| molecular cloning, stage-specific expression and cellular distribution of a putative protein kinase from plasmodium falciparum. | a putative protein kinase gene (pfpk2) has been isolated from the human parasite plasmodium falciparum by using a mixed oligonucleotide pool which corresponds to a highly conserved region of serine/threonine protein kinases. the complete nucleotide sequence of 5 kb suggests the existence of a second transcriptional unit besides that of the pfpk2 gene, separated by a highly (a+t)-rich region and transcribed in a different orientation. no intron sequence exists in pfpk2. the predicted amino acid s ... | 1992 | 1378403 |
| immunization with soluble protein-pulsed spleen cells induces class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes that recognize immunodominant epitopic peptides from plasmodium falciparum and hiv-1. | ctl lines specific for two different proteins derived from the human pathogens, plasmodium falciparum (malaria) circumsporozoite protein and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase, were obtained by immunizing mice with protein-pulsed syngeneic spleen cells. the lysis of the target cells was dependent on a class i mhc molecule and the accessory molecule cd8. immunodominant epitopic peptides were identified previously in the two proteins using murine ctl derived after immunization with recombinant virus or s ... | 1992 | 1380039 |
| a recombinant malaria protein that can induce th1 and cd8+ t cell responses without antibody formation. | inbred strains of mice were immunized with p190-3, a 38-kda recombinant protein derived from p190, a major merozoite surface ag of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. ag-specific proliferative t cell responses were obtained in h-2b, h-2d, and h-2k mouse strains. surprisingly, mice of the h-2b haplotype (e.g., c57bl/6) did not give a measurable antibody response to the recombinant protein administered in freund's adjuvant, but cd8+/cd4- as well as cd4+/cd8- t cells specific for p190-3 cou ... | 1992 | 1380040 |
| h-2-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes specific for hla display t cell receptors of limited diversity. | we previously showed that h-2kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones specific for a single nonapeptide derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) protein displayed t cell receptors (tcrs) of highly diverse primary structure. we have now analyzed the tcr repertoire of ctls that recognize a peptide derived from the human class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule hla-cw3 in association with the same murine class i mhc molecule h-2kd. we first sequenced the t ... | 1992 | 1380061 |
| further characterization of interactions between gamete surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum. | target antigens of malaria transmission blocking immunity include a complex of 3 gamete surface proteins of 230-kda and 48/45-kda glycoproteins. previous studies have shown that epitopes recognized by blocking antibodies are conformational (reduction sensitive) in nature. studies were conducted to characterize the interactions between the target antigens and role of disulfide groups in the formation of the complex. treatment of detergent extracts of gametes with chaotropic agents and extremes of ... | 1992 | 1380124 |
| plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte receptor(s) for cd36 and thrombospondin are restricted to knobs on the erythrocyte surface. | adherence of plasmodium falciparum-infected rbcs (prbc) to endothelial cells causes prbc sequestration in cerebral microvessels and is considered to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. both cd36 and thrombospondin (tsp) are glycoproteins that mediate prbc adherence to endothelial cells in vitro. because they are both expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, they probably contribute to prbc sequestration and vascular occlusion in vivo. by applying affinity labeli ... | 1992 | 1380530 |
| development of a malaria t-cell vaccine for blood stage immunity. | we have defined a strategy for the development of a t-cell vaccine for blood stage immunity, taking into consideration the central role of t cells and mhc restriction in malaria immune responses. we have used the amphi computer algorithm to identify putative t-cell epitopes from conserved regions of 11 plasmodium falciparum asexual stage proteins. ten of the eleven proteins are currently candidates for vaccine development. using this algorithm we selected 22 putative t-cell epitope peptides and ... | 1992 | 1381110 |
| immunogenic properties of multiple antigen peptide systems containing defined t and b epitopes. | immunization with chemically defined synthetic polymers, multiple ag peptide (map) systems, containing t and b epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of p. berghei induce high levels of circulating antibodies that are detectable several months after boosting. the anti-map secondary antibody response is characterized by an increase in the levels of circulating igg and a concomitant decrease in the igm levels. in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that th epitopes included in the map are re ... | 1992 | 1382101 |
| involvement of cd36 on erythrocytes as a rosetting receptor for plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (parasitized red blood cells [prbcs]) can adhere to uninfected erythrocytes (rbcs) to form rosettes, and adhere to the endothelial cell (ec) surface antigen cd36. these adherence phenomena have previously been considered quite different. we show that anti-cd36 monoclonal antibodies (moabs) reverse rosetting of prbcs from both a culture-adapted line (malayan camp [mc] strain) and a natural isolate, gam425. three moabs that block adherence of prbcs to ec ... | 1992 | 1382720 |
| normal human erythrocytes express cd36, an adhesion molecule of monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. | we have recently shown that rosetting of plasmodium falciparum (mc r+ line)-infected erythrocytes (parasitized red blood cells [prbcs]) with uninfected erythrocytes (rbcs) is blocked by coating of the rbcs with anti-cd36 monoclonal antibodies (moabs; handunnetti et al, blood 80:2097, 1992). adult rbcs have previously been considered negative for cd36. however, using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with the anti-cd36 moabs 8a6, okm5, and okm8, which reverse rosetting, we consistently ... | 1992 | 1382721 |
| [the preparation and identification of anti-idiotypic antibody against plasmodium vivax at erythrocytic stages]. | through hypotonic dialyzing and gel filtration on sephadex g200, 6h7g11 mcab-igm (mouse igm) was successfully purified. anti-6h7g11id (ab2) was induced in rabbit. this ab2 was identified by agar diffusion, elisa and competitive assays. the results showed that the ab2 was able to combine respective ab1 (6h7g11mcab), and the binding between ab2 and ab1 could be inhibited by plasmodium vivax (p.v) antigen. meantime, by using ab2 thus prepared to immunize balb/c mice, the anti-6h7g11id (ab3 or ab1') ... | 1992 | 1383120 |
| cytoadherence characteristics of rosette-forming plasmodium falciparum. | sequestration of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to the capillary endothelium can cause obstruction and localized tissue damage. occlusion of vessels in falciparum malaria infection has been related to two properties of the parasite: adhesion to endothelial cells and rosette formation. our study on p. falciparum isolates from thailand producing variable numbers of rosettes suggests the involvement of rosettes in capillary blockage caused by direct adhesion of the rosette-forming infe ... | 1992 | 1383150 |
| t helper epitopes enhance the cytotoxic response of mice immunized with mhc class i-restricted malaria peptides. | we have previously derived mhc class i (h-2kd) restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) from balb/c mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites from plasmodium (p.) berghei and p. yoelii. the ctl recognize synthetic peptides corresponding to a region of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein that is homologous in the two species. in the present study, we have attempted to induce cs-specific ctl by immunization with those peptides in incomplete freund's adjuvant. only a low level ctl response was detec ... | 1992 | 1383348 |
| human vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors for plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: roles for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. | the clinical complications associated with severe and cerebral malaria occur as a result of the intravascular mechanical obstruction of erythrocytes infected with the asexual stages of the parasite, plasmodium falciparum. we now report that a primary p. falciparum-infected erythrocyte (parasitized red blood cell [prbc]) isolate from a patient with severe complicated malaria binds to cytokine-induced human vascular endothelial cells, and that this adhesion is in part mediated by endothelial leuko ... | 1992 | 1383378 |
| soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1-immunoglobulin g1 immunoadhesin mediates phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes. | we describe an immunoadhesin molecule containing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) molecularly fused to hinge and ch2 and ch3 domains of the human immunoglobulin g1 h chain that binds plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. this receptor-based immunoadhesin is an effective and specific inhibitor of p. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adhesion to icam-1-bearing surfaces, but does not inhibit leukocyte function antigen 1 (lfa-1) interaction with icam-1. furthermore, the immunoadhesin ... | 1992 | 1383388 |
| adjuvant-dependent immune response to malarial transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens. | immune responses in major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-disparate congenic mouse strains immunized with sexual stage malaria parasites or purified recombinant protein were adjuvant dependent. whereas mice exhibited a limited antibody response to immunization with newly emerged plasmodium falciparum gametes in freund's adjuvant, all five congenic mouse strains responded to several transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens, when parasites were emulsified in a monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) ... | 1992 | 1383389 |
| [glycoconjugate receptors for microorganisms]. | | 1992 | 1384086 |
| plasmodium falciparum: cytoadherence of malaria-infected erythrocytes to human brain capillary and umbilical vein endothelial cells--a comparative study of adhesive ligands. | the cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (fcr-3 line) to human brain capillary endothelial cells (hbec), c32 amelanotic melanoma cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) was studied. the adhesion of infected red cells was hbec > amelanotic melanoma > huvec. the presence or absence of the adhesive ligands icam-1 (cd54 or intercellular adhesion molecule 1), icam-2, and cd36 (= glycoprotein iv) was determined for each of these cells by indirect immunofluores ... | 1992 | 1385207 |
| effect of heat-shock on plasmodium falciparum viability, growth and expression of the heat-shock protein 'pfhsp70-i' gene. | cultures of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were subjected to heat-shock for varying times and temperatures and then tested for their viability, growth and expression of heat-shock protein. results show that the majority of parasites remained viable after heat-shock but their growth was affected. however, the expression of the heat-shock protein 'pfhsp70-i' gene was enhanced after heat-shock. we conclude that malarial parasites are able to survive in vivo during fever probably d ... | 1992 | 1385215 |
| synthesis of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol lipids by a cell-free system prepared from asexual erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | | 1992 | 1385231 |
| novel version of multiple antigenic peptide allowing incorporation on a cysteine functionalized lysine tree. | a novel version of multiple antigenic peptide (map) is described. this approach consists of the synthesis of a properly functionalized antigen carrier and the incorporation, on request, of one or more activated antigenic peptides. this method was to synthesize a map containing eight epitopes of hsp 70-1 from plasmodium falciparum. mice immunised with this map gave a specific response while those immunised with the peptide alone did not. | 1992 | 1385347 |
| an 88-kda protein of plasmodium falciparum is related to the band-3-binding domain of human erythrocyte ankyrin. | three tryptic-peptide sequences of an 88-kda pair of phosphoproteins of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were determined. they exhibit a striking similarity to corresponding sequences of the 89-kda domain of human erythrocyte ankyrin. [35s]methionine labeling of the two proteins demonstrated their parasitic origin. using an appropriate oligonucleotide probe, southern-blot analysis of genomic malaria dna and northern-blot analysis of malaria rna suggest the existence of ankyrin-related ... | 1992 | 1386021 |
| [malaria and hemoglobin s: interactions in african children]. | among 300 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks explored in gabon, the proportion of homozygous (ss) or heterozygous (as) sickle-cell patients was 6.2 percent in 206 ordinary attacks and 3.2 percent in 94 cerebral malaria attacks, and 23.2 percent in the general population. on the other hand, asymptomatic carriage, as detected in 98 children by thin blood films in school screening, was as frequent in the ss or as infantile population as in the general population. these data show that ha ... | 1992 | 1386431 |
| is there a role for gamma delta t cells in malaria? | peripheral blood lymphocytes of the v gamma 9+ family of gamma delta t cells proliferate vigorously in response to plasmodium falciparum. in this brief article, jean langhorne and colleagues discuss this response and assess the possible role of gamma delta t cells in the pathogenesis of malaria. | 1992 | 1387316 |
| malaria: becoming more specific about non-specific immunity. | for the hundreds of millions of people presently infected with malaria, survival may depend on relatively non-specific immune effector mechanisms. progress has been made in understanding the anti-parasitic properties of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and nitric oxide, in defining the parasite toxins that induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and in exploring the role of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. | 1992 | 1388844 |
| malaria vaccines. | the development of an effective malaria vaccine is a feasible goal. most of the vaccines being developed today are subunit vaccines derived from selected parasite antigens or their immunologically active fragments. the precise characterization of protective immune responses against plasmodium parasites remains a fundamental part of present research aimed at obtaining a malaria vaccine(s). | 1992 | 1388845 |
| plasmodium falciparum: diversity of isolates from malawi in their cytoadherence to melanoma cells and monocytes in vitro. | we observed considerable diversity in the cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum isolates from malawi to melanoma cells, u937 cells and human peripheral monocytes. each isolate exhibited a unique cytoadherence profile for the three human cell types. these isolates generally adhered well to u937 cells and fresh monocytes, moderately to melanoma cells and poorly to te 671, mia-pa-ca, wi 38, plc/prf/5 and hela cells. an antimalarial immunoglobulin pool inhibited binding to melanoma cells by 50% or ... | 1992 | 1390216 |
| mhc and malaria: the relationship between hla class ii alleles and immune responses to plasmodium falciparum. | in mice, immune responses to subunits of defined malaria antigens are regulated by genes mapping within the mhc and it has been suggested that such genetic restriction will be a major obstacle in the development of a human malaria vaccine. the relationship between class ii human leukocyte antigen (hla) genes and immune recognition of three candidate antigens for a vaccine against plasmodium falciparum malaria has been investigated in a human population living in a malaria endemic area of west af ... | 1992 | 1390436 |
| 'natural' t cells responsive to malaria: evidence implicating immunological cross-reactivity in the maintenance of tcr alpha beta+ malaria-specific responses from non-exposed donors. | it is now generally accepted that peripheral blood of humans not exposed previously to malaria contains t cells which proliferate vigorously in response to malaria parasites and antigens. although it has been claimed that these cells express a memory phenotype, their origin is uncertain. we have examined the phenotype and immunological responses of such cells. we confirm that these cells do express the 'memory phenotype', cd45ro, in that depletion of such cells, but not of cd45ra (virgin) cells, ... | 1992 | 1390441 |
| a study of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine plasma levels in patients infected with sensitive and resistant malaria parasites. | this study was carried out on 63 patients in the town of gadaref in eastern sudan; each patient was given the standard therapeutic dose of chloroquine (cq). plasma levels of chloroquine and its major metabolite desethylchloroquine (dcq) were measured by means of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (hplc) in patients infected with sensitive (sensitive group) and resistant (resistant groups) strains of plasmodium falciparum. the ratios of chloroquine to desethylchloroquine (cq/dcq) in ... | 1992 | 1391103 |
| oxidative damage of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. an in vitro study. | the extent of reduced glutathione, activity of glutathione peroxidase, amount of membrane lipid peroxidation products, and the extent of hemoglobin release from host erythrocytes during in vitro plasmodium falciparum growth was studied. highly synchronized parasite cultures were studied to examine the alterations caused by different growth stages of the parasite. there was a moderate increase in the reduced glutathione content as the parasite matured, which was significant only in schizont-rich ... | 1992 | 1391122 |
| cell cycle analysis of asexual stages of erythrocytic malaria parasites. | intra-erythrocytic plasmodium species can be stained with the dna binding dye, hoechst 33342, and the distribution of dna content determined for parasite populations by flow cytometric measurement of fluorescence. analysis of this distribution will determine the parasitaemia (percentage of erythrocytes infected), and the percentages of trophozoite infected red blood cells, polyparasitized (trophozoite) red blood cells, and schizont/segmenter infected red blood cells. this analysis is based on th ... | 1992 | 1391230 |
| cardiac involvement during and after malaria. | in 22 patients without a previous history of cardiac disease, we prospectively evaluated cardiac involvement during acute malaria and 9 +/- 5 months after recovery using non-invasive methods including resting electrocardiogram (ecg) and two-dimensional (2d) echocardiography. during the acute phase ecg abnormalities were common (5/22); pericardial effusion was found in 2 patients and global left ventricular hypokinesia in 1 patient infected with plasmodium falciparum. at a follow-up of 19 patient ... | 1992 | 1392443 |
| evaluating the efficacy of chloroquine in febrile guinean children infected with plasmodium falciparum by a simplified in vivo test. | a modified version of a simplified in vivo test was applied to assess the susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine among semi-immune febrile children in kouroussa, guinea. in 27% of cases, a partial response (ri/rii) to chloroquine was observed; the remainder showed a good response (s/ri). this test is both practical and useful to assess the efficacy of chloroquine at the intermediate level of health care services. | 1992 | 1394781 |
| [localization of the antigen in erythrocytic stages of plasmodium yoelii by immuno-electron microscopy]. | in this study, the antigen recognized by the protective mcab m26-32 in erythrocytic stages of p. yoelii was localized by immuno-electron microscopy with lr whithe resin embedding and colloidal gold probe cytochemical techniques. the results indicated that the antigen which reacts specifically to mcab m26-32 was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of early and late trophozoites, schizonts and merozoites, being the common antigen of asexual blood stages of the plasmodium. the amount of the antig ... | 1992 | 1394891 |
| [roles of t cell subsets in the protective immunity of mice against plasmodium yoelii]. | balb/c mice which had developed protective immunity against plasmodium yoelii (p. y.) challenge were injected with anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 monoclonal antibody, and were then challenged again with p. yoelli. no impairment of protection was observed. cd8+t cells obtained from spleens of these mice were transferred to balb/c nude mice and induced partial protection, while transfer of cd4+t cells did not so. in p. yoelli-mouse model, the parasites invaded reticulocytes in the early infection, and the i ... | 1992 | 1394892 |
| [in vitro development of sodium artesunate resistance in plasmodium falciparum]. | plasmodium falciparum (lab. culture fcr3 isolate) developed resistance to sodium artesunate after exposure to the drug in vitro. the drug effective concentration which resulted in 50 per cent schizont maturation inhibition (ic50) was 1.6 ng/ml (4.1 nmol/l) before exposure to the drug. after 130 days of discontiguous exposure to sodium artesunate in a stepwise fashion, the sensitivity of the isolate to the drug decreased, with its ic50 3-fold higher than that of the parent isolate. the resistance ... | 1992 | 1394893 |
| [study on free amino acids and protein in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi]. | the changes in the contents of free amino acids in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. the changes in hemolymph protein were determined by ultraviolet absorption method. free amino acids in hemolymph of infected mosquitoes were compared with those in noninfected mosquitoes. at 4 days after blood meal, 6 kinds of amino acids decreased markedly, and 5 kinds of amino acids increased markedly; at 7 days after blood meal, 4 kinds of amino decreased marke ... | 1992 | 1394898 |
| [ultrastructure of erythrocytic stage of plasmodium vivax in humans]. | after the merozoite entered the erythrocyte, the membrane debris in the parasitophorous vacuoles of early ring form was passed out through a narrow external aperture in erythrocyte to the exterior. the trophozoite was oval or irregular in shape. ingestion of host cell cytoplasm occurred cystostomally. the asexual parasite possessed cristate mitochondria and was surrounded by a single-membraned pellicle. the gametocyte possessed cristate mitochondria and was surrounded by two unit membranes. the ... | 1992 | 1394907 |
| [the blood schizontocidal effects of pyronaridine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and qinghaosu on mice infected with plasmodium berghei]. | the asexual stages of p. berghei anka were completely eliminated as revealed in a "4-day suppressive test" with the daily dose of pyronaridine 12.5 mg base/kg or amodiaquine 25 mg base/kg. mefloquine 25 mg base/kg and qinghaosu 100 mg/kg though exerted obvious suppressive effect, the cure rates were only 50% and 0%, respectively. in treating chloroquine-sensitive p. berghei anka strain pyronaridine exhibited the best therapeutic activity, which was followed by amodiaquine, mefloquine and quingha ... | 1992 | 1394908 |
| [observation of ultrastructure and drug sensitivity of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic form of plasmodium berghei]. | the ultrastructure of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic stage (ee) of plasmodium berghei (p. b.) was observed under transmission electron microscope (tem). the drug sensitivity of ee was also measured in vitro. the ee was cultured in monolayer host cell, fixed and embedded in situ. the ultrathin sections were prepared and examined by routine methods. the tem pictures showed that the fine structure of in vitro cultured ee was similar with that of ee grown in rat hepatocytes in vivo, as described ... | 1992 | 1394909 |
| [chemical synthesis and cloning of plasmodium falciparum 45 peptide antigen gene]. | we have synthesized a 162 bp gene of human plasmodium falciparum hybrid peptide antigen by the solid-phase phosphoramidite method with abi 381a dna synthesizer. the gene encodes three fragments of the relative molecules 83 kda, 55 kda and 35 kda merozoite-specific proteins and two cs repeats or four peptides. the gene with the designed two cohesive ends was divided into 8 fragments to be synthesized. all synthetic fragments were annealed and ligated with t4 dna ligase to form double dna chain. t ... | 1992 | 1394913 |
| [dna sequence of surface antigen gene gp195 of two chinese isolates of plasmodium falciparum from hainan]. | amplification of dna sequence of surface antigen gene, block ii of gp195 from 2 chinese isolates of plasmodium falciparum fcc 7801/hn b3 and fcc m21/hn from hainan, china, was established by using the polymerase chain reaction. a comparison of the 154 peptide sequences of the 2 chinese isolates showed that they were identical, but there was a difference of 10 peptides among the established 154 peptides between the two chinese isolates and mad 20 (a papua new guinea isolate). the need to determin ... | 1992 | 1394915 |
| plasmodium falciparum induced perturbations of the erythrocyte antioxidant system. | erythrocyte antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were studied in cells harbouring different growth stages of plasmodium falciparum. catalase and superoxide dismutase showed significant decrease during parasite maturation indicating hampered metabolism of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions. glutathione peroxidase also exhibited a downward trend during the growth of p. falciparum, while there was a moderate accumulation of reduced glutath ... | 1992 | 1395036 |
| phospholipid-containing toxic malaria antigens induce hypoglycaemia. | hypoglycaemia is associated with severe malaria and is an important prognostic indicator. molecules liberated during overnight incubation of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium yoelii induce marked hypoglycaemia in normal mice, with a delayed time course compared with insulin; some, though weaker, activity could also be obtained by overnight incubation of uninfected erythrocytes. the active component shares many properties with the phospholipid-containing molecules which we have previously sho ... | 1992 | 1395089 |
| protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review. | reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ... | 1992 | 1396192 |
| quantitative analysis of the response of human t cell receptor v gamma 9+ cells to plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum stimulates peripheral blood gamma delta + t cells from unexposed donors. the responding cells bear v gamma 9+ chains of the t cell receptor, the majority of which, but not all, are associated with v delta 2 chains. we have analyzed whether the precursor frequency of these v gamma 9+ cells approaches that expected of superantigens or mitogens and whether, like a superantigen, the response is major histocompatibility complex (mhc) unrestricted. limiting dilution analyses of t ... | 1992 | 1396980 |
| malarial toxic antigens synergistically enhance insulin signalling. | hypoglycaemia is a major complication of severe malaria [(1990) trans. roy. soc. trop. med. 84 (suppl. 2) 1-65], especially cerebral malaria, in which it is associated with increased mortality [(1990) lancet 336, 1039-1043; (1989) quart. j. med. (new series) 71, 441-459]; however, the mechanisms responsible have not been fully explained. preparations containing toxic malaria antigens (tma) released by blood stage plasmodium yoelii malaria parasites have been shown to induce hypoglycaemia in mice ... | 1992 | 1397320 |
| genetic red cell defects and malaria. | | 1992 | 1398816 |
| transfer of a dense granule protein of plasmodium falciparum to the membrane of ring stages and isolation of dense granules. | a 14-kda protein was localized to the dense granules of plasmodium falciparum by immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibody 1h1. the protein was present in dense granules in late-stage schizonts and free merozoites. after invasion, the protein was localized exclusively on the membrane of the newly invaded ring. the protein is referred to as rima, for ring membrane antigen. the 14-kda protein was synthesized late in schizogony as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblott ... | 1992 | 1398979 |
| twenty-eight-kilodalton phosphorylatable calcium- and lipid-binding proteins purified from physarum plasmodium. | two 28-kda calcium- and lipid-binding proteins were isolated from a detergent-insoluble fraction of the physarum plasmodium. both proteins have molecular masses of approximately 28 kda by sds-page. the protein designated 28k-i has a slightly lower mobility than that designated 28k-ii. the purified 28k-i has a dissociation constant of 1.0 microm for ca2+ ions, while the 28k-ii has two different dissociation constants: one of 0.32 microm and the other of 3.2 mm. the 28k-i binds to liposomes at ca2 ... | 1992 | 1400269 |
| recognition of different domains of the plasmodium falciparum cs protein by the sera of naturally infected individuals compared with those of sporozoite-immunized volunteers. | the fine specificities of antibodies to the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum, present in the sera of volunteers immunized with irradiated p. falciparum sporozoites, were defined and compared to those of sera from persons living in a malaria-endemic area in west africa. the specificity of these anti-cs antibodies was determined by elisa, using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides containing repeat and nonrepeat sequences of this cs protein. all 10 serum samples of the ... | 1992 | 1401909 |
| impairment of macrophage functions after ingestion of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes or isolated malarial pigment. | human monocyte-derived macrophages ingest diamide-treated red blood cells (rbc), anti-d immunoglobulin (ig)g-opsonized rbc, or plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasitized rbc (rprbc), degrade ingested hemoglobin rapidly, and can repeat the phagocytic cycle. monocytes fed with trophozoite-parasitized rbc (tprbc), which contain malarial pigment, or fed with isolated pigment are virtually unable to degrade the ingested material and to repeat the phagocytic cycle. monocytes fed with pigment display ... | 1992 | 1402649 |
| plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosetting is mediated by promiscuous lectin-like interactions. | herein we describe an assay that was developed to quantitate the binding of normal red blood cells (rbc), labeled with carboxy fluorescein diacetate (c-fda), to rosetting plasmodium falciparum-infected rbc. the binding of rbc obtained from various animal species or humans to different strains or clones of rosetting p. falciparum-infected rbc was studied. a strain-specific preference of rosetting was observed for either blood group a/ab or b/ab rbc for all parasites tested. the higher affinity of ... | 1992 | 1402677 |
| detection of human antibodies against plasmodium falciparum antigens in blood meals of anopheline mosquitoes. | human igg antibodies against plasmodium falciparum asexual stages, gametocytes and sporozoites were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques in the blood meals of anopheles gambiae s.l. from a malaria-endemic area of western kenya. field-collected mosquitoes, which had been stored dry for over 2 years, were screened first for human igg by elisa. in 141 blood meal samples from human-fed mosquitoes, the prevalence of stage-specific antibodies was 87.9% for asexual-stage parasites ... | 1992 | 1402862 |
| penetration of the mosquito (aedes aegypti) midgut wall by the ookinetes of plasmodium gallinaceum. | we observed plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes in both intracellular and intercellular positions in the midgut epithelium of the mosquito aedes aegypti. after epithelial cell invasion intracellular ookinetes lacked a parasitophorous vacuolar membrane and were surrounded solely by their own pellicle. thus, the ookinete in the midgut epithelium of the mosquito differs from erythrocytic and hepatic stages in that the parasite in the vertebrate host is surrounded by a vacuole. the midgut epithelial cy ... | 1992 | 1403980 |
| synthesis and antimalarial properties of 1-imino derivatives of 7-chloro-3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones and related structures. | to improve upon the activity and properties of the 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4- dihydro-1,9(2h,10h)-acridinediones, a variety of 1-[(alkylamino)alkylene]imino derivatives (3) were prepared and shown to be highly active antimalarial agents in both rodents and primates. among structural modifications prepared, including n10-alkyl and c2-substituted analogs, removal of the c9 oxygen, and introduction of an imino side chain at c9, the imines of the n10-h acridinediones were the most active compounds obtaine ... | 1992 | 1404226 |
| development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for plasmodium vivax-vk247 sporozoites. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the plasmodium vivax-vk247 (variant) circumsporozoite (cs) protein was developed and evaluated using sporozoites produced by feeding mosquitoes on thai patients with parasitologically confirmed p. vivax infections. the elisa had a detection threshold of fewer than 50 sporozoites. using this assay in conjunction with an elisa for the vk210 polymorph, nearly 16% of the 235 p. vivax cases produced sporozoites positive only for the variant; 69% produc ... | 1992 | 1404266 |
| [the detection and characterization of drug resistant malaria parasites using genetic markers]. | | 1992 | 1404941 |
| colorimetric detection of plasmodium falciparum and direct sequencing of amplified gene fragments using a solid phase method. | a rapid colorimetric assay for the detection of dna from plasmodium falciparum malaria is described, allowing direct sequencing of amplified fragments in the positive samples. the method is based on amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), with incorporation of biotin and a lac operator sequence in the amplified target dna. the pcr product was immobilized on streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads, and detected by the specific binding of an escherichia coli lac repressor beta-galactosid ... | 1992 | 1406728 |
| effect of iron chelation therapy on recovery from deep coma in children with cerebral malaria. | cerebral malaria is a severe complication of plasmodium falciparum infection in children, with a mortality rate of 15 to 50 percent despite antimalarial therapy. | 1992 | 1406879 |
| malaria. getting into the liver. | | 1992 | 1406943 |
| [the treatment of malaria]. | | 1992 | 1407179 |
| [the phenomenon of the delayed initial attack of tertian malaria]. | from 1986 to 1990 we have treated 215 patients with falciparum malaria. in 8 patients (4%) who had not returned to any malarial area, malaria attacks recurred after 6-20 weeks. curiously these were now caused by different species: plasmodium vivax (4 patients) and p. ovale (4 patients). after proper management of malignant tertian malaria caused by p. falciparum, patients are considered cured, provided the treatment has been in accordance with the resistance pattern of the parasite in the countr ... | 1992 | 1407184 |
| extensive turnover of telomeric dna at a plasmodium berghei chromosomal extremity marked by a rare recombinational event. | the dynamics of telomere turnover were studied in plasmodium, whose telomeric structures consist of linear, recognisable sequences of two distinct repeats (tttaggg and ttcaggg). independent recombinant clones containing a well-defined chromosomal extremity of plasmodium berghei, both before and after a rare insertion event took place, were obtained from clonal parasite populations and analysed. the insertion, which splits the original telomere and causes a significant reduction in the size of th ... | 1992 | 1408751 |
| characterization of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2. | immunization of mice with plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 (pyssp2) and circumsporozoite protein protects completely against p. yoelii. the amino acid sequence of pyssp2 suggested that the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) [robson, k. j. h., hall, j. r. s., jennings, m. w., harris, t. j. r., marsh, k., newbold, c. i., tate, v. e. & weatherall, d. j. (1988) nature (london) 335, 79-82] is the plasmodium falciparum homolog of pyssp2. we report data confirming that trap i ... | 1992 | 1409621 |
| plasmodium chabaudi p68 serine protease activity required for merozoite entry into mouse erythrocytes. | to define the role of malaria parasite enzymes during the process of erythrocyte invasion, we have developed an in vitro serum-free invasion assay of mouse erythrocytes by purified plasmodium chabaudi merozoites. the sensitivity of a merozoite-specific serine protease (p68) to various inhibitors and the effect of these inhibitors on invasion indicate a crucial role for p68. the substrate specificity of the purified enzyme has been partially defined using fluorogenic peptides. consistent with thi ... | 1992 | 1409678 |
| [epidemiology and clinical aspects of imported tropical diseases]. | the number of people travelling of the tropical countries is in constant progression and today represents about 5% of the population of the developed countries. mortality is mainly accidental. morbidity essentially concerns transmissible diseases. diarrhoeal symptoms occur in 20-55% of travellers, are bacterial in 2 cases out of 3, and can be prevented. cholera should soon have an efficient oral vaccine. hepatitis a is frequent in some travellers (2-3%) and can be prevented by vaccination. hepat ... | 1992 | 1410902 |
| malaria in aberdeen: an audit of 110 patients admitted between 1980-1991. | all 110 patients seen in north east scotland after contracting malaria from foreign travel were treated in the regional infection unit in aberdeen. those patients managed there from january 1980 to march 1991 are described. there were 54 episodes of plasmodium falciparum malaria (49%) and 26 episodes (23%) of plasmodium vivax malaria. the remainder had either mixed infection or were diagnosed as malaria on high clinical probability. the majority of the patients were male (80%) and under 40 years ... | 1992 | 1411477 |
| monocyte tissue factor expression induced by plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | monocytes are active elements of the host response against plasmodium falciparum. they are able to express tissue factor and trigger the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation the activation of which remained unclear in malaria. our aim was to assess the tissue factor expression of purified blood monocytes stimulated by cultured plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. malaria parasite induced an early generation of tissue factor with a peak between 8 and 12 h of stimulation. maximum express ... | 1992 | 1412153 |
| a dna hybridization assay for use in drug sensitivity tests in vitro for plasmodium falciparum under field conditions. | a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridization technique was applied to in vitro drug sensitivity testing of p. falciparum using a synthetic 21-mer oligonucleotide coupled to alkaline phosphatase (pfr1-ap) to monitor development of parasite stages in culture. the density of the coloured spot clearly distinguished schizonts from ring forms. this assay system was applied in the field on hainan island, china. blood samples obtained from patients were cultivated in the presence of antimalarial drugs an ... | 1992 | 1412636 |
| chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in vivo in a savanna town in cameroon. | chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum has been reported in the sahel and forest regions of cameroon since 1985. in vivo response to chloroquine treatment (25 mg/kg) was assessed in 19 patients with malaria in the savanna north-west province. 58% of the cases showed rii resistance to chloroquine. riii resistance was suspected in one patient. only 35% of cases showed complete parasite clearance by day 5 of treatment. chloroquine reduced parasite counts by at least 87% in all patients. chloro ... | 1992 | 1412637 |
| plasmodium falciparum: sensitivity to chloroquine in vivo in three ecological zones in ghana. | 4690 children aged 6-15 years in 5 urban and 4 rural communities in 3 ecological zones in ghana were screened from june 1988 to december 1990 to provide suitable candidates for the world health organization standard in vivo test for susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine. 1880 (40.1%) had parasitaemia, mostly (83.7-98.6%) due to p. falciparum infection. of the 626 in vivo tests performed, 570 (91.1%) showed sensitivity to chloroquine and 56 (8.9%) responses were classified as res ... | 1992 | 1412638 |
| the activity in vitro of cycloguanil and pyrimethamine in combination against plasmodium falciparum. | | 1992 | 1412640 |
| lack of effect of desipramine on the response to chloroquine of patients with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. | the potential of desipramine to improve the efficacy of chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in vivo in man was investigated. fifty-three malaria patients were selected according to the criteria for the standard world health organization (who) in vivo test and were randomly divided in 2 groups. one group (n = 27) was given standard therapeutic doses of chloroquine (25 mg/kg body weight of base) and the other (n = 26) was given standard doses of chloroquine, as above, i ... | 1992 | 1412641 |
| haemoglobin-e in the presence of oxidative substances from fava bean may be protective against plasmodium falciparum malaria. | a case-control study was carried out at a community hospital in eastern thailand in order to study the association between haemoglobin e and plasmodium falciparum malaria; 271 p. falciparum cases and 271 controls were enrolled. after adjusting for age, sex, time since last malaria attack, history of mosquito net use, and history of fava bean consumption in the previous month, neither heterozygous nor homozygous haemoglobin e provided significant protection against p. falciparum infection, with o ... | 1992 | 1412643 |
| bacterial cell surface biological response modifiers and their synthetic counterparts. | | 1992 | 1414590 |
| [short term cultivation of plasmodium for the determination of chloroquine resistance]. | the in-vivo-test of plasmodium drug resistance is one of the essential basic controls, assisting therapeutic measures in tropical malaria. an initial in-vitro-check up of drugs provided for antimalarial therapy is another useful help to the clinician. even when manufactured who test kits are not available, the analysis of drug resistance can be performed under simple working conditions. its application is demonstrated in a patients history. | 1992 | 1416223 |
| in vitro study of anticancer acridines as potential antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents. | the requirement for rational drug design in the search for new agents that are active against parasitic protozoa prompted our in vitro studies with a group of 9-anilinoacridines. in vitro growth assays with trypanosoma lewisi identified a series of c-1' alkylaminoacridines which possess previously unreported potent growth-inhibitory activities against t. lewisi at a concentration range of 0.1 to 1 microm. in contrast, several 9-anilinoacridines that possess acridine ring nh2 substituents at c-3 ... | 1992 | 1416846 |
| lipid peroxidation in plasmodium falciparum-parasitized human erythrocytes. | cis-parinaric acid (pna) was used as a fluorescent probe to study lipid peroxidation in nonparasitized and plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes, upon challenge by cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. parasitized erythrocytes were less susceptible toward lipid peroxidation than nonparasitized erythrocytes with which they had been cultured. furthermore, nonparasitized erythrocytes cultured together with parasitized cells, and thereafter isolated on a percoll gradient, were ... | 1992 | 1416993 |
| plasmodium falciparum: effect of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine on the infectivity of gametocytes for anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the activity of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine against the gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum (strain nf54) was tested. five-day-old gametocytes (stages i and ii) from in vitro cultures were exposed to the drugs for 48 hours. the effect of the drugs on gametocyte development was assessed by counting gametocytes on days nine and 15 of culture and determining the infectivity of the drug-treated gametocytes to mosquitoes. gametocytogenesis was partially inhibite ... | 1992 | 1417200 |
| the absence of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the placental blood of a woman with a peripheral parasitaemia. | | 1992 | 1417211 |
| the infective efficiency of intradermally inoculated plasmodium coatneyi sporozoites. | | 1992 | 1417212 |
| sorbitol-induced aggregation of plasmodium falciparum cultures. | | 1992 | 1417213 |
| placental plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in east sepik (papua new guinea) women of different parity: the apparent absence of acute effects on mother and foetus. | the effects of malaria were studied in a group of parturient women of east sepik province, papua new guinea. further information was gathered from a search of hospital records and interviews with village aid post orderlies. examination of placental blood revealed a plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia rate of 41% of the primiparae, 23% in parous 2, 25% in parous 3, and 3% in multiparae greater than 3. approximately one-half of those with placental parasitaemia had a concomitant detectable peripher ... | 1992 | 1417215 |
| rapid chloroquine efflux phenotype in both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. a correlation of chloroquine sensitivity with energy-dependent drug accumulation. | recent reports suggest that lower levels of chloroquine accumulation in chloroquine-resistant isolates of plasmodium falciparum are achieved by energy-dependent chloroquine efflux from resistant parasites. in support of this argument, a rapid chloroquine efflux phenotype has been observed in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of p. falciparum. in this study, no relationship was found between chloroquine sensitivity and the rate of [3h]chloroquine efflux from four isolates of p. falciparum with ... | 1992 | 1417955 |
| platelet kinetics and other hematological profiles in experimental plasmodium falciparum infection: a comparative study between saimiri and aotus monkeys. | levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 saimiri and 12 aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post-infection with monkey-adapted indochina cdc-1 strain of plasmodium falciparum. in both saimiri sciureus boliviensis and aotus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degene ... | 1992 | 1420030 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched theileria sergenti immunogens. ii: protection against natural exposure under field conditions. | a theileria sergenti soluble merozoite preparation containing the 29, 34, 35 and 105 kd as the immunodominant polypeptides, was evaluated for efficacy, safety and protectivity in holstein calves against virulent field tick challenge. the soluble antigens (100 mg/dose) were fortified with either complete or incomplete freund's adjuvant. twenty naive calves, aged one month, were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster dose was administered 4 weeks later. twenty additional calv ... | 1992 | 1420033 |
| [stability and chemosensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in 1990 and 1991 in ankazobe, a village in high plateau madagascar]. | the in vivo and in vitro response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was conducted in ankazobe, a village located in the high plateau area. these studies confirmed the low level of chloroquine-resistance. the in vivo data indicate the absence of increase resistance during the 2 years study. chloroquine is still the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria attack in this area. | 1992 | 1422272 |
| [rapid diagnosis of malaria. the microwave furnace]. | thick blood is a well known method for malaria diagnosis, very faithful and sensitive, but it could not be used in emergency because it had to dry for many hours. micro-wave over allows a quick drying (two minutes). do it can now be used in emergency. | 1992 | 1422273 |
| development of a model ribosomal rna hybridization assay for the detection of sarcocystis and other coccidia. | two regions of the primary structure of the small subunit rrna of sarcocystis muris bradyzoites were compared with nucleotide sequences of s. gigantea, toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium berghei and mus musculus and used to design genus- and species-specific probes for the detection and identification of coccidia. total cellular rna of purified s. muris, s. cruzi, t. gondii and eimeria nieschulzi and coccidia-infected tissues of mouse, ox, sheep and pig, were assayed using twenty-base oligomers label ... | 1992 | 1423056 |
| interferon-gamma induced lethality in the late phase of plasmodium vinckei malaria despite effective parasite clearance by chloroquine. | a combination therapy was tested consisting of chloroquine and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in the late phase of blood-stage plasmodium vinckei malaria in balb/c mice. when mice were treated with three times 300 micrograms chloroquine at 24-h intervals starting at a parasitemia of 30%-50%, only 5 of 14 mice (36%) died 2-4 days after initiation of therapy. however, when infected mice received chloroquine plus 1 microgram ifn-gamma at the same time, 14 of 18 mice (78%) died 0.5-3 days after start ... | 1992 | 1425913 |
| plasmodium falciparum: the human agglutinating antibody response to the infected red cell surface is predominantly variant specific. | there is mounting evidence that an important component of the host-protective immune response to plasmodium falciparum is the antibody response to the altered surface of the infected erythrocyte. the nature of these surface changes and the responses to them have been difficult to analyse because of the diverse nature of the parasite-derived neoantigens (pdn) expressed, because of the additional presence of modified host determinants, and because of the lack of monospecific reagents. we have stud ... | 1992 | 1426131 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum: antibodies to circumsporozoite protein prevent sporozoites from invading the salivary glands of aedes aegypti. | a circumsporozoite protein-specific monoclonal antibody (n2h6d5) was injected into malaria-infected mosquitoes to determine its effect on the sporogonic cycle. after injection of antibody into mosquitoes (100 ng each), positive immunofluorescence (measured on air-dried sporozoites) reactions in hemolymph extracts were observed at a dilution of 1:1000. at 72 hr postinjection the levels dropped to 1:10. sporozoites coinjected with antibody did not invade the salivary glands. in naturally infected ... | 1992 | 1426132 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: the hsp 70 gene. | the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium cynomolgi was isolated and characterized. as expected the gene is highly similar to that of the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium falciparum (98% at the protein level, 82% at the nucleotide level). surprisingly, the hsp 70 gene appears to be present in a single copy in all the p. cynomolgi strains tested, a finding that has implications for the parasite's ability to undergo a heat shock response. | 1992 | 1426134 |
| plasmodium chabaudi as: erythropoietic responses during infection in resistant and susceptible mice. | the course of anemia and the erythropoietic response in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood were studied during plasmodium chabaudi as infection in resistant c57bl/6 (b6) and susceptible a/j (a) mice. infections in b6 mice were characterized by moderate levels of both parasitemia and anemia and survival. in contrast, a mice experienced high parasitemia, severe anemia, and high mortality rates. during the period of anemia, erythropoiesis, as measured by in vivo 59fe incorporation, was significantl ... | 1992 | 1426136 |
| plasmodium berghei: sporozoites are sensitive to human serum but not susceptible host serum. | human complement was activated by rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, sporozoites through the alternative pathway, as revealed by c3 deposition on sporozoites using the fluorescent antibody technique. sporozoites exposed to fresh human serum decreased in infectivity to hepg2 cells, but those exposed to heated or c3-deficient human serum showed normal infectivity to hepg2 cells. in contrast, c3 deposition was not observed on the sporozoites treated with mouse or rat serum even in the presence of ... | 1992 | 1426138 |
| characterization of yeast artificial chromosomes from plasmodium falciparum: construction of a stable, representative library and cloning of telomeric dna fragments. | molecular genetic studies of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been hampered in part due to difficulties in stably cloning and propagating parasite genomic dna in bacteria. this is thought to be a result of the unusual a+t bias (>80%) in the parasite's dna. pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of p. falciparum chromosomes has shown that large chromosomal polymorphisms, resulting from the deletion of dna from chromosome ends, frequently occur. understanding the biologic ... | 1992 | 1427849 |
| parasite-induced changes to localized erythrocyte membrane deformability in plasmodium falciparum cultures. | the effect of intra-erythrocyte development of the plasmodium falciparum parasite on local deformability of human erythrocyte membranes was studied by aspiration of cells into 0.56 micron diameter pores in polycarbonate filters and examination, after fixing, with a scanning electron microscope. as the aspiration pressure increased, the erythrocyte membrane was extruded into the filter pores. the pressure dependence of the protrusion length and the minimum pressure required to produce any deforma ... | 1992 | 1427985 |
| a monoclonal antibody directed against the sporozoite stage of plasmodium vivax binds to liver parenchymal cells. | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of malaria parasites is a major surface protein of the sporozoite stage. in the process of investigating the immunogenicity of this protein in the plasmodium vivax complex, we found that a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against the cs protein of isolates of p. vivax recognizes new world monkey hepatocytes and human hepatoma cells hepg2a16 in western blot and by immunoelectron microscopy. the mab nvs3 binds to the amino acid sequence agdr, which is also share ... | 1992 | 1428005 |