve fibre demyelination associated with neurotoxocarosis on a molecular level. transcription of eight myelin-associated genes (cnp, mag, mbp, mog, mrf- ... | 2015 | 25773181 |
| immunopathological changes in the brain of immunosuppressed mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis. | toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted helminthozoonosis due to infection of humans by larvae of toxocara canis. the disease could produce cognitive and behavioral disturbances especially in children. meanwhile, in our modern era, the incidence of immunosuppression has been progressively increasing due to increased incidence of malignancy as well as increased use of immunosuppressive agents. the present study aimed at comparing some of the pathological and immunological alterations in the brain of n ... | 2015 | 25748709 |
| toxocariasis diagnosed in international travelers at the institute of tropical medicine, antwerp, belgium, from 2000 to 2013. | although infection with toxocara canis or t. catis (commonly referred as toxocariasis) appears to be highly prevalent in (sub)tropical countries, information on its frequency and presentation in returning travelers and migrants is scarce. in this study, we reviewed all cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic toxocariasis diagnosed during post-travel consultations at the reference travel clinic of the institute of tropical medicine, antwerp, belgium. toxocariasis was considered as highly probable i ... | 2015 | 25746418 |
| [toxocara canis eggs as bait for soil fungus in a subtropical city]. | the use of different isolation techniques allows the recovery of fungi based on their ability to use selective substrates. the sprinkle method is a technique for the recovery of nematophagous fungi in the soil. these fungi are natural predators of nematodes and are widely distributed in nature. | 2015 | 25728877 |
| differential serodiagnostics of toxocara canis and toxocara cati--is it possible? | one of the most common zoonotic helminth infections is caused by species in the genus toxocara, particularly toxocara canis and t. cati (syn. t. mystax). however, their relative contribution to toxocarosis in humans remains largely unknown because causative larvae are seldom recovered and uncertainties regarding the validity of existing serological assays. in this study, we used sera from a pig model experimentally infected with t. canis and t. cati to evaluate whether a western blot could discr ... | 2015 | 25711956 |
| elevated trans-mammary transmission of toxocara canis larvae in balb/c mice. | toxocariasis is a widespread zoonosis and is considered an important worldwide public health problem. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of trans-mammary toxocara canis infection in newborn balb/c mice nursed by females experimentally infected with 1,200 eggs after delivery. after 50 days of age, the presence of larvae in different organs of the offspring was investigated. trans-mammary infection was confirmed in 73.9% of the mice that had been nursed by infected females. the ... | 2017 | 25651332 |
| genetic blueprint of the zoonotic pathogen toxocara canis. | toxocara canis is a zoonotic parasite of major socioeconomic importance worldwide. in humans, this nematode causes disease (toxocariasis) mainly in the under-privileged communities in developed and developing countries. although relatively well studied from clinical and epidemiological perspectives, to date, there has been no global investigation of the molecular biology of this parasite. here we use next-generation sequencing to produce a draft genome and transcriptome of t. canis to support fu ... | 2015 | 25649139 |
| differences in the clinical and radiological characteristics of lung-involved toxocariasis between toxocariasis with eosinophilia and those without eosinophilia. | previously, most studies did not discuss about the characteristics of lung-involved toxocariasis without eosinophilia. however, the patients are not always accompanied by eosinophilia, so it is necessary to learn about the clinical and radiologic features that may predict pulmonary toxocariasis without eosinophilia. in addition, we also want to check the differences in characteristics between the two groups based on the presence of eosinophilia. | 2014 | 25589970 |
| cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilia associated with toxocariasis. | cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilia is rare; when present, it manifests as ventricular thickening, usually with fibrous tissue and mural thrombosis. we present a case of a 57-year-old man with an abnormal right ventricular apex with eosinophilia, which was caused by toxocara canis infection. | 2014 | 25580199 |
| posterior uveitis or wet age-related macular degeneration? case report. | we present the case of a 61-year-old patient without previous ophthalmic or general history, who developed unilateral posterior pole granuloma and was diagnosed with posterior uveitis most likely due to a systemic toxocara canis infection. clinical examination and ancillary investigations showed elements that were also consistent with wet armd, but laboratory tests and successful use of oral anti-helminthic and corticosteroid therapy in decreasing the macular lesion and improving visual acuity, ... | 2016 | 27373119 |
| the hamster (mesocricetus auratus) as an experimental model of toxocariasis: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunoelectron microscopic findings. | toxocariasis is a globally distributed parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of toxocara spp. the typical natural hosts of the parasite are dogs and cats, but humans can be infected by the larval stage of the parasite after ingesting embryonated eggs in soil or from contaminated hands or fomites. the migrating larvae are not adapted to complete their life cycle within accidental or paratenic hosts like humans and laboratory animals, respectively, but they are capable of invading viscera ... | 2015 | 25518818 |
| significance of serum antibody test for toxocariasis in healthy healthcare examinees with eosinophilia in seoul and gyeongsangnam-do, korea. | there have been numerous reports on the relationship between eosinophilia and toxocariasis. the present study investigated seropositive rates of toxocariasis among healthy people with or without eosinophilia in urban and rural areas, and assessed risk factors for positive antibody test. a total of 610 healthy people, who visited health check-up (medicheck®, korea association of health promotion), 310 from seoul and 300 from gyeongsangnam-do, were subjected for this study. their serum samples wer ... | 2014 | 25469060 |
| toxocara canis in household dogs: prevalence, risk factors and owners' attitude towards deworming. | the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and risk factors for shedding of toxocara eggs were determined for 916 dutch household dogs older than 6 months. additionally, the owners answered a questionnaire about their dogs and their attitude towards routine deworming was assessed. faecal samples were examined using the centrifugal sedimentation flotation method. the overall prevalence of dogs shedding toxocara eggs was 4.6 %. multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk fo ... | 2015 | 25468379 |
| toxocara canis-associated visceral larva migrans of the liver. | | 2015 | 25462181 |
| adult ocular toxocariasis mimicking ciliary body malignancy. | purpose. to discuss an unusual presentation of ocular toxocariasis. methods. case report. results. a 40-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye with a long history of recurrent red eye from uveitis. eosinophilia and positive elisa titers for toxocara canis favored the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. over 3 months, an anterior scleral mass had a rapid growth raising the possibility of medulloepithelioma, which rarely can mimic uveitic syndromes. surgical plan changed from ... | 2014 | 25371681 |
| study on gastrointestinal zoonotic parasites in pet dogs in western iran. | dogs are the definitive or reservoirs hosts of more than 60 zoonotic parasites. this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (gi) parasites in pet dogs in hamedan, western iran. | 2014 | 25308454 |
| toxocara optic neuropathy after ingestion of raw meat products. | to report toxocara optic neuropathy in five men with histories of ingestion of raw meat, liver, or blood. | 2014 | 25303840 |
| research on toxocara canis antibodies obtained from patients with eosinophilia. | eosinophils may suggest the presence of a great variety of anomalies whereupon allergies, malignancies, certain tissue disorders, idiopathic hypereosynophilic syndrome and parasitic infections (with the exception of protozoons) can be cited as a few. although the clinical manifestations may differ, the eosinophils level is quite an important data in cases related to the helminth infections. similarly, in parasitic infections related to larva migrans (visceral, cutaneous, ocular), the eosinophils ... | 2014 | 25297021 |
| determination of igg avidity in balb/c mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis. | toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease in that igm titers can remain high for long periods making difficult to determine the stage of the disease. the aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of indirect elisa, associated with urea, to discriminate between the acute and chronic toxocariasis. igg avidity was evaluated in 25 balb/c mice experimentally infected with 1000 toxocara canis eggs. blood samples were collected, and sera treated with 6 m urea and assayed by elisa every two weeks. ... | 2016 | 25271464 |
| pulmonary toxocariasis mimicking invasive aspergillosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. | a 45-year-old-male who had underlying ulcerative colitis and presented with fever and dry cough. initially, the patient was considered to have invasive aspergillosis due to a positive galactomannan assay. he was treated with amphotericin b followed by voriconazole. nevertheless, the patient deteriorated clinically and radiographically. the lung biopsy revealed eosinophilic pneumonia, and elisa for toxocara antigen was positive, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxocariasis. after a 10-day tre ... | 2014 | 25246722 |
| proteinases in excretory-secretory products of toxocara canis second-stage larvae: zymography and modeling insights. | components released in excretory-secretory products of toxocara canis larvae (tes) include phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (tes26), mucins (tes120, muc2-5), and c-type lectins (tes32, tes70) and their biochemical, immunological, and diagnostic properties have been extensively studied albeit proteinase activities towards physiological substrates are almost unknown. proteolytic activities in tes samples were first analyzed by gel electrophoresis with gelatin as substrate. major activitie ... | 2014 | 25197645 |
| visceral larva migrans syndrome: analysis of serum cytokine levels in children with hepatic lesions confirmed in radiological findings. | human toxocariasis is a helminth zoonosis resulting from accidental infection of humans by the roundworms toxocara canis (t. canis) and cati (t. cati). the infection occurs in five forms: systemic (vlm), ocular, neurological, covert and asymptomatic. the aim of this study was to characterize the radiological and immunological findings in hepatic inflammation during the course of systemic infection by toxocara sp. in children. fifteen children, 2 to 17 years of age, with serological diagnosis of ... | 2014 | 25180780 |
| toxocara seroprevalence among clinically healthy individuals, pregnant women and psychiatric patients and associated risk factors in shandong province, eastern china. | toxocarosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the ascarid nematodes toxocara canis and toxocara cati, which primarily infect dogs and cats, respectively. most human infections with toxocara are asymptomatic; however, some infected individuals may develop a serious illness and even death. nevertheless, epidemiological knowledge regarding the prevalence and risks associated with toxocara infection is limited in china. therefore, we performed a cross-sectional pilot study and estimated the seropre ... | 2014 | 25101756 |
| mini-flotac, a new tool for copromicroscopic diagnosis of common intestinal nematodes in dogs. | the most common intestinal nematodes of dogs are toxocara canis, hookworm and trichuris vulpis. the present study was aimed to validate a new copromicroscopic technique, the mini-flotac and to compare its diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity with four other copromicroscopic techniques: direct smear, tube flotation, wisconsin method and the flotac dual technique. | 2014 | 25095701 |
| human toxocariasis: current advances in diagnostics, treatment, and interventions. | toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by the nematodes toxocara canis and toxocara cati. this disease is widespread in many countries, reaching high prevalence independently of the economic conditions. however, the true number of cases of toxocariasis is likely to be underestimated owing to the lack of adequate surveillance programs. although some diagnostic tests are available, their sensitivity and specificity need to be improved. in addition, treatment options for toxocariasis are limit ... | 2014 | 25089038 |
| behavioral and memory changes in mus musculus coinfected by toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii. | several researchers have stated that parasites can alter the behavior of their hosts, in order to increase the transmission rate, principally when prey-predator relationships are a reliable way of infection transmission. the aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of changes in anxiety and short-term memory patterns in experimentally infected mus musculus by toxocara canis and/or toxoplasma gondii. forty male mus musculus (balb/c) eight-week-old were divided into four groups of 10 mice ea ... | 2015 | 25076438 |
| [ocular toxocariasis: report of two cases and review of the literature]. | | 2014 | 25018821 |
| asthma and toxocariasis. | asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and a major public health problem in adults. a relation between asthma and toxocariasis has been hypothesized. | 2014 | 24934109 |
| unusual panuveitis in a child: toxocariasis associated with ocular myiasis. | most panuveitis in children are caused by infectious agents. a detailed clinical history and clinical examination are helpful in the diagnosis, but specific techniques are sometimes required to identify the causing specimen. we report the first published case of panuveitis in a child caused by simultaneous ocular infection by toxocara canis and a fly larva and the innovative use of immunodiffusion technique in the vitreous for the diagnosis. | 2014 | 24916981 |
| seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among primary schoolchildren in the capital area of the republic of the marshall islands. | toxocariasis, which is predominantly caused by toxocara canis (t. canis) infection, is a common zoonotic parasitosis worldwide; however, the status of toxocariasis endemicity in the republic of the marshall islands (rmi) remains unknown. | 2014 | 24886153 |
| seroprevalence and modifiable risk factors for toxocara spp. in brazilian schoolchildren. | toxocariasis is a worldwide helminthic zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of the ascarid worms that comprise the toxocara spp. children are particularly prone to infection because they are exposed to the eggs in sandboxes and playgrounds contaminated with dog and cat feces. certain behaviors, such as a geophagy habit, poor personal hygiene, a lack of parental supervision, close contact with young dogs, and ingestion of raw meat, as well as gender, age, and socioeconomic status, affect ... | 2014 | 24874504 |
| effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing on embryonation of toxocara canis eggs. | toxocara canis is a zoonotic nematode parasite that can be transmitted to humans by food or water contaminated with t. canis eggs from infected dog feces. high-pressure processing (hpp) is a useful alternative to thermal treatments to eliminate pathogens from foods. most of the research on hpp has focused on prokaryotes, but little is known about its effects on eukaryotic organisms. we evaluated the ability of hpp to affect embryonation of t. canis eggs to test the hypothesis that hpp treatment ... | 2014 | 24866420 |
| transmammary infection in balb/c mice with chronic toxocariasis. | human toxocariasis is a neglected public health problem. infection of humans generally results from the accidental ingestion of embryonated toxocara canis eggs, but it is important to broaden knowledge about other forms of transmission. this study aimed to demonstrate the prevalence of transmammary transmission in mice with chronic toxocariasis. balb/c mice in groups 1 (g1) and 3 (g3) were inoculated with 1200 t. canis eggs 60days before mating, whereas those of group 2 (g2) were not infected. a ... | 2015 | 24837181 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara canis among patients with uveitis. | to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara canis in patients with uveitis. | 2014 | 24833105 |
| detection of toxocara eggs in contaminated soil from various public places of chennai city and detailed correlation with literature. | toxocarosis is one of the most prevalent human helminthosis caused by larvae of toxocara canis and toxocara cati, the most widely distributed nematode parasites of dogs and cats respectively. soil is considered as the principal source of transmission of toxocara infection to human beings. with increasing population of dogs and cats, soil contamination with ova or eggs of toxocara can be detected in public and private locations of city backyards, playgrounds, streets, sand pits and so on, regardl ... | 2014 | 24808647 |
| characterization of excretory-secretory antigens of adult toxocara canis by western blotting. | toxocara canis is one of the most common helminth worm of dogs which continues to stimulate both public health concern alongside the higher scientific interest. it may cause visceral and ocular damage in humans especially in children. the identification of specific antigens of t. canis is important so as to develop better diagnostic techniques. excretory-secretory (es) antigens were prepared by culturing the adult t. canis worms in rpmi 1640 medium without serum supplementation followed by ammon ... | 2014 | 24808645 |
| neurotoxocarosis: marked preference of toxocara canis for the cerebrum and t. cati for the cerebellum in the paratenic model host mouse. | infective larvae of the worldwide occurring zoonotic roundworm t. canis exhibit a marked affinity to the nervous tissues of paratenic hosts. in humans, most cases of neurotoxocarosis are considered to be caused by larvae of t. canis as t. cati larvae have rarely been found in the cns in previous studies. however, direct comparison of studies is difficult as larval migration depends on a variety of factors including mouse strains and inoculation doses. therefore, the present study aims to provide ... | 2014 | 24754900 |
| risk of infection by the consumption of liver of chickens inoculated with low doses of toxocara canis eggs. | experimental studies and registries of cases of human toxocariasis have shown that the consumption of raw or undercooked offal of the paratenic host of toxocara canis may pose a risk of infection. thus, we evaluated the risk of infection due to the consumption of liver of chickens inoculated with different doses of embryonated t. canis eggs. doses were 5-100 times smaller than the ones previously employed in this type of study. groups of five chickens were inoculated with 5000 (control), 1000, 5 ... | 2014 | 24746238 |
| behavioural changes and muscle strength in rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with toxocara cati and t. canis. | toxocara canis and toxocara cati are nematode parasites in dogs and cats, respectively, transmitted by ingestion of embryonated eggs, transmammary and transplacental (t. canis) routes and paratenic host predation. many parasites use mechanisms that change the behaviour of their hosts to ensure continued transmission. several researchers have demonstrated behavioural changes in mouse models as paratenic hosts for t. canis. however, there have been no studies on behavioural changes in laboratory r ... | 2015 | 24725503 |
| toxocariasis: seroprevalence in abandoned-institutionalized children and infants. | toxocariasis is an infection that has worldwide distribution. toxocara canis is the most relevant agent due to its frequent occurrence in humans. soil contamination with embryonated eggs is the primary source of t. canis. this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in 10-month to 3 year-old abandoned infants, considered to be at high risk because of their orphanhood status and early age. blood samples were collected from 120 children institutionalized in an orphanage in the ... | 2014 | 24721267 |
| molecular characterization of toxocara spp. from soil of public areas in ahvaz southwestern iran. | in the present study, the microscopy and polymerase chain reaction methods were used for detection and identification of soil contamination by toxocara eggs in squares, streets, public parks, and rubbish dumps in ahvaz, southwestern iran. a total of 210 soil samples were collected from different parts of the city and examined by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods, following sodium nitrate flotation. nucleotide sequencing was performed to confirm the results of the pcr method. ... | 2014 | 24695242 |
| [effects of household chemicals on infested toxocara canis eggs]. | six household chemicals were tested for effects on cultured toxocara canis eggs in the mobile larval stage. the cleansing gel comet (double effect) and its 10%, 25%, and 50% aqueous solutions have the most pronounced ovicidal and larvicidal effects under laboratory conditions (+19-22 degrees c). domestos and belizna (bleach) are also effective. these agents are recommended for the disinvasion and washing of premises for canids: aviaries of dog-breeding centers; farms for silver and polar foxes; ... | 2014 | 24640129 |
| [effects of disinfectants on toxocara canis eggs (results of experimental studies)]. | the authors investigated the effects of disinfectants, such as desavid (brand name desavid), delegol, dp-2t, sulfochloranthione, and hydrogen peroxide on toxocara canis eggs in the pure culture, desavid bas on them in the household-fecal sludge, and sodium hypochlorite in the soil cover. only desavid (brand name desavid), delegol, and sodium hypochlorite have a marked ovicidal effect. | 2014 | 24640128 |
| risk of human toxocarosis in poland due to toxocara infection of dogs and cats. | the purpose of this paper was to present the current data on the risk of toxocarosis in humans in poland and to give an overview of the clinical and diagnostic aspects of the disease. the number of reported clinical cases of toxocara infection in children in poland in medical literature has increased recently. the results of field surveys aimed to evaluate the soil contamination with geohelminth eggs conducted during the last few years showed that toxocara is the most common zoonotic agent in ur ... | 2014 | 26204025 |
| prevalence of canine toxocariasis in bareilly, uttar pradesh, india. | toxocara canis is one of the most common parasitic helminth worm of dogs and also a causative agent of zoonotic disease in humans. this pilot study was conducted to determine the presence of t. canis infection in dog population in and around bareilly, uttar pradesh, india. a total of 558 faecal samples both from stray and owned dogs were screened and overall 24.3 % dogs were found positive for t. canis. a comparison between owned and stray dogs suggests that the higher prevalence was observed in ... | 2014 | 24505188 |
| vertical transmission of toxocara canis in successive generations of mice. | visceral toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by toxocara canis larvae in unusual hosts. in dogs, the definitive host, the infection occurs mainly through transplacental and transcolostral transmission. studies on experimental models have shown that vertical transmission may result from acute infections. considering that toxocariasis is characterized as a chronic infection, with possible reactivation of larvae present in the brain, this study evaluated the presence of larvae in the brain ... | 2014 | 24473895 |
| pulmonary toxocariasis: a case report and literature review. | toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by toxocara canis or t. cati. we report a patient with toxocariasis who presented with dyspnea, high-grade eosinophilia, and bilateral pulmonary nodules. to further characterize the pulmonary manifestations of toxocariasis, we have reviewed 11 previously published pulmonary toxocariasis cases. the most common pulmonary symptoms in our review were cough and dyspnea, and the most common finding on chest imaging was bilateral pulmonary nodules. risk factor ... | 2014 | 24452526 |
| figurate erythema in a patient with bullous pemphigoid and toxocara infection. | figurate erythema can appear in a wide spectrum of dermatological diseases. rarely, it can present as an atypical manifestation of bullous pemphigoid. among eosinophilic dermatoses, figurate erythema may appear in wells syndrome, which has been occasionally reported in association with toxocara infection. we present the case of an older female patient diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid, who presented with an unusual combination of blisters and figurate erythema outside the area of blister formati ... | 2013 | 24336945 |
| [visceral larva migrans with cardiac manifestation: a case report and literature review]. | toxocariasis is a roundworm infection that may be associated with serious cardiac manifestations. we report one case and review another 12 cases in the literature. | 2014 | 24332019 |
| molecular diagnosis of an ocular toxocariasis patient in vietnam. | an ocular toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in vietnam. a 34-year-old man residing in a village of son la province, north vietnam, visited the national eye hospital (neh) in august 2011. he felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. the eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a ... | 2013 | 24327783 |
| epidemiological situation of toxocariasis in iran: meta-analysis and systematic review. | toxocariasis is the clinical terms applied to infection of human with ascarid nematodes in the order ascaridida, named toxocara canis and toxocara cati. it is transmitted from dog and cat to humans. accidental ingestion of parasite eggs causes ocular and visceral larva migrans in human. the aim of this study is to study epidemiology of toxocariasis in iran using meta-analysis and systematic review. using main key words of toxocariasis including epidemiology, toxocara spp. iran, dog and cat in da ... | 2012 | 24261119 |
| toxocarosis and putative dress syndrome in an oncological patient: a case report. | toxocarosis is a parasitic infection caused by toxocara canis or toxocara cati. their definite hosts are the domestic dog and cat, where their adult forms live within the lumen of the small intestine. in humans, infective larvae hatch after ingestion of eggs, but the juvenile stages fail to develop into mature adult worms. instead, they migrate through the body with the potential to affect virtually every body site. dress syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a seri ... | 2014 | 24249317 |
| coproscopy survey of gastrointestinal parasites in owned dogs of kerman city, iran. | a coproscopy survey was conducted on 100 owned dogs in kerman city from july 2011 to july 2012 with the objective to assess the presence of gastrointestinal parasites with zoonotic potential. faecal samples from 100 dogs were examined for the presence of parasites. samples (n=100) collected from dogs of different ages and genders were analysed using 5 techniques, i.e. centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution, centrifugal flotation in 33% zinc sulphate solution, ziehl-neelsen staining, trichrome ... | 2013 | 24166482 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara canis among patients with uveitis. | to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara canis in patients with uveitis. | 2015 | 24131311 |
| seroprevalence of igg anti-toxocara canis antibodies and anti-fasciola sp. antibodies in patients with urticaria. | chronic urticaria (cu) is defined by recurrent episodes occurring at least twice a week for 6 weeks and generally characterized by the rapid appearance of wheals and/or angioedema and may be associated with parasitic infections. we aimed to investigate the seroprevalance of toxocara canis and fasciola species in patients with cu. | 2013 | 24045514 |
| serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by elisa using crude antigen of toxocara canis larvae. | toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, toxocara canis or t. cati. diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses t. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific igg antibodies by elisa. we investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of elisa using crude antigen of t. canis larvae (tcla). serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were s ... | 2013 | 24039286 |
| biophysical analysis of astrocytes apoptosis triggered by larval e/s antigen from cerebral toxocarosis-causing pathogen toxocara canis. | toxocarosis is a zoonosis caused by the transmission of the toxocara canis (t. canis) larvae to humans. its infectious third-stage larvae can invade the brains of paratenic hosts. the resultant brain damage can result in cerebral toxocarosis (ct). astrocytes have important neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions in the brain. substantial studies have shown that astrocyte apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. we propose an alternati ... | 2013 | 24025572 |
| [toxocariasis in children and adolescents with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases, hiv infection, hepatitis b and c risk groups: results of serological screening]. | enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the presence of immunoglobulins class g to toxocara canis antigens in the sera of children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children) with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases from hiv infection and hepatitis b and c risk groups. a total of 422 dwellers of the republic of altai, including 144 subjects aged 1 to 17 years, were examined. toxocara antibodies were found in 18.8 +/- 3.3% of the children and in 21.9 +/- 2.5% of the adults. the infe ... | 2013 | 24003515 |
| hepatic toxocariasis: a rare cause of right upper abdominal pain in the emergency department. | toxocara canis and toxocara cati are common helminths that reside in the intestinal tract of cats and dogs. toxocariasis and, commonly, t. canis, is a disease commonly seen in children, which is characterised by hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, fever, transient pulmonary infiltration, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. humans, who are not the actual host for these parasitic worms, are infected following oral intake of the infective eggs. radiological differentiation of hepatic toxocariasis can be diff ... | 2013 | 23955916 |
| the epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: a zoonosis of global importance. | toxocariasis, caused by infection with larvae of toxocara canis, and to a lesser extent by toxocara cati and other ascaridoid species, manifests in humans in a range of clinical syndromes. these include visceral and ocular larva migrans, neurotoxocariasis and covert or common toxocariasis. toxocara canis is one of the most widespread public health and economically important zoonotic parasitic infections humans share with dogs, cats and wild canids, particularly foxes. this neglected disease has ... | 2013 | 23954435 |
| [evaluation of a purified antigen for the diagnosis of toxocariosis]. | toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the ingestion of infective eggs of toxocara spp. the diagnosis is based on the detection of antibodies in serum or other biological fluids. one of the current serological techniques for the diagnosis of toxocariasis is elisa using excretory - secretory antigens of third stage larvae (es/l3). these antigens are glycoproteins, which originate in the secretory organs of the parasite and are non species-specific. sera from patients with other helminthiases ... | 2013 | 23876268 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with toxocara canis infection in children. | the objective of this study was to determine seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with toxocara canis infection. a clinical and epidemiological questionnaire and body mass index were used to assess the risk factors associated with human toxocariasis in 108 children with an age range of 2-16 years. antibodies against toxocara canis were detected using an elisa test kit. chi-square analysis and odds ratio (or) were used to identify risk factors associated with toxocara canis seropos ... | 2013 | 23844404 |
| toxocara spp. seroprevalence in sheep from southern brazil. | visceral toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that occurs through the ingestion of embryonated toxocara spp. eggs. a wide range of animal species can act as paratenic hosts for this ascarid. the main risk factor for humans is the ingestion of the eggs from contaminated soil; however, infection can also occur through the ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked infected meat from paratenic hosts. the aim of this study was to verify the presence of toxocara spp.-specific antibodies i ... | 2013 | 23832639 |
| [disinvasive activity of briz 25% e.c. against toxocara canis eggs (experimental studies)]. | the insectoacaricid briz 25% e.c. was tested for its effects on toxocara canis eggs in pure culture. in the solar-illuminated laboratory at 22-23°c, t. canis eggs of pure culture were destroyed on days 17-18 when in 1.25% aqueous emulsion of the insectoacaricid briz 25% e.c. (0.313% with reference to the active ingredient cypermethrin). within the egg, the parasite failed to die not only in the stage of protoblast (5-6 days), but also in the stages of semiformed (4 days) and mobile larva (7-8 da ... | 2015 | 25924285 |
| age-dependant prevalence of endoparasites in young dogs and cats up to one year of age. | the results of parasitological examination of faecal samples from 1,206 cats and 2,319 dogs of known age up to one year were analysed. eggs of toxocara canis were detected in dogs for the first time at the beginning of the 3rd week, oocysts of isospora spp. and cysts of giardia spp. at the beginning of the 4th week p.p. high infection rates with giardia spp. (52.5 %) were demonstrated in the 12th week, i. canis (30.0 %) in the 15th week, i. ohioensis complex (44.0 %) in the 6th week, isospora sp ... | 2013 | 23779224 |
| [toxocarosis in dogs - important aspects for the veterinary practice]. | the zoonotic roundworm toxocara canis is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal helminths in dogs in europe. infection occurs via embryonated eggs from the environment or the ingestion of paratenic hosts. pups become infected via intrauterine or lactogenic transmission of larvae from the bitch. prenatal infection results in major consequences because the infected neonates shed large amounts of t. canis eggs into the environment due to a lack of immunocompetence and the resulting inab ... | 2013 | 23765363 |
| seroprevalence of toxocara infection in children from southern brazil. | the seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies in children aged from 1 to 12 yr old was evaluated in pelotas city, rio grande do sul, brazil. human toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans (vlm) was diagnosed with the use of an elisa based on the t. canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigens; western blotting was used to confirm the elisa-positive results. from 427 samples, 50.6% were positive for the presence of anti-tes antibodies. a confirmatory test (western blot) was carried out on a sample of ... | 2013 | 23738711 |
| visceral larva migrans presenting with hypereosinophilia. | toxocariasis is an infection caused by the ingestion of larvae of the dog toxocara canis or the cat toxocara cati. a 2.5 year old boy was admitted to our clinics with fever, abdominal pain and loss of appetite. his medical history included geophagia (pica) and amebiasis infection. on admission, the physical examination revealed hepatomegaly and pallor. there was marked eosinophilia with leukocytosis, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated serum ig e titers. toxocariasis was confirmed by ant ... | 2013 | 23619050 |
| retinal vasculitis in toxocara canis neuroretinitis. | the purpose of this case report is to describe clinical and angiographic findings of retinal vasculitis in acute toxocara canis neuroretinitis associated with systemic infection. | 2013 | 23514377 |
| signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 signaling contributes to control host lung pathology but favors susceptibility against toxocara canis infection. | using stat6(-/-) balb/c mice, we have analyzed the role of stat6-induced th2 response in determining the outcome of experimental toxocariasis caused by embryonated eggs of the helminth parasite toxocara canis. following t. canis infection wild-type balb/c mice developed a strong th2-like response, produced high levels of igg1, ige, and il-4, recruited alternatively activated macrophages, and displayed a moderate pathology in the lungs; however, they harbored heavy parasite loads in different tis ... | 2013 | 23509764 |
| evaluation of the initial and chronic phases of toxocariasis after consumption of liver treated by freezing or cooling. | human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis of worldwide distribution. the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and offal from paratenic hosts of the toxocara canis nematode can cause infection in humans, but there have been a lack of studies examining specific prophylactic measures to combat this mode of transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of infection by t. canis larvae at the initial and chronic phases of visceral toxocariasis after the consumption ... | 2013 | 23494157 |
| [cardiovascular manifestations of human toxocariasis]. | toxocariasis is a parasitic infection produced by helminths that cannot reach their adult stage in humans. for their etiological species (toxocara canis and toxocara cati), man is a paratenic host. infection by such helminths can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, such as: visceral larvae migrans syndrome, ocular larvae migrans syndrome and covert toxocariasis. in the visceral larvae migrans syndrome, the organs that are mainly involved include liver, lungs, skin, nervous system, musc ... | 2013 | 23462238 |